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<document id="FC8EAF1436102FDC0941625CBF0D6524" ID-DOI="10.37828/em.2021.48.11" ID-ISSN="2336-9744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13250260" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722975727420" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kladarić, Lidija, Popijač, Aleksandar, Hlebec, Dora, Previšić, Ana, Ćuk, Renata, Vučković, Ivan &amp; Kučinić, Mladen" docDate="2021" docId="03C78E06837BF11195C0F9D0D68A1C29" docLanguage="en" docName="EcolMontenegrina.48.71-85.pdf" docOrigin="Ecologica Montenegrina 48" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.48.11" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE.3:EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE" docStyleName="EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky 1979" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="FFFEF67E837FF1169557FF99D30D1E5A" masterDocTitle="A surprising finding of Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Croatia with notes to DNA barcoding and new distributional data of the subfamily Drusinae" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1734976372703" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DBA90ADE2F968B7FB30334B2D67AEB07">A surprising finding of Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Croatia with notes to DNA barcoding and new distributional data of the subfamily Drusinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10EDF774433D35BB25B39F67A3A9E436">Popijač, Aleksandar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AA1A1C3288DE4933C6D8186B3BA1EE89">Kopački rit Nature Park Public Institution, Mali Sakadaš 1, 31327 Kopačevo, Bilje, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="04497E7DF3BEC3EE337FE81F109898A0">Hlebec, Dora</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="00F756CD6473CA194163D83253CC04F0">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia &amp; Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Martin-Luther-King- Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="87A079D88B0777B3C9EC458AEB40918A">Previšić, Ana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="572E0BBEBB8F85801BA92BCA7C07F89B">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BAD9ECE90CA6C867A7CA5BA2D587DB12">Ćuk, Renata</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C48AA5C3991BFB79FF8312582A9E6F02">Hrvatske vode, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica Grada Vukovara 220, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="913BECC73D293DA172833A892351B345">Elektroprojekt, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia * Corresponding author: mladen. kucinic @ biol. pmf. hr</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03C78E06837BF11195C0F9D0D68A1C29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C78E06837BF11195C0F9D0D68A1C29" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C78E06837BF11195C0F9D0D68A1C29" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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<paragraph id="8BD13F10837BF11295C0F9D0D74F183E" blockId="4.[151,1090,1609,1636]" box="[151,1090,1609,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
1.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF11295EAF9D0D167183E" ID-CoL="6DTPW" authority="Malicky, 1979" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[189,618,1609,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF11295EAF9D0D2B91839" box="[189,436,1609,1636]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ecclisopteryx asterix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E1837BF11294ECF9D0D167183E" author="Malicky, H." box="[443,618,1609,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref8463" refString="Malicky, H. (1979) Notes on Some Caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Europa and Iran. Aquatic Insects, 1 (1), 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1979">Malicky, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: An Alpine endemic lives in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837BF1129697F9D0D71B183E" box="[960,1046,1609,1636]" name="Croatia" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Croatia</collectingCountry>
too
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<paragraph id="8BD13F10837BF11295C0F914D75C1928" blockId="4.[151,1436,1676,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
In the current study, we found larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129727F915D06A18FD" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[624,871,1676,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129727F915D06A18FD" box="[624,871,1676,1703]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ecclisopteryx asterix</emphasis>
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from northern
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837BF112914DF914D77E18F2" box="[1050,1139,1677,1704]" name="Croatia" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Croatia</collectingCountry>
, at the
<location id="8EB169CB837BF1129190F914D66518FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C78E06837BF11195C0F9D0D68A1C29:8EB169CB837BF1129190F914D66518FD" box="[1223,1384,1677,1704]" country="Croatia" municipality="southeastern Alps" name="Ivanscica Mt." pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ivanščica Mt.</location>
(i.e.
<specimenCount id="9D68F499837BF11295C0F937D22C1893" box="[151,289,1710,1737]" count="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="larva">three larvae</specimenCount>
of species
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF11294F3F936D1181892" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[420,533,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF11294F3F936D1181892" box="[420,533,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected at the Šumi Spring during two visits, on
<date id="FFD019D0837BF11291FEF937D6661893" box="[1193,1387,1707,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" value="2015-03-10">
<collectingDate id="EF94E038837BF11291FEF937D6661893" box="[1193,1387,1707,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" value="2015-03-10">
March 10
<superScript id="7C1B9258837BF112904CF932D62418E6" attach="left" box="[1307,1321,1707,1724]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">th</superScript>
2015
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and on
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<collectingDate id="EF94E038837BF11295EAF949D27A18B1" box="[189,375,1741,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" value="2021-03-06">
March 6
<superScript id="7C1B9258837BF1129476F954D2221884" attach="left" box="[289,303,1741,1758]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">th</superScript>
2021
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</date>
;
<tableCitation id="C6EC0AAB837BF11294D4F949D2D318B1" box="[387,478,1744,1771]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[151,216,330,354]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. List of six (6) Drusinae species recorded in Croatia within this study." pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Table 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13552395837BF11294BAF949D15D18B1" box="[493,592,1744,1771]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1131,1155]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,202,1102]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[151,1436,189,1113]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. A New record of Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 in Croatia (red dot) and hitherto known range in Austria, Slovenia and Italy (yellow area) (Robert, 2015); B the crenal reach of the Šumi Spring, and C a close up of the habitat where E. asterix larvae were collected." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250262/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). Up till now,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129654F948D07818B0" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[771,885,1745,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129654F948D07818B0" box="[771,885,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">E. asterix</emphasis>
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was considered a stenoendemic species of the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB5A56A837BF11295C0F96BD2611957" box="[151,364,1778,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">southeastern Alps</collectingMunicipality>
, distributed in the limnoecoregion 4 only (the Alps;
<figureCitation id="13552395837BF112968EF96BD75E1957" box="[985,1107,1778,1805]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1131,1155]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,202,1102]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[151,1436,189,1113]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. A New record of Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 in Croatia (red dot) and hitherto known range in Austria, Slovenia and Italy (yellow area) (Robert, 2015); B the crenal reach of the Šumi Spring, and C a close up of the habitat where E. asterix larvae were collected." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250262/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E1837BF1129137F96BD62C1957" author="Graf, W. &amp; Murphy, J. &amp; Dahl, J. &amp; Zamora-Munoz, C. &amp; Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Kloiber., A." box="[1120,1313,1778,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" refId="ref6537" refString="Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., Lopez- Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Schmidt- Kloiber., A. (2021): Dataset &quot; Trichoptera &quot;. www. freshwaterecology. info - the taxa and autecology database for freshwater organisms, version 7.0 (accessed on 22.10.2021)." type="book" year="2021">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF11291C8F96AD7DE1957" box="[1183,1235,1778,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, by adding one more
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129422F88AD2D31974" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1916" box="[373,478,1811,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Drusinae">Drusinae</taxonomicName>
species to the list of caddisfly species in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837BF11296A0F88AD7401974" box="[1015,1101,1811,1838]" name="Croatia" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Croatia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E1837BF1129135F88AD6561974" author="Kucinic, M. &amp; Malicky, H. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Vuckovic, I. &amp; Cerjanec, D. &amp; Kutnjak, H. &amp; Zivic, I. &amp; Graf, W." box="[1122,1371,1811,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" pagination="30 - 31" refId="ref7411" refString="Kucinic, M., Malicky, H., Previsic, A., Vuckovic, I., Cerjanec, D., Kutnjak, H., Zivic, I. &amp; Graf, W. (2012) First Check List of Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Croatia. Poster, pp. 30 - 31. In: XIV International Symposium on Trichoptera, Vladivostok, Russia, 75 pp." type="book chapter" year="2012">
Kučinić
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129198F88DD6021974" box="[1231,1295,1811,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), our findings bring new insights into the distribution of this species. This suggests that
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129129F8AFD7FC1915" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[1150,1265,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129129F8AFD7FC1915" box="[1150,1265,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a broader distribution, or at least that some additional disjunct populations exist in the area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837BF11395A1F8E3D2F61F78" blockId="4.[151,1436,1676,2041]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,195,492]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
Even though we only found larvae, these could be identified after morphological examination and comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129426F803D03619EF" authority="Moretti, 1991" authorityName="Moretti" authorityYear="1991" box="[369,827,1946,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malickyi">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129426F803D18F19EF" box="[369,642,1946,1973]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ecclisopteryx malickyi</emphasis>
Moretti, 1991
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129619F805D60D19EF" authority="(Stephens, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[846,1280,1946,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129619F805D72819EF" box="[846,1061,1946,1973]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Drusus annulatus</emphasis>
(Stephens, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF112901FF805D2CA198D" authority="(Pictet, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatus">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF112901FF805D201198D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Drusus biguttatus</emphasis>
(Pictet, 1834)
</taxonomicName>
. These species differ in the contours of the pronotum in lateral view, the presence/absence of the pronotal transverse groove, the shape of the median notch of the pronotum (in anterior view), pronotal sculpturing, presence/absence of the lateral carina of the head capsule, the number of proximo-dorsal setae on the mid-and hind femora, where the lateral fringe starts on the abdomen, and also in distribution (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E1837AF113947AFE9ED2E31F78" author="Graf, W. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J." box="[301,494,263,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" pagination="136 - 142" refId="ref6463" refString="Graf, W., Kucinic, M., Previsic, A., Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J. (2011) The larva of Ecclisopteryx malickyi Moretti, 1991 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae: Drusinae), with comments on the genus. Zoosymposia, 5 (1), 136 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zoosymposia. 5.1.11" type="journal article" year="2011">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF113943AFE91D2AD1F78" box="[365,416,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837AF11395A1FEB0D74F1FB6" blockId="5.[151,1437,195,492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF1139434FEB3D2D91F19" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[355,468,298,323]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139434FEB3D2D91F19" box="[355,468,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
look similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF11397C6FEB3D0271F19" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[657,810,296,323]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11397C6FEB3D0271F19" box="[657,810,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">D. annulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF1139633FEB3D0F31F19" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[868,1022,296,323]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatus">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139633FEB3D0F31F19" box="[868,1022,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">D. biguttatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is characterized by the shape of the case, which is smooth, slightly curved and consists completely of mineral particles (
<figureCitation id="13552395837AF1139183FED3D65B1F3F" box="[1236,1366,330,357]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[151,226,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,517,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-163@5.[151,1436,505,1483]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. A Larva of Ecclisiopteryx asterix in its case; B morphological character important for identification: shape of the pronotum (p); C pronotum (p), mesonotum (me), and sclerites at metanotum (mt) in dorsal view; D abdominal segments I-VI with gills (g) and lateral fringe (lf), right lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
). The dorsal line of the pronotum is rounded in the last third, creating a small dorsal hump, and a step-like interruption of the dorsal silhouette (
<figureCitation id="13552395837AF1139733FE17D1EB1FF3" box="[612,742,398,425]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[151,226,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,517,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-163@5.[151,1436,505,1483]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. A Larva of Ecclisiopteryx asterix in its case; B morphological character important for identification: shape of the pronotum (p); C pronotum (p), mesonotum (me), and sclerites at metanotum (mt) in dorsal view; D abdominal segments I-VI with gills (g) and lateral fringe (lf), right lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
). The metanotum is partially covered by three pairs of sclerites of which the anterior pair is large, ovoid and has a very narrow median separation (
<figureCitation id="13552395837AF113918BFE36D6551F90" box="[1244,1368,431,458]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[151,226,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,517,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-163@5.[151,1436,505,1483]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. A Larva of Ecclisiopteryx asterix in its case; B morphological character important for identification: shape of the pronotum (p); C pronotum (p), mesonotum (me), and sclerites at metanotum (mt) in dorsal view; D abdominal segments I-VI with gills (g) and lateral fringe (lf), right lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
). The lateral fringe starts on the last third of the third abdominal segment (
<figureCitation id="13552395837AF11396E0FE48D7391FB6" box="[951,1076,465,492]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[151,226,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,517,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-163@5.[151,1436,505,1483]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. A Larva of Ecclisiopteryx asterix in its case; B morphological character important for identification: shape of the pronotum (p); C pronotum (p), mesonotum (me), and sclerites at metanotum (mt) in dorsal view; D abdominal segments I-VI with gills (g) and lateral fringe (lf), right lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF116F98837AF11395C0FA48D062187C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13250268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" startId="5.[151,226,1489,1513]" targetBox="[160,1424,517,1469]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837AF11395C0FA48D062187C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1489,1575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11395C0FA48D3FA1BB3" bold="true" box="[151,247,1489,1513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139451FA48D2141BB3" bold="true" box="[262,281,1489,1513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF11394D4FA48D1671BB3" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[387,618,1489,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11394D4FA48D1671BB3" box="[387,618,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Ecclisiopteryx asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its case;
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11397BCFA48D1F01BB3" bold="true" box="[747,765,1489,1513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
morphological character important for identification: shape of the pronotum (p);
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139432FA69D2751852" bold="true" box="[357,376,1520,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">C</emphasis>
pronotum (p), mesonotum (me), and sclerites at metanotum (mt) in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139059FA69D62C1852" bold="true" box="[1294,1313,1520,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">D</emphasis>
abdominal segments I-VI with gills (g) and lateral fringe (lf), right lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837AF11395C0F9E8D04B1922" blockId="5.[151,1437,1649,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
Additionally, molecular analyses supported our morphological identification as obtained sequences were identified as the same species we identified using morphological characters. The new findings of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF113907DF90DD69018F7" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[1322,1437,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF113907DF90DD69018F7" box="[1322,1437,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were confirmed with the use of BOLD Identification Engine (98.17 – 98.32 %, private sequence, sample from
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837AF113958DF94FD23B18AB" box="[218,310,1750,1777]" name="Austria" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Austria</collectingCountry>
). Obtained
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139495F94ED2F918AB" box="[450,500,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">COI</emphasis>
gene sequences were 658 bp long and formed two
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF113913CF94ED79018AB" box="[1131,1181,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">COI</emphasis>
haplotypes with low sequence divergence (0.00153 uncorrected
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11397C0F960D1AB1948" box="[663,678,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">p</emphasis>
-distance) and with low sequence divergence between the single
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF11395C0F882D203196E" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,270,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11395C0F882D203196E" box="[151,270,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequence available on BOLD (
<tableCitation id="C6EC0AAB837AF11397C9F883D00F196F" box="[670,770,1818,1845]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[151,216,226,250]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Collection data and BOLD IDs of obtained sequences in this study." pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The topology was congruent during two conducted analyses (
<figureCitation id="13552395837AF1139459F8A5D274190D" box="[270,377,1852,1879]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[151,226,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,303,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-43@6.[151,1436,257,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogram based on the COI sequences of Ecclisopteryx asterix from Croatia and haplotypes of Ecclisopteryx species available in BOLD database. Numbers at the nodes indicate maximum likelihood (ML) bootstrap support values (BS). Terminal codes represent BOLD Process IDs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250270/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF1139716F8A4D1BB190C" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[577,694,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139716F8A4D1BB190C" box="[577,694,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837AF1139651F8A5D050190D" box="[774,861,1852,1879]" name="Croatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Croatia</collectingCountry>
group together with the single sequence of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF11390D3F8A4D3EA192D" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11390D3F8A4D3EA192D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HMKKT864-11) available in the BOLD database.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837AF11095A1F8E6D1151F5A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1649,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1435,195,256]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
A separate taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF1139729F819D1FE19C3" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[638,755,1920,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139729F819D1FE19C3" box="[638,755,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is possible for populations in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837AF1139138F8E6D7C419C0" box="[1135,1225,1919,1946]" name="Croatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Croatia</collectingCountry>
. For now, this is indicated by DNA barcoding data, as well as the separation of populations from the Ivanščica Mt. However, for any taxonomic study it is hard to make a conclusion with only three collected larvae. Future investigations are needed and planned as it is necessary to collect more larvae and adults of both sexes for detailed morphological analyses.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF116F988379F11095C0F953D7061945" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13250270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250270/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" startId="6.[151,226,1738,1762]" targetBox="[222,1373,303,1703]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD13F108379F11095C0F953D7061945" blockId="6.[151,1437,1738,1823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F11095C0F953D3F618B8" bold="true" box="[151,251,1738,1762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Figure 3</emphasis>
. Maximum likelihood phylogram based on the
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F110964EF953D04A18BB" box="[793,839,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">COI</emphasis>
sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938379F11096BBF953D7DD18B8" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[1004,1232,1738,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F11096BBF953D7DD18B8" box="[1004,1232,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Ecclisopteryx asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Croatia and haplotypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938379F1109465F971D117195A" box="[306,538,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F1109465F971D2CE195A" box="[306,451,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Ecclisopteryx</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
available in BOLD database. Numbers at the nodes indicate maximum likelihood (ML) bootstrap support values (BS). Terminal codes represent BOLD Process IDs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13F108379F11195C0F8F3D68A1C29" blockId="6.[151,1437,1898,2026]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,195,627]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938379F11095C0F8F3D28219DE" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,399,1898,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F11095C0F8F3D28219DE" box="[151,399,1898,1925]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Ecclisopteryx asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is mainly montane species, distributed from
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above sea level (Urbanič
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F11090DFF8F2D3A319FD" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">et al</emphasis>
. 2003). It inhabits springs, spring reaches and upper stream reaches, and is considered as a lithal habitat specialist and a cold water stenotherm (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18379F1109723F834D0301992" author="Graf, W. &amp; Murphy, J. &amp; Dahl, J. &amp; Zamora-Munoz, C. &amp; Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Kloiber., A." box="[628,829,1965,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" refId="ref6537" refString="Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., Lopez- Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Schmidt- Kloiber., A. (2021): Dataset &quot; Trichoptera &quot;. www. freshwaterecology. info - the taxa and autecology database for freshwater organisms, version 7.0 (accessed on 22.10.2021)." type="book" year="2021">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F11097E0F837D1F91992" box="[695,756,1965,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Because of these characteristics, it is also highly vulnerable to climate changes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18379F110975FF856D1C019B0" author="Graf, W. &amp; Murphy, J. &amp; Dahl, J. &amp; Zamora-Munoz, C. &amp; Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Kloiber., A." box="[520,717,1999,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" refId="ref6537" refString="Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., Lopez- Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Schmidt- Kloiber., A. (2021): Dataset &quot; Trichoptera &quot;. www. freshwaterecology. info - the taxa and autecology database for freshwater organisms, version 7.0 (accessed on 22.10.2021)." type="book" year="2021">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F110971EF849D18819B0" box="[585,645,1999,2026]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). According to the morphology of the mouth parts, larvae of this species are scrapers, caddisflies that feed on periphyton on stone pebbles and aquatic plants. The location at the Šumi Spring is at an altitude of ca.
<quantity id="4C9692F58378F11197AAFF7CD0441F5A" box="[765,841,229,256]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
a.s.l., in line with
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938378F1119166FF7FD7AE1EA5" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[1073,1187,230,255]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119166FF7FD7AE1EA5" box="[1073,1187,230,255]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being a submontane species (
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Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119417FE91D2731F78" box="[320,382,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Generally, the habitat where it was collected is similar to the ecology from the Alpine region (
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Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11194C7FEB3D2C31F19" box="[400,462,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). We collected larvae in a small (ca.
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wide, average
<quantity id="4C9692F58378F111919FFEB1D6191F19" box="[1224,1300,296,323]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
deep), fast flowing brook, around
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downstream of the spring (spring is partially captured). This is typical of the habitat preference of this species, as it mainly inhabits hypocrenal, but also eucrenal and epirithral areas, and zones with higher current velocity (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F111971CFE17D0151FF3" author="Graf, W. &amp; Murphy, J. &amp; Dahl, J. &amp; Zamora-Munoz, C. &amp; Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Kloiber., A." box="[587,792,398,425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" refId="ref6537" refString="Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., Lopez- Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Schmidt- Kloiber., A. (2021): Dataset &quot; Trichoptera &quot;. www. freshwaterecology. info - the taxa and autecology database for freshwater organisms, version 7.0 (accessed on 22.10.2021)." type="book" year="2021">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11197D8FE16D1C31FF3" box="[655,718,398,425]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). The substrate consists of bare microlithal (
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) (60%) and mesolithal (
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) covered by moss (35%) with only 5% of akal (0,2-
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), what is also in accordance with species substrate preferences. The temperature in
<date id="FFD019D08378F11196FEFE48D7341FB6" box="[937,1081,465,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" value="2015-03">March 2015</date>
at 3:00 PM was 9.3°C, which corresponds with cold stenotherm temperature preferences according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F111916CFE6AD6211C54" author="Graf, W. &amp; Murphy, J. &amp; Dahl, J. &amp; Zamora-Munoz, C. &amp; Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Kloiber., A." box="[1083,1324,499,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" refId="ref6537" refString="Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., Lopez- Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Schmidt- Kloiber., A. (2021): Dataset &quot; Trichoptera &quot;. www. freshwaterecology. info - the taxa and autecology database for freshwater organisms, version 7.0 (accessed on 22.10.2021)." type="book" year="2021">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11191D4FE6DD7C41C54" box="[1155,1225,499,526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
. Electric conductivity was 429 µS/cm. Hence, we found
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938378F1119798FD8FD04F1C75" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[719,834,534,559]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119798FD8FD04F1C75" box="[719,834,534,559]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a typical habitat, but geographically dislocated. It is therefore highly likely that the species inhabits additional similar habitats in the vicinity of the Šumi Spring, but also in areas in between the known distribution in the southeastern Alps and the current finding.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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