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<document id="DCD0E6B03BE01B95844DC0DB6241D596" ID-CLB-Dataset="224103" ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.016" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a360f5c7-16da-4c69-afbe-01e6ad032418" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522801" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1673382488781" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel &amp; Kvaček, Jiří" docDate="2022" docId="03FD87F2FFEEFFFAFCE0F89CC7FCF972" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.2.341-424.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Clavatipollenites" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="361" masterDocId="FFC4FF8AFFFDFFEEFFBFFFFFC378FFA6" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="360" updateTime="1728648832095" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="0E26630DAF9A2767E489E13C48EB6E92">The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="244036D2973C992F199BEF64DAA378E6">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA9F71A1F4C821FDE92E58F5127998EC">Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93B691A7BA7F5700CC061EA4B4E3C6EA">Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="790900E851459670CEEF8F5B0C80974D">Mendes, Mário Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03FD87F2FFEEFFFAFCE0F89CC7FCF972" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFEEFFFAFCE0F89CC7FCF972" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87F2FFEEFFFAFCE0F89CC7FCF972" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFEEFFFDFCE0F89CC7CBF83B" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFEEFFFDFCE0F89CC7CBF83B" blockId="19.[863,1416,1891,1949]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
<heading id="D0A38188FFEEFFFDFCE0F89CC7CBF83B" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEEFFFDFCE0F89CC7CBF83B" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
Stamens with monocolpate
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEEFFFDFB28F89CC620F8DD" authority="(Walker and Walker 1984)" box="[1175,1368,1891,1915]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Clavatipollenites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEEFFFDFB28F89CC620F8DD" bold="true" box="[1175,1368,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">Clavatipollenites-</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFEEFFFDFAE8F89BC6F0F8DA" box="[1367,1416,1892,1916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">type</typeStatus>
pollen sp. 4
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFEEFFFAFB9DF858C7FCF972" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="19" pageNumber="360" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFEEFFFDFB9DF858C7BDF819" blockId="19.[1058,1221,1959,1983]" box="[1058,1221,1959,1983]" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFEEFFFDFB9DF858C7BDF819" box="[1058,1221,1959,1983]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="21.[125,206,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-483@21.[122,1443,148,1018]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of “Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (ad). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522827/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">Text-fig. 13ad</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFEEFFFAFCE5F826C234F8DA" blockId="19.[820,1459,2008,2100]" lastBlockId="20.[128,768,1455,1916]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">
Description and remarks. The material comprises a fragment of a staminate structure with more than ten closely packed stamens that have in situ
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEEFFFAFB4BF7E3C3D7FA61" italics="true" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="19" pageNumber="360">Clavatipollenitestype</emphasis>
pollen. There are no well-developed filaments. The shape of the fragment indicates that the anthers were sessile or almost sessile and that the stamens were originally borne in whorls in a multistaminate inflorescence (
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFE9FFFAFD87F9EBC1BCF98A" box="[568,708,1556,1580]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="21.[125,206,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-483@21.[122,1443,148,1018]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of “Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (ad). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522827/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Text-fig. 13a</figureCitation>
). The anthers are strongly compressed, obovate in outline, about
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFE9FFFAFF3FF9A8C3ACF9C9" box="[128,212,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long and
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broad. Pollen is monoaperturate with a poorly delimited aperture (
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFE9FFFAFE63F986C106F937" box="[476,638,1657,1681]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="21.[125,206,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-483@21.[122,1443,148,1018]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of “Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (ad). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522827/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Text-fig. 13b, c</figureCitation>
). The grains are about 1417 µm in diameter. The exine is semitectatereticulate with a homobrochate reticulum (
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFE9FFFAFDF6F943C18CF972" box="[585,756,1724,1748]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="21.[125,206,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-483@21.[122,1443,148,1018]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of “Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (ad). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522827/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Text-fig. 13bd</figureCitation>
). Lumina are irregular, up to about 1 µm in diameter. Muri are narrow, about 0.3 µm wide ornamented with minute verrucae arranged in one to two rows. Columellae are long, about 0.7 µm, and widely spaced (
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFE9FFFAFE4BF8BCC1FCF8FD" box="[500,644,1859,1883]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="21.[125,206,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-483@21.[122,1443,148,1018]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Text-fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of “Staminate inflorescence fragment with Clavatipollenites-type pollen sp. 4”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing several closely packed, almost sessile stamens that lack a well-developed filament; b, c) Distal and proximal views of pollen grains showing poorly defined aperture with verrucate aperture membrane; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107782 (ad). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522827/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Text-fig. 13d</figureCitation>
). Orbicules were not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B666CFFE9FFFAFF2BFB22C6FBFACE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522825/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" startId="20.[148,228,1245,1266]" targetBox="[148,1462,152,1230]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFE9FFFAFF2BFB22C6FBFACE" blockId="20.[147,1463,1245,1384]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">
Text-fig. 12. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of isolated “Stamen fragment with
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFE9FFFAFBEFFB21C78BFB55" baseAuthorityName="Walker and Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1104,1267,1246,1267]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Clavatipollenites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE9FFFAFBEFFB21C78BFB55" bold="true" box="[1104,1267,1246,1267]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Clavatipollenites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type pollen sp. 3”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with pollen in situ; b, c) Pollen grains showing the semitectate-reticulate pollen wall and folds (c) indicating a possible monocolpate aperture; d) Detail of pollen wall showing the semitectate-reticulate tectum and long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation; e) Detail of pollen wall showing tiny, spherical, finely spiny orbicules. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170449 (ae). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, c), 1.5 Μm (d, e).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFE9FFFAFF19F86AC7FCF972" blockId="20.[129,767,1941,2100]" lastBlockId="20.[843,1482,1455,1748]" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">
<collectionCode id="ED45AE21FFE9FFFAFF19F86AC3C1F80B" box="[166,185,1941,1965]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" type="Herbarium">Affinity</collectionCode>
and other occurrences. See comments on “Stamens with monocolpate
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFE9FFFAFDFFF848C187F869" baseAuthorityName="Walker and Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[576,767,1975,1999]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Clavatipollenites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE9FFFAFDFFF848C3D7F857" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Clavatipollenitestype</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pollen sp. 1” above. The pollen is closely similar to dispersed fossil grains assigned to the extinct genus
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFE9FFFAFF3EF7E3C24FF792" baseAuthorityName="Walker and Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[129,311,2076,2100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Clavatipollenites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE9FFFAFF3EF7E3C24FF792" box="[129,311,2076,2100]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Clavatipollenites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as pollen of extant
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFE9FFFAFDD7F7E3C1B0F795" baseAuthorityName="Walker and Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[616,712,2076,2099]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Ascarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE9FFFAFDD7F7E3C1B0F795" box="[616,712,2076,2099]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Ascarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The stamens are similar to those in the staminate inflorescences of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFE9FFFAFCD8FA2EC7E2FA4E" authorityName="Friis &amp; Crane &amp; Pedersen &amp; Mendes &amp; Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[871,1178,1488,1512]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portugallicus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE9FFFAFCD8FA2EC7E2FA4E" box="[871,1178,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Proencistemon portugallicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE9FFFAFB72FA2EC614FA4E" box="[1229,1388,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Proencistemon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from Catefica (above) in being arranged in dense whorls and having sessile or almost sessile anthers. However, pollen in situ within stamens of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFE9FFFAFBD5F9C9C671F9EB" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[1130,1289,1590,1613]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE9FFFAFBD5F9C9C671F9EB" box="[1130,1289,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Proencistemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having a trichotomocolpate aperture, and stamens of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFE9FFFAFA94F9A7C6B2F9C9" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[1323,1482,1624,1647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE9FFFAFA94F9A7C6B2F9C9" box="[1323,1482,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Proencistemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are longer than those of the staminate structure described here. The estimated number of stamens per whorl is also fewer than in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFE9FFFAFC61F942C705F972" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[990,1149,1725,1748]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Proencistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="20" pageNumber="361" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE9FFFAFC61F942C705F972" box="[990,1149,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="361">Proencistemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>