269 lines
36 KiB
XML
269 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="D57482CCFDDABBA747726D2F7264F790" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5543.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386776" ID-ZooBank="E34AF3EF-4D03-4C08-8E11-C9514D42021B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1733919186538" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2024" docId="03C83A1CFF93C350FF772865573C456C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5543.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5543 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Circeaster abyssalis Mah, 2024, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="468" masterDocId="FFF14264FF9DC341FFE02E495341417D" masterDocTitle="New genera and species of deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea) from the North Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="500" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="465" updateTime="1734380713031" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="38E13AEF73AEFF3C3E55DAD7B489D7D4">New genera and species of deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea) from the North Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B070A0649524E2C11A280D3DD68FF5E9">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C9CD9EDF31499C706F1090309CCF3D02">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F50A8B90B4C83EB4C9AE3197814D7AB6">
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<mods:date id="814A681A0C6B2EEBE33031830CC3B41B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5D0BDB0B15B32766B98CCD2D29C49570">2024-12-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="410957494A0AB5A6582C358C01E0428F">5543</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F76078B13CE16FDD9D3EB9D9382172A5">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.4.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7E582699564F6810EC25ADAB48F5874E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1E7F3602650F2C4D7CB3380DB56A3B6F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5543.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D0CB965CC3AFD7FCBA063A81C13A097" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C83A1CFF93C350FF772865573C456C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14503266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14503266" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C83A1CFF93C350FF772865573C456C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C83A1CFF93C350FF772865573C456C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
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<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF93C34FFF7728655291473B" box="[151,464,1579,1606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF93C34FFF7728655291473B" blockId="14.[151,464,1579,1643]" box="[151,464,1579,1606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
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<heading id="D0963C66FF93C34FFF7728655291473B" bold="true" box="[151,464,1579,1606]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF93C34FFF7728655291473B" bold="true" box="[151,464,1579,1606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF93C34FFF77286552C7473B" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,390,1579,1606]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssalis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF93C34FFF77286552C7473B" bold="true" box="[151,390,1579,1606]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Circeaster abyssalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF93C34FFE6D28655291473B" box="[397,464,1580,1606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF93C34FFF77281952064716" box="[151,327,1616,1643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF93C34FFF77281952064716" blockId="14.[151,464,1579,1643]" box="[151,327,1616,1643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
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<figureCitation id="135A978FFF93C34FFF77281952064716" box="[151,327,1616,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Circeaster abyssalis n. sp. SIO E3465. Holotype A. Abactinal. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Side view showing lateral surface, marginal plates along arm. D. Side view showing lateral surface, interradial marginal plates. E.Actinal. F. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. G. Adambulacral plates showing furrow spines, subambulacral spines and pedicellariae. Scale bar=5.0 mm: A, D, E.; Scale bar=2.0 mm: C; Scale bar=1.0 mm: B, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386792/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">FIGURE 5A–G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF93C34FFF7728D153B24662" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF93C34FFF7728D1525F47CF" blockId="14.[151,286,1688,1714]" box="[151,286,1688,1714]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF93C34FFF7728D1525F47CF" bold="true" box="[151,286,1688,1714]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF93C34FFF7728A953B24662" blockId="14.[151,1436,1760,1823]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
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The species epithet,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF93C34FFE6128A952A94787" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[385,488,1760,1786]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF93C34FFE6128A952A94787" box="[385,488,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">abyssalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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alludes to the depth occurrence of this species in the abyssal zone, between
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<quantity id="4C9926EFFF93C34FFAB628A953AE4662" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" unit="m" value="4500.0" valueMax="6000.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000– 6000 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF93C34EFF77293953A540AC" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF93C34FFF772939525146F7" blockId="14.[151,272,1904,1930]" box="[151,272,1904,1930]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF93C34FFF772939525146F7" bold="true" box="[151,272,1904,1930]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF93C34EFF7729F153A540AC" blockId="14.[151,1437,1976,2038]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,150,465]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
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Body stellate, R/r=3.38, arms elongate, quadrate in cross-section with blunt tips. Interradial arcs weakly curved.
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF93C34EFF77299557CC41CD" bold="true" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Abactinal plates numerous, polygonal to irregularly round, surrounded by large peripheral granules, 4–15, each of the peripheral granules consisting of 20–30% of total plate+granule diameter.</emphasis>
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Only a small number of disk plates encroaching on proximal arm region, only slightly larger than those on disk.
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFB9B2EF351164185" bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Marginal plates abutted over midline, approximately 15 pairs.</emphasis>
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Marginal plates interradially lateral facing, not showing a dorsal face save on arms where they show a prominent part of the surface. Actinal intermediate plate surface covered by large, coarse granules. Furrow spines 5–6 per plate, subambulacral spine single large and prominent with a pointed, roughened tip, approximately 2 to 3X the thickness of furrow spines. Pedicellariae present.
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFB2C2F0353A540AC" bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Alveolar opening of large pedicellariae proximally located on the adambulacral plate adjacent to the subambulacral spines, variably bivalve to wide, paddle-shaped valves with 5 to 6 teeth on each, present on nearly all ambulacral plates.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF92C350FF772C6B57274244" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF92C34EFF772C6B525F4341" blockId="15.[151,286,546,572]" box="[151,286,546,572]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<heading id="D0963C66FF92C34EFF772C6B525F4341" bold="true" box="[151,286,546,572]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFF772C6B525F4341" bold="true" box="[151,286,546,572]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Comments</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF92C34EFF772C22510043B0" blockId="15.[151,1437,619,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFF772C22523D43F8" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,380,619,645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssalis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFF772C22523D43F8" box="[151,380,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Circeaster abyssalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF92C34EFE652C22528243F8" box="[389,451,619,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is the first species in this genus to be recorded from the abyssal zone (
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<quantity id="4C9926EFFF92C34EFB142C2256D543F8" box="[1268,1428,619,645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6835" metricValueMax="4.179" metricValueMin="3.188" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" unit="m" value="3683.5" valueMax="4179.0" valueMin="3188.0">3188–4179 m</quantity>
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) and the first to be recorded from this area in the central Pacific. It is the deepest known
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFB862CC6579A43D4" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[1126,1243,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFB862CC6579A43D4" box="[1126,1243,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Circeaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Pacific, which occurs between
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<quantity id="4C9926EFFF92C34EFE772CFA517C43B0" box="[407,573,690,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3125" metricValueMax="2.305" metricValueMin="0.32" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" unit="m" value="1312.5" valueMax="2305.0" valueMin="320.0">320 to 2305 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF92C34EFF272C9E53B14290" blockId="15.[151,1437,619,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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This species invites comparison with other South Pacific
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFCA12C9E50F7438C" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[833,950,727,753]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFCA12C9E50F7438C" box="[833,950,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Circeaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFBD32C9E57B3438C" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[1075,1266,727,753]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pullus">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFBD32C9E57B3438C" box="[1075,1266,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Circeaster pullus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFAC72C9E53B04268" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFAC72C9E53B04268" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Circeaster sandrae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which are similar in overall appearance, especially the adambulacral spination and accessories. However,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFF772D5652304244" box="[151,369,799,825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssali">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFF772D5652304244" box="[151,369,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Circeaster abyssali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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s lacks large bivalve pedicellariae present in species such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFBC82D5657CE4244" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[1064,1167,799,825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pullus">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFBC82D5657CE4244" box="[1064,1167,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">C. pullus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and displays numerous granules covering the actinal intermediate plate surfaces where those in
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFC072D0A57274220" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[999,1126,835,861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFC072D0A57274220" box="[999,1126,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">C. sandrae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are bare save for a single pedicellaria. Furrow spine number in
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFDDE2D2E51F842FC" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[574,697,871,897]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFDDE2D2E51F842FC" box="[574,697,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">C. sandrae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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tends to be higher, 12–14, but can range between 5 and 15 versus
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFF772DC2526242D8" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,291,907,933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssalis" status="n. sp.">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFF772DC2526242D8" box="[151,291,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">C. abyssalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF92C34EFECD2DC2522C42D8" box="[301,365,907,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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with only 5 to 6 furrow spines.
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFD142DC2509A42D8" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[756,987,907,933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFD142DC2509A42D8" box="[756,987,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Circeaster abyssalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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displays fewer abactinal plates on the arm surface and superomarginal plates are abutted across the midline, and lacks granules on the abactinal plates surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF92C34EFF272DBE575545DC" blockId="15.[151,1437,619,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
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<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFF272DBE52D9456D" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[199,408,1015,1041]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFF272DBE52D9456D" box="[199,408,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Sibogaster nieseni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which has similar enlarged coarse grained granules present around the abactinal plates. However,
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<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFEE82A52528D4549" box="[264,460,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFEE82A5252CF4548" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[264,398,1051,1077]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssalis" status="n. sp.">C. abyssalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF92C34EFE722A52528D4549" box="[402,460,1051,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shows distinctly different adambulacral spination and pedicellariae, notably the presence of the enlarged subambulacral spine as well as enlarged tubercles on the superomarginal and inferomarginal plates versus the superomarginal plates on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFDD12A2A51E84500" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[561,681,1123,1149]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFDD12A2A51E84500" box="[561,681,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Sibogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which are bare and smooth. Superomarginal plates on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFAF42A2A56DC4500" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[1300,1437,1123,1149]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssalis" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFAF42A2A56DC4500" box="[1300,1437,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">C. abyssalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF92C34EFF772ACE539245DC" box="[151,211,1159,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are abutted along most of their length whereas those on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF92C34EFCAD2ACE50F945DD" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[845,952,1159,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nieseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFCAD2ACE50F945DD" box="[845,952,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">S. nieseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF92C34EFF772ABB52684471" blockId="15.[151,297,1266,1292]" box="[151,297,1266,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<heading id="D0963C66FF92C34EFF772ABB52684471" bold="true" box="[151,297,1266,1292]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFF772ABB52684471" bold="true" box="[151,297,1266,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF92C34EFF772B7257244428" blockId="15.[151,1125,1339,1365]" box="[151,1125,1339,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
|
||
Central Pacific, between Utiroa, Buriki and east of Rongorongo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFF92C34EFC8F2B7250F94428" box="[879,952,1339,1365]" name="Nauru" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Nauru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 4179–
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFF92C34EFBEA2B7257204428" box="[1034,1121,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.188" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" unit="m" value="3188.0">3188 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF92C34EFF772BEF526944BD" blockId="15.[151,296,1446,1472]" box="[151,296,1446,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FF92C34EFF772BEF526944BD" bold="true" box="[151,296,1446,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF92C34EFF772BA652384750" blockId="15.[151,1436,1519,1905]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
|
||
Disk thick. Body stellate,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7013CFFF92C34EFE582BA6528A4774" box="[440,459,1519,1545]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/r=3.38, arms elongate, quadrate in cross-section with blunt tips. Interradial arcs weakly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF92C34EFF13285A522D4750" box="[243,364,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Circeaster abyssalis n. sp. SIO E3465. Holotype A. Abactinal. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Side view showing lateral surface, marginal plates along arm. D. Side view showing lateral surface, interradial marginal plates. E.Actinal. F. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. G. Adambulacral plates showing furrow spines, subambulacral spines and pedicellariae. Scale bar=5.0 mm: A, D, E.; Scale bar=2.0 mm: C; Scale bar=1.0 mm: B, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386792/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Fig. 5A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF92C34EFF27287E5079460C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1519,1905]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
|
||
Abactinal plates numerous, approximately 12–15 across arm base, polygonal to irregularly round, arranged irregularly, mostly flat to weakly convex, sizes and shapes heterogeneous distributed across disk surface. Plates present on disk and proximal arm region, ending where superomarginals have abutted distally. Abactinal plates on arms large, strongly convex relative to adjacent plates on disk, surface smooth and convex. Most disk plates proximally, especially on disk, with peripheral granules, large polygonal 4 to 15, occupying approximately 20–30% of total plate surface plus granule diameter. Granular cover proximally, especially centrally on disk especially abundant, densely arranged (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF92C34EFE3C294651744654" box="[476,565,1806,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Circeaster abyssalis n. sp. SIO E3465. Holotype A. Abactinal. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Side view showing lateral surface, marginal plates along arm. D. Side view showing lateral surface, interradial marginal plates. E.Actinal. F. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. G. Adambulacral plates showing furrow spines, subambulacral spines and pedicellariae. Scale bar=5.0 mm: A, D, E.; Scale bar=2.0 mm: C; Scale bar=1.0 mm: B, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386792/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedicellariae small, comparable in size to adjacent granules, paddle-shaped with mostly 2, in minority of instances 3 valves with blunt tips, mostly clustered around arm base. Madreporite sunken, surrounded by granules, 10–12, polygonal in shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1EDB82FF8DC351FF77290550F946AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386792/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" startId="16.[151,250,1868,1892]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1845]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8DC351FF77290550F946AC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1868,2001]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8DC351FF77290551774618" bold="true" box="[151,566,1868,1893]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
|
||
FIGURE 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61F089FF8DC351FEFF290552B14619" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[287,496,1868,1892]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8DC351FEFF290552B14619" bold="true" box="[287,496,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Circeaster abyssalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226EA63FF8DC351FE1A290451774618" box="[506,566,1869,1893]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SIO E3465. Holotype A. Abactinal. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Side view showing lateral surface, marginal plates along arm. D. Side view showing lateral surface, interradial marginal plates. E. Actinal. F. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. G. Adambulacral plates showing furrow spines, subambulacral spines and pedicellariae. Scale bar=5.0 mm: A, D, E.; Scale bar=2.0 mm: C; Scale bar=1.0 mm: B, F, G.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8CC350FF272EDE57FA40D0" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
|
||
Marginal plates, 15 superomarginals per arm side, 30 per interradius, arm tip to arm tip, 18 inferomarginals, 36 per interradius, arm tip to arm tip. Superomarginals facing laterally on disk, but larger, broader dorsal-facing on arms where they gradually abut over midline at approximately 50% of the distance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF8CC350FBDD2E9657D44184" box="[1085,1173,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Circeaster abyssalis n. sp. SIO E3465. Holotype A. Abactinal. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Side view showing lateral surface, marginal plates along arm. D. Side view showing lateral surface, interradial marginal plates. E.Actinal. F. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. G. Adambulacral plates showing furrow spines, subambulacral spines and pedicellariae. Scale bar=5.0 mm: A, D, E.; Scale bar=2.0 mm: C; Scale bar=1.0 mm: B, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386792/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Approximately 10–12 distalmost superomarginals abutted along arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF8CC350FD442F4A505D4060" box="[676,796,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Circeaster abyssalis n. sp. SIO E3465. Holotype A. Abactinal. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Side view showing lateral surface, marginal plates along arm. D. Side view showing lateral surface, interradial marginal plates. E.Actinal. F. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. G. Adambulacral plates showing furrow spines, subambulacral spines and pedicellariae. Scale bar=5.0 mm: A, D, E.; Scale bar=2.0 mm: C; Scale bar=1.0 mm: B, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386792/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Superomarginals and inferomarginals on disk with large granules, 2 to 10, most are widely spaced. A minority of superomarginals at arm base with a single tubercle raised on a central tumescence. Superomarginals and inferomarginals on arms with no surficial features, no granules, no spinelets or other features. Inferomarginal plates with small pedicellariae, 1 or 2, paddle-like, when present. Marginal plates with large peripheral granules, polygonal to quadrate in shape, 10–15 per side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8CC350FF272FFE50954364" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Actinal intermediate regions with 2 to 3 complete series, remaining 1 or 2 incomplete on disk. No series extending onto arm. Individual plates quadrate arranged in chevron formation, plate surface covered by granules, large, approximately 2 per 1.0 mm line count, obscuring plate boundaries.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8CC350FF272C6A53A143B0" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
|
||
Furrow spines
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFF8CC350FE902C6B52934340" box="[368,466,546,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 6 in</quantity>
|
||
straight series, evenly spaced, quadrate in cross-section, blunt tipped. Subambulacral spine single, large, prominent, with pointed, roughened tips, approximately 2 to 3X the thickness of furrow spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF8CC350FF7F2C2253BC43F8" box="[159,253,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Circeaster abyssalis n. sp. SIO E3465. Holotype A. Abactinal. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Side view showing lateral surface, marginal plates along arm. D. Side view showing lateral surface, interradial marginal plates. E.Actinal. F. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. G. Adambulacral plates showing furrow spines, subambulacral spines and pedicellariae. Scale bar=5.0 mm: A, D, E.; Scale bar=2.0 mm: C; Scale bar=1.0 mm: B, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386792/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Alveolar opening of large pedicellariae proximally located on the adambulacral plate adjacent to the subambulacral spines; valves wide, paddle-shaped with 5 to 6 teeth on each, present on nearly all adambulacral plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8CC350FF272C9E57274244" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
|
||
Oral plates with furrow spines, 10, widely spaced, blunt tipped, widely spaced with one plate directed into mouth, 2 large spines similar to those on the adambulacral plates per interradius, adjacent to the oral plates. Oral plates with short pointed, angular spines, 10 to 15 covering oral plate surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A978FFF8CC350FBE42D56571B4244" box="[1028,1114,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Circeaster abyssalis n. sp. SIO E3465. Holotype A. Abactinal. B. Closeup of abactinal surface. C. Side view showing lateral surface, marginal plates along arm. D. Side view showing lateral surface, interradial marginal plates. E.Actinal. F. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. G. Adambulacral plates showing furrow spines, subambulacral spines and pedicellariae. Scale bar=5.0 mm: A, D, E.; Scale bar=2.0 mm: C; Scale bar=1.0 mm: B, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386792/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37BD881FF8CC350FF772DC3573C456C" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8CC350FF772DC352CA42D9" blockId="17.[151,395,906,932]" box="[151,395,906,932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<heading id="D0963C66FF8CC350FF772DC352CA42D9" bold="true" box="[151,395,906,932]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8CC350FF772DC352CA42D9" bold="true" box="[151,395,906,932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE8B0AFF8CC350FF772D9A573C456C" blockId="17.[151,1437,978,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B098157FF8CC350FF772D9A573B456C" collectingDate="1999-02-07" collectionCode="SIO" collectorName="E. Pillard" country="Nauru" latitude="-1.3468" location="between Utiroa, Buriki and east of Rongorongo" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="175.3433" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" specimenCode="SIO E3465" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DA35A8FF8CC350FF772D9A52424290" box="[151,259,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC72371FF8CC350FEEC2D9A52C94290" box="[268,392,978,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">SIO E3465</specimenCode>
|
||
Central Pacific,
|
||
<location id="8EBEDDD1FF8CC350FDA12D9A57104290" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C83A1CFF93C350FF772865573C456C:8EBEDDD1FF8CC350FDA12D9A57104290" box="[577,1105,979,1005]" country="Nauru" latitude="-1.3468" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="175.3433" name="between Utiroa, Buriki and east of Rongorongo" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">between Utiroa, Buriki and east of Rongorongo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F376CB9AFF8CC350FBBB2D9A57E44290" box="[1115,1189,979,1005]" name="Nauru" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Nauru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE55EDCDFF8CC350FB4E2D9A565C4290" box="[1198,1309,979,1005]" degrees="1.3468" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" precision="5" value="-1.3468">1.3468° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE55EDCDFF8CC350FAC82D9B53EB456C" degrees="175.3433" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" precision="5" value="175.3433">175.3433° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 4179–
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFF8CC350FF1D2DBE5215456C" box="[253,340,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.188" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="m" value="3188.0">3188 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="2694EEDCFF8CC350FE7D2DBE514B456C" box="[413,522,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">E. Pillard</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDFADCAFF8CC350FDF52DBE51D7456C" box="[533,662,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="1999-02-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9B5422FF8CC350FDF52DBE51D7456C" box="[533,662,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="1999-02-07">7 Feb 1999</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B9155718FF8CC350FD362DBE507B456C" box="[726,826,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Melville.</emphasis>
|
||
1 wet spec. R=4.4 r=
|
||
<quantity id="4C9926EFFF8CC350FBCB2DBE573B456C" box="[1067,1146,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |