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<document id="439CCC2E7B2309CBCFDA199C78DDDABF" ID-DOI="10.37828/em.2021.48.11" ID-ISSN="2336-9744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13250260" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722975727420" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kladarić, Lidija, Popijač, Aleksandar, Hlebec, Dora, Previšić, Ana, Ćuk, Renata, Vučković, Ivan &amp; Kučinić, Mladen" docDate="2021" docId="03C78E068377F11F95C0F975D2711CA0" docLanguage="en" docName="EcolMontenegrina.48.71-85.pdf" docOrigin="Ecologica Montenegrina 48" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.48.11" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE.3:EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE" docStyleName="EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ecclisopteryx ivkae" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="FFFEF67E837FF1169557FF99D30D1E5A" masterDocTitle="A surprising finding of Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Croatia with notes to DNA barcoding and new distributional data of the subfamily Drusinae" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1734976372703" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2E957D8CADF0B32D9B8F3A71BCDAEBB5">A surprising finding of Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Croatia with notes to DNA barcoding and new distributional data of the subfamily Drusinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8082F32FF190AD6A3DE65F2C1869888F">Kladarić, Lidija</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="34BDBF74E327BE581EBABA850D1A41DE">Hrvatske vode, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica Grada Vukovara 220, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EDCDEEC51084A434F5D41E75FDCAE8D2">Popijač, Aleksandar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="52BDF3E6C3D4581CF3D5AAA6DE0D486A">Kopački rit Nature Park Public Institution, Mali Sakadaš 1, 31327 Kopačevo, Bilje, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8AC94906BCE1F596842C54401B12D3E0">Hlebec, Dora</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="950F69D0B9CFB642BE6CDFEBA17E9BD3">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia &amp; Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Martin-Luther-King- Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1F4F9BBBE9EB782DC7316A35DFAE41A9">Previšić, Ana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AA4E50FE597BFC30BF8A1D443627A114">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2816ABBB6341F5316E245D900EB4D8E0">Ćuk, Renata</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3A77A67BE2FB79B71F71FDD9AF99C14F">Hrvatske vode, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica Grada Vukovara 220, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C1DFFC4ECCA05155B049B349575AB5C">Vučković, Ivan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="817C859116DE91F98806E8E36511E184">Elektroprojekt, Alexandera von Humboldta 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia * Corresponding author: mladen. kucinic @ biol. pmf. hr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5800FFD96FD45E6258055FB43745732C">Kučinić, Mladen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="500B296A87018B40555ED93CE3B25242">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8E04924919D86F839E9A76E4F103F8EF" type="email">mladen.kucinic@biol.pmf.hr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="183078371707E3DDA708D12D5E0149E5">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C78E068377F11F95C0F975D2711CA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C78E068377F11F95C0F975D2711CA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C78E068377F11F95C0F975D2711CA0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection id="C3746C9B8377F11E95C0F975D750195D" box="[151,1117,1772,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD13F108377F11E95C0F975D750195D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1772,2001]" box="[151,1117,1772,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
2.4. New data on the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938377F11E9717F975D028195D" authority="Previšić, Graf &amp; Vitecek 2014" box="[576,805,1772,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ivkae">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E9717F975D028195D" box="[576,805,1772,1799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Ecclisopteryx ivkae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938377F11E9609F974D0EC195D" authority="Previšić, Graf &amp; Vitecek 2014" box="[862,993,1772,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keroveci">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E9609F974D0EC195D" box="[862,993,1772,1799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">E. keroveci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808377F11E9150F975D750195D" box="[1031,1117,1772,1799]" name="Croatia" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Croatia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3746C9B8377F11F95C0F897D2711CA0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BD13F108377F11E95C0F897D20B198B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1772,2001]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
Previous studies of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938377F11E94AAF897D1901973" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1848" box="[509,669,1806,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E94AAF897D1901973" box="[509,669,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Ecclisopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have identified two species in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808377F11E9145F897D7601973" box="[1042,1133,1806,1833]" name="Croatia" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Croatia</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938377F11E912CF896D7D61973" box="[1147,1243,1806,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ivkae">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E912CF896D7D61973" box="[1147,1243,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">E. ivkae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938377F11E9040F896D2AA1911" authority="(Previsic et al. 2014 a)" baseAuthorityName="Previsic" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keroveci">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E9040F896D6901973" box="[1303,1437,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">E. keroveci</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E95C8F8A9D2921911" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Graf, W. &amp; Vitecek, S. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Balint, M. &amp; Keresztes, L. &amp; Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J." box="[159,415,1840,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="309 - 329" refId="ref9320" refString="Previsic, A., Graf, W., Vitecek, S., Kucinic, M., Balint, M., Keresztes, L., Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J. (2014 a) Cryptic diversity of caddisflies in the Balkans: the curious case of Ecclisopteryx species (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny, 72 (3), 309 - 329." type="journal article" year="2014">
Previšić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E945DF8A8D24D1911" box="[266,320,1840,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2014a
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The species
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938377F11E971BF8A8D1A31911" box="[588,686,1840,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ivkae">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E971BF8A8D1A31911" box="[588,686,1840,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">E. ivkae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only endemic species of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938377F11E91B7F8A8D6431910" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1916" box="[1248,1358,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Drusinae">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E91B7F8A8D6431910" box="[1248,1358,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Drusinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Croatian fauna, described from the Cetina River spring reach (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E96DDF8C8D7841936" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Graf, W. &amp; Vitecek, S. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Balint, M. &amp; Keresztes, L. &amp; Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J." box="[906,1161,1873,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="309 - 329" refId="ref9320" refString="Previsic, A., Graf, W., Vitecek, S., Kucinic, M., Balint, M., Keresztes, L., Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J. (2014 a) Cryptic diversity of caddisflies in the Balkans: the curious case of Ecclisopteryx species (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny, 72 (3), 309 - 329." type="journal article" year="2014">
Previšić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E96A2F8CAD7261936" box="[1013,1067,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2014a
</bibRefCitation>
). In later research, this species was also recorded in the spring area of the Rumin River, a tributary of the Cetina River (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E905DF8EAD3F019EA" author="Vuckovic, I. &amp; Cuk, R. &amp; Cerjanec, D. &amp; Vidakovic, I. &amp; Plantak, M. &amp; Srebocan, M. &amp; Kucinic, M." pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="267 - 278" refId="ref10687" refString="Vuckovic, I., Cuk, R., Cerjanec, D., Vidakovic, I., Plantak, M., Srebocan, M. &amp; Kucinic, M. (2016) The genus Ecclisopteryx (Insecta: Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in Croatia: Distribution and conservation aspects. Natura Croatica, 25 (2), 267 - 278." type="journal article" year="2016">
Vučković
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E90D0F8EDD3A319EA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Within this study, we collected specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938377F11E9619F80FD0BC19EA" box="[846,945,1941,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ivkae">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E9619F80FD0BC19EA" box="[846,945,1941,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">E. ivkae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from localities where it was previously recorded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13F108376F11F95A1FF5DD2B61FB6" blockId="9.[151,1437,195,762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
In this study, we present a new record of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938376F11F9653FF5CD0811E84" box="[772,908,195,222]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keroveci">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F9653FF5CD0811E84" box="[772,908,195,222]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">E. keroveci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the confluence of the Una and Krka Rivers. This record is in line with the previously known range of this species that stretches from Gorski kotar in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808376F11F95E2FE9ED2061F78" box="[181,267,263,290]" name="Croatia" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Croatia</collectingCountry>
to the south-eastern area of Northern
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808376F11F979DFE9ED0411F78" box="[714,844,263,290]" name="Macedonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18376F11F960BFE9ED7121F78" author="Olah, J. &amp; Beshkov, S. &amp; Chvojka, P. &amp; Ciubuc, C. &amp; Coppa, G. &amp; Ibrahimi, H. &amp; Kovacs, T. &amp; Mey, W. &amp; Olah, J. Jr." box="[860,1055,263,290]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="3 - 228" refId="ref8794" refString="Olah, J., Beshkov, S., Chvojka, P., Ciubuc, C., Coppa, G., Ibrahimi, H., Kovacs, T., Mey, W. &amp; Olah, J. Jr. (2017) Revision of Drusinae subfamily (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae): Divergence by paraproct and paramere: speciation in isolation by integration. Opuscula Zoologica, 48 (Supplementum 1), 3 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.18348 / opzool. 2017. S 1.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
Oláh
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F96C8FE91D0DF1F78" box="[927,978,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18376F11F917CFE9ED6121F78" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Graf, W. &amp; Vitecek, S. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Balint, M. &amp; Keresztes, L. &amp; Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J." box="[1067,1311,263,290]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="309 - 329" refId="ref9320" refString="Previsic, A., Graf, W., Vitecek, S., Kucinic, M., Balint, M., Keresztes, L., Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J. (2014 a) Cryptic diversity of caddisflies in the Balkans: the curious case of Ecclisopteryx species (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny, 72 (3), 309 - 329." type="journal article" year="2014">
Previšić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F91C6FE91D7C11F78" box="[1169,1228,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
2014a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18376F11F907DFE9ED2131F19" author="Vuckovic, I. &amp; Cuk, R. &amp; Cerjanec, D. &amp; Vidakovic, I. &amp; Plantak, M. &amp; Srebocan, M. &amp; Kucinic, M." pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="267 - 278" refId="ref10687" refString="Vuckovic, I., Cuk, R., Cerjanec, D., Vidakovic, I., Plantak, M., Srebocan, M. &amp; Kucinic, M. (2016) The genus Ecclisopteryx (Insecta: Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in Croatia: Distribution and conservation aspects. Natura Croatica, 25 (2), 267 - 278." type="journal article" year="2016">
Vučković
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F95C0FEB3D3D81F19" box="[151,213,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938376F11F94E6FEB3D13A1F19" box="[433,567,296,323]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keroveci">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F94E6FEB3D13A1F19" box="[433,567,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">E. keroveci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are scrapers, feeding on periphyton on the surface of stone pebbles and aquatic vegetation.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18376F11F942AFED3D18C1F3F" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Graf, W. &amp; Vitecek, S. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Balint, M. &amp; Keresztes, L. &amp; Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J." box="[381,641,330,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="309 - 329" refId="ref9320" refString="Previsic, A., Graf, W., Vitecek, S., Kucinic, M., Balint, M., Keresztes, L., Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J. (2014 a) Cryptic diversity of caddisflies in the Balkans: the curious case of Ecclisopteryx species (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny, 72 (3), 309 - 329." type="journal article" year="2014">
Previšić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F94B4FED2D11A1F3F" box="[483,535,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
. (2014a)
</bibRefCitation>
provide a description of this species with a
<typeStatus id="54D581B28376F11F91D0FED2D7B41F3F" box="[1159,1209,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
locality in the area of the
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in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808376F11F974BFEF5D04F1FDD" box="[540,834,364,391]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
, with a detailed presentation of the morphology of adult forms of both sexes and a detailed description of the larva.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB5A56A8376F11F96FDFE17D0D51FF3" box="[938,984,398,425]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">The</collectingMunicipality>
findings of
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F9138FE16D7F81FF3" box="[1135,1269,398,425]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">E. keroveci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the
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indicate a similar distribution as
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F971BFE28D1C61F90" box="[588,715,431,458]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">D. schmidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and also certain similarities in the morphology of the larvae between the two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13F108376F11F95A1FE6AD2711CA0" blockId="9.[151,1437,195,762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938376F11F948EFE6DD19D1C54" authorityName="Botosaneanui" authorityYear="1953" box="[473,656,499,526]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmidi">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F948EFE6DD19D1C54" box="[473,656,499,526]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Drusus schmidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F979DFE6DD0401C54" box="[714,845,499,526]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">E. keroveci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(disjunct ranges) indicates the faunal similarity of the Slavonian mountains with the Dinarides. The area of
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F9613FD8FD0C91C6A" box="[836,964,533,560]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">D. schmidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
covers the continental parts of
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, and the area of the Dinarides. It stretches from Livno (
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808376F11F9610FDAFD7781C0B" box="[839,1141,566,593]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
) in the west, to part of
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808376F11F95C0FDC0D3FF1C29" box="[151,242,601,627]" name="Kosovo" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Kosovo</collectingCountry>
in the east (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18376F11F94D0FDC1D1761C29" author="Ibrahimi, H. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Gashi, A. &amp; Kotori, L." box="[391,635,600,627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref6831" refString="Ibrahimi, H., Kucinic, M., Gashi, A. &amp; Grapci- Kotori, L. (2014) Trichoptera Biodiversity of the Aegan and Adriatic Sea basin in the Republic of Kosovo. Journal of Insects Science, 14, 1 - 8. doi: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / jisesa / ieu 071" type="journal article" year="2014">
Ibrahimi
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F94A0FDC0D1211C29" box="[503,556,600,627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
; Marinković-
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18376F11F964CFDC1D0F21C29" author="Gospodnetic, M." box="[795,1023,600,627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="1837 - 1849" refId="ref8561" refString="Marinkovic- Gospodnetic, M. (1979) Trichoptera (Insecta) velikih karstnih izvora u Dinaridima. In: Raus, D. (Ed.), Drugi kongres Ekologa Jugoslavije. Savez drustava ekologa Jugoslavije, Zagreb, pp. 1837 - 1849." type="book chapter" year="1979">Gospodnetić, 1979</bibRefCitation>
). A similar case is observed in the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938376F11F9402FDE2D2C01CCE" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[341,461,635,660]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F9402FDE2D2C01CCE" box="[341,461,635,660]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the Ivanščica Mt. and the Eastern Alps, where this species is considered stenoendemic. In the abovementioned cases, geological and hydrological processes in the past, together with the biological characteristics of the species, cause such a distributional pattern (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18376F11F9110FD24D63C1C82" author="Kucinic, M. &amp; Delic, A. &amp; Cuk, R. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Mihoci, I. &amp; Zganec, K. &amp; Cerjanec, D. &amp; Vuckovic, I." box="[1095,1329,701,728]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="365 - 377" refId="ref7564" refString="Kucinic, M., Delic, A., Cuk, R., Previsic, A., Mihoci, I., Zganec, K., Cerjanec, D. &amp; Vuckovic, I. (2014) The first finding of Drusus bosnicus Group (Insecta, Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) in Croatia with some notes on diversity, distribution and ecology of genus Drusus in Croatia and in Dinaric karst of the Balkan Peninsula. Natura Croatica, 23 (2), 365 - 377." type="journal article" year="2014">
Kučinić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F91F8FD26D7EE1C82" box="[1199,1251,701,728]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18376F11F9069FD24D21B1CA0" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Ivkovic, M. &amp; Milisa, M. &amp; Kerovec, M." pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref9272" refString="Previsic, A., Ivkovic, M., Milisa, M. &amp; Kerovec, M. (2013) Caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) fauna of Papuk Nature Park, Croatia. Natura Croatica, 22 (1), 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2013">
Previšić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028376F11F95C0FD79D3DF1CA0" box="[151,210,735,762]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18376F11F9474FD46D2621CA0" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Graf, W. &amp; Vitecek, S. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Balint, M. &amp; Keresztes, L. &amp; Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J." box="[291,367,735,762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="309 - 329" refId="ref9320" refString="Previsic, A., Graf, W., Vitecek, S., Kucinic, M., Balint, M., Keresztes, L., Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J. (2014 a) Cryptic diversity of caddisflies in the Balkans: the curious case of Ecclisopteryx species (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny, 72 (3), 309 - 329." type="journal article" year="2014">2014a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="31BD7EFBCC843171D8F9DE3BE5C54566">A surprising finding of Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Croatia with notes to DNA barcoding and new distributional data of the subfamily Drusinae</mods:title>
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2.2. New data on the distribution of
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in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808378F1119676FAF9D0751B21" box="[801,888,1376,1403]" name="Croatia" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Croatia</collectingCountry>
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The second recorded species from the genus
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11197ECFA1AD01D1BC6" box="[699,784,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Drusus</emphasis>
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in this study was
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11196A6FA1AD7751BC7" box="[1009,1144,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">D. discolor</emphasis>
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at the spring site of the Čabranka River (
<figureCitation id="135523958378F1119435FA3AD2C11BE4" box="[354,460,1443,1470]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[151,226,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[217,1380,540,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-177@8.[151,1436,505,1655]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spatial distribution of the Drusinae species in Croatia, literature data supplemented with new records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250272/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Figure 4</figureCitation>
). This finding only confirmed the presence of this species at the investigated site, as it was recorded in previous research (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F11197CBFA5CD0DA1BBA" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Popijac A." box="[668,983,1477,1504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="357 - 368" refId="ref9064" refString="Previsic, A. &amp; Popijac A. (2010) Fauna tulara (Insecta: Trichoptera) Kupe, Cabranke i njihovih pritoka (Gorski kotar, zapadna Hrvatska). Natura Croatia, 19 (2), 357 - 368." type="journal article" year="2010">Previšić &amp; Popijač 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Apart from the spring area of the Čabranka River,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938378F111943FFA71D2FC1858" box="[360,497,1511,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F111943FFA71D2FC1858" box="[360,497,1511,1538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">D. discolor</emphasis>
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was first found in Croatian fauna in the larval stage in the Mrežnica River (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F11195C8F990D24E187E" author="Habdija, I." box="[159,323,1545,1572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="1433 - 1446" refId="ref6602" refString="Habdija, I. (1979) Licinke Trichoptera kao indikatori ekologijskih prilika u bentosu krskih voda. In: Raus (Ed.), Drugi kongres Ekologa Jugoslavije (Second Congress of Ecologists of Yugoslavia). Savez drustava ekologa Jugoslavije, Zagreb, pp. 1433 - 1446." type="book chapter" year="1979">Habdija 1979</bibRefCitation>
) and in the adult stage at the spring of the Dobra River (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F11196A6F990D7E1187E" author="Cerjanec, D. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Vilenica, M. &amp; Cukusic, A. &amp; Cuk, R. &amp; Ibrahimi, H. &amp; Vuckovic, I. &amp; Zalac, S. &amp; Ruk, D." box="[1009,1260,1545,1572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="6 - 39" refId="ref6056" refString="Cerjanec, D., Kucinic, M., Vilenica, M., Cukusic, A., Cuk, R., Ibrahimi, H., Vuckovic, I., Zalac, S. &amp; Ruk, D. (2020) Ecological and faunistic features of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in different types of habitats in the Dinaric karst area (Central Croatia). Ecologica Montenegrina, 36, 6 - 39. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.37828 / em. 2020.36.2" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cerjanec
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119132F993D7AE187E" box="[1125,1187,1545,1572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). According to the distribution,
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F111940EF9B5D2D0181F" box="[345,477,1578,1605]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">D. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most probably has the widest distribution (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F111968BF9B2D797181C" author="Graf, W. &amp; Murphy, J. &amp; Dahl, J. &amp; Zamora-Munoz, C. &amp; Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Kloiber., A." box="[988,1178,1578,1606]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" refId="ref6537" refString="Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., Lopez- Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Schmidt- Kloiber., A. (2021): Dataset &quot; Trichoptera &quot;. www. freshwaterecology. info - the taxa and autecology database for freshwater organisms, version 7.0 (accessed on 22.10.2021)." type="book" year="2021">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F111914BF9B5D75A181F" box="[1052,1111,1578,1605]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2021
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) among all species of the genus
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119458F9D4D266183C" box="[271,363,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
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.
</emphasis>
The larva is characterized by a very pronounced area with small, thick, yellow hairs on the head in which it collects some organic matter and small invertebrates which it &quot;removes&quot; with especially adapted forelegs with large and strong hairs. According to the feeding
<typeStatus id="54D581B28378F11196ADF908D72218F1" box="[1018,1071,1681,1707]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
, it belongs to the carnivorous caddisflies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F1119470F928D1291896" author="Vitecek, S. &amp; Graf, W. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Olah, J. &amp; Balint, M. &amp; Keresztes, L. &amp; Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J." box="[295,548,1713,1740]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="249 - 260" refId="ref10354" refString="Vitecek, S., Graf, W., Previsic, A., Kucinic, M., Olah, J., Balint, M., Keresztes, L., Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J. (2015 a) A hairy case: The evolution of filtering carnivorous Drusinae (Limnephilidae, Trichoptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 93, 249 - 260. doi: 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2015.07.019" type="journal article" year="2015">
Vitecek
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11194D8F92AD2CB1896" box="[399,454,1713,1740]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2015a
</bibRefCitation>
). Both sexes of the adult stage, as well as the larva, are well known and described (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F1119440F94AD2CC18B4" author="Malicky, H." box="[279,449,1747,1774]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" refId="ref8494" refString="Malicky, H. (2004) Atlas of European Trichoptera. Springer, Dordrecht, 359 pp." type="book" year="2004">Malicky 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F111949BF94AD1B118B4" author="Vitecek, S. &amp; Graf, W. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Olah, J. &amp; Balint, M. &amp; Keresztes, L. &amp; Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J." box="[460,700,1747,1774]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="249 - 260" refId="ref10354" refString="Vitecek, S., Graf, W., Previsic, A., Kucinic, M., Olah, J., Balint, M., Keresztes, L., Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J. (2015 a) A hairy case: The evolution of filtering carnivorous Drusinae (Limnephilidae, Trichoptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 93, 249 - 260. doi: 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2015.07.019" type="journal article" year="2015">
Vitecek
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119778F94DD16F18B4" box="[559,610,1747,1774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2015a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F111979FF94AD0D518B4" author="Waringer, J. &amp; Graf, W." box="[712,984,1747,1774]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" refId="ref10842" refString="Waringer, J. &amp; Graf, W. (2011) Atlas der mitteleuropaischen Kocherfliegenlarven - Atlas of Central European Trichoptera Larvae. Erik Mauch Verlag, Dinkelscherben, 469 pp." type="book" year="2011">Waringer &amp; Graf 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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2.1. New data on the distribution of
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in
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was recorded from the highest number of localities surveyed in the study, nine (50%) out of 18 (
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). It is a species whose
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locality is the spring of the
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and the
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within the
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. The species was found and described in the early 1970s by biology professor
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Marinković-
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from the
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, Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina (Marinković-
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).
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studies recorded this species in about 20 springs in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808378F111919BFB96D62F1A70" box="[1228,1314,1039,1066]" name="Croatia" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Croatia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F1119065FB96D2141A11" author="Cerjanec, D. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Vilenica, M. &amp; Cukusic, A. &amp; Cuk, R. &amp; Ibrahimi, H. &amp; Vuckovic, I. &amp; Zalac, S. &amp; Ruk, D." pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="6 - 39" refId="ref6056" refString="Cerjanec, D., Kucinic, M., Vilenica, M., Cukusic, A., Cuk, R., Ibrahimi, H., Vuckovic, I., Zalac, S. &amp; Ruk, D. (2020) Ecological and faunistic features of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in different types of habitats in the Dinaric karst area (Central Croatia). Ecologica Montenegrina, 36, 6 - 39. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.37828 / em. 2020.36.2" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cerjanec
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11195C0FBA8D3C11A11" box="[151,204,1072,1099]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F1119471FBA9D1011A11" author="Kucinic, M. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Gottstein, S. &amp; Hrasovec, B. &amp; Kostroman, S. &amp; Pernek, M. &amp; Delic, A." box="[294,524,1072,1099]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref7173" refString="Kucinic, M., Previsic, A., Gottstein, S., Hrasovec, B., Stanic- Kostroman, S., Pernek, M. &amp; Delic, A. (2008) Description of the larvae of Drusus radovanovici septentrionis Marinkovic- Gospodnetic, 1976 and Drusus croaticus Marinkovic- Gospodnetic, 1971 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Zootaxa, 1783, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="2008">
Kučinić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11194DCFBA8D2CD1A11" box="[395,448,1072,1099]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
, 2014; Marinković-
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F11197A0FBA9D0DF1A11" author="Gospodnetic, M." box="[759,978,1072,1099]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="1837 - 1849" refId="ref8561" refString="Marinkovic- Gospodnetic, M. (1979) Trichoptera (Insecta) velikih karstnih izvora u Dinaridima. In: Raus, D. (Ed.), Drugi kongres Ekologa Jugoslavije. Savez drustava ekologa Jugoslavije, Zagreb, pp. 1837 - 1849." type="book chapter" year="1979">Gospodnetić 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F1119688FBA9D7CA1A11" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Kerovec, M. &amp; Kucinic, M." box="[991,1223,1072,1099]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref9108" refString="Previsic, A., Kerovec, M. &amp; Kucinic, M. (2007) Emergence and Composition of Trichoptera from Karst Habitans, Plitvice lakes Region, Croatia. International Review of Hydrobiology, 92 (1), 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2007">
Previšić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119111FBA8D7771A11" box="[1094,1146,1072,1099]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F1119183FBA9D61F1A11" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Walton, C. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Mitrikeski, P. T. &amp; Kerovec, M." box="[1236,1298,1072,1099]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="634 - 647" refId="ref9154" refString="Previsic, A., Walton, C., Kucinic, M., Mitrikeski, P. T. &amp; Kerovec, M. (2009) Pleistocene divergence of Dinaric Drusus endemics (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) in multiple refugia within the Balkan Peninsula. Molecular Ecology, 18 (4), 634 - 647." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F1119048FBA9D23A1A37" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Popijac A." pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="357 - 368" refId="ref9064" refString="Previsic, A. &amp; Popijac A. (2010) Fauna tulara (Insecta: Trichoptera) Kupe, Cabranke i njihovih pritoka (Gorski kotar, zapadna Hrvatska). Natura Croatia, 19 (2), 357 - 368." type="journal article" year="2010">Previšić &amp; Popijač 2010</bibRefCitation>
), and with this research the species was found for the first time in the
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near the settlement of
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, where the spring of the
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is situated, while its sinkhole is in
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polje (
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).
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feeding behaviour,
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is also a grazer (
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Kučinić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F111905AFB0ED64F1AEB" box="[1293,1346,1174,1201]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
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), and emerges in two peaks, spring and autumn, most likely as two one-year generations.
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flight period is quite long: about 7 months (
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Kučinić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F111971DFB43D1731AAE" box="[586,638,1241,1268]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2017b
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), as is often the case with species living in springs or crenal sections of mountain and mountain streams.
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sexes and larval stages of this species are well known and described (
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Kučinić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F111942AFA87D2BC1B6D" box="[381,433,1308,1335]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
; Marinković-
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F11197CBFA85D07B1B6D" author="Gospodnetic, M." box="[668,886,1308,1335]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="105 - 109" refId="ref8532" refString="Marinkovic- Gospodnetic, M. (1971) The species of the genus Drusus in Yugoslavia. Godisnjak Bioloskog Instituta Univerziteta Sarajevo, 24, 105 - 109." type="journal article" year="1971">Gospodnetić 1971</bibRefCitation>
).
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2.3. New data on the distribution of
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119717F881D1FA196B" box="[576,759,1814,1841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Drusus schmidi</emphasis>
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in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808378F111964AF88FD079196B" box="[797,884,1814,1841]" name="Croatia" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Croatia</collectingCountry>
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The third species,
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119424F8A3D2FE1909" box="[371,499,1848,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">D. schmidi</emphasis>
Botosaneanui, 1953
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, was recorded during this research at four localities in the area of the Papuk Mt. and at one locality in the area of the Krndija Mt. in the continental-lowland part of
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808378F11195C0F8E5D3E319CD" box="[151,238,1916,1943]" name="Croatia" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Croatia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135523958378F1119457F8E5D26619CD" box="[256,363,1916,1943]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[151,226,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[217,1380,540,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-177@8.[151,1436,505,1655]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spatial distribution of the Drusinae species in Croatia, literature data supplemented with new records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250272/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Figure 4</figureCitation>
). Previous research has recorded this species in the Papuk Mt. area at two locations, the Dubočanka Stream and the Jankovac Spring (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F111978EF804D0D419E2" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Ivkovic, M. &amp; Milisa, M. &amp; Kerovec, M." box="[729,985,1949,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref9272" refString="Previsic, A., Ivkovic, M., Milisa, M. &amp; Kerovec, M. (2013) Caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) fauna of Papuk Nature Park, Croatia. Natura Croatica, 22 (1), 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2013">
Previšić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F111961EF806D08919E2" box="[841,900,1949,1976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
), and our research has significantly expanded its distributional range in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F808378F111970CF826D1BF1980" box="[603,690,1983,2010]" name="Croatia" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Croatia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135523958378F1119790F826D0381980" box="[711,821,1983,2010]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[151,226,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[217,1380,540,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-177@8.[151,1436,505,1655]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Spatial distribution of the Drusinae species in Croatia, literature data supplemented with new records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250272/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Figure 4</figureCitation>
). Morphological identification of larvae was also confirmed by DNA barcoding (
<tableCitation id="C6EC0AAB8378F111975BF878D16719A6" box="[524,618,2017,2044]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[151,216,226,250]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Collection data and BOLD IDs of obtained sequences in this study." pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Analysis of DNA barcoding data indicated an association of larvae and adults of
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E946AFF5CD2B31E84" box="[317,446,195,222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">D. schmidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has not been done so far. Adult forms of both males and females are well known (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E95AAFF7CD2A21F5A" author="Malicky, H." box="[253,431,229,256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" refId="ref8494" refString="Malicky, H. (2004) Atlas of European Trichoptera. Springer, Dordrecht, 359 pp." type="book" year="2004">Malicky 2004</bibRefCitation>
), and for morphological characteristics of larva there are only preliminary data (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E95C8FE9ED2941F78" author="Waringer, J. &amp; Graf, W. &amp; Balint, M. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Pauls, S. U. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Keresztes, L. &amp; Ibrahimi, H. &amp; Zivic, I. &amp; Bjelanovic, K. &amp; Krpac, V. &amp; Vitecek, S." box="[159,409,263,290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="344 - 361" refId="ref11056" refString="Waringer, J., Graf, W., Balint, M., Kucinic, M., Pauls, S. U., Previsic, A., Keresztes, L., Ibrahimi, H., Zivic, I., Bjelanovic, K., Krpac, V. &amp; Vitecek, S. (2015) Larval morphology and phylogenetic position of Drusus balcanicus, D. botosaneanui, D. serbicus and D. tenellus (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae: Drusinae). European Journal of Entomology, 112 (3), 344 - 361." type="journal article" year="2015">
Waringer
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E944EFE91D2431F78" box="[281,334,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
) because the description of the larva has only recently been completed (Kučinić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E9036FE91D6981F78" box="[1377,1429,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. in prep.).
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E9458FEB3D29D1F19" box="[271,400,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">D. schmidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the group of so-called &quot;yellow&quot; caddisflies (at the adult stage). Unlike the &quot;black&quot; caddisflies from the
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<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E94AAFED2D1C81F3F" box="[509,709,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Drusus bosnicus</emphasis>
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Group, which are active during the day and have smaller distributions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E9469FEF5D13F1FDD" author="Kucinic, M. &amp; Delic, A. &amp; Cuk, R. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Mihoci, I. &amp; Zganec, K. &amp; Cerjanec, D. &amp; Vuckovic, I." box="[318,562,364,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="365 - 377" refId="ref7564" refString="Kucinic, M., Delic, A., Cuk, R., Previsic, A., Mihoci, I., Zganec, K., Cerjanec, D. &amp; Vuckovic, I. (2014) The first finding of Drusus bosnicus Group (Insecta, Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) in Croatia with some notes on diversity, distribution and ecology of genus Drusus in Croatia and in Dinaric karst of the Balkan Peninsula. Natura Croatica, 23 (2), 365 - 377." type="journal article" year="2014">
Kučinić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E94FFFEF4D2ED1FDD" box="[424,480,364,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
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), “yellow” caddisflies have a more pronounced flight and are active at night. In a certain number of “yellow” caddisfly species, significantly larger distributional areas have been recorded (Marinković-
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E94F6FE36D1711F90" author="Gospodnetic, M." box="[417,636,431,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="1837 - 1849" refId="ref8561" refString="Marinkovic- Gospodnetic, M. (1979) Trichoptera (Insecta) velikih karstnih izvora u Dinaridima. In: Raus, D. (Ed.), Drugi kongres Ekologa Jugoslavije. Savez drustava ekologa Jugoslavije, Zagreb, pp. 1837 - 1849." type="book chapter" year="1979">Gospodnetić 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E97DFFE36D05D1F90" author="Pauls, S. U. &amp; Lumbsch, H. T. &amp; Haase, P." box="[648,848,431,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="2153 - 2169" refId="ref8893" refString="Pauls, S. U., Lumbsch, H. T. &amp; Haase, P. (2006) Phylogeography of the montane caddisfly Drusus discolor: evidence for multiple refugia and periglacial survival. Molecular Ecology, 15, 2153 - 2169." type="journal article" year="2006">
Pauls
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E9798FE28D00E1F90" box="[719,771,431,458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E960BFE36D74D1F90" author="Previsic, A. &amp; Walton, C. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Mitrikeski, P. T. &amp; Kerovec, M." box="[860,1088,431,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="634 - 647" refId="ref9154" refString="Previsic, A., Walton, C., Kucinic, M., Mitrikeski, P. T. &amp; Kerovec, M. (2009) Pleistocene divergence of Dinaric Drusus endemics (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) in multiple refugia within the Balkan Peninsula. Molecular Ecology, 18 (4), 634 - 647." type="journal article" year="2009">
Previšić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E9695FE28D0FB1F90" box="[962,1014,431,458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
) compared to microendemics of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938377F11E95B5FE4BD2A81FB6" authorityName="Klapalek" authorityYear="1899" box="[226,421,465,492]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bosnicus">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E95B5FE4BD2A81FB6" box="[226,421,465,492]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Drusus bosnicus</emphasis>
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Group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E9751FE48D1E01FB6" author="Kucinic, M. &amp; Delic, A. &amp; Cuk, R. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Mihoci, I. &amp; Zganec, K. &amp; Cerjanec, D. &amp; Vuckovic, I." box="[518,749,465,492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="365 - 377" refId="ref7564" refString="Kucinic, M., Delic, A., Cuk, R., Previsic, A., Mihoci, I., Zganec, K., Cerjanec, D. &amp; Vuckovic, I. (2014) The first finding of Drusus bosnicus Group (Insecta, Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) in Croatia with some notes on diversity, distribution and ecology of genus Drusus in Croatia and in Dinaric karst of the Balkan Peninsula. Natura Croatica, 23 (2), 365 - 377." type="journal article" year="2014">
Kučinić
<emphasis id="B91AE3028377F11E973AFE4BD1AD1FB6" box="[621,672,465,492]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
; Marinković-
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18377F11E96DCFE48D76B1FB6" author="Gospodnetic, M." box="[907,1126,465,492]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="1837 - 1849" refId="ref8561" refString="Marinkovic- Gospodnetic, M. (1979) Trichoptera (Insecta) velikih karstnih izvora u Dinaridima. In: Raus, D. (Ed.), Drugi kongres Ekologa Jugoslavije. Savez drustava ekologa Jugoslavije, Zagreb, pp. 1837 - 1849." type="book chapter" year="1979">Gospodnetić 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3746C9B837BF11295C0F9D0D74F183E" box="[151,1090,1609,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837BF11295C0F9D0D74F183E" blockId="4.[151,1090,1609,1636]" box="[151,1090,1609,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
1.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF11295EAF9D0D167183E" ID-CoL="6DTPW" authority="Malicky, 1979" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[189,618,1609,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF11295EAF9D0D2B91839" box="[189,436,1609,1636]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ecclisopteryx asterix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E1837BF11294ECF9D0D167183E" author="Malicky, H." box="[443,618,1609,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" pagination="3 - 16" refId="ref8463" refString="Malicky, H. (1979) Notes on Some Caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Europa and Iran. Aquatic Insects, 1 (1), 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="1979">Malicky, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: An Alpine endemic lives in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837BF1129697F9D0D71B183E" box="[960,1046,1609,1636]" name="Croatia" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Croatia</collectingCountry>
too
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3746C9B837BF11195C0F914D68A1C29" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837BF11295C0F914D75C1928" blockId="4.[151,1436,1676,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
In the current study, we found larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129727F915D06A18FD" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[624,871,1676,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129727F915D06A18FD" box="[624,871,1676,1703]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ecclisopteryx asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837BF112914DF914D77E18F2" box="[1050,1139,1677,1704]" name="Croatia" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Croatia</collectingCountry>
, at the
<location id="8EB169CB837BF1129190F914D66518FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C78E06837BF11195C0F9D0D68A1C29:8EB169CB837BF1129190F914D66518FD" box="[1223,1384,1677,1704]" country="Croatia" municipality="southeastern Alps" name="Ivanscica Mt." pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ivanščica Mt.</location>
(i.e.
<specimenCount id="9D68F499837BF11295C0F937D22C1893" box="[151,289,1710,1737]" count="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="larva">three larvae</specimenCount>
of species
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF11294F3F936D1181892" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[420,533,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF11294F3F936D1181892" box="[420,533,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected at the Šumi Spring during two visits, on
<date id="FFD019D0837BF11291FEF937D6661893" box="[1193,1387,1707,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" value="2015-03-10">
<collectingDate id="EF94E038837BF11291FEF937D6661893" box="[1193,1387,1707,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" value="2015-03-10">
March 10
<superScript id="7C1B9258837BF112904CF932D62418E6" attach="left" box="[1307,1321,1707,1724]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">th</superScript>
2015
</collectingDate>
</date>
and on
<date id="FFD019D0837BF11295EAF949D27A18B1" box="[189,375,1741,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" value="2021-03-06">
<collectingDate id="EF94E038837BF11295EAF949D27A18B1" box="[189,375,1741,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" value="2021-03-06">
March 6
<superScript id="7C1B9258837BF1129476F954D2221884" attach="left" box="[289,303,1741,1758]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">th</superScript>
2021
</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<tableCitation id="C6EC0AAB837BF11294D4F949D2D318B1" box="[387,478,1744,1771]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[151,216,330,354]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. List of six (6) Drusinae species recorded in Croatia within this study." pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Table 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13552395837BF11294BAF949D15D18B1" box="[493,592,1744,1771]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1131,1155]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,202,1102]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[151,1436,189,1113]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. A New record of Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 in Croatia (red dot) and hitherto known range in Austria, Slovenia and Italy (yellow area) (Robert, 2015); B the crenal reach of the Šumi Spring, and C a close up of the habitat where E. asterix larvae were collected." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250262/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). Up till now,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129654F948D07818B0" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[771,885,1745,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129654F948D07818B0" box="[771,885,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered a stenoendemic species of the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB5A56A837BF11295C0F96BD2611957" box="[151,364,1778,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">southeastern Alps</collectingMunicipality>
, distributed in the limnoecoregion 4 only (the Alps;
<figureCitation id="13552395837BF112968EF96BD75E1957" box="[985,1107,1778,1805]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1131,1155]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,202,1102]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[151,1436,189,1113]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. A New record of Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 in Croatia (red dot) and hitherto known range in Austria, Slovenia and Italy (yellow area) (Robert, 2015); B the crenal reach of the Šumi Spring, and C a close up of the habitat where E. asterix larvae were collected." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250262/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E1837BF1129137F96BD62C1957" author="Graf, W. &amp; Murphy, J. &amp; Dahl, J. &amp; Zamora-Munoz, C. &amp; Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Kloiber., A." box="[1120,1313,1778,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" refId="ref6537" refString="Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., Lopez- Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Schmidt- Kloiber., A. (2021): Dataset &quot; Trichoptera &quot;. www. freshwaterecology. info - the taxa and autecology database for freshwater organisms, version 7.0 (accessed on 22.10.2021)." type="book" year="2021">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF11291C8F96AD7DE1957" box="[1183,1235,1778,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, by adding one more
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129422F88AD2D31974" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1916" box="[373,478,1811,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Drusinae">Drusinae</taxonomicName>
species to the list of caddisfly species in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837BF11296A0F88AD7401974" box="[1015,1101,1811,1838]" name="Croatia" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Croatia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E1837BF1129135F88AD6561974" author="Kucinic, M. &amp; Malicky, H. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Vuckovic, I. &amp; Cerjanec, D. &amp; Kutnjak, H. &amp; Zivic, I. &amp; Graf, W." box="[1122,1371,1811,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" pagination="30 - 31" refId="ref7411" refString="Kucinic, M., Malicky, H., Previsic, A., Vuckovic, I., Cerjanec, D., Kutnjak, H., Zivic, I. &amp; Graf, W. (2012) First Check List of Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Croatia. Poster, pp. 30 - 31. In: XIV International Symposium on Trichoptera, Vladivostok, Russia, 75 pp." type="book chapter" year="2012">
Kučinić
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129198F88DD6021974" box="[1231,1295,1811,1838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), our findings bring new insights into the distribution of this species. This suggests that
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129129F8AFD7FC1915" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[1150,1265,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129129F8AFD7FC1915" box="[1150,1265,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a broader distribution, or at least that some additional disjunct populations exist in the area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837BF11395A1F8E3D2F61F78" blockId="4.[151,1436,1676,2041]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,195,492]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
Even though we only found larvae, these could be identified after morphological examination and comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129426F803D03619EF" authority="Moretti, 1991" authorityName="Moretti" authorityYear="1991" box="[369,827,1946,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malickyi">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129426F803D18F19EF" box="[369,642,1946,1973]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ecclisopteryx malickyi</emphasis>
Moretti, 1991
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF1129619F805D60D19EF" authority="(Stephens, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[846,1280,1946,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF1129619F805D72819EF" box="[846,1061,1946,1973]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Drusus annulatus</emphasis>
(Stephens, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837BF112901FF805D2CA198D" authority="(Pictet, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatus">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837BF112901FF805D201198D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Drusus biguttatus</emphasis>
(Pictet, 1834)
</taxonomicName>
. These species differ in the contours of the pronotum in lateral view, the presence/absence of the pronotal transverse groove, the shape of the median notch of the pronotum (in anterior view), pronotal sculpturing, presence/absence of the lateral carina of the head capsule, the number of proximo-dorsal setae on the mid-and hind femora, where the lateral fringe starts on the abdomen, and also in distribution (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E1837AF113947AFE9ED2E31F78" author="Graf, W. &amp; Kucinic, M. &amp; Previsic, A. &amp; Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J." box="[301,494,263,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" pagination="136 - 142" refId="ref6463" refString="Graf, W., Kucinic, M., Previsic, A., Pauls, S. U. &amp; Waringer, J. (2011) The larva of Ecclisopteryx malickyi Moretti, 1991 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae: Drusinae), with comments on the genus. Zoosymposia, 5 (1), 136 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zoosymposia. 5.1.11" type="journal article" year="2011">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF113943AFE91D2AD1F78" box="[365,416,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837AF11395A1FEB0D74F1FB6" blockId="5.[151,1437,195,492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF1139434FEB3D2D91F19" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[355,468,298,323]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139434FEB3D2D91F19" box="[355,468,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
look similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF11397C6FEB3D0271F19" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[657,810,296,323]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11397C6FEB3D0271F19" box="[657,810,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">D. annulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF1139633FEB3D0F31F19" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[868,1022,296,323]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatus">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139633FEB3D0F31F19" box="[868,1022,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">D. biguttatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is characterized by the shape of the case, which is smooth, slightly curved and consists completely of mineral particles (
<figureCitation id="13552395837AF1139183FED3D65B1F3F" box="[1236,1366,330,357]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[151,226,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,517,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-163@5.[151,1436,505,1483]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. A Larva of Ecclisiopteryx asterix in its case; B morphological character important for identification: shape of the pronotum (p); C pronotum (p), mesonotum (me), and sclerites at metanotum (mt) in dorsal view; D abdominal segments I-VI with gills (g) and lateral fringe (lf), right lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
). The dorsal line of the pronotum is rounded in the last third, creating a small dorsal hump, and a step-like interruption of the dorsal silhouette (
<figureCitation id="13552395837AF1139733FE17D1EB1FF3" box="[612,742,398,425]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[151,226,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,517,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-163@5.[151,1436,505,1483]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. A Larva of Ecclisiopteryx asterix in its case; B morphological character important for identification: shape of the pronotum (p); C pronotum (p), mesonotum (me), and sclerites at metanotum (mt) in dorsal view; D abdominal segments I-VI with gills (g) and lateral fringe (lf), right lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
). The metanotum is partially covered by three pairs of sclerites of which the anterior pair is large, ovoid and has a very narrow median separation (
<figureCitation id="13552395837AF113918BFE36D6551F90" box="[1244,1368,431,458]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[151,226,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,517,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-163@5.[151,1436,505,1483]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. A Larva of Ecclisiopteryx asterix in its case; B morphological character important for identification: shape of the pronotum (p); C pronotum (p), mesonotum (me), and sclerites at metanotum (mt) in dorsal view; D abdominal segments I-VI with gills (g) and lateral fringe (lf), right lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
). The lateral fringe starts on the last third of the third abdominal segment (
<figureCitation id="13552395837AF11396E0FE48D7391FB6" box="[951,1076,465,492]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[151,226,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,517,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-163@5.[151,1436,505,1483]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. A Larva of Ecclisiopteryx asterix in its case; B morphological character important for identification: shape of the pronotum (p); C pronotum (p), mesonotum (me), and sclerites at metanotum (mt) in dorsal view; D abdominal segments I-VI with gills (g) and lateral fringe (lf), right lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF116F98837AF11395C0FA48D062187C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13250268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" startId="5.[151,226,1489,1513]" targetBox="[160,1424,517,1469]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837AF11395C0FA48D062187C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1489,1575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11395C0FA48D3FA1BB3" bold="true" box="[151,247,1489,1513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139451FA48D2141BB3" bold="true" box="[262,281,1489,1513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF11394D4FA48D1671BB3" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[387,618,1489,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11394D4FA48D1671BB3" box="[387,618,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Ecclisiopteryx asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its case;
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11397BCFA48D1F01BB3" bold="true" box="[747,765,1489,1513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
morphological character important for identification: shape of the pronotum (p);
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139432FA69D2751852" bold="true" box="[357,376,1520,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">C</emphasis>
pronotum (p), mesonotum (me), and sclerites at metanotum (mt) in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139059FA69D62C1852" bold="true" box="[1294,1313,1520,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">D</emphasis>
abdominal segments I-VI with gills (g) and lateral fringe (lf), right lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837AF11395C0F9E8D04B1922" blockId="5.[151,1437,1649,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
Additionally, molecular analyses supported our morphological identification as obtained sequences were identified as the same species we identified using morphological characters. The new findings of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF113907DF90DD69018F7" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[1322,1437,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF113907DF90DD69018F7" box="[1322,1437,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were confirmed with the use of BOLD Identification Engine (98.17 – 98.32 %, private sequence, sample from
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837AF113958DF94FD23B18AB" box="[218,310,1750,1777]" name="Austria" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Austria</collectingCountry>
). Obtained
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139495F94ED2F918AB" box="[450,500,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">COI</emphasis>
gene sequences were 658 bp long and formed two
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF113913CF94ED79018AB" box="[1131,1181,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">COI</emphasis>
haplotypes with low sequence divergence (0.00153 uncorrected
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11397C0F960D1AB1948" box="[663,678,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">p</emphasis>
-distance) and with low sequence divergence between the single
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF11395C0F882D203196E" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,270,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11395C0F882D203196E" box="[151,270,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequence available on BOLD (
<tableCitation id="C6EC0AAB837AF11397C9F883D00F196F" box="[670,770,1818,1845]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[151,216,226,250]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Collection data and BOLD IDs of obtained sequences in this study." pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The topology was congruent during two conducted analyses (
<figureCitation id="13552395837AF1139459F8A5D274190D" box="[270,377,1852,1879]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[151,226,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,303,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-43@6.[151,1436,257,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogram based on the COI sequences of Ecclisopteryx asterix from Croatia and haplotypes of Ecclisopteryx species available in BOLD database. Numbers at the nodes indicate maximum likelihood (ML) bootstrap support values (BS). Terminal codes represent BOLD Process IDs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250270/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF1139716F8A4D1BB190C" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[577,694,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139716F8A4D1BB190C" box="[577,694,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837AF1139651F8A5D050190D" box="[774,861,1852,1879]" name="Croatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Croatia</collectingCountry>
group together with the single sequence of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF11390D3F8A4D3EA192D" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF11390D3F8A4D3EA192D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HMKKT864-11) available in the BOLD database.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13F10837AF11095A1F8E6D1151F5A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1649,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1435,195,256]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
A separate taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4493837AF1139729F819D1FE19C3" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[638,755,1920,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE302837AF1139729F819D1FE19C3" box="[638,755,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is possible for populations in
<collectingCountry id="F3797F80837AF1139138F8E6D7C419C0" box="[1135,1225,1919,1946]" name="Croatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Croatia</collectingCountry>
. For now, this is indicated by DNA barcoding data, as well as the separation of populations from the Ivanščica Mt. However, for any taxonomic study it is hard to make a conclusion with only three collected larvae. Future investigations are needed and planned as it is necessary to collect more larvae and adults of both sexes for detailed morphological analyses.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF116F988379F11095C0F953D7061945" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13250270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13250270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13250270/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" startId="6.[151,226,1738,1762]" targetBox="[222,1373,303,1703]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD13F108379F11095C0F953D7061945" blockId="6.[151,1437,1738,1823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F11095C0F953D3F618B8" bold="true" box="[151,251,1738,1762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Figure 3</emphasis>
. Maximum likelihood phylogram based on the
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F110964EF953D04A18BB" box="[793,839,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">COI</emphasis>
sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938379F11096BBF953D7DD18B8" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[1004,1232,1738,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F11096BBF953D7DD18B8" box="[1004,1232,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Ecclisopteryx asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Croatia and haplotypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938379F1109465F971D117195A" box="[306,538,1768,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F1109465F971D2CE195A" box="[306,451,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Ecclisopteryx</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
available in BOLD database. Numbers at the nodes indicate maximum likelihood (ML) bootstrap support values (BS). Terminal codes represent BOLD Process IDs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13F108379F11195C0F8F3D68A1C29" blockId="6.[151,1437,1898,2026]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,195,627]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938379F11095C0F8F3D28219DE" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,399,1898,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F11095C0F8F3D28219DE" box="[151,399,1898,1925]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Ecclisopteryx asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is mainly montane species, distributed from
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above sea level (Urbanič
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F11090DFF8F2D3A319FD" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">et al</emphasis>
. 2003). It inhabits springs, spring reaches and upper stream reaches, and is considered as a lithal habitat specialist and a cold water stenotherm (
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Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F11097E0F837D1F91992" box="[695,756,1965,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Because of these characteristics, it is also highly vulnerable to climate changes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18379F110975FF856D1C019B0" author="Graf, W. &amp; Murphy, J. &amp; Dahl, J. &amp; Zamora-Munoz, C. &amp; Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Kloiber., A." box="[520,717,1999,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" refId="ref6537" refString="Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., Lopez- Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Schmidt- Kloiber., A. (2021): Dataset &quot; Trichoptera &quot;. www. freshwaterecology. info - the taxa and autecology database for freshwater organisms, version 7.0 (accessed on 22.10.2021)." type="book" year="2021">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028379F110971EF849D18819B0" box="[585,645,1999,2026]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). According to the morphology of the mouth parts, larvae of this species are scrapers, caddisflies that feed on periphyton on stone pebbles and aquatic plants. The location at the Šumi Spring is at an altitude of ca.
<quantity id="4C9692F58378F11197AAFF7CD0441F5A" box="[765,841,229,256]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
a.s.l., in line with
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938378F1119166FF7FD7AE1EA5" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[1073,1187,230,255]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119166FF7FD7AE1EA5" box="[1073,1187,230,255]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being a submontane species (
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Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119417FE91D2731F78" box="[320,382,263,290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Generally, the habitat where it was collected is similar to the ecology from the Alpine region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F1119419FEB1D11E1F19" author="Graf, W. &amp; Murphy, J. &amp; Dahl, J. &amp; Zamora-Munoz, C. &amp; Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Kloiber., A." box="[334,531,296,323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" refId="ref6537" refString="Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., Lopez- Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Schmidt- Kloiber., A. (2021): Dataset &quot; Trichoptera &quot;. www. freshwaterecology. info - the taxa and autecology database for freshwater organisms, version 7.0 (accessed on 22.10.2021)." type="book" year="2021">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11194C7FEB3D2C31F19" box="[400,462,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). We collected larvae in a small (ca.
<quantity id="4C9692F58378F1119688FEB1D7031F19" box="[991,1038,296,323]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
wide, average
<quantity id="4C9692F58378F111919FFEB1D6191F19" box="[1224,1300,296,323]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
deep), fast flowing brook, around
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downstream of the spring (spring is partially captured). This is typical of the habitat preference of this species, as it mainly inhabits hypocrenal, but also eucrenal and epirithral areas, and zones with higher current velocity (
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Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11197D8FE16D1C31FF3" box="[655,718,398,425]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). The substrate consists of bare microlithal (
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) (60%) and mesolithal (
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) covered by moss (35%) with only 5% of akal (0,2-
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), what is also in accordance with species substrate preferences. The temperature in
<date id="FFD019D08378F11196FEFE48D7341FB6" box="[937,1081,465,492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" value="2015-03">March 2015</date>
at 3:00 PM was 9.3°C, which corresponds with cold stenotherm temperature preferences according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF42E18378F111916CFE6AD6211C54" author="Graf, W. &amp; Murphy, J. &amp; Dahl, J. &amp; Zamora-Munoz, C. &amp; Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Kloiber., A." box="[1083,1324,499,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" refId="ref6537" refString="Graf, W., Murphy, J., Dahl, J., Zamora-Munoz, C., Lopez- Rodriguez M. J. &amp; Schmidt- Kloiber., A. (2021): Dataset &quot; Trichoptera &quot;. www. freshwaterecology. info - the taxa and autecology database for freshwater organisms, version 7.0 (accessed on 22.10.2021)." type="book" year="2021">
Graf
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F11191D4FE6DD7C41C54" box="[1155,1225,499,526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
. Electric conductivity was 429 µS/cm. Hence, we found
<taxonomicName id="4C6E44938378F1119798FD8FD04F1C75" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1979" box="[719,834,534,559]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asterix">
<emphasis id="B91AE3028378F1119798FD8FD04F1C75" box="[719,834,534,559]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">E. asterix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a typical habitat, but geographically dislocated. It is therefore highly likely that the species inhabits additional similar habitats in the vicinity of the Šumi Spring, but also in areas in between the known distribution in the southeastern Alps and the current finding.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>