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<document id="71529780AAC4B0276AF5BEAD0D5A7F4C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5543.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386271" ID-ZooBank="5672CC43-ADA1-44F8-8E6A-08F1BD1E2F10" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1733918488437" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vaulin, Oleg V., Petrozhitskaya, Liudmila V. &amp; Novgorodova, Tatiana A." docDate="2024" docId="03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5543.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5543 (3)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simulium reptans, s.l." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="338" masterDocId="FFF42A65FFE8817FFF8C4E08FFD0800D" masterDocTitle="Genetic diversity of populations of Simulium reptans s. l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the territory of Russia and Northern Kazakhstan" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="329" pageNumber="336" updateTime="1734445985436" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="83CB740056B669B844DB9A592E5D9F66">Genetic diversity of populations of Simulium reptans s. l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the territory of Russia and Northern Kazakhstan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8951E7F67C3D5477EAF8BA40AA803125">Vaulin, Oleg V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="96B2B049877B17B8BD75B2EF68196F0F">Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia. &amp; Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B19D7AF78A1A7EC73AF7BCDED0DB1809">Petrozhitskaya, Liudmila V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EC9BE84CB92ADD570C1F3151D37CE508" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6201-0368</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D3C3C8B091BF5473F691CCE7817466C4">Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="356FEEC2B22A9501B8D5D21812B674C3" type="email">lusiapetr@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9362ADD5FDE1ECF84B6CB5E60EE9F2D0">Novgorodova, Tatiana A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BBE09770677073DC55F9725E1420AE2D">Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C531813EEF9B9B61DC7BDEDE862A93F4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DA842A9C76E3B2B0C3F9933762E47567">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">
<subSubSection id="C37EB080FFEF8178FF1B4A50FAD6847F" box="[151,1286,1111,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFEF8178FF1B4A50FAD6847F" blockId="7.[151,1286,1111,1138]" box="[151,1286,1111,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">
<heading id="D0935467FFEF8178FF1B4A50FAD6847F" bold="true" box="[151,1286,1111,1138]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FF1B4A50FAD6847F" bold="true" box="[151,1286,1111,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">
The features of the genetic structure of population of black flies of the
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FB894A5FFB0E847F" ID-CoL="8DYX9" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1029,1246,1111,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FB894A5FFB0E847F" bold="true" box="[1029,1246,1111,1138]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Simulium reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2238262FFEF8178FB694A50FAD6847F" box="[1253,1286,1112,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFEF8177FF1B4AA8FE37814C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1184,2039]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FF1B4AA8FF1384B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FF1B4AA8FF1384B7" box="[151,195,1184,1210]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Our" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Our</location>
results, information from other researchers (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF59EFAFFEF8178FD364AA8FC4184B7" author="Kudela, M. &amp; Bruderova, T. &amp; Jedlicka, L. &amp; Bernotiene, R. &amp; Celec, P. &amp; Szemes, T." box="[698,913,1184,1210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" pagination="301 - 17" refId="ref8654" refString="Kudela, M., Bruderova, T., Jedlicka, L., Bernotiene, R., Celec, P. &amp; Szemes, T. (2014) The identity and genetic characterization of Simulium reptans (Diptera: Simuliidae) from central and northern Europe. Zootaxa, 3802 (3), 301 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3802.3.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Kúdela
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FC984AA9FC9D84B7" box="[788,845,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF59EFAFFEF8178FC104AA8FBE084B7" author="Duknic, J." box="[924,1072,1184,1210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" refId="ref8197" refString="Duknic, J. (2023) Diversity and genetic variability of the Simuliidae family (Insecta: Diptera) in the area of the Balkan Peninsula [dissertation]. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, 107 pp." type="book" year="2023">Đuknić 2023</bibRefCitation>
) and the DNA database indicate significant spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FC894ACCFCA784D3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[773,887,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FC894ACCFCA784D3" box="[773,887,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FC0B4ACCFC6384D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FC0B4ACCFC6384D3" box="[903,947,1220,1246]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">The</location>
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FC314ACCFBFF84D3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[957,1071,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FC314ACCFBFF84D3" box="[957,1071,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A form is distributed relatively locally in
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FE834AE0FDD7850F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FE834AE0FDD7850F" box="[271,519,1256,1283]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="northern Europe. The" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">northern Europe. The</location>
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FD9D4AE0FD54850F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[529,644,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FD9D4AE0FD54850F" box="[529,644,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B form is widespread throughout
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FB904AE0FBA4850F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FB904AE0FBA4850F" box="[1052,1140,1256,1282]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Eurasia" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Eurasia</location>
: from the
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FB7D4AE0FAAB850F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FB7D4AE0FAAB850F" box="[1265,1403,1256,1282]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="British Isles" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">British Isles</location>
to
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FF1B4B05FE94852B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FF1B4B05FE94852B" box="[151,324,1292,1319]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Eastern Siberia" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Eastern Siberia</location>
and
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FE0C4B04FE35852B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FE0C4B04FE35852B" box="[384,485,1292,1318]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Northern" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Northern</location>
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FE634B04FDA5852B" box="[495,629,1292,1318]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FD0E4B04FD16852B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FD0E4B04FD16852B" box="[642,710,1292,1318]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Based" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Based</location>
on the sequence of the standard fragment of the COI gene for
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FF1B4B38FEDB8547" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,267,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FF1B4B38FEDB8547" box="[151,267,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
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B, three branches can be distinguished—
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FD774B38FC168546" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FD774B38FC168546" box="[763,966,1328,1355]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Eastern European" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Eastern European</location>
(
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FC564B38FAC08547" box="[986,1296,1328,1354]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Slovakia, Slovenia, Latvia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FAAD4B38FA418547" box="[1313,1425,1328,1354]" name="Lithuania" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
),
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FF1B4B5CFF298563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FF1B4B5CFF298563" box="[151,249,1364,1390]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Eurasian" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Eurasian</location>
(general for
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FE1F4B5CFDBD8562" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FE1F4B5CFDBD8562" box="[403,621,1364,1391]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Northern European" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Northern European</location>
and
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FD244B5CFD398563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FD244B5CFD398563" box="[680,745,1364,1390]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Asian" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Asian</location>
habitats) and
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FC024B5CFC1F8563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FC024B5CFC1F8563" box="[910,975,1364,1390]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Asian" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Asian</location>
(
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FC6C4B5CFBED8563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FC6C4B5CFBED8563" box="[992,1085,1364,1390]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Western" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Western</location>
and
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FBF54B5DFAF98563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FBF54B5DFAF98563" box="[1145,1321,1364,1391]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Eastern Siberia" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Eastern Siberia</location>
,
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FABB4B5CFA4C8563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FABB4B5CFA4C8563" box="[1335,1436,1364,1390]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Northern" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Northern</location>
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FF1B4B70FECF859F" box="[151,287,1400,1426]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
).
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FEB84B70FEB0859F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FEB84B70FEB0859F" box="[308,352,1400,1426]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">The</location>
expected restriction spectra of the COI gene fragment by the
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FBB94B70FBA8859F" box="[1077,1144,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">BstF5</emphasis>
I enzyme differ between the
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FF484B94FEF685BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FF484B94FEF685BB" box="[196,294,1436,1462]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Eurasian" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Eurasian</location>
(100+250+350 bp) and
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FDC94B94FD5685BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FDC94B94FD5685BB" box="[581,646,1436,1462]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Asian" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Asian</location>
(600+100 bp) branches of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FC474B94FB2985BB" authority="B. Accordingly" authorityName="B. Accordingly" box="[971,1273,1436,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FC474B94FBEE85BB" box="[971,1086,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
B. Accordingly
</taxonomicName>
, based on the frequencies of these variants (
<figureCitation id="135FFF8EFFEF8178FE6B4BC8FD9A85D7" box="[487,586,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1154,1178]" captionTargetBox="[313,1274,604,1131]" captionTargetId="figure-197@5.[313,1274,558,1131]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Proportions of two restriction spectra among the studied material of Simulium reptans s.l. collected in different localities. North Europe (MR)–Murmansk Region (Russia); Western Siberia (NR+PR)—Novosibirsk Region (Russia) and Pavlodar Region (North Kazakhstan); Eastern Siberia (IR)–Irkutsk Region (Russia). The data marked with different letters are significantly different (Fisher’s exact test with Bonferroni correction, p &lt;0.017)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386281/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Figure 4</figureCitation>
), it is possible to estimate the predominant mtDNA variants in populations.
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In
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</location>
(Ust`-
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FE254BECFE0785F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FE254BECFE0785F3" box="[425,471,1508,1534]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Kut" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Kut</location>
), both variants occur with similar frequencies (55 and 45%, respectively), while in the
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FF1B4800FED4862F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FF1B4800FED4862F" box="[151,260,1544,1570]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Ob-Irtysh" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Ob-Irtysh</location>
basin (
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,
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and
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of
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), the
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branch of mtDNA predominates (88%).
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FD9C4824FD7B864B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FD9C4824FD7B864B" box="[528,683,1580,1606]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Consequently" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Consequently</location>
,
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FD344824FCF9864B" box="[696,809,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B populations show heterogeneity.
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within
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FA0B4824FF3A8667" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FA0B4824FF3A8667" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B differ in this DNA region by few nucleotide substitutions.
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FC204858FBF08667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FC204858FBF08667" box="[940,1056,1616,1642]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="The Asian" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">The Asian</location>
branch differs from the
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FAB64858FA4C8667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FAB64858FA4C8667" box="[1338,1436,1616,1642]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="Eurasian" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Eurasian</location>
branch by two substitutions, and each of them differs from the
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FCFA487DFBCB8682" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FCFA487DFBCB8682" box="[886,1051,1653,1679]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="East European" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">East European</location>
branch by three.
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distances are comparable to the degree of divergence between the A and B forms of
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FC744890FBB986BF" box="[1016,1129,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FBF54890FB7586BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFEF8178FBF54890FB7586BF" box="[1145,1189,1688,1714]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Thus" latitude="-2.4666667" municipality="Sequences" name="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">The</location>
distance between the nearest tree nodes belonging to
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FD8A48B4FDA586DB" box="[518,629,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A and B is only three substitutions.
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particular interest is the actual relationship between forms A and B of
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FDD948E8FD1586F7" box="[597,709,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
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these forms reproductively isolated, having their own gene pools and ecological niches, i.e., are they cryptic species?
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is mtDNA divergence just a peculiar variant of neutral intraspecific genetic diversity?
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indication of genomic divergence between forms A and B could be divergence of nuclear DNA markers.
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of fragments of nuclear rRNA genes with minimal polymorphism do not demonstrate subdivision between A and B forms.
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, according to ITS2, the samples of
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FB0C4978FB3E8787" box="[1152,1262,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A had the same nucleotide sequence as some of the individuals of
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FD5F499CFC9387A3" box="[723,835,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
B. According
</taxonomicName>
to D
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, only two Asian individuals had variability in the form of superposition in a single position of sequence. The absence of differences in rRNA gene fragments between the studied branches A and B of
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FCB549D4FC7B87FB" box="[825,939,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not confirm the hypothesis about the divergence of the genomes of A and B forms. It is most likely that these forms are only neutral genetic variants of mtDNA that do not mark separate, reproductively isolated groups of varying degrees. However, in order to clarify the relationships between these forms, it is necessary to conduct additional detailed studies, including an extensive multilocus analysis covering many regions of the genome and carried out for localities where the A and B forms of
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE08177FF1B4F2FFED6814D" box="[151,262,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="337">S. reptans</emphasis>
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exist sympatrically.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1BB383FFE08177FF1448F0FE078770" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386289/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="337" startId="8.[152,255,1784,1808]" targetBox="[152,1434,346,1760]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFE08177FF1448F0FE078770" blockId="8.[151,1437,1784,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE08177FF1448F0FECB871C" bold="true" box="[152,283,1784,1809]" pageId="8" pageNumber="337">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood tree constructed from the DNA fragment of the COI gene of
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE08177FB0148F1FB2C871D" box="[1165,1276,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="337">
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE08177FB0148F1FB27871D" box="[1165,1271,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">S. reptans</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A branch of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE08177FA0548F1FEC58738" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptantoides">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE08177FA0548F1FEC58738" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="337">S. reptantoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was used for rooting. The geographical origin of the individuals is indicated. Sequences taken from the NCBI database are designated by corresponding numbers. Bayesian posterior probabilities (above the branches) and bootstrap values (below the branches) are given.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFE18176FF4B4E9FFBC881F8" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFE18176FF4B4E9FFF2380BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFE18176FF4B4E9FFF2380BC" box="[199,243,151,177]" country="Russia" county="European" latitude="69.0" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="30.0" municipality="northern Europe" name="The" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">The</location>
habitats of forms A and B of
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FDB74E9FFD7980BD" box="[571,681,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are well defined.
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features of their distribution can be explained by the difficulties of expansion/mixing of conspecific individuals with different mtDNA variants.
<location id="8EBBB5D0FFE18176FA824EB3FAFA80D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFEF8176FF1B4A50FBF08438:8EBBB5D0FFE18176FA824EB3FAFA80D8" box="[1294,1322,187,213]" country="Russia" county="European" latitude="69.0" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="30.0" municipality="northern Europe" name="At" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">At</location>
the same time, another possible explanation could be the actual genetic isolation of forms A and B and their adaptation to different environmental conditions.
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,
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FDE64F0BFD098111" box="[618,729,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">S. reptans</emphasis>
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A is found in small and medium-sized rivers in
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–from Great Britain to the northeast of the
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part of
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, which is within the boundaries of 54–
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and 2–
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, in conditions from subarctic to temperate continental climate of wet
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, with an average annual precipitation of
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, mainly on hilly plains and low mountains (
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above sea level
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) with forest vegetation.
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FE954F9BFE0C81A1" box="[281,476,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Simulium reptans</emphasis>
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B is distributed much more widely, mainly on flat, less often low-mountain, forest and steppe landscapes, with a temperate to sharply continental climate, with an annual precipitation of
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. The development of
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<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FE0C4FD3FE3F81F9" box="[384,495,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">S. reptans</emphasis>
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B occurs in both large, medium and small rivers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFE18176FF4B4FF7FF368318" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">
Unfortunately, we were not able to study material from mid-mountain forest landscapes of Siberia, which somewhat limits the possibilities of comparative analysis with European data on
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE18176FBC24C2BFAC68231" box="[1102,1302,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FBC24C2BFAC68231" box="[1102,1302,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Simulium reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2238262FFE18176FAAD4C2BFA928230" box="[1313,1346,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Due to the lack of information from the mountainous regions of Southwestern Europe, Siberia and Northern
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FAB44C4FFAAE826C" box="[1336,1406,583,609]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">China</collectingCountry>
, it is currently impossible to evaluate borders of distribution of forms of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE18176FC414C63FB908289" box="[973,1088,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FC414C63FB908289" box="[973,1088,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A and B, taking into account elevational zonation. Provided that the mitochondrial DNA variants corresponding to the A and B forms of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE18176FA0B4C87FF3A82C1" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FA0B4C87FF3A82C1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mark reproductively isolated and ecologically isolated groups, one would expect that limited populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE18176FF1B4CDFFE8B82FD" box="[151,347,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FF1B4CDFFE8B82FD" box="[151,347,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Simulium reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A could be found on the upper border of the middle mountains, by analogy with the zonal foresttundra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFE18176FF4B4D17FAC383C4" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">
At this stage of the study, the black fly
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE18176FD1B4D17FC458334" box="[663,917,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptantoides">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FD1B4D17FC458334" box="[663,917,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Simulium reptantoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not found in the territory of
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FA934D17FABA8334" box="[1311,1386,799,825]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Russia</collectingCountry>
and Northern
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FE8F4D4BFE598350" box="[259,393,835,861]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
. However, it is too early to make conclusions about the pattern of distribution of this species. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFF59EFAFFE18176FEBD4D6FFDC5838C" author="Kudela, M. &amp; Bruderova, T. &amp; Jedlicka, L. &amp; Bernotiene, R. &amp; Celec, P. &amp; Szemes, T." box="[305,533,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" pagination="301 - 17" refId="ref8654" refString="Kudela, M., Bruderova, T., Jedlicka, L., Bernotiene, R., Celec, P. &amp; Szemes, T. (2014) The identity and genetic characterization of Simulium reptans (Diptera: Simuliidae) from central and northern Europe. Zootaxa, 3802 (3), 301 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3802.3.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Kúdela
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FE054D6FFE11838C" box="[393,449,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
, the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE18176FD214D6FFC84838C" box="[685,852,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptantoides">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FD214D6FFC84838C" box="[685,852,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">S. reptantoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not limited to Europe. To obtain a more complete understanding of the distribution of this species and answer the question of whether
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE18176FBCC4D83FB3783A8" box="[1088,1255,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptantoides">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FBCC4D83FB3783A8" box="[1088,1255,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">S. reptantoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present in the Asian part of Eurasia, additional studies, including areas with mountain taiga landscapes, are required.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFE18176FF4B4DDBFBF08438" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFF59EFAFFE18176FEEE4DDBFE2883E0" author="Adler, P. H." box="[354,504,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" refId="ref7316" refString="Adler, P. H. (2022) World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory. Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 145 pp." type="book" year="2022">Adler (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, the southern part of the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE18176FCF14DDBFC3E83E1" box="[893,1006,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FCF14DDBFC3E83E1" box="[893,1006,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
covers
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FBCB4DDBFB4983E0" box="[1095,1177,979,1005]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FB2A4DDBFB0A83E0" box="[1190,1242,979,1005]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FB6B4DDBFA9983E0" box="[1255,1353,979,1005]" name="Portugal" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Portugal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FAD94DDBFA4883E0" box="[1365,1432,979,1005]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FF1B4DFFFF3D841C" box="[151,237,1015,1041]" name="Tunisia" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FF774DFFFE9C841C" box="[251,332,1015,1041]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Turkey</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FED64DFFFE0B841C" box="[346,475,1015,1041]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
, North West and north East of
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFE18176FCC64DFFFC41841C" box="[842,913,1015,1041]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">China</collectingCountry>
. More detailed study in the territory of these countries may expand our understanding of the phylogeography of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFE18176FC054A13FC288439" box="[905,1016,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFE18176FC054A13FC288439" box="[905,1016,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="338">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2238262FFE18176FC734A13FBF08438" box="[1023,1056,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="338" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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