Carnivora from the early Oligocene of the ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy’ in southwestern France Author Bonis, Louis de Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France) louis.debonis@univ-poitiers.fr Author Gardin, Axelle Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France) axelle.gardin@univ-poitiers.fr Author Blondel, Cécile Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France) cecile.blondel@univ-poitiers.fr text Geodiversitas 2019 2019-09-10 41 15 601 621 journal article 10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a15 1e89d723-7f54-4d6b-85dd-6bcd573eca32 1638-9395 3694209 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DD3CC29-3AEA-44B8-8E8F-6AD882DF5B1C Eusmilus bidentatus ( Filhol, 1872 ) ( Fig. 5K, L ) TYPE MATERIAL . — Lectotype , edentulous hemi-mandible, MNHN .F.QU9475, from the Quercy phosphorites, was designated by Peigné & Brunet (2001: 660) . NEW MATERIAL . — Fragment of upper canine UM VD 3; right P4 UM VD 2. RERMARKS Part of the tip of an elongate and bucco-lingually much compressed canine with mesial and distal trenchant and crenulated carenae is characteristic of a sabre-toothed carnivore ( Fig. 5K 1 , K 2 ). It is impossible to know if it is a milk tooth or a permanent one because these are very similar ( Peigné & Brunet 2001 ). Too small to belong to Dinailurictis , smaller and more elongated than that of Nimravus , it fits the genus Eusmilus . The latter, first described as Machairodus ( Filhol 1872a ) includes two European species, E. villebramarensis Peigné & Brunet, 2001 from early Oligocene deposits (MP 22) and E. bidentatus ( Filhol, 1872 ) from undated old collections of Quercy and from Soumailles (MP 21), where a complete skeleton was recovered ( Ringeade & Michel 1994a , b ). The canines of the first species, whether permanent or milk teeth, are larger ( Peigné & Brunet 2001 ) and UM VD3 is closer to E. bidentatus . An isolated P4 ( Fig. 5L 1 , L 2 ) of which the protocone is broken off corresponds to a medium-sized feloid-like carnivoran (L = 15 mm ; Wmts = 5.2; Lmts = 6.7). It has a robust parastyle and an elongate metastyle. It differs from Proailurus , which is smaller and lacks a large parastyle. Eofelis edwardsi ( Filhol, 1872 ) is too small and does not have a parastyle. The P4 of the larger Eofelis species, E. giganteus Peigné, 2000 , is unknown but probably did not have parastyle, like in the smaller species. Nimravus does not have parastyle and Dinailurictis is too large. The size and the robust parastyle indicate Eusmilus . By its size we may refer this carnassial to E. bidentatus . Taking into account the occurrence of the large E . villebramarensis in Villebramar (MP 22), which is not far away, we conclude that two different species were present in the same area and at the same time.