treatments-xml/data/02/75/87/027587C9BD1B3040FD61187C4E88E7C4.xml

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<mods:title id="509D2987B67624EDCC860D2908820C0E">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD1B3040FD61187C4E88E7C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5589807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD1B3040FD61187C4E88E7C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD1B3040FD61187C4E88E7C4" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1B3043FD61187C4EEAE087" ID-CoL="3KVH" ID-ENA="209707" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[665,922,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FD61187C4E45E087" bold="true" box="[665,821,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
Meigen
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1B3043FE89189949B2E0A1" box="[369,1218,652,677]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1B3043FE89189949B2E0A1" blockId="53.[369,1218,617,677]" box="[369,1218,652,677]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
(
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FE8118994C99E0A1" box="[377,489,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 13C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FE0D18994F56E0A1" box="[501,550,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">15B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FDCA18994F0DE0A1" box="[562,637,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle &amp; Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">19H–J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD7118994FCAE0A1" box="[649,698,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">24C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD3E18994F89E0A1" box="[710,761,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">29N</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FCFC18994E47E0A1" box="[772,823,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">32H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FCBA18994E03E0A1" box="[834,883,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">35B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FC8718994EBFE0A1" box="[895,975,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">43P–Q</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FC221899497BE0A1" box="[986,1035,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">48C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FBEF18994939E0A1" box="[1047,1097,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="302.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-61@302.[184,1415,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="302" captionText="FIGURE 57. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Culicoides haematopotus (from Borkent 2012). B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995, compressed dorsoventrally)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949252/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">57C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FBAC189949F7E0A1" box="[1108,1159,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">58A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FB6A189949CAE0A1" box="[1170,1210,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth &amp; Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">73J</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1B3043FF6F18C14E95E131" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1B3043FF6F18C14E95E131" blockId="53.[151,1437,724,2009]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FF6F18C14C44E0E9" bold="true" box="[151,308,724,749]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
: Only pupa of 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD1B3043FE1718C14FDEE0E9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[495,686,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
with the dorsal apotome with a pronounced central dome from which both dorsal apotome setae arise (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FDB718E24FACE114" box="[591,732,759,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle &amp; Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 19H–J</figureCitation>
); also unique in having an inner tracheal tube of the respiratory organ strongly hooked apically, appearing as an inverted &quot;J&quot; (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FCBF19094EA9E131" box="[839,985,796,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 43P–Q</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD1B3040FF3F192A4CFFE361" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD1B3040FF3F192A4CFFE361" blockId="53.[151,1437,724,2009]" lastBlockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FF3F192A4CFAE15C" bold="true" box="[199,394,831,856]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
: Total length = 
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD1B3043FDBD192A4F9DE153" box="[581,749,831,856]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" metricValueMax="3.38" metricValueMin="1.88" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="2.63" valueMax="3.38" valueMin="1.88">1.88–3.38 mm</quantity>
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD1119714E22E179" box="[745,850,868,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
). Ecdysial tear medial or posteromedial to base of antenna (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FF0619924C1FE1A4" box="[254,367,903,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 15B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FE8319924CC0E1A4" box="[379,432,903,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">79D</figureCitation>
); along prothoracic extension. 
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FCF419924E3BE1A4" bold="true" box="[780,843,903,928]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Head</emphasis>
: Dorsal apotome (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FBE6199249DBE1A4" box="[1054,1195,903,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle &amp; Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 19H–J</figureCitation>
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, with central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FB4419B94851E1C1" box="[1212,1313,940,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FDCF19E14FEBE609" box="[567,667,1012,1037]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
) with only mandible or mandible ventral to lacinia; palpus extending equal to or just posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FE971E294CAAE651" box="[367,474,1084,1109]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 35B</figureCitation>
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD851E4A4E79E67C" box="[637,777,1119,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle &amp; Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 19H–J</figureCitation>
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FBE91E914908E699" box="[1041,1144,1156,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
)—2 short, slender setae; oculars (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FF041EB24C13E6C4" box="[252,355,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum. 
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FCDD1EB24E0EE6C4" bold="true" box="[805,894,1191,1216]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Thorax</emphasis>
: Prothoracic extension (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FB651EB24876E6C4" box="[1181,1286,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
) wide, welldeveloped, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially or with slight protuberance, not dividing metathorax medially (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FCAA1EFA4ECDE70C" box="[850,957,1263,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 48C</figureCitation>
); respiratory organ (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FB521EFA484CE70C" box="[1194,1340,1263,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 43P–Q</figureCitation>
) length/ width = 2.74–3.68, moderately elongate, apical half somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting or slightly separated at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single straight or curve row, outer surface smooth or with some wrinkles, with or without short, wide pedicel, base with slender, strung out posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube apically J-shaped, surface smooth or distally with plates; wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FF181FB14C37E7B9" box="[224,327,1444,1469]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 35B</figureCitation>
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FF671FD24C77E7E4" box="[159,263,1479,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 32H</figureCitation>
) just separate; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FB0A1FD24829E7E4" box="[1266,1369,1479,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 35B</figureCitation>
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FA971FF94DBBE42C" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 32H</figureCitation>
); with apex of foreleg ventral to or moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg slightly dorsal to, partially abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 seta; anterolaterals—2 setae; dorsal setae (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FF671C424C76E474" box="[159,262,1623,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 29N</figureCitation>
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T posterior to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD781C694F95E491" box="[640,741,1660,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 48C</figureCitation>
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax. 
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD1B3043FEBA1C8A4CC6E4BC" bold="true" box="[322,438,1695,1720]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Abdomen</emphasis>
: without pigmentation pattern or pigmentation patterns only evident in alcohol/ glycerin material, with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–8 with 3 medial spots, anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with medial spot, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with bilobed, short and triangular to elongate and slender tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FDAD1D3A4FC3E54C" box="[597,691,1839,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth &amp; Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 73J</figureCitation>
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally to nearly laterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FA961D414DB7E594" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 48C</figureCitation>
) with 6 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FD661D894E63E5B1" box="[670,787,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="302.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-61@302.[184,1415,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="302" captionText="FIGURE 57. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Culicoides haematopotus (from Borkent 2012). B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995, compressed dorsoventrally)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949252/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs. 57C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD1B3043FCDD1D894E25E5B1" box="[805,853,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">58A</figureCitation>
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV setae on either short tubercle, bilobed or bifid elongate tubercles; D-5-IV present or absent, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to elongate setae; each at base of short bilobed or elongate bifid, separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV or D-5-IV absent and D-7-IV anterior to D-9-IV; L-1-IV short seta at base of short bilobed or elongate bifid tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4- IV short setae at base of bilobed elongate bifid tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV on bilobed or at base of bifid, elongate tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FBDF1B3249F4E344" box="[1063,1156,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth &amp; Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 73J</figureCitation>
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FF3F1B7A4FC5E3F1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF3F1B7A4FC5E3F1" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF3F1B7A4F17E38C" bold="true" box="[199,615,367,392]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
: The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FCF91B654EE5E383" box="[769,917,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FCF91B654EE5E383" box="[769,917,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from 43 species in the Holarctic Region with adults emerging in cold environments (Arctic, mountainous, or in early spring) (
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD183040FB3C1B814DA3E3D4" author="Borkent &amp; Grogan" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref177577" refString="Borkent, A. &amp; Grogan, W. L. (1995) A revision of the genus Ceratopogon Meigen with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, and bionomic divergence (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 15, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1995">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FB3C1B814850E3A9" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1220,1312,404,429]" genus="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
&amp; Grogan 1995
</bibRefCitation>
). Immatures have been found in moss in cold forest pools, at the margins of shallow water bodies, bogs, fens, in moist soil, on flood plains and on lake shores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FF3F1BEA49F6E17B" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF3F1BEA486DE038" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF3F1BEA4F5EE01C" bold="true" box="[199,558,511,536]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
: Six species of 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FD1318154E0FE013" box="[747,895,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FD1318154E0FE013" box="[747,895,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known as pupae (
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD183040FB791BEA498FE01C" box="[1153,1279,511,536]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as &quot;sp.&quot; are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
) and the five Nearctic ones are keyed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD183040FE3518314F81E039" author="Borkent &amp; Grogan" box="[461,753,548,573]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref177577" refString="Borkent, A. &amp; Grogan, W. L. (1995) A revision of the genus Ceratopogon Meigen with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, and bionomic divergence (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 15, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1995">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FE3518314F57E039" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[461,551,548,573]" genus="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
&amp; Grogan (1995)
</bibRefCitation>
as part of a comprehensive revision of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF3F185D4940E13C" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FF3F185D4C89E064" authorityName="Borkent &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[199,505,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boomerangus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF3F185D4C89E064" box="[199,505,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ceratopogon boomerangus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only member of the genus missing the full complement of abdominal sensilla present in most 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FEB718794F7EE081" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[335,526,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
(and all other 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FD4218794E3EE087" box="[698,846,620,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FD4218794E3EE087" box="[698,846,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with fourth abdominal segment sensillum D-5-IV absent. The figure of the fourth abdominal segment of 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FCDC18854E91E0AC" authorityName="Borkent &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[804,993,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boomerangus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FCDC18854E91E0AC" box="[804,993,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. boomerangus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shown in 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FB9B189A49BAE0AC" box="[1123,1226,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="302.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-61@302.[184,1415,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="302" captionText="FIGURE 57. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Culicoides haematopotus (from Borkent 2012). B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995, compressed dorsoventrally)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949252/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 57C</figureCitation>
(from 
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD183040FAD8189A4C5DE0C9" author="Borkent &amp; Grogan" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref177577" refString="Borkent, A. &amp; Grogan, W. L. (1995) A revision of the genus Ceratopogon Meigen with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, and bionomic divergence (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 15, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1995">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FAD8189A480AE0AC" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1312,1402,655,680]" genus="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
&amp; Grogan 1995
</bibRefCitation>
) is distorted by compression and the distribution of the sensilla are broader than is natural (i.e. the dorsal and ventral sensilla are actually more lateral, L-1-IV, L-2-IV and L-3-IV are shown as ventral). This is true for all the species illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD183040FDD518E94EEEE111" author="Borkent &amp; Grogan" box="[557,926,764,789]" firstAuthor="Borkent" page="183" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref177577" refString="Borkent, A. &amp; Grogan, W. L. (1995) A revision of the genus Ceratopogon Meigen with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, and bionomic divergence (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 15, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1995">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FDD518E94FF7E111" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[557,647,764,789]" genus="Borkent" pageId="54" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Borkent</taxonomicName>
&amp; Grogan (1995:183)
</bibRefCitation>
. The fourth abdominal segment of 
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FAAE18E94800E117" box="[1366,1392,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C.</emphasis>
nr. 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FF6F190A4C5BE13C" authorityName="Borkent &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,299,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inverecundus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF6F190A4C5BE13C" box="[151,299,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">inverecundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FEB7190A4CC3E13C" box="[335,435,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 58A</figureCitation>
was drawn from an uncompressed specimen in glycerin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF3F195149F6E17B" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD183040FF3F19514CD1E159" author="Mayer" box="[199,417,836,861]" firstAuthor="Mayer" page="238" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="205 - 288" refId="ref190389" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 a) Die Metamorphose der Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.). Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie, Systematik. Okologie und Biologie der Jugendstadien dieser Dipterenfamilie. Archiv fur Naturgeschicthe, 3, 205 - 288." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="a">Mayer (1934a:238)</bibRefCitation>
described a pupa referred to as &quot;Genus incertum&quot; from 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FBDE195149FEE159" box="[1062,1166,836,861]" name="Germany" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Germany</collectingCountry>
which was reexamined for this study. It is a species of 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FE0A197D4FF6E17B" box="[498,646,872,895]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FE0A197D4FF6E17B" box="[498,646,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ceratopogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but cannot be identified to species at present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FF3F19994E88E7C4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF3F19994E88E7C4" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF3F19994F74E1A1" bold="true" box="[199,516,908,933]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FDEE19994FD5E1A1" authorityName="Borkent &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[534,677,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abstrusus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FDEE19994FD5E1A1" box="[534,677,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. abstrusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FC5A19994977E1A1" box="[930,1031,908,933]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), Sand Pond Br., Blue Ridge, New York, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FF2319BA4C66E1CC" box="[219,278,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FED919BA4CE8E1CC" box="[289,408,943,968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1959-05-26">26-V-1959</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FD1719BA4E24E1CC" box="[751,852,943,968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), The Gulf Brook, Blue Ridge, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FB4A19A54857E1CC" box="[1202,1319,943,968]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FAC919BA481CE1CC" box="[1329,1388,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FA8F19BA4D9AE1E9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1958-05-25">25- V-1958</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FDBD19C14FDAE1E9" box="[581,682,980,1005]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FD4519C14E40E1E9" box="[701,816,980,1005]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
(?) (NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FB4919C14866E1E9" box="[1201,1302,980,1005]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), Hamilton-Essex, Newcomb, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FE8819ED4C9AE614" box="[368,490,1015,1040]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FE0219E24F45E614" box="[506,565,1015,1040]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FDBC19E24FCDE614" box="[580,701,1015,1040]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1959-05-28">28-V-1959</date>
(NYSM). 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FCC519ED4ECCE614" authorityName="Borkent &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[829,956,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcanus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FCC519ED4ECCE614" box="[829,956,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. arcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 2 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FB3919E24841E614" box="[1217,1329,1015,1040]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), Fishing Creek, Newcomb, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FE971E094C99E631" box="[367,489,1052,1077]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FE0F1E094F42E631" box="[503,562,1052,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FDB81E094FDAE631" box="[576,682,1052,1077]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1958-05-05">5-V-1958</date>
(NYSM); 2 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FBEF1E09490CE631" box="[1047,1148,1052,1077]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), Huntington Rd. Marsh, Newcomb, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FEE01E554CFFE65C" box="[280,399,1087,1112]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FE611E2A4CA4E65C" box="[409,468,1087,1112]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FE181E2A4F28E65C" box="[480,600,1087,1112]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1958-05-14">14-V-1958</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FC4B1E2A4968E65C" box="[947,1048,1087,1112]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), Blue Mountain Lake, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FADA1E5548E8E65C" box="[1314,1432,1087,1112]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FF6F1E714DA2E679" box="[151,210,1124,1149]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FF251E714C37E679" box="[221,327,1124,1149]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1960-05-03">3-V-1960</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FD591E714E76E679" box="[673,774,1124,1149]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), High Rock Pond outlet, Inlet, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FB931E714991E679" box="[1131,1249,1124,1149]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FB141E714857E679" box="[1260,1319,1124,1149]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FACA1E7148EDE679" box="[1330,1437,1124,1149]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1958-05-08">8-V-1958</date>
(NYSM); 2 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FE0C1E924F14E6A4" box="[500,612,1159,1184]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), Hamilton-Essex, Newcomb, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FC391E9D4949E6A4" box="[961,1081,1159,1184]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FBBE1E9249F1E6A4" box="[1094,1153,1159,1184]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FB761E924875E6A4" box="[1166,1285,1159,1184]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1959-05-11">11-V-1959</date>
(NYSM). 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FA7A1E9D4C5FE6C1" authorityName="Borkent &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boomerangus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FA7A1E9D4C5FE6C1" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. boomerangus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FDD41EB94FFAE6C1" box="[556,650,1196,1221]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
), College Park, Prince George County, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FBAC1EB949B4E6C1" box="[1108,1220,1196,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Maryland</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FB2A1EB9487DE6C1" box="[1234,1293,1196,1221]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FAE21EB948EDE6C1" box="[1306,1437,1196,1221]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1976-04-14">14-IV-1976</date>
(USNM). 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FEF01EC54CCDE6EC" authorityName="Borkent &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[264,445,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inverecundus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FEF01EC54CCDE6EC" box="[264,445,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. inverecundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 2 pupal exuviae (of 
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FD521EDA4E6AE6EC" box="[682,794,1231,1256]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), Edge 6 Mile Creek, Long Lake, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD183040FB6E1EC5487BE6EC" box="[1174,1291,1231,1256]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New York</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FAEE1EDA4821E6EC" box="[1302,1361,1231,1256]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FAA41EDA4DBFE709" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1959-05-18">18-V- 1959</date>
(NYSM). 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FEB31EE14C9EE708" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="1997" box="[331,494,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naccinervis">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FEB31EE14C9EE708" box="[331,494,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. naccinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae, Severskii Donets River, Donetsk Province, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FB491EE1487EE709" box="[1201,1294,1268,1293]" name="Ukraine" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FAE21EE148ECE709" box="[1306,1436,1268,1293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1970-04-16">16-IV-1970</date>
(ZIN). 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FF1E1F0D4C3AE734" authorityName="Borkent &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[230,330,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willisi">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF1E1F0D4C3AE734" box="[230,330,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. willisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD183040FEA11F024CD5E72B" box="[345,421,1303,1328]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FE4B1F024F69E734" box="[435,537,1303,1328]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), College Park, Prince Georges County, Maryland, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FBAE1F0249A8E734" box="[1110,1240,1303,1328]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1976-03-17">17-III-1976</date>
(USNM); 
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD183040FAA91F0248EBE72B" box="[1361,1435,1303,1328]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD183040FF661F294C74E751" box="[158,260,1340,1365]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), as previous locality, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FDF71F294FE1E751" box="[527,657,1340,1365]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1976-03-26">26-III-1976</date>
(USNM). 
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FCEA1F294E55E757" box="[786,805,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
. nr. 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FCA71F294EBAE751" authorityName="Borkent &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[863,970,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abstrusus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FCA71F294EBAE751" box="[863,970,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">abstrusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), 2 pupal exuviae, Bolean Lake, 
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD183040FE5C1F4A4C90E77C" box="[420,480,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
NE Falkland, BC, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FD3F1F4A4E6DE77C" box="[711,797,1375,1400]" name="Canada" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FCD51F4A4EAFE77C" box="[813,991,1375,1400]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1989-07-12" valueMax="1989-07-13" valueMin="1989-07-12">12-13-VII-1989</date>
(CNCI). 
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FBAA1F754915E773" box="[1106,1125,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
. nr. 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FB661F4A4842E77C" authorityName="Borkent &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1995" box="[1182,1330,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inverecundus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FB661F4A4842E77C" box="[1182,1330,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">inverecundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), 1 pupal exuviae, Bolean Lake, 
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD183040FD171F914E58E799" box="[751,808,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
NE Falkland, BC, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FBF91F914928E799" box="[1025,1112,1412,1437]" name="Canada" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD183040FB9C1F914866E799" box="[1124,1302,1412,1437]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1989-07-12" valueMax="1989-07-13" valueMin="1989-07-12">12-13-VII-1989</date>
(CNCI). C. sp.: 
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD183040FF3D1FB24C64E7BB" box="[197,276,1447,1472]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
, Haspertalsperre Sauerland, Westfalen, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD183040FD291FB24E49E7C4" box="[721,825,1447,1472]" name="Germany" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Germany</collectingCountry>
1-VI-? (ZSMC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>