243 lines
24 KiB
XML
243 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="D63BC901522CFE3F1D3FB9D7ED0E3997" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2023064" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC10732139" ID-PubMed="38117272" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628828" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1719954797701" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Moyaba, Percy, Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms, Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla, Njokou, Flobert, Freitas, Ngambia, Vreysen, Marc Jb & Abd-Alla, Adly Mm" docDate="2023" docId="0B4D879BA176624AFCE5FE6CFB364B98" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.30.62.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 30 (62)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023064" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Trypanosoma" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="F774FFE3A172624EFFC8FFDDFFD14E49" masterDocTitle="Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1728043659770" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="BFBC0D8A35A68250799EA388126E62A2">Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C52EEF51DE0D0F8B05D82887DFD469B0">Moyaba, Percy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F3AEE809DD3ADEF6CCE910110CBB807">Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria & Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR),</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3C286C3E6C28BAE575427722F3F7015B">Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C864DFA711EB09F30B68DDEC82BED48">Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT),</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FC508AF9AD4DB00AB6190D529DBC3B4B">Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FC20893EAAC7C19DF9187E19E2929314">Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), & University of Dedougou, B. P. 176, Dédougou 01, Burkina Faso</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AB08081763D2E0F1233EB1AE1DC6B459">Njokou, Flobert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C3BD09D4D8B7F8791B93C4EC14160E20">Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Po. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F16769FE6A82680AF9DF96C0D884DF6A">Freitas, Ngambia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9C1E592A4939092693D4EBEC304F8A36">Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Po. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon & Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BA7A9009B1388653314516C5C6D1723F">Vreysen, Marc Jb</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E0278B7AB06CDC290726B607C97A66D">Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C2E8C2C06F46E005DE10EFBB976422DF">Abd-Alla, Adly Mm</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="94B25082EFAF2E45C08D52DBC5BBECF9">Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="096FF82B28C7D112EE09AFEEA4C4A0F3">Parasite</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D7BEF79DBC46CC5EBC8591124948645E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="18790CB1036B5B264AB64E3808DAB1AF">2023-12-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BE2208ED2FDB2E91E24CA2D3C435A363">30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6F46E3EE391ABCF40019E2BFDD8420FE">62</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D14B2A5107C92197A42F5D778519AA4B">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023064</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="7BCD7C05E1FB9D2415C9949A5ADB73D8" type="ISSN">1776-1042</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0B4D879BA176624AFCE5FE6CFB364B98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B4D879BA176624AFCE5FE6CFB364B98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B4D879BA176624AFCE5FE6CFB364B98" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFCE5FE6CFC7A4FA3" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Prevalence of single and multiple
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<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFB29FE6CFA5E4F83" ID-CoL="64874" authority="Gruby, 1843" box="[1249,1423,433,458]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFB29FE6CFA5E4F83" bold="true" box="[1249,1423,433,458]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trypanosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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infections
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="835B368DA176624AFC9DFDDAFA4C4DA1" blockId="4.[813,1467,519,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The screening of the flies indicated the presence of different taxa of
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<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFCB6FDFBFBDD4C74" box="[894,1036,550,573]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFCB6FDFBFBDD4C74" box="[894,1036,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trypanosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFB4DFDFBFB4E4C74" box="[1157,1183,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tc</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFB78FDFBFBB14C15" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFB78FDFBFA6A4C74" box="[1200,1467,550,573]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="congolense">Trypanosoma congolense</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="5C5F882FA176624AFCE5FD98FC8B4C15" box="[813,858,581,604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
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: Savanah, Kilifi, Forest
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</emphasis>
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||
),
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||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFBB3FD98FB444C15" box="[1147,1173,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tv</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFB62FD98FAAB4C15" box="[1194,1402,581,604]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="vivax">
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFB62FD98FAAB4C15" box="[1194,1402,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trypanosoma vivax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFCE5FDBEFC974C33" box="[813,838,611,634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tz</emphasis>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFCA7FDBEFBE44C33" box="[879,1077,611,634]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanozoon" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFCA7FDBEFC264C33" box="[879,1015,611,634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trypanozoon</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFBA8FDBEFB804CFE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFBA8FDBEFA664C33" box="[1120,1463,611,634]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="brucei" subSpecies="brucei">Trypanosoma brucei brucei</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFCE5FD5FFB524CD0" box="[813,1155,642,665]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="brucei" subSpecies="gambiense">Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFB59FD5FFCBF4CFE" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="brucei" subSpecies="rhodesiense">Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFCB2FD7DFB804CFE" box="[890,1105,672,695]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="evansi">Trypanosoma evansi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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). The overall prevalence of single or multiple
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<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFC60FD62FBE74C9F" box="[936,1078,703,726]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFC60FD62FBE74C9F" box="[936,1078,703,726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trypanosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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infections among all tested flies was 69.97% (457/653). The prevalence of
|
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<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFB70FD00FA974CBD" box="[1208,1350,733,756]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFB70FD00FA974CBD" box="[1208,1350,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trypanosoma</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
varied significantly between countries (
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||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFB94FD26FBBA4D5A" bold="true" box="[1116,1131,763,787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFBA2FD2BFBA54D4F" attach="left" box="[1130,1140,758,774]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
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= 37.18, df = 1, and
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||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFA87FD21FA8D4D5A" box="[1359,1372,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
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||
<0.001) and locations (
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||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFC0FFCC7FC074D7B" bold="true" box="[967,982,794,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFC1EFCC9FC314D6D" attach="left" box="[982,992,788,804]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
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= 452.21, df = 7, and
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFB1DFCC6FB334D7B" box="[1237,1250,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001). In
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<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFAB9FCC7FA664D78" box="[1393,1463,794,817]" name="Ghana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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, the prevalence was significantly higher than in
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<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFAD9FCE4FA4C4D19" box="[1297,1437,825,848]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
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, at 86.38% and 20.76%, respectively (
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<tableCitation id="CE660336A176624AFB79FC8AFAD44D27" box="[1201,1285,855,878]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[113,171,238,259]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Global prevalence of Spiroplasma in Glossina tachinoides according to locations and countries." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="1BDF2A08A176624AFA8EFC8AFA584D27" box="[1350,1417,855,878]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,180,871,892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,851]" captionTargetId="figure-413@7.[151,1436,238,851]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Prevalence of Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma (single and multiple) infections per country, location, and sex. Prevalence data were square root transformed and averaged based on location-sex and the matrix display was conducted in PRIMER version 7 + software. Tree on the left of the matrix is the similarity dendrogram based on the similarity index of the square root of the prevalence values. The color index is the square root of the prevalence values ranged 0–9 which is the square root of 0–81% prevalence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628832/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). In
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<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFCE5FCABFCA24DC4" box="[813,883,886,909]" name="Ghana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
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, the prevalence varied significantly with location (
|
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<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFCFDFC49FC954DE5" bold="true" box="[821,836,916,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFC8CFC53FC9F4DD7" attach="left" box="[836,846,910,926]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
= 125.43, df = 5, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFB9DFC48FBB34DE5" box="[1109,1122,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001), with a prevalence of 100% in some locations such as Sissili Bridge, Fumbissi, Kumpole, and Grogro (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1BDF2A08A176624AFBEDFC0CFBB24DA1" box="[1061,1123,977,1000]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,180,871,892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,851]" captionTargetId="figure-413@7.[151,1436,238,851]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Prevalence of Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma (single and multiple) infections per country, location, and sex. Prevalence data were square root transformed and averaged based on location-sex and the matrix display was conducted in PRIMER version 7 + software. Tree on the left of the matrix is the similarity dendrogram based on the similarity index of the square root of the prevalence values. The color index is the square root of the prevalence values ranged 0–9 which is the square root of 0–81% prevalence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628832/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="CE660336A176624AFAF5FC0CFA5C4DA1" box="[1341,1421,977,1000]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[113,171,238,259]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 3. Distribution of the association between the presence of Trypanosoma spp. and the presence of Spiroplasma according to country and location." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="835B368DA176624AFC9DFC2DFBF24B53" blockId="4.[813,1467,519,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The most frequently found trypanosomes were
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFA82FC2DFAB24A4E" box="[1354,1379,1008,1031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tz</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFA52FC2DFA654A4E" box="[1434,1460,1008,1031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tv</emphasis>
|
||
, with a prevalence of 30.2% and 22.42%, respectively. However, only
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFC6FFBF3FC114A0C" box="[935,960,1070,1093]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tz</emphasis>
|
||
varied significantly with country (
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFA8DFBF0FA854A0C" bold="true" box="[1349,1364,1069,1093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFA9BFBFAFA8C4A7E" attach="left" box="[1363,1373,1063,1079]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
= 7.54, df = 1, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFC71FB91FC174A2A" box="[953,966,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.006) and location (
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFB1BFB96FB334A2A" bold="true" box="[1235,1250,1099,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFB29FB9BFB3A4A1F" attach="left" box="[1249,1259,1094,1110]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
= 185.82, df = 7, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFC96FBB6FCBA4ACB" box="[862,875,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44E44D0EA176624AFC2EFBB6FB254ACB" box="[998,1268,1131,1154]" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Trypanosomatidae" genus="Trypanosoma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trypanosomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="congolense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFC2EFBB6FB254ACB" box="[998,1268,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trypanosoma congolense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in the two locations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFC17FB54FBBA4AE9" box="[991,1131,1161,1184]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Comoe at 2.37% and Folonzo at 2.00%), and only in one location in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFB32FB7AFAEF4AF7" box="[1274,1342,1191,1214]" name="Ghana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Walewale (2.87%)). Its prevalence varied significantly with country (
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFCFDFB39FC954AB5" bold="true" box="[821,836,1252,1276]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFC8CFB02FC9F4AA6" attach="left" box="[836,846,1247,1263]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
= 6.426, df = 1, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFBF5FB38FB9B4AB5" box="[1085,1098,1253,1276]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.01) and location (
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFAF7FB39FA9F4AB5" bold="true" box="[1343,1358,1252,1276]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFA86FB02FA894AA6" attach="left" box="[1358,1368,1247,1263]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
= 34.97, df = 7, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFC64FADEFC684B53" box="[940,953,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="835B368DA176624AFC9DFAFFFB364B98" blockId="4.[813,1467,519,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFC4EFAFFFC694B70" box="[902,952,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TvTz</emphasis>
|
||
multiple infection was the most prevalent in the samples (11.22%). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFBD0FA9DFB8F4B1E" box="[1048,1118,1344,1367]" name="Ghana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, no
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFB46FA9CFB134B11" box="[1166,1218,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TcTv</emphasis>
|
||
double infections were found, while in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBF3761DA176624AFC1BFA82FBB14B3F" box="[979,1120,1375,1398]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
, no triple infections
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFAFDFA82FA504B3F" box="[1333,1409,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TcTvTz</emphasis>
|
||
were found. The prevalence of the double infections varied only according with location (
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFBFDFA46FB954BFA" bold="true" box="[1077,1092,1435,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Χ</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript id="74919BC5A176624AFB8CFA4BFB9F4BEF" attach="left" box="[1092,1102,1430,1446]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
= 245.15, df = 7, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFA81FA41FA874BFA" box="[1353,1366,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1BDF2A08A176624AFCFDFA67FCA24B98" box="[821,883,1466,1489]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,180,871,892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,851]" captionTargetId="figure-413@7.[151,1436,238,851]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Prevalence of Spiroplasma and Trypanosoma (single and multiple) infections per country, location, and sex. Prevalence data were square root transformed and averaged based on location-sex and the matrix display was conducted in PRIMER version 7 + software. Tree on the left of the matrix is the similarity dendrogram based on the similarity index of the square root of the prevalence values. The color index is the square root of the prevalence values ranged 0–9 which is the square root of 0–81% prevalence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628832/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B190EA9FA176624AFC62FA66FC0D4B9B" box="[938,988,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TcTz</emphasis>
|
||
Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="CE660336A176624AFB40FA67FB094B98" box="[1160,1240,1466,1489]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[113,171,238,259]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 3. Distribution of the association between the presence of Trypanosoma spp. and the presence of Spiroplasma according to country and location." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |