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<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e89d723-7f54-4d6b-85dd-6bcd573eca32" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3694209" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DD3CC29-3AEA-44B8-8E8F-6AD882DF5B1C" checkinTime="1583172268754" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Bonis, Louis de, Gardin, Axelle &amp; Blondel, Cécile" docDate="2019" docId="03A487991A73FF8DFEA4FF556F59FA41" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.41.15.601-621.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 41 (15)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Eusmilus bidentatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="618" masterDocId="FF9DFFE11A60FF9EFFADFF8D6E62FF8E" masterDocTitle="Carnivora from the early Oligocene of the ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy’ in southwestern France" masterLastPageNumber="621" masterPageNumber="601" pageNumber="618" updateTime="1675702286038" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Carnivora from the early Oligocene of the ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy’ in southwestern France</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bonis, Louis de</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">louis.debonis@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gardin, Axelle</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">axelle.gardin@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Blondel, Cécile</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cecile.blondel@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2019-09-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>41</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>601</mods:start>
<mods:end>621</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a15</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">1e89d723-7f54-4d6b-85dd-6bcd573eca32</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3694209</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DD3CC29-3AEA-44B8-8E8F-6AD882DF5B1C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703564" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162367518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703564" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487991A73FF8DFEA4FF556F59FA41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487991A73FF8DFEA4FF556F59FA41" lastPageNumber="618" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">
<subSubSection box="[265,643,216,243]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="19.[265,643,216,276]" box="[265,643,216,243]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">
<heading box="[265,643,216,243]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="(Filhol, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Filhol" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[265,643,216,243]" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Eusmilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidentatus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[265,484,216,243]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Eusmilus bidentatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="FILHOL H." box="[498,635,217,243]" journalOrPublisher="Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="92 - 94" part="75" publicationUrl="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30321/f94.item" refId="ref17300" refString="FILHOL H. 1872 a. - Sur les Carnassiers et les Cheiropteres dont on trouve les debris fossiles dans les gisements de phosphorites de Caylux, Fregols, Concots. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 75: 92 - 94. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 30321 / f 94. item" title="Sur les Carnassiers et les Cheiropteres dont on trouve les debris fossiles dans les gisements de phosphorites de Caylux, Fregols, Concots" type="journal article" year="1872">Filhol, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[389,518,249,276]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="19.[265,643,216,276]" box="[389,518,249,276]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">
(
<figureCitation box="[398,511,249,276]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[213,1357,217,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[702,1254,751,1313]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 5. — A-D, Dinailurictis bonali Helbing, 1922: A, right distal humerus UM VBOA3-15 in cranial (A1), and caudal (A2) views; B, piece of right proximal femur, UM VBOA3-16, cranial view; C, left distal ulna, UM VD45, cranial view; D, left lower canine, UM VD46, buccal view; E, H-J, Nimravus intermedius; E, left P4 UP LPL4, in occlusal view; H, right p4 UP LPL5, in buccal (H1), and lingual (H2) views; I, left P4, UP LPL4, in buccal view; J, right m1, UP LPL1711, in buccal (J1), lingual (J2), and occlusal (J3) views; F, Mustelictis aff. olivieri, left P4 UM VBO494, in buccal view; G, Pachycynodon cf. dubius? m2, UM VBOA3-9, in occlusal view; K, L, Eusmilus bidentatus, right upper canine, UM VD3, in lingual (K1), and buccal (K2) views; L, right P4, UM VD2, in buccal (L1), and lingual (L2) views; M, Eofelis edwardsi, right upper canine, UM VBO454, in lingual (M1), and buccal (M2) views. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, I, M, 5 mm; E, H, J, K, L, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694219/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Fig. 5K, L</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="618" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="19.[132,775,305,383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">
<collectionCode box="[132,185,305,329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">TYPE</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[196,297,310,327]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
. —
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2572934960" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus box="[352,462,306,330]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Lectotype</typeStatus>
, edentulous hemi-mandible,
<collectionCode box="[132,218,332,356]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.QU9475, from the Quercy phosphorites, was designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Peigne &amp; Brunet" box="[223,514,359,383]" firstAuthor="Peigne" page="660" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="657 - 672" refId="ref18560" refString="PEIGNE S. &amp; BRUNET M. 2001. - Une nouvelle espece du genre Eusmilus (Carnivora: Nimravidae) de l'Oligocene (MP 22) d'Europe. Geobios 34 (6): 657 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (01) 80027 - 9" type="journal article" year="2001">Peigné &amp; Brunet (2001: 660)</bibRefCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[132,774,406,457]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">
<collectionCode box="[132,181,406,430]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">NEW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[188,280,411,428]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
. — Fragment of upper canine
<collectionCode box="[584,626,407,430]" country="Germany" name="University of Marburg" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">UM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[632,672,407,431]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">VD</collectionCode>
3; right P4
<collectionCode box="[132,174,433,456]" country="Germany" name="University of Marburg" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">UM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[180,220,433,457]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">VD</collectionCode>
2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="618" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="19.[132,776,504,1487]" box="[132,246,504,530]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">RERMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[132,776,504,1487]" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">
Part of the tip of an elongate and bucco-lingually much compressed canine with mesial and distal trenchant and crenulated carenae is characteristic of a sabre-toothed carnivore (
<figureCitation box="[677,760,600,627]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[213,1357,217,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[702,1254,751,1313]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 5. — A-D, Dinailurictis bonali Helbing, 1922: A, right distal humerus UM VBOA3-15 in cranial (A1), and caudal (A2) views; B, piece of right proximal femur, UM VBOA3-16, cranial view; C, left distal ulna, UM VD45, cranial view; D, left lower canine, UM VD46, buccal view; E, H-J, Nimravus intermedius; E, left P4 UP LPL4, in occlusal view; H, right p4 UP LPL5, in buccal (H1), and lingual (H2) views; I, left P4, UP LPL4, in buccal view; J, right m1, UP LPL1711, in buccal (J1), lingual (J2), and occlusal (J3) views; F, Mustelictis aff. olivieri, left P4 UM VBO494, in buccal view; G, Pachycynodon cf. dubius? m2, UM VBOA3-9, in occlusal view; K, L, Eusmilus bidentatus, right upper canine, UM VD3, in lingual (K1), and buccal (K2) views; L, right P4, UM VD2, in buccal (L1), and lingual (L2) views; M, Eofelis edwardsi, right upper canine, UM VBO454, in lingual (M1), and buccal (M2) views. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, I, M, 5 mm; E, H, J, K, L, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694219/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Fig. 5K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[760,770,600,626]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1964,1982]" captionTargetBox="[212,1402,209,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[755,1301,780,1349]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Amphicynodon sp. 1: left hemi-mandible UP VAL2, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; B, Amphicynodon typicus: left mandible UP VAL1, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C, Amphicynodon sp. 3: right M1, UM VD49, in occlusal view; D, Amphicynodon sp. 2: right M1, UM VBO492, in occlusal view. Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; C, D, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694211/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">1</figureCitation>
, K
<figureCitation box="[155,169,632,658]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,217,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[747,1305,758,1327]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — A, Pachycynodon boriei or curvirostris (Filhol, 1876): A1-A3, UP LPL13, right m1, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; A4, A5, d3-d4, in buccal (A4), and lingual (A5) views; B, C, Pachycynodon sp. 1; B, UP MGB9, left d4, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views (stereo); C, UM VD16, right d4, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2) view, and occlusal (C3) views; D, Pachycynodon sp. 2, UM VD18, right d4; D1, lingual view, occlusal (D2), and buccal (D3) views; E, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD7, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (E1), lingual (E2), and occlusal (E3) views; F, Pachycynodon sp. 3, UM VD48 M1, in occlusal view; G, Pachycynodon sp. 4, UM VD50 M1, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694213/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">2</figureCitation>
). It is impossible to know if it is a milk tooth or a permanent one because these are very similar (
<bibRefCitation author="Peigne &amp; Brunet" firstAuthor="Peigne" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="657 - 672" refId="ref18560" refString="PEIGNE S. &amp; BRUNET M. 2001. - Une nouvelle espece du genre Eusmilus (Carnivora: Nimravidae) de l'Oligocene (MP 22) d'Europe. Geobios 34 (6): 657 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (01) 80027 - 9" type="journal article" year="2001">Peigné &amp; Brunet 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Too small to belong to
<emphasis box="[449,587,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">
<taxonomicName authority="Bonis &amp; Gardin &amp; Blondel, 2019" authorityName="Bonis &amp; Gardin &amp; Blondel" authorityYear="2019" box="[449,583,695,721]" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Dinailurictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="620" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="nov. gen.">Dinailurictis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
smaller and more elongated than that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1879" box="[363,463,728,753]" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Nimravus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="616" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[363,463,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Nimravus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it fits the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1876" box="[633,723,727,753]" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Eusmilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[633,723,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Eusmilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter, first described as
<emphasis box="[384,517,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Machairodus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Filhol" box="[534,671,759,785]" firstAuthor="Filhol" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="92 - 94" refId="ref17300" refString="FILHOL H. 1872 a. - Sur les Carnassiers et les Cheiropteres dont on trouve les debris fossiles dans les gisements de phosphorites de Caylux, Fregols, Concots. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 75: 92 - 94. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 30321 / f 94. item" type="journal article" year="1872" yearSuffix="a">Filhol 1872a</bibRefCitation>
) includes two European species,
<emphasis box="[381,575,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">E. villebramarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Peigne &amp; Brunet" firstAuthor="Peigne" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="657 - 672" refId="ref18560" refString="PEIGNE S. &amp; BRUNET M. 2001. - Une nouvelle espece du genre Eusmilus (Carnivora: Nimravidae) de l'Oligocene (MP 22) d'Europe. Geobios 34 (6): 657 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (01) 80027 - 9" type="journal article" year="2001">Peigné &amp; Brunet, 2001</bibRefCitation>
from early Oligocene deposits (MP 22) and
<taxonomicName authority="(Filhol, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Filhol" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Eusmilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidentatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">E. bidentatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="FILHOL H." box="[196,332,855,881]" journalOrPublisher="Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="92 - 94" part="75" publicationUrl="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30321/f94.item" refId="ref17300" refString="FILHOL H. 1872 a. - Sur les Carnassiers et les Cheiropteres dont on trouve les debris fossiles dans les gisements de phosphorites de Caylux, Fregols, Concots. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 75: 92 - 94. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 30321 / f 94. item" title="Sur les Carnassiers et les Cheiropteres dont on trouve les debris fossiles dans les gisements de phosphorites de Caylux, Fregols, Concots" type="journal article" year="1872">Filhol, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from undated old collections of Quercy and from Soumailles (MP 21), where a complete skeleton was recovered (
<bibRefCitation author="Ringeade &amp; Michel" box="[248,532,919,945]" firstAuthor="Ringeade" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="691 - 696" refId="ref18893" refString="RINGEADE M. &amp; MICHEL P. 1994 a. - Une nouvelle sous-espece de Nimravidae (Eusmilus bidentatus ringeadei) de l'Oligocene inferieur du Lot et Garonne (Soumailles, France): etude preliminaire. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 318: 691 - 696. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 65095354 / f 89. item" type="journal article" year="1994" yearSuffix="a">Ringeade &amp; Michel 1994a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="RINGEADE M. &amp; MICHEL P." box="[545,559,919,945]" journalOrPublisher="Paleo" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="5 - 37" part="6" refId="ref18968" refString="RINGEADE M. &amp; MICHEL P. 1994 b. - A propos de l' Eusmilus (Eusmilus bidentatus ringeadei Ringeade et Michel 1994) de Soumailles, canton de Duras (Lot et Garonne, France): etude descriptive. Paleo 6: 5 - 37." title="A propos de l' Eusmilus (Eusmilus bidentatus ringeadei Ringeade et Michel 1994) de Soumailles, canton de Duras (Lot et Garonne, France): etude descriptive" type="journal article" year="1994">b</bibRefCitation>
). The canines of the first species, whether permanent or milk teeth, are larger (
<bibRefCitation author="Peigne &amp; Brunet" firstAuthor="Peigne" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="657 - 672" refId="ref18560" refString="PEIGNE S. &amp; BRUNET M. 2001. - Une nouvelle espece du genre Eusmilus (Carnivora: Nimravidae) de l'Oligocene (MP 22) d'Europe. Geobios 34 (6): 657 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (01) 80027 - 9" type="journal article" year="2001">Peigné &amp; Brunet 2001</bibRefCitation>
) and UM VD3 is closer to
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Filhol" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[633,768,982,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Eusmilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidentatus">
<emphasis box="[633,768,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">E. bidentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. An isolated P4 (
<figureCitation box="[320,399,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[213,1357,217,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[702,1254,751,1313]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 5. — A-D, Dinailurictis bonali Helbing, 1922: A, right distal humerus UM VBOA3-15 in cranial (A1), and caudal (A2) views; B, piece of right proximal femur, UM VBOA3-16, cranial view; C, left distal ulna, UM VD45, cranial view; D, left lower canine, UM VD46, buccal view; E, H-J, Nimravus intermedius; E, left P4 UP LPL4, in occlusal view; H, right p4 UP LPL5, in buccal (H1), and lingual (H2) views; I, left P4, UP LPL4, in buccal view; J, right m1, UP LPL1711, in buccal (J1), lingual (J2), and occlusal (J3) views; F, Mustelictis aff. olivieri, left P4 UM VBO494, in buccal view; G, Pachycynodon cf. dubius? m2, UM VBOA3-9, in occlusal view; K, L, Eusmilus bidentatus, right upper canine, UM VD3, in lingual (K1), and buccal (K2) views; L, right P4, UM VD2, in buccal (L1), and lingual (L2) views; M, Eofelis edwardsi, right upper canine, UM VBO454, in lingual (M1), and buccal (M2) views. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, I, M, 5 mm; E, H, J, K, L, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694219/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[399,409,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1964,1982]" captionTargetBox="[212,1402,209,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[755,1301,780,1349]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Amphicynodon sp. 1: left hemi-mandible UP VAL2, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; B, Amphicynodon typicus: left mandible UP VAL1, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C, Amphicynodon sp. 3: right M1, UM VD49, in occlusal view; D, Amphicynodon sp. 2: right M1, UM VBO492, in occlusal view. Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; C, D, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694211/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">1</figureCitation>
, L
<figureCitation box="[436,449,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,217,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[747,1305,758,1327]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — A, Pachycynodon boriei or curvirostris (Filhol, 1876): A1-A3, UP LPL13, right m1, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; A4, A5, d3-d4, in buccal (A4), and lingual (A5) views; B, C, Pachycynodon sp. 1; B, UP MGB9, left d4, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views (stereo); C, UM VD16, right d4, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2) view, and occlusal (C3) views; D, Pachycynodon sp. 2, UM VD18, right d4; D1, lingual view, occlusal (D2), and buccal (D3) views; E, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD7, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (E1), lingual (E2), and occlusal (E3) views; F, Pachycynodon sp. 3, UM VD48 M1, in occlusal view; G, Pachycynodon sp. 4, UM VD50 M1, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694213/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">2</figureCitation>
) of which the protocone is broken off corresponds to a medium-sized feloid-like carnivoran (L =
<quantity box="[180,259,1078,1105]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
; Wmts = 5.2; Lmts = 6.7). It has a robust parastyle and an elongate metastyle. It differs from
<emphasis box="[588,694,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Proailurus</emphasis>
, which is smaller and lacks a large parastyle.
<taxonomicName authority="(Filhol, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Filhol" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Eofelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
<emphasis box="[527,689,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Eofelis edwardsi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="FILHOL H." journalOrPublisher="Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="92 - 94" part="75" publicationUrl="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30321/f94.item" refId="ref17300" refString="FILHOL H. 1872 a. - Sur les Carnassiers et les Cheiropteres dont on trouve les debris fossiles dans les gisements de phosphorites de Caylux, Fregols, Concots. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 75: 92 - 94. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 30321 / f 94. item" title="Sur les Carnassiers et les Cheiropteres dont on trouve les debris fossiles dans les gisements de phosphorites de Caylux, Fregols, Concots" type="journal article" year="1872">Filhol, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is too small and does not have a parastyle. The P4 of the larger
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1938" box="[200,265,1206,1232]" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Eofelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[200,265,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Eofelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species,
<emphasis box="[360,484,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">E. giganteus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Peigne" box="[493,635,1206,1232]" firstAuthor="Peigne" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" pagination="653 - 658" refId="ref18342" refString="PEIGNE S. 2000. - A new species of Eofelis (Carnivora: Nimravidae) from the Phosphorites of Quercy, France. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Paris 330 (9): 653 - 658. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1251 - 8050 (00) 00199 - 3" type="journal article" year="2000">Peigné, 2000</bibRefCitation>
, is unknown but probably did not have parastyle, like in the smaller species.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1879" box="[183,284,1270,1295]" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Nimravus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="616" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[183,284,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Nimravus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not have parastyle and
<taxonomicName authority="Bonis &amp; Gardin &amp; Blondel, 2019" authorityName="Bonis &amp; Gardin &amp; Blondel" authorityYear="2019" box="[581,713,1269,1295]" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Dinailurictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="620" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="nov. gen.">
<emphasis box="[581,713,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Dinailurictis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is too large. The size and the robust parastyle indicate
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1876" box="[641,733,1301,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Eusmilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[641,733,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">Eusmilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. By its size we may refer this carnassial to
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Filhol" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[548,687,1333,1359]" class="Mammalia" family="Nimravidae" genus="Eusmilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="618" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidentatus">
<emphasis box="[548,687,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">E. bidentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Taking into account the occurrence of the large
<emphasis box="[579,595,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[610,775,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="618">villebramarensis</emphasis>
in Villebramar (MP 22), which is not far away, we conclude that two different species were present in the same area and at the same time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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