Hipposideridae Author Don E. Wilson Author Russell A. Mittermeier text 2019 2019-10-31 Lynx Edicions Barcelona Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats 227 258 book chapter http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808 b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d 978-84-16728-19-0 3739808 45. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros lekaguli French: Phyllorhine de Lekagul / German: Lekagul-Rundblattnase / Spanish: Hiposidérido de Lekagul Other common names: Large Asian Roundleaf Bat Taxonomy. Hipposideros fefcagufö Thonglongya & Hill, 1974 , “Phu Nam Tok Tap Kwang, Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi , Thailand c. 14° 34’ N ., 101° 09’ E .” Hipposideros lekaguli is in the diadema species group. The population in the Philippines may prove to be, at least, a distinct subspecies; taxonomic revision is needed. Monotypic. Distribution. S Thailand , Peninsular Malaysia , and Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro Is). Descriptive notes. Forearm 64-79 mm. Mainland South-east Asian populations are larger (forearm 71-79 mm) than those ofPhilippines (forearm 64-72 mm). Ears ofthe Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat are large and broad, with a triangular tip. Noseleaf is large and complex——anterior leaf is large and almost covers muzzle; intermediate noseleaf is large and thickened, with distinct median projection; posterior leaf is trilobed and forms three large protruding pockets. Pelage on upperparts is grayish brown or grayish white; underparts are dull creamy white. Skull is robust, with rostral part inflated. Sagittal crest is poorly developed. C1 is large; P2 is small and slightly extruded from the tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60. Habitat. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats forage in primary or disturbed forests and agricultural areas at low elevation, typically in gaps or over water bodies. Food and Feeding. The Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat is an aerial-hawking bat, feeding on insects up in the air. Diet is mosdy composed of Coleoptera. Breeding. Females were found pregnant in March-April, giving birth and then carrying young between May and June. Activity patterns. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats roost in caves. Echolocation is a CF/FM type, with a call frequency of the F segment of45—46 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats roost in colonies. Colony size ranges from a few individuals up to 500 individuals. This species shares caves with Black-bearded Tomb Bats (Taphozous melanopogon), Greater Asian False-vampires ( Lyroderma lyra), Lesser Dawn Bats ( Eonycteris spelaea), Horsfield’s Leafnosed Bats { H. larvatus ), and Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Ä pendleburyi ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on 7%♂ IUCN Red List. The population size of the Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat has been decreasing during recent decades. The major threats are hunting, unregulated activities associated with tourism, limestone mining, and quarrying. Bibliography. Balete eta/. (1995), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates, Gumal & Kingston (2008a), Francis (2008a), Heaney eta/. (1998), Simmons (2005).