185 lines
16 KiB
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185 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C679A214F878F0CFFBBC44ED" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hipposideros lekaguli Thonglongya & Hill 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="243" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="242" updateTime="1658320025573" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810959" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163433744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C679A214F878F0CFFBBC44ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C679A214F878F0CFFBBC44ED" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<heading pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<subSubSection box="[1920,1999,3925,3986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[1918,3398,3925,4084]" box="[1920,1999,3925,3986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<figureCitation box="[1920,1999,3925,3986]" captionStart="Plate 17: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="10.[179,222,4387,4416]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="24. Large-eared Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros megalotis), 25. Boeadi’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros boeadii), 26. Ha Long Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros alongensis), 27. Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros armiger), 28. Griffin’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros griffoni), 29. Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pendleburyi), 30. Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros turpis), 31. Grand Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros grandis), 32. Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros larvatus), 33. Maduran Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros madurae), 34. Sorensen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sorenseni), 35. Sumban Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sumbae), 36. Shield-faced Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lylei), 37. Pratt’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pratti), 38. Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros scutinares), 39. Makira Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros demissus), 40. Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros diadema), 41. Fierce Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros dinops), 42. Crested Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inexpectatus), 43. Amhem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inomatus), 44. Indian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lankadiva), 45. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lekaguli), 46. Peleng Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pelingensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739812/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">45.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2023,2794,3925,3986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[1918,3398,3925,4084]" box="[2023,2794,3925,3986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<vernacularName box="[2023,2794,3925,3986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2859,3398,3925,3986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[1918,3398,3925,4084]" box="[2859,3398,3925,3986]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thonglongya & Hill" authorityYear="1974" box="[2859,3398,3925,3986]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lekaguli">
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<emphasis box="[2859,3398,3925,3986]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Hipposideros lekaguli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="242" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[1918,3398,3925,4084]" box="[1919,3292,4001,4028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1919,2022,4003,4028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2034,2337,4001,4028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Phyllorhine de Lekagul</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2363,2487,4003,4028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2498,2804,4001,4028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Lekagul-Rundblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2830,2955,4003,4028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2967,3292,4001,4028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Hiposidérido de Lekagul</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="15.[1918,3398,3925,4084]" box="[1919,2621,4054,4081]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1919,2252,4056,4081]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2264,2621,4054,4081]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Large Asian Roundleaf Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[1918,3016,4152,4191]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[1917,3542,4151,4672]" box="[1918,3016,4152,4191]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1918,2129,4152,4191]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thonglongya & Hill, 1974" authorityName="Thonglongya & Hill" authorityYear="1974" box="[2141,3009,4152,4191]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fefcagufo">Hipposideros fefcagufö Thonglongya & Hill, 1974</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="242" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[1917,3542,4151,4672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598331" latitude="14.566667" longitude="101.15" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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“Phu Nam Tok Tap Kwang, Kaeng Khoi,
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<collectingRegion box="[2164,2330,4205,4244]" country="Thailand" name="Sara Buri" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Saraburi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2347,2521,4205,4244]" name="Thailand" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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c.
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<geoCoordinate box="[2577,2759,4205,4244]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" precision="925" value="14.566667">14° 34’ N</geoCoordinate>
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.,
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<geoCoordinate box="[2788,2986,4205,4244]" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" precision="925" value="101.15">101° 09’ E</geoCoordinate>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="242" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[1917,3542,4151,4672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thonglongya & Hill" authorityYear="1974" box="[1919,2294,4258,4297]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lekaguli">Hipposideros lekaguli</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[2492,2639,4258,4297]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">diadema</taxonomicName>
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species group. The population in the
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<collectingCountry name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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may prove to be, at least, a distinct subspecies; taxonomic revision is needed. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1917,3536,4415,4454]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749125" box="[1917,3536,4415,4454]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749125/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" startId="15.[1917,2145,4415,4454]" targetBox="[172,969,392,954]" targetPageId="16">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[1917,3542,4151,4672]" box="[1917,3536,4415,4454]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1917,2152,4415,4454]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Distribution.</emphasis>
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S
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<collectingCountry box="[2194,2367,4415,4454]" name="Thailand" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[2593,2755,4415,4454]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2852,3064,4415,4454]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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(Luzon and Mindoro Is).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="15" pageNumber="242" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[1917,3542,4151,4672]" lastBlockId="16.[998,1795,389,961]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1917,2260,4467,4506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Forearm 64-79 mm. Mainland
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<collectingRegion box="[2899,3096,4467,4506]" country="Botswana" name="South East" pageId="15" pageNumber="242">South-east</collectingRegion>
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Asian populations are larger (forearm 71-79 mm) than those ofPhilippines (forearm 64-72 mm). Ears ofthe Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat are large and broad, with a triangular tip. Noseleaf is large and complex——anterior leaf is large and almost covers muzzle; intermediate noseleaf is large and thickened, with distinct median projection; posterior leaf is trilobed and forms three large protruding pockets. Pelage on upperparts is grayish brown or grayish white; underparts are dull creamy white. Skull is robust, with rostral part inflated. Sagittal crest is poorly developed. C1 is large; P2 is small and slightly extruded from the tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="243" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[998,1795,389,961]" lastBlockId="16.[170,1794,972,1963]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[999,1151,922,961]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats forage in primary or disturbed forests and agricultural areas at low elevation, typically in gaps or over water bodies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="243" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[170,1794,972,1963]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,531,1079,1118]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat is an aerial-hawking bat, feeding on insects up in the air. Diet is mosdy composed of Coleoptera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="243" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[170,1794,972,1963]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,357,1185,1224]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Females were found pregnant in March-April, giving birth and then carrying young between May and June.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="243" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[170,1794,972,1963]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,489,1291,1330]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats roost in caves. Echolocation is a CF/FM type, with a call frequency of the F segment of45—46 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="243" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[170,1794,972,1963]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,1126,1397,1436]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats roost in colonies. Colony size ranges from a few individuals up to 500 individuals. This species shares caves with Black-bearded Tomb Bats (Taphozous melanopogon), Greater Asian False-vampires (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1872" box="[475,660,1556,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Lyroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lyroderma</taxonomicName>
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lyra), Lesser Dawn Bats (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1873" box="[1135,1308,1556,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eonycteris</taxonomicName>
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spelaea), Horsfield’s Leafnosed Bats {
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[408,615,1610,1649]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larvatus">H. larvatus</taxonomicName>
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), and Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Ä
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chasen" authorityYear="1936" box="[1357,1564,1610,1649]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">pendleburyi</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="243" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[170,1794,972,1963]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,655,1663,1702]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Near Threatened on 7%♂ IUCN Red List. The population size of the Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat has been decreasing during recent decades. The major threats are hunting, unregulated activities associated with tourism, limestone mining, and quarrying.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="243" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[170,1794,972,1963]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,380,1881,1910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="243">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Balete eta/. (1995), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates, Gumal & Kingston (2008a), Francis (2008a), Heaney eta/. (1998), Simmons (2005).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |