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<document id="4AE2D65C875EE936034FAF754CD02501" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD4E3014FD671FD049E9E2FC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sphaeromias Curtis" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B2F74D4BA195F109D18D7AEBD6885D21">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="342C796A05140C450BFFAED5155E27AE">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D88B3BE4DA3A7197A9B70982DC3E3CD4">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD4E3014FD671FD049E9E2FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593057" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161047" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593057" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD4E3014FD671FD049E9E2FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD4E3014FD671FD049E9E2FC" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4E3016FD671FD04EE3E7E4" box="[671,915,1477,1504]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FD671FD04EE3E7E4" blockId="96.[394,1193,1477,1537]" box="[671,915,1477,1504]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FD671FD04EE3E7E4" ID-CoL="7KJF" ID-ENA="1874311" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[671,915,1477,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FD671FD04EE3E7E4" bold="true" box="[671,915,1477,1504]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FD671FD04E4DE7DB" bold="true" box="[671,829,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
Curtis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4E3016FE721FFD49D9E405" box="[394,1193,1512,1537]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FE721FFD49D9E405" blockId="96.[394,1193,1477,1537]" box="[394,1193,1512,1537]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
(
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FE6A1FFD4C9FE405" box="[402,495,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="247.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-139@247.[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="247" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pupae in unusual habitats, preservation and relative sizes. A. Forcipomyia pupae, Rancho Grande, Venezuela; photo by Steve Marshall. B. Forcipomyia pupae under bark of log of Pinus sylvestris, Poland; photo by Marek W. Kozlowski. C. Pupae of Mallochohelea sp. on emergent plants at edge of Bolean Lk., 6 km NE Falkland, British Columbia. D. Palpomyia sp. showing mounting technique on pin, 8 km E. Sicamous, British Columbia. E. Permanent slide mount of dissected adult and pupal exuviae of Mallochohelea albibasis. F. Pupal exuviae, from left to right, of Baeodasymyia michaeli, Culicoides denticulatus and Sphaeromias longipennis showing size differences within the family. Total length of Baeodasymyia michaeli = 1.2 mm, of Sphaeromias = 7.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949061/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 2F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FE031FFD4F5AE405" box="[507,554,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski &amp; Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">12E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FDCE1FFD4F16E405" box="[566,614,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">17C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FD8B1FFD4FD6E405" box="[627,678,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">22A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FD491FFD4F92E405" box="[689,738,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">28B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FD161FFD4E6EE405" box="[750,798,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">31C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FCD21FFD4E22E405" box="[810,850,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">33I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FCA61FFD4EC0E405" box="[862,944,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">40D–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FC431FFD4E9AE405" box="[955,1002,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">46E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FC0E1FFD4957E405" box="[1014,1063,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">53B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FBCB1FFD4916E405" box="[1075,1126,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="314.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-52@314.[176,1407,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="314" captionText="FIGURE 69. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Sphaeromias longipennis. B. Xenohelea galatea. C. Bezzia nobilis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949294/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">69A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FB891FFD49D1E405" box="[1137,1185,1512,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">77C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4E3016FF6F1C254840E4B1" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3016FF6F1C254840E4B1" blockId="96.[151,1437,1584,2038]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FF6F1C254C44E44D" bold="true" box="[151,308,1584,1609]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
: Only pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FE0F1C254FC6E44D" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[503,694,1584,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
with the abdominal tubercles all apically pointed (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FADA1C2548FFE44D" box="[1314,1423,1584,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 68C</figureCitation>
), abdominal segment 4 with D-8-IV and D-8-IV on only basally fused tubercles (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FBF41C414900E469" box="[1036,1136,1620,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="313.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,224,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-48@313.[187,1418,218,1957]" captionTargetPageId="313" captionText="FIGURE 68. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Anebomyia atripes. B. Homohelea delanoe. C. Leehelea hispida (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949292/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 68C</figureCitation>
) and abdominal segment 8 with the two ventral sensilla (V-5-VIII, V-6-VIII) on a single tubercle and V-5-VIII tiny and V-6-VIII elongate; not diagnosable as different from
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4E3016FE1E1C894F3BE4B1" box="[486,587,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FE1E1C894F3BE4B1" box="[486,587,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Leehelea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a genus known only from the Oriental and Australasian Regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4E3017FF3F1CAA4CFFE700" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4E3017FF3F1CAA4CFFE700" blockId="96.[151,1437,1584,2038]" lastBlockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FF3F1CAA4CFAE4DC" bold="true" box="[199,394,1727,1752]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
: Habitus as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FDC31CAA4FD2E4DC" box="[571,674,1727,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[215,1366,217,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-122@257.[203,1398,210,1827]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski &amp; Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949100/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
. Total length =
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD4E3016FCA11CAA4972E4D3" box="[857,1026,1727,1752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.58" metricValueMax="8.53" metricValueMin="6.63" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="7.58" valueMax="8.53" valueMin="6.63">6.63–8.53 mm</quantity>
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FBA81CF649B0E4F8" box="[1104,1216,1763,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FB351CF64985E4F8" box="[1229,1269,1763,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">33I</figureCitation>
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FC621D124979E524" box="[922,1033,1799,1824]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FBEE1D12493AE524" box="[1046,1098,1799,1824]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">79H</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4E3016FBA51D1249EDE524" bold="true" box="[1117,1181,1799,1824]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Head</emphasis>
: Dorsal apotome (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FA961D124DBBE547" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
), with ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FEBF1D5B4CC2E563" box="[327,434,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FED21D674CE4E58F" box="[298,404,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending just posterior to well posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FAFB1D8048E4E5AA" box="[1283,1428,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs. 40D–E</figureCitation>
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4E3016FE2A1DC84F4EE5F2" box="[466,574,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FCAD1A824ECAE2B4" box="[853,954,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FAFA1A824818E2B4" box="[1282,1384,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FDE61AAE4F07E2D0" bold="true" box="[542,631,187,212]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Thorax</emphasis>
: Prothoracic extension (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FC621AAE4973E2D0" box="[922,1027,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FE601B164F74E318" box="[408,516,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 53B</figureCitation>
); respiratory organ (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FD0F1B164E2FE318" box="[759,863,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 46E</figureCitation>
) length/width = 3.20–4.06, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with a few wrinkles, with moderately elongate pedicel, base with moderate elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short to moderately elongate and annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles for most of length; wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FF261BA04C1DE3CA" box="[222,365,437,462]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs. 40D–E</figureCitation>
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FF671BCC4D8DE3F6" box="[159,253,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/6 length of tergite 2; legs (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FB3F1BCC4829E3F6" box="[1223,1369,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs. 40D–E</figureCitation>
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FA971BE84DCFE03E" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
); male with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg, female with apex of foreleg ventral to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FA9D18514D9FE085" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs. 31L–M</figureCitation>
); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FCAE187D4EC9E085" box="[854,953,616,641]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 31C</figureCitation>
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3- T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FA9718994DB7E0CC" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 53B</figureCitation>
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF6F18C64C7BE0E8" bold="true" box="[151,267,723,748]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Abdomen</emphasis>
: with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot, 2 spots on sternite 8; sternite 8 with dark posteromedial apodeme, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FF3919774C43E17F" box="[193,307,866,891]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 77C</figureCitation>
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FC7B19934E98E19B" box="[899,1000,902,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 53B</figureCitation>
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FA9719BF4DB8E1E2" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="314.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-52@314.[176,1407,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="314" captionText="FIGURE 69. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Sphaeromias longipennis. B. Xenohelea galatea. C. Bezzia nobilis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949294/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 69A</figureCitation>
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to moderately elongate setae, D-7-IV present or absent; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on basally fused, closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV, if present, near D-3-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on short tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-2-IV, L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV moderately elongate setae, L-2-IV, L-3-IV on single pointed tubercle, L-4-IV on elongate tubercle, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on short tubercles, all closely approximated, V-5-IV, V-6-IV with tubercles fused basally; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; with V- 5-VIII, V-6-VIII on single tubercle, V-5-VIII tiny, V-6-VIII elongate; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FBDF1ED249F9E6E4" box="[1063,1161,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 77C</figureCitation>
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4F3017FF3F1F1A490BE7B3" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4F3017FF3F1F1A490BE7B3" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF3F1F1A4F11E72C" bold="true" box="[199,609,1295,1320]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
: The genus
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FD0C1F1A4EF5E72C" box="[756,901,1295,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FD0C1F1A4EF5E72C" box="[756,901,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from 30 species from every Region worldwide other than the Neotropical Region (
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FD581F264E4EE748" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[672,830,1331,1356]" genus="Borkent" pageId="97" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4F3017FD581F264E4EE748" author="Borkent" box="[672,830,1331,1356]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; minus one species, see below). Immatures are known from water hyacinth,
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FE731F4D4F4DE76B" box="[395,573,1368,1391]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pistia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stratiotes">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FE731F4D4F4DE76B" box="[395,573,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pistia stratiotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from peat soil in
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FCE81F434EE3E76B" box="[784,915,1366,1391]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FCE81F434EE3E76B" box="[784,915,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mangroves, shady swamps, a grassy wetland, rivers, and lakes (sometimes in blanket algae). Larvae of Holarctic species are reported from the benthos of lakes.
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4F3017FF6F1F8B4CE1E7B3" author="Knausenberger" box="[151,401,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger (1987)</bibRefCitation>
provides further details of various microhabitats within the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4F3017FF3F1FD7491DE4D3" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4F3017FF3F1FD74CACE427" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF3F1FD74F45E7DF" bold="true" box="[199,565,1474,1499]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
: The pupae of five species of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FC341FD7492DE7DF" box="[972,1117,1474,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FC341FD7492DE7DF" box="[972,1117,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known (
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD4F3017FAFE1FD748FFE7DF" box="[1286,1423,1474,1499]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as &quot;sp.&quot; are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FF6F1FF34FABE7FB" authority="de Meillon &amp; Wirth (1981)" authorityName="de Meillon &amp; Wirth" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,731,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theileri">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF6F1FF34CF6E7FB" box="[151,390,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sphaeromias theileri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD4F3017FE6B1FF34FABE7FB" author="de Meillon &amp; Wirth" box="[403,731,1510,1535]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref181048" refString="De Meillon, B. &amp; Wirth, W. W. (1981) Subsaharan Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) VI. New species and records of South African biting midges collected by A. L. Dyce. Annals of the Natal Museum, 24, 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1981">de Meillon &amp; Wirth (1981)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is now considered a species of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FB901FF349AEE7FB" box="[1128,1246,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Nilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FB901FF349AEE7FB" box="[1128,1246,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Nilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see taxonomic discussion under that genus).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4F3017FF3F1C3B4C73E4B5" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Male and female pupae of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FE071C3B4FE0E443" box="[511,656,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FE071C3B4FE0E443" box="[511,656,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FD341C3B4E3DE443" box="[716,845,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Homohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FD341C3B4E3DE443" box="[716,845,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Homohelea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are sexually dimorphic in the arrangement of their forelegs. In males, the foreleg is relatively short (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FD341C474E13E46F" box="[716,867,1618,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs. 40A, D</figureCitation>
) while in females the foreleg overlaps the midleg entirely (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FEF81C634CE7E48B" box="[256,407,1654,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="285.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,202,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-73@285.[185,1416,192,1931]" captionTargetPageId="285" captionText="FIGURE 40. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Homohelea delanoe, male (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Homohelea albitudinis, female (drawn from photograph). C. Leehelea hispida, female. D. Sphaeromias longipennis, male. E. Sphaeromias longipennis, female. F. Xenohelea galatea, female (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949200/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs. 40B, E</figureCitation>
) (see character 44). The feature is likely present in two related genera,
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FB0A1C634818E48B" box="[1266,1384,1654,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Xenohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FB0A1C634818E48B" box="[1266,1384,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Xenohelea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FF6F1C8F4D8CE4B7" box="[151,252,1690,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leehelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF6F1C8F4D8CE4B7" box="[151,252,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Leehelea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4F3017FF3F1CAB491DE4D3" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" box="[199,1133,1726,1751]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Some pupae of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FE8E1CAB4F77E4D3" box="[374,519,1726,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FE8E1CAB4F77E4D3" box="[374,519,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sphaeromias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the largest of all
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FD0B1CAB4EC2E4D3" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[755,946,1726,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
pupae (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD4F3017FBF31CAB4910E4D3" box="[1035,1120,1726,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="247.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-139@247.[194,1399,181,1811]" captionTargetPageId="247" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pupae in unusual habitats, preservation and relative sizes. A. Forcipomyia pupae, Rancho Grande, Venezuela; photo by Steve Marshall. B. Forcipomyia pupae under bark of log of Pinus sylvestris, Poland; photo by Marek W. Kozlowski. C. Pupae of Mallochohelea sp. on emergent plants at edge of Bolean Lk., 6 km NE Falkland, British Columbia. D. Palpomyia sp. showing mounting technique on pin, 8 km E. Sicamous, British Columbia. E. Permanent slide mount of dissected adult and pupal exuviae of Mallochohelea albibasis. F. Pupal exuviae, from left to right, of Baeodasymyia michaeli, Culicoides denticulatus and Sphaeromias longipennis showing size differences within the family. Total length of Baeodasymyia michaeli = 1.2 mm, of Sphaeromias = 7.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949061/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD4F3014FF3F1CF749E9E2FC" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD4F3014FF3F1CF749E9E2FC" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,2003]" lastBlockId="98.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FF3F1CF74F77E4FF" bold="true" box="[199,519,1762,1787]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FDE41CF74FF9E4FF" authorityName="Ewen &amp; Saunders" authorityYear="1958" box="[540,649,1762,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Atrichopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FDE41CF74FF9E4FF" box="[540,649,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. bifidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae, Black Lake, North Burgess Township,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FAC71CF748E7E4FF" box="[1343,1431,1762,1787]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Ontario</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FF6F1D134D9EE51B" box="[151,238,1798,1823]" name="Canada" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FF021D134C0EE51B" box="[250,382,1798,1823]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1971-06-21">21-VI-1971</date>
(CNCI).
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FE141D124F1EE51B" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[492,622,1798,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FE141D124F1EE51B" box="[492,622,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD4F3017FD851D134FAAE51A" box="[637,730,1798,1823]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
, Tegeler See,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FC831D134E94E51B" box="[891,996,1798,1823]" name="Germany" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FC081D134918E51B" box="[1008,1128,1798,1823]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1931-05-20">20-V-1931</date>
(ZSMC); 7 pupal exuviae, Strelna,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FF0D1D3F4CA6E547" box="[245,470,1834,1859]" country="Russia" name="Leningrad" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Leningrad Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FE1B1D3F4F40E547" box="[483,560,1834,1859]" name="Russia" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FDC41D3F4FC4E547" box="[572,692,1834,1859]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1998-05-30">30-V-1998</date>
(ZIN).
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4F3017FCF51D3F4EDDE547" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[781,941,1834,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipennis">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4F3017FCF51D3F4EDDE547" box="[781,941,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. longipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae, Black Lake, Stanleyville,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FF6F1D5B4D9FE563" box="[151,239,1870,1895]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Ontario</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FEF81D5B4C27E563" box="[256,343,1870,1895]" name="Canada" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FE901D5B4C9CE563" box="[360,492,1870,1895]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1975-06-24">24-VI-1975</date>
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FBC21D5B49CEE563" box="[1082,1214,1870,1895]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1975-06-25">25-VI-1975</date>
(USNM); 5 pupal exuviae, Rideau River, Ottawa,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FDF91D674F29E58F" box="[513,601,1906,1931]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Ontario</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FD9E1D674FCDE58F" box="[614,701,1906,1931]" name="Canada" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FD311D674E31E58F" box="[713,833,1906,1931]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1960-05-29">29-V-1960</date>
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Black Lake,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FF6F1D834D9FE5AB" box="[151,239,1942,1967]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Quebec</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FF041D834C23E5AB" box="[252,339,1942,1967]" name="Canada" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FE981D834C94E5AB" box="[352,484,1942,1967]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1971-06-21">21-VI-1971</date>
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Bemus Point, Chautauqua Lake,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FB681D824877E5AB" box="[1168,1287,1942,1967]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FAEC1D83483FE5AB" box="[1300,1359,1942,1967]" name="United States of America" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FAA41D834DBFE5D7" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1963-05-31">31-V- 1963</date>
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Wanakena, St. Lawrence County,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4F3017FC7C1DAE4E8AE5D7" box="[900,1018,1978,2003]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4F3017FBFD1DAF4930E5D7" box="[1029,1088,1978,2003]" name="United States of America" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4F3017FBB31DAF49BFE5D7" box="[1099,1231,1978,2003]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1963-06-25">25-VI-1963</date>
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Cranberry Lake, St. Lawrence County,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4C3014FD4B1A8D4E59E2B4" box="[691,809,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4C3014FCCC1A824E1FE2B4" box="[820,879,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4C3014FC811A824E8EE2B4" box="[889,1022,151,176]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1963-06-25">25-VI-1963</date>
(USNM).
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD4C3014FB8E1A8D49A5E2AB" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1142,1237,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Sphaeromias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FB8E1A8D49A5E2AB" box="[1142,1237,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 4 pupal exuviae, Raigorodok,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4C3014FED21AA94C86E2D1" box="[298,502,188,213]" country="Ukraine" name="Donets'k" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Donetsk Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4C3014FDFA1AA94F2FE2D1" box="[514,607,188,213]" name="Ukraine" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4C3014FD931AA94F93E2D1" box="[619,739,188,213]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1970-05-30">30-V-1970</date>
(ZIN).
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD4C3014FCC31AA94E39E2D7" box="[827,841,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S</emphasis>
. sp.: 2 pupal exuviae, White Lake,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD4C3014FB251AA94845E2D1" box="[1245,1333,188,213]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Ontario</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4C3014FAB91AA948E8E2D1" box="[1345,1432,188,213]" name="Canada" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4C3014FF6F1ACA4C7FE2FC" box="[151,271,223,248]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1967-05-29">29-V-1967</date>
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Rutka Tartak nr Suwałki,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD4C3014FCA21ACA4EDBE2FC" box="[858,939,223,248]" name="Poland" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Poland</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD4C3014FC4E1ACA4945E2FC" box="[950,1077,223,248]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1993-07-02">2-VII-1993</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD4C3014FBBC1ACA49FDE2FC" box="[1092,1165,223,248]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/26db-tnj6" name="Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universita" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">IZUG</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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