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<document id="6A981DBFAC934AE19D309101A4CCD269" ID-CLB-Dataset="224103" ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.016" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a360f5c7-16da-4c69-afbe-01e6ad032418" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522801" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1673382488781" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel &amp; Kvaček, Jiří" docDate="2022" docId="03FD87F2FFE8FFF8FC38F9E1C0E8F935" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.2.341-424.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Asteropollis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="363" masterDocId="FFC4FF8AFFFDFFEEFFBFFFFFC378FFA6" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="362" updateTime="1728648832095" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="F0963EC084473ADF074FFA6C546CD9F5">The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D4D19AF25F1A426B65FC5C3412C548FB">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03FD87F2FFE8FFF8FC38F9E1C0E8F935" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7535259" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208830440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7535259" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFE8FFF8FC38F9E1C0E8F935" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87F2FFE8FFF8FC38F9E1C0E8F935" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFE8FFFBFC38F9E1C627F990" blockId="21.[903,1375,1566,1590]" box="[903,1375,1566,1590]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">
<heading id="D0A38188FFE8FFFBFC38F9E1C627F990" box="[903,1375,1566,1590]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE8FFFBFC38F9E1C627F990" bold="true" box="[903,1375,1566,1590]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">
Stamen with
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFE8FFFBFBA2F9E1C7E7F990" authority="R.W.Hedlund &amp; G.Norris, 1968" box="[1053,1183,1566,1590]" genus="Asteropollis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE8FFFBFBA2F9E1C7E7F990" bold="true" box="[1053,1183,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Asteropollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
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pollen sp. 2
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFE8FFFBFB9CF9C0C7BCF9F1" blockId="21.[1059,1220,1599,1623]" box="[1059,1220,1599,1623]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFE8FFFBFB9CF9C0C7BCF9F1" box="[1059,1220,1599,1623]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="23.[125,206,1302,1323]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-321@23.[122,1443,148,1288]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen with “Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 2”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ showing the dome-shaped extension of the connective with hairs; bd) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined pentachotomocolpate (b, d) and possibly tetrachotomocolpate (c) apertures and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of broken pollen grains showing the loosely attached reticulum, long scattered columellae and thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 49-S101209 (ae). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522831/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Text-fig. 15ae</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFE8FFF8FCE5F98FC078F951" blockId="21.[820,1460,1647,2099]" lastBlockId="22.[128,768,1558,1783]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">
Description and remarks. The species is based on a single stamen with numerous
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFE8FFFBFB0EF96FC642F90E" box="[1201,1338,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Asteropollis-</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFE8FFFBFA85F96FC610F90E" box="[1338,1384,1680,1704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">type</typeStatus>
pollen grains in situ. The stamen is about
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFE8FFFBFB19F94EC78FF96E" box="[1190,1271,1713,1737]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFE8FFFBFADEF94EC6CAF96E" box="[1377,1458,1713,1737]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
broad, obovate in shape, with a pointed base and a domeshaped sterile extension of the connective with short, stiff trichomes at the apex (
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFE8FFFBFB94F8EBC7C1F88A" box="[1067,1209,1812,1836]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="23.[125,206,1302,1323]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-321@23.[122,1443,148,1288]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen with “Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 2”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ showing the dome-shaped extension of the connective with hairs; bd) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined pentachotomocolpate (b, d) and possibly tetrachotomocolpate (c) apertures and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of broken pollen grains showing the loosely attached reticulum, long scattered columellae and thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 49-S101209 (ae). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522831/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Text-fig. 15a</figureCitation>
). There are no remains of a filament and the anthers may have been sessile or almost sessile. The anther is tetrasporangiate with two pairs of pollen sacs (
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFE8FFFBFC03F889C733F828" box="[956,1099,1910,1934]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="23.[125,206,1302,1323]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-321@23.[122,1443,148,1288]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen with “Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 2”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ showing the dome-shaped extension of the connective with hairs; bd) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined pentachotomocolpate (b, d) and possibly tetrachotomocolpate (c) apertures and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of broken pollen grains showing the loosely attached reticulum, long scattered columellae and thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 49-S101209 (ae). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522831/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Text-fig. 15a</figureCitation>
). Pollen is pentachotomocolpate, rarely tetrachotomocolpate, circular in equatorial outline and about 1518 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFE8FFFBFB28F847C638F876" box="[1175,1344,1976,2000]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="23.[125,206,1302,1323]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-321@23.[122,1443,148,1288]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen with “Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 2”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ showing the dome-shaped extension of the connective with hairs; bd) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined pentachotomocolpate (b, d) and possibly tetrachotomocolpate (c) apertures and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of broken pollen grains showing the loosely attached reticulum, long scattered columellae and thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 49-S101209 (ae). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522831/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Text-fig. 15bd</figureCitation>
). The arms of the aperture are short and do not reach to the equator. The aperture margins are poorly defined and the aperture membrane is covered by irregular verrucae (
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFE8FFF8FAA7F7E4C3E9F988" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="23.[125,206,1302,1323]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-321@23.[122,1443,148,1288]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen with “Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 2”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ showing the dome-shaped extension of the connective with hairs; bd) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined pentachotomocolpate (b, d) and possibly tetrachotomocolpate (c) apertures and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of broken pollen grains showing the loosely attached reticulum, long scattered columellae and thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 49-S101209 (ae). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522831/files/figure.png" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="21" pageNumber="362">Text-fig. 15b d</figureCitation>
). The exine is semitectate-reticulate, columellate, with short, densely spaced columellae, about 0.8 µm long that diminish in thickness towards the thick foot layer (
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFEBFFF8FD1CF9A6C3BEF934" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="23.[125,206,1302,1323]" captionTargetBox="[127,1440,151,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-321@23.[122,1443,148,1288]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamen with “Asteropollis-type pollen sp. 2”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ showing the dome-shaped extension of the connective with hairs; bd) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined pentachotomocolpate (b, d) and possibly tetrachotomocolpate (c) apertures and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of broken pollen grains showing the loosely attached reticulum, long scattered columellae and thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 49-S101209 (ae). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 6 Μm (be)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522831/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">Text-fig. 15be</figureCitation>
). Lumina are irregular in shape, up to about 1.2 µm in diameter. Muri are about 0.4 µm wide with a rounded profile and are ornamented by minute verrucae aligned in two longitudinal rows that
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEBFFF8FED1F920C295F951" box="[366,493,1759,1783]" form="poorly" pageId="22" pageNumber="363" rank="form">form poorly</taxonomicName>
defined transverse ridges.
</paragraph>
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Text-fig. 14. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of “Stamen with
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEBFFF8FC06FABAC756FAFC" authority="R.W.Hedlund &amp; G.Norris, 1968" box="[953,1070,1349,1370]" genus="Asteropollis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="22" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEBFFF8FC06FABAC756FAFC" bold="true" box="[953,1070,1349,1370]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">Asteropollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type pollen sp. 1”; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen with pollen in situ; bd) Pollen in situ in stamen in (a) showing poorly defined tetrachotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; e) Detail of pollen wall showing semitectate-reticulate tectum with long, scattered columellae supporting the narrow muri; note two irregular rows of minute verrucae ornamenting surface of muri. Specimen, Catefica 50- S170385 (ae). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, d), 1.5 Μm (e).
</paragraph>
</caption>
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Affinity and other occurrences. The in situ pollen grains of
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEBFFF8FE94F8CEC2CCF8EF" box="[299,436,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">Asteropollis-</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFEBFFF8FE0CF8CDC299F8EC" box="[435,481,1842,1866]" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
pollen sp. 2 differ from the pollen associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEBFFF8FED5F8ACC122F8CD" box="[362,602,1875,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Hedyflora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="22" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crystallifera">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEBFFF8FED5F8ACC122F8CD" box="[362,602,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">Hedyflora crystallifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and also pollen of
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<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFEBFFF8FE95F88AC220F82B" box="[298,344,1909,1933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
pollen sp. 1 (above), in their smaller size and in having a mainly pentachotomocolpate aperture configuration in contrast to the typical tetrachotomocolpate, or sometimes trichotomocolpate, pollen of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEBFFF8FD2AF826C27AF7B4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Hedyflora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="22" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crystallifera">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEBFFF8FD2AF826C27AF7B4" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">Hedyflora crystallifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Stamens producing the two
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEBFFF8FD88F805C1CFF7B4" authority="R.W.Hedlund &amp; G.Norris, 1968" box="[567,695,2042,2066]" genus="Asteropollis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="22" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEBFFF8FD88F805C1CFF7B4" box="[567,695,2042,2066]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">Asteropollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pollen
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFEBFFF8FF3FF7E3C3C0F792" box="[128,184,2076,2100]" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">types</typeStatus>
(sp. 1 and sp. 2) are also distinct in shape and size. In aperture configuration the pentachotomocolpate grains are more comparable to pollen of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEBFFF8FB6EF9C8C6B2F9E9" box="[1233,1482,1591,1615]" genus="Asteropollis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="22" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asteroides">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEBFFF8FB6EF9C8C6B2F9E9" box="[1233,1482,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">Asteropollis asteroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and pollen of extant
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFEBFFF8FB91F9A6C7CAF9D7" box="[1070,1202,1625,1649]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Hedyosmum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="22" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFEBFFF8FB91F9A6C7CAF9D7" box="[1070,1202,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="363">Hedyosmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B15FFEBFFF8FB46F9A6C0FDF935" author="Walker, J. W. &amp; Walker, A. G." pageId="22" pageNumber="363" pagination="464 - 521" refId="ref60968" refString="Walker, J. W., Walker, A. G. (1984): Ultrastructure of Lower Cretaceous angiosperm pollen and the origin and early evolution of flowering plants. - Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 71: 464 - 521. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2399035" type="journal article" year="1984">Walker and Walker 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>