141 lines
15 KiB
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141 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6A73F1C4BC6D4BF89510E97E9A87ADE2">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="84A7CEE57944D044E719625144141BC7">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDE759F323DEE9AE3963866F5136EAC5">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93CC780932446DC8C8ED12929857B2CE">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4BF830A3F00FF95FF245C2A99022A6F2">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B40FFFAFF56FEDFFBE2FCB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639698" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639698" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B40FFFAFF56FEDFFBE2FCB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B40FFFAFF56FEDFFBE2FCB4" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFF56FEDFFDD1FE8F" ID-CoL="39BPW" authority="Grasshoff, 1999" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,559,294,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cercidia">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF56FEDFFDD1FE8F" bold="true" box="[151,559,294,321]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF56FEDFFE9CFE8E" bold="true" box="[151,354,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ellisella cercidia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFEA8FEDFFDD1FE8F" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[361,559,294,320]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B40FFFAFF56FE92FC70FE04" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF56FE92FC59FE4C" blockId="86.[151,935,363,387]" box="[151,935,363,387]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B40FFFAFF56FE92FDE8FE4C" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,534,363,387]" page="78" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1999">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B40FFFAFF56FE92FDE8FE4C" ID-CoL="39BPW" authority="Grasshoff, 1999: 78" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,534,363,387]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cercidia">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF56FE92FEBAFE4C" box="[151,324,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ellisella cercidia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFE8BFE92FDE8FE4C" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[330,534,363,387]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999: 78</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 129; pl. 8, fig. 4 (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B40FFFAFD38FE92FC63FE4C" box="[761,925,363,387]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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).
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF56FE48FC70FE04" blockId="86.[151,910,433,460]" box="[151,910,433,460]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B40FFFAFF56FE00FBE2FCB4" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF56FE00FED7FDDC" blockId="86.[151,1437,505,604]" box="[151,297,505,531]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF06FDE4FC1DFD94" blockId="86.[151,1437,505,604]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF06FDE4FC47FDF8" box="[199,953,541,567]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFC0DFDE7FB1EFDF8" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[972,1248,541,568]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFBE5FDE7FBA7FDF8" box="[1060,1113,541,567]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 12
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 3, fig. A–D (Andaman Is.);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFE89FDB8FD95FD94" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[328,619,577,604]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFE79FDBBFE14FD94" box="[440,490,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 230
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 108, fig. A–D (Andaman Is.).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B40FFFAFF06FD73FBE2FCB4" blockId="86.[151,1437,649,892]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFF06FD73FE65FD6C" box="[199,411,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The publications of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFD48FD73FC8AFD6C" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[649,884,649,676]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFD1FFD73FCE8FD6C" box="[734,790,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
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(2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFC6BFD70FB5BFD6C" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[938,1189,649,675]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFBDAFD73FBADFD6C" box="[1051,1107,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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both present identical accounts, but without more detailed descriptions and larger illustrations of the sclerites it would be difficult to recognise their species, and without a revision of the genus it would probably be impossible to assess its validity as a new species. However, the true characteristics of the Indian material are unknown because the descriptive text is almost word-for-word the same as that in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFD46FCE0FCB9FCFC" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[647,839,793,819]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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including the size of the sclerites, which do not have large irregular-shaped tubercles and are quite unlike those of the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B40FFFAFCA2FCC4FC37FC98" box="[867,969,829,855]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFC10FCC7FB53FC97" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." box="[977,1197,829,856]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFBE4FCC7FBABFC98" box="[1061,1109,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
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. (2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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just listed the species and figured the same specimen, while
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B40FFFAFD84FC9BFCCEFCB4" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[581,816,865,892]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="96 - 102" refId="ref103354" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2018 a) Diversity and distribution of gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the Long Island and it's adjacent areas in Middle Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 47, 96 - 102." type="journal article" year="2018">
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||
Kumar
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B40FFFAFD5BFC9BFD35FCB4" box="[666,715,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
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. (2018a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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just lists the species.
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</paragraph>
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