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<mods:title id="F3A6F7566ADB0BC746B7B77E2E1E2FB0">The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Suriname including the description of two new species, five new combinations, and three new records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CFF9BB1AF0C323C594CC5B6B9E936BF6">Sanborn, Allen F.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D454041292713FDFD55F001FCC1" ID-CoL="77YCX" authority="(Olivier, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[151,549,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Proarna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverea">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD44041292713FDFD55F001FCC1" bold="true" box="[151,549,762,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD44041292713FDFD55F348FCC0" bold="true" box="[151,364,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Proarna pulverea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B37404129271211FD54F039FCC1" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[379,541,762,788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="735 - 760" refId="ref20745" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1790) Cigale, Cicada. Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelles Insectes, 5, 735 - 760." type="journal article" year="1790">Olivier, 1790</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436C64041292713FDFC91F048FC82" blockId="13.[151,620,831,855]" box="[151,620,831,855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5B11E84041292713FDFC91F048FC82" box="[151,620,831,855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">
<treatmentCitation id="0AEA10D74041292713FDFC91F3D8FC82" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[151,508,831,855]" page="759" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" year="1790">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D454041292713FDFC91F3D8FC82" ID-CoL="V64W" authority="Olivier, 1790" authorityName="Olivier" authorityPageNumber="759" authorityYear="1790" box="[151,508,831,855]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverea">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD44041292713FDFC91F31BFC82" box="[151,319,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Cicada pulverea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B3740412927122FFC91F3D8FC82" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[325,508,831,855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="735 - 760" refId="ref20745" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1790) Cigale, Cicada. Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelles Insectes, 5, 735 - 760." type="journal article" year="1790">Olivier 1790: 759</bibRefCitation>
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. (
<collectingCountry id="F35C7656404129271166FC91F041FC82" box="[524,613,831,855]" name="Suriname" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Surinam</collectingCountry>
)
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351654D4041292713FDFC2BF0C4F999" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF436C64041292713FDFC2BF077FB49" blockId="13.[151,1437,901,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD44041292713FDFC2BF32FFC4A" bold="true" box="[151,267,901,927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Remarks.</emphasis>
As was customary at the time,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B37404129271106FC2BF105FC4A" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[620,801,901,927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="735 - 760" refId="ref20745" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1790) Cigale, Cicada. Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelles Insectes, 5, 735 - 760." type="journal article" year="1790">Oliviers (1790)</bibRefCitation>
original description was short and did not provide many details of the species. The powdery cicada was described in Latin as a whitish-gray cicada with the thorax and abdomen sprinkled with whitish powder. The additional comments in French suggest a striped, ash-gray animal, transparent wings without spots, a blackish abdomen, and the body covered with a bluish-white dust (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B37404129271797FC5FF7B4FBDE" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[1277,1424,1009,1035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="735 - 760" refId="ref20745" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1790) Cigale, Cicada. Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelles Insectes, 5, 735 - 760." type="journal article" year="1790">Olivier 1790</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B374041292713FDFBBBF31DFBFA" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[151,313,1045,1071]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="735 - 760" refId="ref20745" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1790) Cigale, Cicada. Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelles Insectes, 5, 735 - 760." type="journal article" year="1790">Olivier (1790)</bibRefCitation>
compares the size of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D45404129271159FBB8F092FBFA" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1790" box="[563,694,1045,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverea">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD4404129271159FBB8F092FBFA" box="[563,694,1045,1072]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">C. pulverea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to his
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D4540412927106FFBB8F63EFBFA" authority="Olivier, 1790" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1790" box="[773,1050,1045,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garrula">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD440412927106FFBB8F158FBFA" box="[773,892,1045,1072]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">C. garrula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B374041292710EEFBBBF63EFBFA" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[900,1050,1045,1071]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="735 - 760" refId="ref20745" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1790) Cigale, Cicada. Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelles Insectes, 5, 735 - 760." type="journal article" year="1790">Olivier, 1790</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D4540412927170EFBBBF2C1FB81" authority="(Fabricius, 1775))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Quintilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catena">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD440412927170EFBBBF738FBFA" box="[1124,1308,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Quintilia catena</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B37404129271641FBBBF2F6FB81" author="Fabricius, J. C." pageId="13" pageNumber="466" refId="ref18423" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis, synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. In Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae. 832 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 137098" type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B37404129271385FB97F34FFB81" author="Stal, C." box="[239,363,1081,1108]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref23480" refString="Stal, C. (1866) Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana, 4, 1 - 276, pl. 1. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8566" type="journal article" year="1866">Stål (1866)</bibRefCitation>
gives body measurements of body size of
<quantity id="4CB39B23404129271028FB97F19FFB81" box="[834,955,1081,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="20.0">2023 mm</quantity>
and wing span of
<quantity id="4CB39B234041292717EEFB97F6D8FB81" box="[1156,1276,1081,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">5060 mm</quantity>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D45404129271643FB94F7B2FB86" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1321,1430,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Quintilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catena">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD4404129271643FB94F7B2FB86" box="[1321,1430,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Q. catena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is slightly larger than
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D454041292712A8FBF0F0E2FBA2" authority="Sanborn, 2020" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="2020" box="[450,710,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Proarna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proximorubrovenosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD44041292712A8FBF0F0E2FBA2" box="[450,710,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">P. proximorubrovenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93FEAD44041292711A6FBF3F12EFBA2" bold="true" box="[716,778,1117,1143]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57AF4041292711A6FBF3F12EFBA2" box="[716,778,1117,1143]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and body length is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D4540412927173FFBF0F6E5FBA2" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="2020" box="[1109,1217,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Proarna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivieri">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD440412927173FFBF0F6E5FBA2" box="[1109,1217,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">P. olivieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
although
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D4540412927165AFBF0F7B8FBA2" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="2020" box="[1328,1436,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Proarna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivieri">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD440412927165AFBF0F7B8FBA2" box="[1328,1436,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">P. olivieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a greater wing span (about
<quantity id="4CB39B2340412927129EFB2FF063FB49" box="[500,583,1153,1180]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436C64041292713ADFB0BF098FA6E" blockId="13.[151,1437,901,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B374041292713ADFB0BF34CFB6A" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[199,360,1189,1215]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" refId="ref20770" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1797) Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique des Trois Regnes de la Nature. Dix-Huitieme Partie. Insectes. Hemri Agasse, Paris, 268 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7834" type="book" year="1797">Olivier (1797)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B374041292712CAFB0BF051FB15" author="Waterhouse, C. O." box="[416,629,1189,1216]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="168" refId="ref24163" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1886) Carineta obtusa, Tympanoterpes elegans, Tympanoterpes arechavaleatae, Proarna capistrata, Proarna pulverea. Aid to the Identification of Insects, 26, pl. 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7924" type="journal article" year="1886">Waterhouse (1886)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D4540412927119EFB08F155FB6A" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1790" box="[756,881,1189,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverea">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD440412927119EFB08F155FB6A" box="[756,881,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">P. pulverea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The drawing of
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B37404129271759FB0BF72DFB15" author="Waterhouse, C. O." box="[1075,1289,1189,1216]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="168" refId="ref24163" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1886) Carineta obtusa, Tympanoterpes elegans, Tympanoterpes arechavaleatae, Proarna capistrata, Proarna pulverea. Aid to the Identification of Insects, 26, pl. 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7924" type="journal article" year="1886">Waterhouse (1886)</bibRefCitation>
shows much more detail than the crude drawing of
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B37404129271129FB67F0C3FB36" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[579,743,1225,1251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" refId="ref20770" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1797) Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique des Trois Regnes de la Nature. Dix-Huitieme Partie. Insectes. Hemri Agasse, Paris, 268 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7834" type="book" year="1797">Olivier (1797)</bibRefCitation>
. Although the description lists transparent wings as characteristic of the species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B37404129271218FB43F022FAD2" author="Olivier, G. A." box="[370,518,1261,1287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="735 - 760" refId="ref20745" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1790) Cigale, Cicada. Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelles Insectes, 5, 735 - 760." type="journal article" year="1790">Olivier 1790</bibRefCitation>
), there appear to be small spots of infuscation on some of the fore wing crossveins and on the ambient vien in
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B374041292712B8FABFF09FFAF9" author="Waterhouse, C. O." box="[466,699,1297,1324]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="168" refId="ref24163" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1886) Carineta obtusa, Tympanoterpes elegans, Tympanoterpes arechavaleatae, Proarna capistrata, Proarna pulverea. Aid to the Identification of Insects, 26, pl. 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7924" type="journal article" year="1886">Waterhouses (1886)</bibRefCitation>
drawing. The species is similar in general appearance to several
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D454041292713FDFA98F2D1FA9A" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,245,1334,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Proarna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD44041292713FDFA98F2D1FA9A" box="[151,245,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Proarna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species but can be distinguished by the posteriorly widening longitudinal fascia on either side of the pronotal midline, transverse abdominal fascia, lack of infuscation on proximal fore wing apical cell 1 and distal veins between apical cells, strongly curved origin of radius anterior 2, lack of curvature in distal veins separating apical cells, and the fore wing length about 2.9X width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436C64041292713ADFA6BF0C4F999" blockId="13.[151,1437,901,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">
The remaining
<collectingCountry id="F35C7656404129271219FA6BF3FAFA0A" box="[371,478,1477,1503]" name="Suriname" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Suriname</collectingCountry>
species of the genus can be distinguished using the above characters. In addition, the fore wing length is about 3.15X width in
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D4540412927110BFA44F141F9D6" authority="Sanborn, 2020" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="2020" box="[609,869,1513,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Proarna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proximorubrovenosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD440412927110BFA44F141F9D6" box="[609,869,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">P. proximorubrovenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93FEAD4404129271006FA47F18EF9D6" bold="true" box="[876,938,1513,1539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57AF404129271006FA47F18EF9D6" box="[876,938,1513,1539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and the larger wing span (about
<quantity id="4CB39B2340412927167FFA47F74CF9D1" box="[1301,1384,1513,1540]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 mm</quantity>
), the strongly curved base of the costal margin, fore wing apical cells longer than ulnar cells, and fore wing length about 3.25X width distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D454041292712C6F99CF03DF99E" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="2020" box="[428,537,1585,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Proarna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivieri">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD44041292712C6F99CF03DF99E" box="[428,537,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">P. olivieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D45404129271137F99CF0FDF99E" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1790" box="[605,729,1585,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverea">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD4404129271137F99CF0FDF99E" box="[605,729,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">P. pulverea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351654D4041292713ADF9FBF378F96D" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF436C64041292713ADF9FBF378F96D" blockId="13.[151,1437,901,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="B93FEAD44041292713ADF9FBF345F9BA" bold="true" box="[199,353,1621,1647]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Distribution.</emphasis>
The species has been reported from
<collectingCountry id="F35C765640412927106CF9FBF15CF9BA" box="[774,888,1621,1647]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C76564041292710EFF9FBF1E8F9BA" box="[901,972,1621,1647]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C76564041292710B3F9FBF615F9BA" box="[985,1073,1621,1647]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C7656404129271755F9FBF689F9BA" box="[1087,1197,1621,1647]" name="Suriname" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Suriname</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C76564041292717D0F9F8F739F9A5" box="[1210,1309,1622,1648]" name="Uruguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
, and South America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B3740412927126CF9D7F38BF946" author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[262,431,1657,1683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="1 - 585" refId="ref20456" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 a) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section I. Tibiceninae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, i-vii + 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1963">Metcalf 1963a</bibRefCitation>
; Sanborn 2013;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B3740412927110DF9D7F154F946" author="Sanborn, A. F. &amp; Heath, M. S." box="[615,880,1657,1683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref22536" refString="Sanborn, A. F. &amp; Heath, M. S. (2014) The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Zootaxa, 3883 (1), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3883.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014</bibRefCitation>
). The references to
<collectingCountry id="F35C7656404129271727F9D7F687F946" box="[1101,1187,1657,1683]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="466">Mexico</collectingCountry>
have been questioned (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B374041292713F5F933F374F96D" author="Sanborn, A. F." box="[159,336,1693,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="466" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref21073" refString="Sanborn, A. F. (2007 b) New species, new records and checklist of cicadas from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Zootaxa, 1651 (1), 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1651.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Sanborn 2007b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>