333 lines
39 KiB
XML
333 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="95101D40965F5A3238B1E7373E7DB978" ID-CLB-Dataset="20773" ID-DOI="10.1111/syen.12522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975346" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1644003985773" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M." docDate="2022" docId="03B987A9436FFF9FFF46FF7DFAEDDB8A" docLanguage="en" docName="systEnt.47.113-151.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 47" docTitle="Prenolepis Mayr 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="142" masterDocId="FF80FFD14372FF82FFF5FF95FF99D837" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="142" updateTime="1730916979833" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:mods id="81E268623072658568C9AA6703355211" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="96DD603752FED7D74E4E3BEDE32D86C8">
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<mods:title id="7BF069F4D6A5FA0FA8D76D7839073665">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9BE686D4B47716387AF134D7EB731FA4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="26204F5498B17C032192BDF6C219D5E1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D7EDCF5E15832AAD2A2F15FB3A6BA2A0">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C33AFED157C1CA54AD885DE3B06558E9">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FDA5622415FBAEFE78AB90E3B4428A55" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4D2CD1D4D0937DCD58D062C0E9A188CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="25EAAF3A931E2AE661F3CB449B386138">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A7C374C290DCB9E774F0DAFF9E5991DA">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="19B5B0FB8A6619472F47A988E7F4B738" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8CEF6F835A8BFA7725F3D0D450C35F89">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F8AE328DB22A3CB50E5EF22D5730DE67">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B289DCF470A8299BF05157315A9E11B9">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="607D7E8E147B32865FE5A72A52BFE0E0" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="819DD6AD94387A6437EB8714DD013727">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2EF3D022CE8CBA5D7EF8D5BA06375DC1">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A8E3625C1A927886144909E9844385FB">
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<mods:date id="47C700CBB6C8C176406C8172A54DCFF4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6CD47C66B67D9941DE84AAB765CBB434" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="1A790E136BE8030627D8EE5885848591">2022-01-10</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E79032F32F5D79DE5BE09C5215608FD3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B0FB7FEDA858DDA6933CB5FBBE98FFB6">47</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="53ABB95A61FC8540099342FCD09F1D76">113</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CF95DCB0DFC2823E935231253CEC96AE">151</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="550D074B747C0F0711D9776E1C8E2C17">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9C742CBF8DD6130DCE16546D276C0DBE" type="CLB-Dataset">20773</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7720725FB7D4AE6319F5EF4BC947C386" type="DOI">10.1111/syen.12522</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B987A9436FFF9FFF46FF7DFAEDDB8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436FFF9FFF46FF7DFAEDDB8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436FFF9FFF46FF7DFAEDDB8A" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFF46FF7DFE59D8CA" box="[179,448,232,254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF46FF7DFE59D8CA" blockId="29.[161,767,172,344]" box="[179,448,232,254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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||
<heading id="D0E781D3436FFF9FFF46FF7DFE59D8CA" box="[179,448,232,254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF46FF7DFE59D8CA" bold="true" box="[179,448,232,254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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Genus group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFEA2FF7DFE59D8CA" ID-CoL="6VK5" authority="(Mayr, 1861)" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[343,448,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFEA2FF7DFE59D8CA" bold="true" box="[343,448,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Prenolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFF46FE92FDDFD90D" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="taxon_list">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF46FE92FDDFD90D" blockId="29.[161,767,172,344]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF46FE92FEF0D92B" box="[179,361,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Genera included.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFE88FE92FF76D90D" authority=", Nylanderia, Paraparatrechina" authorityName="Nylanderia, Paraparatrechina" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE88FE92FE65D92B" box="[381,508,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Euprenolepis</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFDE3FE92FD1BD92B" box="[534,642,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Nylanderia</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD69FE92FF76D90D" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFF0EFEB0FEEED90D" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[251,375,293,314]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF0EFEB0FEEED90D" box="[251,375,293,314]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paratrechina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFE76FEB0FDDFD90D" authority=", Zatania." box="[387,582,293,314]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE76FEB0FE73D90D" box="[387,490,293,314]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Prenolepis</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE03FEB0FDD9D90D" box="[502,576,293,314]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Zatania</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFF46FED6FEBBDE24" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF46FED6FEEBD96F" blockId="29.[161,767,172,344]" box="[179,370,323,344]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF46FED6FEF5D96F" box="[179,364,323,344]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Definition (worker)</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFE13FE52D9AC" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[174,459,390,411]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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1. With characters of
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFE77FE13FE51D9AC" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[386,456,390,411]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFE31FE5BD98E" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[174,450,420,441]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">2. Mandible with 4–7 teeth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFE57FEBBD9C2" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">3. Palp formula variable: 6,4; 4,4 3,4; 5,3; 4,3; 3,3; 2,3; 2,2 (Note 1).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFE6BFE4ADA06" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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4.
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FE6BFE55DA06" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Basal and masticatory mandibular margins usually meeting at a strongly oblique angle</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFDAFFD6FDA5A" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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5. Clypeus modified for reception of labrum (specifically, clypeus with anterolateral notches; Note 1 of
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFD8AFDCCFD71DA59" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[639,744,601,622]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD8AFDCCFD71DA59" box="[639,744,601,622]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Metalasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFDE3FE08DA9D" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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6. Frontalcarinae conspicuous,
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE13FDE3FE6FDABB" box="[486,502,630,652]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">></emphasis>
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0.5 × anteroposteriorantennal torulus diameter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFD26FE6DDAD1" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">7. Frontal region of head between antennal toruli flat, frontal carinae not raised above toruli.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFD7AFE49DB33" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[174,464,751,772]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">8. Antenna 11- or 12-merous.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFC98FEDADB77" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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9. Third antennomere usually longer than broad (see Note 3 of
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFF39FCBEFEACDB77" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[204,309,811,832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FCBEFEACDB77" box="[204,309,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Metalasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FCDCFD73DB4B" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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10. Compound eyes usually at about head midlength, sometimes set posteriorly (see Note 3 of
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFDD4FCFDFDC6DB4A" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[545,607,872,893]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFDD4FCFDFDC6DB4A" box="[545,607,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Lasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genus group).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FC13FE2CDBAC" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[162,437,902,923]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">11. Ocelli present or absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FC31FDB3DB8E" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[162,554,932,953]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">12. Dorsum of head with standing setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FC57FDFFDBC2" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">13. Mesonotum, metanotum and/or propodeum discontinuous, metanotum usually differentiated (Note 2).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FC6BFE36DC5A" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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14. Mesopleuron anterodorsal margin, near posterolateral region of pronotum, usually without raised boss nor with narrow or broad groove traversing the mesosternum (Note 5 of
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFF13FBCCFEBDDC59" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[230,292,1113,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF13FBCCFEBDDC59" box="[230,292,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Lasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genus group).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FBE3FD7ADC9D" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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15. Metapleural gland very small, orifice directed completely to nearly completely posteriorly (Note 5 of
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFD99FB00FD4CDC9D" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[620,725,1173,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD99FB00FD4CDC9D" box="[620,725,1173,1194]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FB26FD42DCFF" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[162,731,1203,1224]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">16. Propodeal spiracle situated in lower 2/3 of propodeum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FB44FDBEDCD1" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[162,551,1233,1254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">17. Legs with or without standing setae.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FB7AFD54DD33" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[162,717,1263,1284]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||
18.
|
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FB7AFD5FDD33" box="[204,710,1263,1284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Petiole with very low node and posteriorly elongated</emphasis>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FA98FE23DD69" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
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19.
|
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FA98FDCBDD15" box="[204,594,1293,1314]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Abdominal tergum III inclined anteriorly</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFDA8FA98FE3ADD77" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">with deep groove for reception of petiole</emphasis>
|
||
,
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE5BFABEFE2ADD69" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">concealing most of petiole in dorsal view when gaster raised</emphasis>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FAF2FDF6DD8E" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
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20.
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FAFDFE11DDAC" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Abdominal tergum III with complete tergosternal fusion adjacent to helcium</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE61FA13FD50DDAC" box="[404,713,1414,1435]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">and fusion raised anterodorsally</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD20FA13FDF1DD8E" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">with sclerites becoming free high up on segment</emphasis>
|
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FA57FEBBDE24" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
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21.
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FA57FD61DDE0" box="[204,760,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Pubescence of abdominal terga VI and VII often dense</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FA75FD67DDC2" box="[204,766,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">forming a uniform layer of short and strongly curved setae</emphasis>
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(Note 3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFF54F9D5FAEDDB8A" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF54F9D5FEFEDE61" blockId="29.[161,767,1600,1863]" box="[161,359,1600,1622]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF54F9D5FEF9DE61" bold="true" box="[161,352,1600,1622]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Notes on definition</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF54F9CAFDF6DF3D" blockId="29.[161,767,1600,1863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF54F9CAFF76DE43" box="[161,239,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||
The palp formula of most genera is 6,4. Most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFF30F9E8FEDDDEA5" authorityName="Emery" box="[197,324,1661,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF30F9E8FEDDDEA5" box="[197,324,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Euprenolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, have a palpomere count of 3,4, with the exception of
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE66F90EFD85DE87" box="[403,540,1691,1712]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">E. negrosensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Wheeler), which has a 4,4 count. The count is variable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFDEFF92CFD01DEF9" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[538,664,1721,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFDEFF92CFD01DEF9" box="[538,664,1721,1742]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the count in
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFEEAF94DFE51DEDA" box="[287,456,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
|
||
, particularly the
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD83F94DFD29DEDA" box="[630,688,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">weissi</emphasis>
|
||
species group, is also reduced (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFE56F960FDFCDF3D" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Brady, S. G. & Shattuck, S. O." box="[419,613,1781,1803]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="118 - 131" part="35" refId="ref35258" refString="LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G. & Shattuck, S. O. (2010) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 35, 118 - 131." title="Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
LaPolla
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE00F963FDBCDF3C" box="[501,549,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF54F881FEFDDF70" blockId="29.[161,767,1600,1863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF54F881FF7FDF1E" box="[161,230,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||
The metanotum of many but not all
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFDB5F881FD70DF1E" box="[576,745,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
|
||
is undifferentiated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCCBFF39FA02D8CA" blockId="29.[830,1436,172,253]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCCBFF39FC1FD8F6" box="[830,902,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Note 3.</emphasis>
|
||
These setae may or may not completely cover tergum VI. Absence of this characteristic pubescence occurs in and may be a synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFB99FF7DFB72D8CA" authorityName="Emery" box="[1132,1259,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB99FF7DFB72D8CA" box="[1132,1259,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Euprenolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFAECFF7DFA0CD8CA" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1305,1429,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFAECFF7DFA0CD8CA" box="[1305,1429,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCA4FE81FAEDDB8A" blockId="29.[830,1437,276,1618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCA4FE81FBD8D91E" box="[849,1089,276,297]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||
Comments.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC30FE81FBD8D91E" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[965,1089,276,297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paratrechina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has recently expanded from a single species to six (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFBFCFEA7FB47D970" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Brady, S. G. & Shattuck, S. O." box="[1033,1246,306,327]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="118 - 131" part="35" refId="ref35258" refString="LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G. & Shattuck, S. O. (2010) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 35, 118 - 131." title="Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
LaPolla
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB97FEA7FB03D970" box="[1122,1178,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFB1AFEA7FABBD970" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Hawkes, P. G. & Fisher, J. N." box="[1263,1314,306,327]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="71 - 82" part="35" refId="ref35389" refString="LaPolla, J. S., Hawkes, P. G. & Fisher, J. N. (2013) Taxonomic review of the ant genus Paratrechina, with a description of a new species from Africa. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 35, 71 - 82." title="Taxonomic review of the ant genus Paratrechina, with a description of a new species from Africa" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFAC7FEA7FC21D952" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="35 - 48" part="422" refId="ref35347" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L. (2014) Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys, 422, 35 - 48." title="Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2014">LaPolla & Fisher, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFC34FEC5FB58D952" author="Williams, J. L. & LaPolla, J. S." box="[961,1217,336,357]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="201 - 258" part="4200" refId="ref39470" refString="Williams, J. L. & LaPolla, J. S. (2016) Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the ant genus Prenolepis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 4200, 201 - 258." title="Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the ant genus Prenolepis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">Williams & LaPolla, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). One of these recently added species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC25FEFBFB81D9B4" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[976,1048,366,387]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC25FEFBFB81D9B4" box="[976,1048,366,387]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. kohli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was originally described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFADAFEFBFA0FD9B4" box="[1327,1430,366,387]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFADAFEFBFA0FD9B4" box="[1327,1430,366,387]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, transferred to
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC27FE19FBA7D996" box="[978,1086,396,417]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Nylanderia</emphasis>
|
||
(as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFAE7FE19FA17D996" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1298,1422,396,417]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFAE7FE19FA17D996" box="[1298,1422,396,417]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), back to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC7AFE3FFC6FD988" box="[911,1014,426,447]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC7AFE3FFC6FD988" box="[911,1014,426,447]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and finally to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFB7AFE3FFA92D988" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1167,1291,426,447]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB7AFE3FFA92D988" box="[1167,1291,426,447]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu stricto) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFCB0FE5DFBA5D9EA" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L." box="[837,1084,456,477]" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="35 - 48" part="422" refId="ref35347" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L. (2014) Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys, 422, 35 - 48." title="Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2014">LaPolla & Fisher, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species stood out from the remainder in its surface sculpturing, eye positioning, color, and mandibular dentition. It was observed during this study that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFCCBFDB7FC11DA00" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[830,904,546,567]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCCBFDB7FC11DA00" box="[830,904,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. kohli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a petiolar node which exceeds propodeal spiracle height, lacks the raised tergosternal fusion of abdominal segment III and posterior elongation of the petiole, and closely resembles species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC2EFDE9FBD4DAA6" authorityName="Santschi" box="[987,1101,636,657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anoplolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC2EFDE9FBD4DAA6" box="[987,1101,636,657]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Anoplolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specifically
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB26FDE9FADADAA6" box="[1235,1347,636,657]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">A. carinata</emphasis>
|
||
(Emery) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC9FFD0FFC51DA98" box="[874,968,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">A. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
(Santschi). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFB4EFD0FFA9CDA98" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1211,1285,666,687]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB4EFD0FFA9CDA98" box="[1211,1285,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. kohli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 11-merous antennae, an undifferentiated metanotum, posteriorly set eyes, and lacks ocelli, as is characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFB37FD43FC5CDB3E" authority="(Fisher & Bolton, 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Fisher & Bolton" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anoplolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB37FD43FAADDADC" box="[1218,1332,726,747]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Anoplolepis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFAB6FD43FC27DB3E" author="Fisher, B. L. & Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="503" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Oakland" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" refId="ref33834" refString="Fisher, B. L. & Bolton, B. (2016) Ants of Africa and Madagascar, a Guide to the Genera, p. 503. University of California Press, Oakland." title="Ants of Africa and Madagascar, a Guide to the Genera" type="book" year="2016">Fisher & Bolton, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We find in combined analyses that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFAE5FD61FACFDB3E" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1296,1366,756,777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFAE5FD61FACFDB3E" box="[1296,1366,756,777]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. kohli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
always falls outside of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFBF2FC87FBD0DB10" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1031,1097,786,807]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFBAEFC87FB07DB10" box="[1115,1182,786,807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, S
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFB4FFC87FB7DDB10" box="[1210,1252,786,807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">7–S</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFB11FC87FB68DB10" box="[1252,1265,786,807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). For these morphological and phylogenetic reasons, we transfer the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFCCBFCDBFC11DB54" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[830,904,846,867]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCCBFCDBFC11DB54" box="[830,904,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. kohli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC5EFCDBFB84DB54" baseAuthorityName="Fisher & Bolton" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[939,1053,846,867]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anoplolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC5EFCDBFB84DB54" box="[939,1053,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Anoplolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Plagiolepidini, forming
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFAA5FCDBFC22DBB6" authority="(Forel, 1916)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFAA5FCDBFA05DB54" box="[1360,1436,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">A. kohli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFCB0FCF9FC2DDBB6" author="Forel, A." box="[837,948,876,897]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="397 - 460" part="24" refId="ref34016" refString="Forel, A. (1916) Fourmis du Congo et d'autres provenances recoltees par MM. Hermann Kohl, Luja, Mayne, etc. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 24, 397 - 460." title="Fourmis du Congo et d'autres provenances recoltees par MM. Hermann Kohl, Luja, Mayne, etc" type="journal article" year="1916">Forel, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC35FCF9FBBFDBB5" bold="true" box="[960,1062,876,898]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D6436FFF9FFC35FCF9FBBFDBB5" box="[960,1062,876,898]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(tribal transfer). Expanded sampling of male characters may improve placement of the fossil taxon †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFA7EFC1EFC08DB89" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henschei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFA7EFC1EFC08DB89" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. henschei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with respect to the remainder of the genus group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |