461 lines
56 KiB
XML
461 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="522BD8B59608620671F69108CC3B74DB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14702682" ID-ZooBank="85B55E49-BBC7-4321-8CC4-CBD49D29ED43" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1737369721198" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vicente, Jan, Rutkowski, Emily, Lavrov, Dennis V., Martineau, Gabrielle, Timmers, Molly & Toonen, Robert J." docDate="2025" docId="03EC8C6EFFB8FC5EFF22FF2E5C60FE71" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5566.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5566 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.2.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pahua Vicente, Rutkowski, Lavrov, Martineau, Timmers & Toonen, 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="FFD5F416FFB4FC50FFB5FFB95E07FF84" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of introduced Haplosclerida and four new species from Hawaiʻi" masterLastPageNumber="272" masterPageNumber="243" pageNumber="255" updateTime="1737472663134" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E2C075D1CF7A323B4B60F2EE21885B0B">Integrative taxonomy of introduced Haplosclerida and four new species from Hawaiʻi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7BAD524FC1C1F9CF74E8CB0F5420B9FA">Vicente, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E88AAB4FF98F22B80BC5187C2044CC3F">Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Ma ̄ noa, Ka ̄ ne‘ohe, HI, 96744, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BAC4A4A9E7A52DC51674F467F23D55BD">Rutkowski, Emily</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EFEB3A055906DF3DF30EF116F81C3CFB">Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Ma ̄ noa, Ka ̄ ne‘ohe, HI, 96744, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7B3BD49E44DA2D56AF287DDABE161F4E">Lavrov, Dennis V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E31BF3FB11CFCD587613D7E51ACD4A5B">Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 343 A Bessey, IA, 50011 - 1020, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D78CFFF9E29D89F3F2FFFD0AD57439A2">Martineau, Gabrielle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F777AF196ABBB37FE6E5B681EBB6834B">Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Ma ̄ noa, Ka ̄ ne‘ohe, HI, 96744, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F2E78E59E2AA7AD6147852C1A12F5806">Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Ma ̄ noa, Ka ̄ ne‘ohe, HI, 96744, USA. & Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1E2FF5ED610003F18DFB904FB57558B0">Toonen, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03EC8C6EFFB8FC5EFF22FF2E5C60FE71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC8C6EFFB8FC5EFF22FF2E5C60FE71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC8C6EFFB8FC5EFF22FF2E5C60FE71" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
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<heading id="D0B28A14FFB8FC5CFF22FF2E5C6EFF35" bold="true" box="[151,617,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFF22FF2E5C02FF36" authorityName="Vicente & Rutkowski & Lavrov & Martineau & Timmers & Toonen" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,517,151,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pahua" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Rhizoniera">
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<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF22FF2E5F17FF36" bold="true" box="[151,272,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Haliclona</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFE94FF2E5FA0FF36" bold="true" box="[289,423,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFE0DFF2E5C02FF36" bold="true" box="[440,517,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">pahua</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2025C11FFB8FC5CFDB9FF2E5C6EFF35" box="[524,617,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C35F6EF3FFB8FC5CFF22FF025F4CFF7D" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="description">
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LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB8FC5CFF22FF665F4CFF7D" blockId="12.[151,1012,151,249]" box="[151,331,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137E21FDFFB8FC5CFF2AFF665EE3FF7D" box="[159,228,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pahua sp. nov. a, holotype BPBM C1518 (in situ); b, paratype BPBM C1531 (in situ); c, paratype BPBM C1517 (in situ). d-e, perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome in holotype BPBM C1518 and in f, paratype BPBM C1531. SEM images of oxeas in g, holotype BPBM C1518. Multiple eggs or embryos in the choanosome are indicated by white arrow in (d). Scale bars: a-c, 0.5 cm; d, 1 mm; e-f, 500 µm; g, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14702701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14702701/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<tableCitation id="C6C708C3FFB8FC5CFF5AFF665F45FF7D" box="[239,322,223,249]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[152,244,548,572]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule measurements of oxeasfor Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pahuaholotype (h)and paratypes (p). Measurements are expressed as minimum–mean (±1 standard deviation)–maximum. N=30." pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Table 3</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB8FC5CFF22FEA75C9EFEB2" blockId="12.[151,665,286,310]" box="[151,665,286,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFF22FEA75F23FEB2" ID-CoL="8ZXGX" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,292,286,310]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Haplosclerida</taxonomicName>
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sp. JV8;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFB8FC5CFE36FEA75C57FEB2" author="Vicente, J. & Timmers, M. A. & Webb, M. K. & Bahr, K. D. & Jury, C. P. & Toonen, R. J." box="[387,592,286,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" refId="ref21574" refString="Vicente, J., Timmers, M. A., Webb, M. K., Bahr, K. D., Jury, C. P. & Toonen, R. J. (2022 a) Ecological succession of the sponge cryptofauna in Hawaiian reefs add new insights to detritus production by pioneering species. Scientific Reports, 12, 15093. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 022 - 18856 - 8" type="journal volume" year="2022">
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Vicente
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<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFE62FEA65C0DFEB2" box="[471,522,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
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2022a
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFB8FC5CFDEFFEA75C9EFEB2" author="Vicente, J. & Webb, M. K. & Paulay, G. & Rakchai, W. & Timmers, M. A. & Jury, C. P. & Bahr, K. & Toonen, R. J." box="[602,665,286,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" pagination="727 - 742" refId="ref21660" refString="Vicente, J., Webb, M. K., Paulay, G., Rakchai, W., Timmers, M. A., Jury, C. P., Bahr, K. & Toonen, R. J. (2022 b) Unveiling hidden sponge biodiversity within the Hawaiian reef cryptofauna. Coral Reefs, 41, 727 - 742. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00338 - 021 - 02109 - 7" type="journal article" year="2022">2022b</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B2D3725FFB8FC5CFF22FEE65EB1FE45" collectingDate="2017-01-08" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Jan Vicente" county="Institute of Marine Biology" elevation="3" latitude="21.4334" location="mesocosms at the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.7868" municipality="Moku" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" specimenCode="C1518" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF22FEE65F0CFEFD" bold="true" box="[151,267,351,377]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
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<typeStatus id="54FE83DAFFB8FC5CFF22FEE65F01FEFD" box="[151,262,351,377]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED54A5BDFFB8FC5CFEA2FED95F62FEFE" box="[279,357,352,378]" collectionName="USA, Hawaii, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DBE39503FFB8FC5CFEC4FEE65FBAFEFE" box="[369,445,351,378]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="Museum">C1518</specimenCode>
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-ARMS in
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(HIMB),
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<location id="8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFA8AFEE65ECBFE19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC8C6EFFB8FC5EFF22FF2E5C60FE71:8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFA8AFEE65ECBFE19" county="Institute of Marine Biology" latitude="21.4334" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.7868" municipality="Moku" name="Moku o Loʻe" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Hawaii">Moku o Loʻe</location>
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(
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),
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,
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<location id="8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFDEBFE3A5CA3FE19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC8C6EFFB8FC5EFF22FF2E5C60FE71:8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFDEBFE3A5CA3FE19" box="[606,676,387,413]" county="Institute of Marine Biology" latitude="21.4334" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.7868" municipality="Moku" name="Oʻahu" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Hawaii">Oʻahu</location>
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(
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, -
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|
||
<quantity id="4CBD909DFFB8FC5CFBBBFE3A5A54FE1A" box="[1038,1107,387,414]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="0.3">
|
||
<elevation id="0068DA4BFFB8FC5CFBBBFE3A5A54FE1A" box="[1038,1107,387,414]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B058AEFFB8FC5CFB2AFE3D5B21FE19" box="[1183,1318,387,414]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Jan Vicente</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFFB1BB8FFB8FC5CFA83FE3A5EB1FE45" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2017-01-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBFE250FFB8FC5CFA83FE3A5EB1FE45" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2017-01-08">2017-08- 01</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D3725FFB8FC5CFF71FE1E5FF6FE46" box="[196,497,423,450]" collectingDate="2017-09-27" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Jan Vicente" county="Institute of Marine Biology" elevation="3" latitude="21.4334" location="mesocosms at the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.7868" municipality="Moku" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" specimenCode="C1517" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF71FE1E5F44FE45" bold="true" box="[196,323,423,449]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE83DAFFB8FC5CFF71FE1E5F39FE45" box="[196,318,423,449]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54A5BDFFB8FC5CFEF9FE115F9DFE46" box="[332,410,424,450]" collectionName="USA, Hawaii, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE39503FFB8FC5CFE11FE1E5FF6FE46" box="[420,497,423,450]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="Museum">C1517</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B2D3725FFB8FC5CFE4AFE115C64FD8D" collectingDate="2018-03-16" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Jan Vicente" county="Institute of Marine Biology" elevation="3" latitude="21.4334" location="mesocosms at the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.7868" municipality="Moku" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" specimenCode="C1531" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moku o Loʻe" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54A5BDFFB8FC5CFE4AFE115C4AFE46" box="[511,589,424,450]" collectionName="USA, Hawaii, Honolulu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE39503FFB8FC5CFDE2FE1E5CA3FE46" box="[599,676,423,450]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="Museum">C1531</specimenCode>
|
||
, ARMS in
|
||
<location id="8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFC9CFE115B9BFE45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC8C6EFFB8FC5EFF22FF2E5C60FE71:8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFC9CFE115B9BFE45" box="[809,1436,423,450]" county="Institute of Marine Biology" latitude="21.4334" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.7868" municipality="Moku" name="mesocosms at the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Moku o Loʻe">mesocosms at the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology</location>
|
||
(HIMB),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4981F39AFFB8FC5CFEB5FE725F94FE61" box="[256,403,459,486]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Moku o Loʻe</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFE15FE725C57FE61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC8C6EFFB8FC5EFF22FF2E5C60FE71:8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFE15FE725C57FE61" box="[416,592,459,485]" county="Institute of Marine Biology" latitude="21.4334" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.7868" municipality="Moku" name="Coconut Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Moku o Loʻe">Coconut Island</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFDD7FE725D04FE62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC8C6EFFB8FC5EFF22FF2E5C60FE71:8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFDD7FE725D04FE62" box="[610,771,459,486]" county="Institute of Marine Biology" latitude="21.4334" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.7868" municipality="Moku" name="Kane'ohe Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Moku o Loʻe">Kāne‘ohe Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFCBBFE725D53FE61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC8C6EFFB8FC5EFF22FF2E5C60FE71:8E9A6BA3FFB8FC5CFCBBFE725D53FE61" box="[782,852,459,485]" county="Institute of Marine Biology" latitude="21.4334" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-157.7868" municipality="Moku" name="Oʻahu" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Moku o Loʻe">Oʻahu</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE715BBFFFB8FC5CFCD4FE725DE4FE62" box="[865,995,459,486]" degrees="21.4334" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" precision="5" value="21.4334">21.4334 °N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE715BBFFFB8FC5CFC4DFE725A88FE62" box="[1016,1167,459,486]" degrees="157.7868" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" precision="5" value="-157.7868">157.7868 °W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD909DFFB8FC5CFB13FE725AD4FE62" box="[1190,1235,459,486]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="3.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0068DA4BFFB8FC5CFB13FE725AD4FE62" box="[1190,1235,459,486]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B058AEFFB8FC5CFAA0FE755B9FFE61" box="[1301,1432,459,486]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Jan Vicente</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBFE250FFB8FC5CFF22FE565FD4FD8D" box="[151,467,495,521]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<date id="FFFB1BB8FFB8FC5CFF22FE565F1DFD8D" box="[151,282,495,521]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2017-09-27">2017-09-27</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFFB1BB8FFB8FC5CFEE5FE565FD4FD8D" box="[336,467,495,521]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2018-03-16">2018-03-16</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
respectively
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6EF3FFB8FC5CFF72FDAA5D79FDF2" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB8FC5CFF72FDAA5D79FDF2" blockId="12.[151,1437,351,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF72FDAA5F45FDA9" bold="true" box="[199,322,531,557]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A soft, compressible solitary mound shaped
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFC8DFDAA5A3BFDA9" authorityName="Griessinger" authorityYear="1971" box="[824,1084,531,557]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rhizoniera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFC8DFDAA5DAFFDA9" box="[824,936,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFC0DFDAA5A34FDA9" box="[952,1075,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with apical oscula, light brown in color, that has a skeleton exclusively composed of oxeas (75–151 x 3–5 µm) arranged in unispicular, anisotropic, ascending ladder-like reticulation and the absence of an ectosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6EF3FFB8FC5EFF72FDC65EF7FEC5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB8FC5CFF72FDC65F4CFCC9" blockId="12.[151,1437,351,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF72FDC65FE7FD1D" bold="true" box="[199,480,639,665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
Description (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E21FDFFB8FC5CFED7FDC65FD4FD1D" box="[354,467,639,665]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pahua sp. nov. a, holotype BPBM C1518 (in situ); b, paratype BPBM C1531 (in situ); c, paratype BPBM C1517 (in situ). d-e, perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome in holotype BPBM C1518 and in f, paratype BPBM C1531. SEM images of oxeas in g, holotype BPBM C1518. Multiple eggs or embryos in the choanosome are indicated by white arrow in (d). Scale bars: a-c, 0.5 cm; d, 1 mm; e-f, 500 µm; g, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14702701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14702701/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Fig. 6a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Thickly encrusting solitary, circular, mounds less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD909DFFB8FC5CFBE3FDC65A88FD1E" box="[1110,1167,639,666]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height and diameter. Surface is smooth but slightly hispid and somewhat punctate. Oscula are circular,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD909DFFB8FC5CFBABFD1A5A89FD3A" box="[1054,1166,675,702]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, and are flush with the surface. There is one osculum per sponge individual. Color of live specimens varies from light to darker shades of brown. Same color pattern is observed in the interior and exterior of the sponge. Consistency is compressible with delicate elasticity. Embryos measuring 150–165 µm in diameter were spotted deep in the choanosome of BPBM C1518 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E21FDFFB8FC5CFF44FC8A5F39FCC9" box="[241,318,819,845]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pahua sp. nov. a, holotype BPBM C1518 (in situ); b, paratype BPBM C1531 (in situ); c, paratype BPBM C1517 (in situ). d-e, perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome in holotype BPBM C1518 and in f, paratype BPBM C1531. SEM images of oxeas in g, holotype BPBM C1518. Multiple eggs or embryos in the choanosome are indicated by white arrow in (d). Scale bars: a-c, 0.5 cm; d, 1 mm; e-f, 500 µm; g, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14702701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14702701/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Fig 6d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB8FC5CFF72FCEE5C2FFBE9" blockId="12.[151,1437,351,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF72FCEE5FC2FCF5" bold="true" box="[199,453,855,881]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
Skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E21FDFFB8FC5CFEF7FCEE5FB0FCF5" box="[322,439,855,881]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pahua sp. nov. a, holotype BPBM C1518 (in situ); b, paratype BPBM C1531 (in situ); c, paratype BPBM C1517 (in situ). d-e, perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome in holotype BPBM C1518 and in f, paratype BPBM C1531. SEM images of oxeas in g, holotype BPBM C1518. Multiple eggs or embryos in the choanosome are indicated by white arrow in (d). Scale bars: a-c, 0.5 cm; d, 1 mm; e-f, 500 µm; g, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14702701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14702701/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Fig. 6d–f</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ectosome is not specialized. Choanosome is unispicular, mainly anisotropic where primary lines are connected irregularly by secondary lines (120–130 µm in length). There is some disorganization in areas of the choanosome where the skeleton is subisotropic with isodictyal reticulation. Continuous connection of primary and secondary lines results in an ascending ladder like pattern, of triangular (80–100 µm) or polygonal (140–160 µm) meshes (µm) visible from deep in the choanosome. Secondary lines are absent at the sponge surface resulting in a hispid projection of a single, or a bundle of up to three oxeas. Choanosomal spaces (220–370 µm in diameter) are present but rare. Scarce amounts of spongin is present throughout the choanosome and at the nodes. Small auxiliary oxeas are abundant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB8FC5CFF72FBCE5EC3FB32" blockId="12.[151,1437,351,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF72FBCE5C0EFB15" bold="true" box="[199,521,1143,1169]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
Spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E21FDFFB8FC5CFE8FFBCE5F97FB15" box="[314,400,1143,1169]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,190,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pahua sp. nov. a, holotype BPBM C1518 (in situ); b, paratype BPBM C1531 (in situ); c, paratype BPBM C1517 (in situ). d-e, perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome in holotype BPBM C1518 and in f, paratype BPBM C1531. SEM images of oxeas in g, holotype BPBM C1518. Multiple eggs or embryos in the choanosome are indicated by white arrow in (d). Scale bars: a-c, 0.5 cm; d, 1 mm; e-f, 500 µm; g, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14702701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14702701/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD909DFFB8FC5CFEC4FBCE5F97FB15" box="[369,400,1143,1169]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="g" value="6.0">6g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C708C3FFB8FC5CFE2BFBCE5FFDFB15" box="[414,506,1143,1169]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[152,244,548,572]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule measurements of oxeasfor Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pahuaholotype (h)and paratypes (p). Measurements are expressed as minimum–mean (±1 standard deviation)–maximum. N=30." pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Oxeas straight and curved at the center with hastate tips 75–129–151 x 3–4.1–5 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB8FC5CFF72FB065FD5FAED" blockId="12.[151,1437,351,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF72FB065FBAFB5D" bold="true" box="[199,445,1215,1241]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Habitat and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens were collected from ARMS inside mesocosms supplied with unfiltered flow through seawater at the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4981F39AFFB8FC5CFE16FB5A5FFAFB79" box="[419,509,1251,1277]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) in Moku o Loʻe (Coconut Island). During the same period specimens were absent from ARMS on a reef surrounded by a climax sponge community throughout a 2-year monitoring period (Sup.
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E21FDFFB8FC5CFD92FA925C7AFAC1" box="[551,637,1323,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[252,1336,188,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-32@6.[232,1356,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal architecture of Haliclona (Gellius) loe sp. nov. Perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome in a, holotype BPBM C1523; b, paratype BPBM C1549; c, paratype BPBM C1673; close up of the choanosome in d–e paratype BPBP C1534. Light microscopy images in f, oxeas of paratype BPBM 1533 SEM images in g, oxeas and h, sigmas of holotype BPBM C1523. Scale bars: a–b, 500 µm; c, 250 µm; d–e, 100 µm; f–g, 50 μm; h, 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14702693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14702693/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
Fig. S
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD909DFFB8FC5CFDDAFA925C7AFAC1" box="[623,637,1323,1349]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="in" value="3.0">3</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFB8FC5CFD1FFA925DA2FAC1" author="Vicente, J. & Timmers, M. A. & Webb, M. K. & Bahr, K. D. & Jury, C. P. & Toonen, R. J." box="[682,933,1323,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" refId="ref21574" refString="Vicente, J., Timmers, M. A., Webb, M. K., Bahr, K. D., Jury, C. P. & Toonen, R. J. (2022 a) Ecological succession of the sponge cryptofauna in Hawaiian reefs add new insights to detritus production by pioneering species. Scientific Reports, 12, 15093. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 022 - 18856 - 8" type="journal volume" year="2022">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFCBEFA955D4EFAC1" box="[779,841,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2022a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Presence of embryos supports viviparous reproduction in this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB8FC5CFF72FACA5C81F90E" blockId="12.[151,1437,351,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF72FACA5FBBFA09" bold="true" box="[199,444,1395,1421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The unispicular, anisotropic, choanosomal skeleton of the new species conforms to some of the characters defined for
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFE5CFA215FFAFA35" box="[489,509,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFDA2FA215C77FA35" box="[535,624,1432,1457]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Reniera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFDA2FA215C77FA35" box="[535,624,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Reniera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFD3FFA215C99FA35" box="[650,670,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFD0CFA2E5D2EFA35" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1841" box="[697,809,1431,1457]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFD0CFA2E5D2EFA35" box="[697,809,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFCDAFA215D84FA35" box="[879,899,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFC28FA2E5A1FFA35" box="[925,1048,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
). Nevertheless, the connection of primary and secondary lines in the new species is irregular, discarding
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFC61FA055DEFFA51" box="[980,1000,1468,1493]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFBB6FA025A74FA51" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1841" box="[1027,1139,1467,1493]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFBB6FA025A74FA51" box="[1027,1139,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as an ideal match, since species in this subgenus have a very regular, ladder like reticulation. Species belonging to
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFB34FA595A92FA7D" box="[1153,1173,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFB19FA595B02FA7D" box="[1196,1285,1504,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="251" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Reniera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFB19FA595B02FA7D" box="[1196,1285,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Reniera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have a more isotropic organization of oxeas rather than anisotropic and reticulation is also very regular. Therefore, all characters of the new species are preferably supported by the definition of
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFCC8F9915D96F9C5" box="[893,913,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFC1EF99E5A21F9C5" box="[939,1062,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
) which includes species with an anisotropic, ladder-like choanosomal organization of oxeas, with primary lines connected irregularly by secondary lines and the usual absence of the ectosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB8FC5CFF72F92A5F71F82D" blockId="12.[151,1437,351,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
There are currently no
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFE76F92D5FD0F929" box="[451,471,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFE5BF92A5C6EF929" box="[494,617,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
) spp. reported for the Northern or Central Pacific but the thick encrusting, morphology of the new species with oxeas measuring 75–151 x 3–5 µm match other congenerics. These include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFA34F9015C6CF971" authority="(Lendenfeld 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Lendenfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis" subGenus="Rhizoniera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFA34F9015B92F955" box="[1409,1429,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF14F9625F1BF971" box="[161,284,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFE98F9625F88F971" box="[301,399,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">australis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFB8FC5CFE2AF9625C64F971" author="Lendenfeld, R. von" box="[415,611,1755,1781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" refId="ref19362" refString="Lendenfeld, R. von. (1888) Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sidney. Taylor and Francis, London, 120 pp." type="book" year="1888">Lendenfeld 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527DE8FFB8FC5CFCBBF9625D7FF971" box="[782,888,1755,1781]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFC31F9655B9BF971" authority="(van Soest 1980)" baseAuthorityName="van Soest" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[900,1436,1755,1781]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="curacaoensis" subGenus="Rhizoniera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFC31F9655DA7F971" box="[900,928,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFC07F9625A2AF971" box="[946,1069,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFB8AF9655AD4F971" box="[1087,1235,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFB8FC5CFB56F9625B93F971" author="van Soest, R. W. M." box="[1251,1428,1755,1781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref20525" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. & van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104, Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), pp. 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1980">van Soest 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Caribbean,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFE3CF8B95FA2F89D" box="[393,421,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFE0DF9465FF5F89D" box="[440,498,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhiz.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFDB0F9465C63F89D" box="[517,612,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">enamela</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFB8FC5CFDDBF9465D5EF89D" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[622,857,1791,1817]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref19139" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. (Abstracts of dissertations for the degree of doctor of philosophy). Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Eastern Pacific,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFB3AF8B95F73F8BA" authority="Muricy et al., 2015" authorityName="Muricy" authorityYear="2015" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fugidia" subGenus="Rhizoniera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFB3AF8B95AACF89D" box="[1167,1195,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFB0BF9465B3EF89D" box="[1214,1337,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFAF8F9465B9BF89D" box="[1357,1436,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">fugidia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFB8FC5CFF22F89A5F73F8BA" author="Muricy, G. & Esteves, E. L. & Monteiro, L. C. & Rodrigues, B. R. & Albano, R. M." box="[151,372,1827,1854]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" pagination="536 - 550" refId="ref19509" refString="Muricy, G., Esteves, E. L., Monteiro, L. C., Rodrigues, B. R. & Albano, R. M. (2015) A new species of Haliclona (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida: Chalinidae) from Southeastern Brazil and the first record of Haliclona vansoesti from the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa, 3925 (4), 536 - 550. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3925.4.3" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFF47F89D5F2BF8B9" box="[242,300,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527DE8FFB8FC5CFE09F89A5C04F8B9" box="[444,515,1827,1853]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFDA5F89D5D52F8B9" authorityName="Bispo, Willenz & Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[528,853,1827,1853]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="manglarensi" subGenus="Rhizoniera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFDA5F89D5C2BF8B9" box="[528,556,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFD88F89A5CBFF8B9" box="[573,696,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFD7FF89A5D52F8B9" box="[714,853,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">manglarensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFC3AF89D5B9AF8B9" authority="(Bispo et al., 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Bispo" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[911,1437,1827,1854]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zanabriai" subGenus="Rhizoniera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFC3AF89D5DACF8B9" box="[911,939,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFC08F89A5A3FF8B9" box="[957,1080,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFBFFF89A5AB2F8B9" box="[1098,1205,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">zanabriai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFB8FC5CFB73F89A5B92F8B9" author="Bispo, A. & Willenz, P. & Hajdu, E." box="[1222,1429,1827,1854]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" pagination="201 - 252" refId="ref16919" refString="Bispo, A., Willenz, P. & Hajdu, E. (2022) Diving into the unknown: fourteen new species of haplosclerid sponges (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) revealed along the Peruvian coast (Southeastern Pacific). Zootaxa, 5087 (2), 201 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5087.2.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Bispo
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFAA4F89D5B4CF8B9" box="[1297,1355,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527DE8FFB8FC5CFF61F8F15F0DF8E6" box="[212,266,1864,1890]" name="Peru" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFEF1F8F15CFBF8E5" authority="(Topsent 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[324,764,1863,1889]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="viscosa" subGenus="Rhizoniera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFEF1F8F15F67F8E5" box="[324,352,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFEDAF8FE5FEDF8E5" box="[367,490,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFE4FF8F15C4BF8E5" box="[506,588,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">viscosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFB8FC5CFDEFF8FE5CF3F8E5" author="Topsent, E." box="[602,756,1863,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref21238" refString="Topsent, E. (1888) Contribution a l'etude des Clionides. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale Title. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, supplement 2 (5 bis) memoir IV, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1888">Topsent 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Northeast Atlantic (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C708C3FFB8FC5CFBF1F8FE5AA1F8E5" box="[1092,1190,1863,1889]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,243,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of oxeas for Haliclona (Reniera) kahoe holotype (h) and paratypes (p). Measurements are expressed as minimum–mean (±1 standard deviation)–maximum. N=50." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3A6DF0FFBFFC5BFF22FF2E5DC3FF57" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" tableUuid="DF3A6DF0FFBFFC5BFF22FF2E5DC3FF57">Table S2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Conversely, none of these species grow in the shape of a solitary mound with a single apical oscula, making this a diagnostic character for the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB8FC5EFF72F80A5EF7FEC5" blockId="12.[151,1437,351,2034]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
|
||
Within unknown subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB8FC5CFD90F80A5C92F849" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1841" box="[549,661,1971,1997]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB8FC5CFD90F80A5C92F849" box="[549,661,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are ~ 30 species worldwide which share oxea lengths between 75–151 μm or an average length of oxeas between 125–130 µm. Most of these species can be discarded as possible matches, based on their massive, branching, growth forms or mismatching color and the presence of multispiculated fibers. Among species sharing similar spicule lengths, growth morphology and color of unknown subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFBAFC5EFF22FF665F3BFF7D" box="[151,316,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFBAFC5EFF22FF665F00FF7D" box="[151,263,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFBAFC5EFEDEFF665CC1FF7D" authority="Bergquist, 1961" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1961" box="[363,710,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="isodictyalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFBAFC5EFEDEFF665C0AFF7D" box="[363,525,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">H. isodictyalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFBAFC5EFDA1FF665CC1FF7D" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[532,710,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" pagination="33 - 48" refId="ref16457" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1961) A collection of Porifera from Northern New Zealand, with Descriptions of Seventeen New Species. Pacific Science, 15, 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="1961">Bergquist, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFBAFC5EFD49FF665A5EFF7D" authority="Hoshino, 1981" authorityName="Hoshino" authorityYear="1981" box="[764,1113,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sasajimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFBAFC5EFD49FF665DABFF7C" box="[764,940,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">H. sasajimensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44089FFBAFC5EFC07FF665A5EFF7D" author="Hoshino, T." box="[946,1113,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" pagination="47 - 205" refId="ref18504" refString="Hoshino, T. (1981) Shallow-Water Demosponges of Western Japan, 1. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (B), 29, 47 - 205." type="journal article" year="1981">Hoshino, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species still differs from these in the presence of the anisotropic ladder like arrangement of the choanosome which is absent in both species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3A6DF0FFB9FC5DFF22F8DD5A38F86D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14702701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14702701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14702701/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" startId="13.[151,250,1892,1916]" targetBox="[160,1427,190,1859]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFB9FC5DFF22F8DD5A38F86D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1892,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB9FC5DFF22F8DD5F13F8F8" bold="true" box="[151,276,1892,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFB9FC5DFEAEF8DD5C4AF8F8" authorityName="Vicente & Rutkowski & Lavrov & Martineau & Timmers & Toonen" authorityYear="2025" box="[283,589,1892,1916]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pahua" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Rhizoniera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB9FC5DFEAEF8DD5F87F8F8" box="[283,384,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB9FC5DFE25F8DD5FF8F8F8" box="[400,511,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB9FC5DFDBBF8DD5C4AF8F8" box="[526,589,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">pahua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFB9FC5DFDE0F8DD5CA1F8F8" bold="true" box="[597,678,1892,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2025C11FFB9FC5DFDE0F8DD5CA1F8F8" box="[597,678,1892,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a, holotype BPBM C1518 (in situ); b, paratype BPBM C1531 (in situ); c, paratype BPBM C1517 (in situ). d-e, perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome in holotype BPBM C1518 and in f, paratype BPBM C1531. SEM images of oxeas in g, holotype BPBM C1518. Multiple eggs or embryos in the choanosome are indicated by white arrow in (d). Scale bars: a-c, 0.5 cm; d, 1 mm; e-f, 500 µm; g, 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6EF3FFBAFC5EFF72FEF35B3BFEE1" box="[199,1340,330,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFBAFC5EFF72FEF35B3BFEE1" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[199,1340,330,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFBAFC5EFF72FEF35FBAFEE0" bold="true" box="[199,445,330,356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E21FDFFBAFC5EFEDDFEF35FA8FEE0" box="[360,431,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,252,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,573,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-178@5.[151,1436,561,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. In situ growth variations of Haliclona (Gellius) loe sp. nov. a. holotype BPBM C1523 in situ; b. Embryos in the mesohyl of holotype BPBM C1523 indicated by white arrows. c. Six-month recruit of paratype BPBM 1533. d. paratype BPBP C1534. e. One year recruit of paratype BPBM C1549. f. paratype BPBM C1673. g. paratype BPBM C1672. Scale bars: a, 1 cm; b, 0.5 cm; c-g, 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14702688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14702688/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Moku o Loʻe (Coconut Island), Kāne‘ohe Bay on the island of Oʻahu,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4981F39AFFBAFC5EFB6FFEF25B3FFEE1" box="[1242,1336,331,357]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Hawaiʻi</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6EF3FFBAFC5EFF72FED65C60FE71" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3D78FFBAFC5EFF72FED65C60FE71" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFBAFC5EFF72FED65F49FE0D" bold="true" box="[199,334,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The given name is based on Lo‘e and Kahoe’s brother Pahu a selfish fisherman who was reluctant to share his catch even though his brother provided him with crops. We use the feminine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFBAFC5EFB00FE2A5AFCFE29" authorityName="Vicente & Rutkowski & Lavrov & Martineau & Timmers & Toonen" authorityYear="2025" box="[1205,1275,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pahua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFBAFC5EFB00FE2A5AFCFE29" box="[1205,1275,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">pahua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
following the feminine gender of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4546FBFFBAFC5EFEC6FE0E5FE4FE55" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1841" box="[371,483,439,465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931E16AFFBAFC5EFEC6FE0E5FE4FE55" box="[371,483,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Article 31.2 of the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (http://www. iczn.org/, accessed on
|
||
<date id="FFFB1BB8FFBAFC5EFE26FE625C5BFE71" box="[403,604,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" value="2023-10-16">October 16, 2023</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |