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<document id="670CCA53EC96B7469D35EFAE8344D236" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD0A3053FD8A18D84EDAE0F4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Austroconops Wirth &amp; Lee" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2A1799CF5053135F62D8752CF856390F">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EEA9ACAB027C82259EB2469AA45D5113">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7614D266058979EFCF7BD30C3ED3AB2C">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD0A3053FD8A18D84EDAE0F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589199" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5589199" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD0A3053FD8A18D84EDAE0F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD0A3053FD8A18D84EDAE0F4" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0A3052FD8A18D84EB0E0E3" box="[626,960,717,743]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0A3052FD8A18D84EB0E0E3" blockId="36.[408,1179,717,776]" box="[626,960,717,743]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0A3052FD8A18D84EB0E0E3" ID-CoL="369G" ID-ENA="209696" authority="Wirth &amp; Lee" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Lee" box="[626,960,717,743]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austroconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FD8A18D84EB0E0E3" bold="true" box="[626,960,717,743]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FD8A18D84E68E0E3" bold="true" box="[626,792,717,743]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Austroconops</emphasis>
Wirth &amp; Lee
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0A3052FE6018FA49EBE10C" box="[408,1179,751,776]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0A3052FE6018FA49EBE10C" blockId="36.[408,1179,717,776]" box="[408,1179,751,776]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
(
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE5918FA4F74E10C" box="[417,516,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence &amp; Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FDE818FA4F32E10C" box="[528,578,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">14A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FDB618FA4FF1E10C" box="[590,641,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">18A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FD7518FA4FCFE10C" box="[653,703,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">23A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FD3318FA4F8EE10C" box="[715,766,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">29A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FCF118FA4E4CE10C" box="[777,828,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">32A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FCB018FA4E0BE10C" box="[840,891,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">34A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FC7E18FA4EAAE10C" box="[902,986,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="287.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[241,1365,180,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-223@287.[219,1376,176,1661]" captionTargetPageId="287" captionText="FIGURE 42. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 42B in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). C. Leptoconops americanus (from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar (from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) longispina (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Warmkea) malayae (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea (from Saunders 1957). I. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor (from Saunders 1957). J. Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) cerifera (from Saunders 1957). K. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) genualis (from Saunders 1957, as raleighi). L. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) nigra (from Saunders 1924). M. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) ciliata (from Saunders 1924). N. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) bromelicola (from Saunders 1925, (as an Apelma)). O. Forcipomyia (Synthyridomyia) acidicola (Synthyridomyia) (from Saunders 1924). P. Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) crinita (from Saunders 1964). Q. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) quasicornuta (from Saunders 1964). R. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) cornuta (from Saunders 1964). S. Atrichopogon wirthi (from Chan &amp; Linley 1988). T. Atrichopogon thienemanni (from Lenz 1934)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949204/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">42A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FC1C18FA4968E10C" box="[996,1048,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">47A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FBDB18FA4926E10C" box="[1059,1110,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="300.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[227,1388,234,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-61@300.[219,1401,229,1968]" captionTargetPageId="300" captionText="FIGURE 55. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949244/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">55A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FB9918FA49E3E10C" box="[1121,1171,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan &amp; Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan &amp; LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan &amp; LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan &amp; Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">72A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0A3052FF6F19224C3CE19C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0A3052FF6F19224C3CE19C" blockId="36.[151,1437,823,2037]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FF6F19224C44E154" bold="true" box="[151,308,823,848]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
: Only pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0A3052FE0C19224FC3E154" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[500,691,823,848]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
with pair of elongate dorsocephalic sclerite setae abutting the respiratory organ (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE9E19494CB0E171" box="[358,448,860,885]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence &amp; Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
); also unique with prothoracic extension restricted to lateral margin of palpus as narrow lobe (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FF2E196A4C4FE19C" box="[214,319,895,920]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0A3053FF3F19B14CFFE344" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0A3053FF3F19B14CFFE344" blockId="36.[151,1437,823,2037]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FF3F19B14CFAE1B9" bold="true" box="[199,394,932,957]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
: Habitus as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FDC819B14FF8E1B9" box="[560,648,932,957]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence &amp; Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
. Total length =
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD0A3052FCCD19B14EECE1BF" box="[821,924,932,957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.84" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1.84">1.84 mm</quantity>
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum separate from lateral margin of face (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FC8F19D24E94E1E4" box="[887,996,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
). Ecdysial tear along anterior of and anteromedial to base of antenna, entire head capsule loose (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FCBC19F94EC8E601" box="[836,952,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="259.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,177,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-97@259.[151,1436,175,1914]" captionTargetPageId="259" captionText="FIGURE 14. Anterior portion of heads. A. Austroconops mcmillani, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. B. Leptoconops bequaerti, in anterior view (distorted slide specimen). C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anterior view (Florida, USA). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. in anteroventral view (Florida, USA). E. Atrichopogon sp., in anterior view (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949108/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 14A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FC3D19F94E8AE601" box="[965,1018,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">79A</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FBF719F9493FE601" bold="true" box="[1039,1103,1004,1029]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Head</emphasis>
: Dorsal apotome (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FADD19F948FEE601" box="[1317,1422,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FF261E214C34E649" box="[222,324,1076,1101]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side broadly meeting medially in whole pupa; mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FD521E424E63E674" box="[682,787,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
) with mandible, lacinia well-developed, not overlapping apically; palpus extending anterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FEE51E8A4CF3E6BC" box="[285,387,1183,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE2A1ED14F4BE6D9" box="[466,571,1220,1245]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="263.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,191,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-119@263.[151,1436,185,1842]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURE 18. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops bequaerti. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near F. antiguensis. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (undescribed, from Peru). E. Atrichopogon sp. (undescribed, from Costa Rica). F. Dasyhelea insons (from Mayer 1934c). G. Dasyhelea tersa (from Mayer 1934c). H. Dasyhelea assimilis (from Mayer 1934c). I. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified). J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified). K. Dasyhelea messersmithi (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified). L. Dasyhelea atlantis (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949124/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—2 elongate setae with apices laying against respiratory organ, 1 campaniform sensillum (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FAD61EF248FEE704" box="[1326,1422,1255,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence &amp; Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
); clypeal-labrals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FEB71F194CCAE721" box="[335,442,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
)—1 elongate seta (campaniform sensillum, if present, invisible on wrinkled cuticle); oculars (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FF0F1F3A4C2BE74C" box="[247,347,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
)—2 elongate setae, one longer than other.
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FCC21F3A4EE3E74C" bold="true" box="[826,915,1327,1352]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Thorax</emphasis>
: Prothoracic extension (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FB5B1F3A4879E74C" box="[1187,1289,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="268.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1386,225,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-81@268.[180,1399,219,1940]" captionTargetPageId="268" captionText="FIGURE 23. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. near antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from St. Pierre de Wakefield, Quebec, Canada). F. Dasyhelea paracincta. G. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949144/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
) restricted to lateral margin of palpus as narrow lobe; mesonotum without tubercles, extending posteromedially, nearly dividing metathorax medially (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE621F624F79E794" box="[410,521,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
); respiratory organ (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FD071F624EE7E794" box="[767,919,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="287.[151,250,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[241,1365,180,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-223@287.[219,1376,176,1661]" captionTargetPageId="287" captionText="FIGURE 42. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 42B in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). C. Leptoconops americanus (from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar (from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) longispina (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Warmkea) malayae (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea (from Saunders 1957). I. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor (from Saunders 1957). J. Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) cerifera (from Saunders 1957). K. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) genualis (from Saunders 1957, as raleighi). L. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) nigra (from Saunders 1924). M. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) ciliata (from Saunders 1924). N. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) bromelicola (from Saunders 1925, (as an Apelma)). O. Forcipomyia (Synthyridomyia) acidicola (Synthyridomyia) (from Saunders 1924). P. Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) crinita (from Saunders 1964). Q. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) quasicornuta (from Saunders 1964). R. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) cornuta (from Saunders 1964). S. Atrichopogon wirthi (from Chan &amp; Linley 1988). T. Atrichopogon thienemanni (from Lenz 1934)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949204/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 42A–B</figureCitation>
) length/width = 3.27, moderately elongate, somewhat flattened laterally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with elongate conical pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ elongate, annulated, tracheal tube slightly sinuous, with spirals extending just over half length, distally smooth; wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE601C124C8DE424" box="[408,509,1543,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FECE1C394CEEE441" box="[310,414,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
) broadly separate; halter apex extending to about half length of tergite 1; legs (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FAD41C3948E4E441" box="[1324,1428,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="279.[151,250,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[195,1385,213,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-69@279.[187,1395,201,1905]" captionTargetPageId="279" captionText="FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949186/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing somewhat sinuous; hind leg not visible at lateral margin of wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FF261C614C36E489" box="[222,326,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
); with apex of foreleg ventral to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 very minute seta; anterolaterals—2 elongate, 1 short setae; dorsal setae (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FB0C1C824829E4B4" box="[1268,1369,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 29A</figureCitation>
)—D- 1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T bifurcating setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T, if present, posteromedial to D-4-T; supraalar 2—elongate seta (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FE2F1CCA4F43E4FC" box="[471,563,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="253.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,187,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-131@253.[189,1413,183,1839]" captionTargetPageId="253" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitus. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in lateral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops spinosifrons, male, in lateral view (from Laurence &amp; Mathias 1972). C. Leptoconops gallicus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier 1972). D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) spatulifera, female, dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). E. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). F. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). G. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) caerulea, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957). H. Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) varicolor, female, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1957)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949084/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
); metathoracics (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FD001CCA4E10E4FC" box="[760,864,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0A3052FE041D114F00E519" bold="true" box="[508,624,1796,1821]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Abdomen</emphasis>
: without pigmentation pattern, segments 2, 3 equally or nearly equally wide, segments with elongate, bifurcating setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FC381D594958E561" box="[960,1064,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan &amp; Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan &amp; LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan &amp; LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan &amp; Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 72A</figureCitation>
) not strongly modified, terminal processes widely separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally with apex directed dorsally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FDFA1D814F18E5A9" box="[514,616,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="292.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,191,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-74@292.[201,1383,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="292" captionText="FIGURE 47. Metathoraces and tergites 1 (in dorsal view). A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. D. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. E. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). F. Dasyhelea pseudoincisuata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949218/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 47A</figureCitation>
) with 5 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum, including 1 lateral sensillum, D- 2-I, D-3-I on shared tubercle, D-7-I absent; segment 4 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0A3052FCF11DAD4E1FE5D5" box="[777,879,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="300.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[227,1388,234,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-61@300.[219,1401,229,1968]" captionTargetPageId="300" captionText="FIGURE 55. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Austroconops mcmillani (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949244/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 55A</figureCitation>
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV elongate, bifid setae on single tubercle; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV bifurcating elongate setae on short, separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-7-IV, D-9-IV; D-4-IV positioned medial to D-3- IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on short, pointed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV bifid setae on short pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV bifid setae, V-5-IV, V-6-IV on elongate tubercles, V- 7-IV on short tubercle; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, with L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD0B3053FBDA1B1149F8E319" box="[1058,1160,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="317.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[228,1373,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-192@317.[227,1378,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="317" captionText="FIGURE 72. Abdominal segments 9. A. Austroconops mcmillani, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2004). B. Leptoconops whitseli, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). C. Leptoconops whitseli, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). D. Leptoconops asilomar, male, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). E. Leptoconops asilomar, female, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Clastrier &amp; Wirth 1978). F. Forcipomyia anabaenae, female, in dorsal view (from Chan &amp; Saunders 1965). G. Forcipomyia eques, male, in ventral view (from Chan &amp; LeRoux 1965). H. Forcipomyia rugosa, female, in dorsal view (from Chan &amp; LeRoux 1970). I. Forcipomyia brevis, female, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). J. Atrichopogon wirthi, male, in dorsal view, arrow indicating anteriorly directed spines (from Chan &amp; Linley 1988). K. Dasyhelea contigua, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). L. Dasyhelea grata, male, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949308/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 72A</figureCitation>
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0B3053FF3F1B594EA8E01C" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0B3053FF3F1B594EA8E01C" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FF3F1B594F2FE361" bold="true" box="[199,607,332,357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
: The genus
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0B3053FD161B594EF7E367" box="[750,903,332,355]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austroconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FD161B594EF7E367" box="[750,903,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Austroconops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, once broadly distributed in the Cretaceous, is now known from two species from southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD0B3053FD2E1B7A4E4DE38C" box="[726,829,367,392]" name="Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD0B3053FCB71B7A492AE38C" author="Borkent &amp; Craig" box="[847,1114,367,392]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref177485" refString="Borkent, A. &amp; Craig, D. A. (2004) Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous genus of biting midges yet living in Western Australia: a new species, first description of the immatures and discussion of their biology and phylogeny (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates, 3449, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 449 &lt;0001: AWALAL&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Borkent &amp; Craig 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Although immmatures are unknown in nature, the larvae moved snake-like through very wet substrate in the laboratory, clearly indicating that their natural habitat must be subaquatic or aquatic. It would be valuable to search for larvae and pupae at Yanchep National Park, in
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD0B3053FE9B1BC94F40E3F1" box="[355,560,476,501]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, where a large adult population of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0B3053FC3B1BC94924E3F1" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Lee" authorityYear="1959" box="[963,1108,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austroconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcmillani">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FC3B1BC94924E3F1" box="[963,1108,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. mcmillani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives with this in mind. The behaviour of the lethargic pupa was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD0B3053FD3B1BEA4EA4E01C" author="Borkent &amp; Craig" box="[707,980,511,536]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref177485" refString="Borkent, A. &amp; Craig, D. A. (2004) Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous genus of biting midges yet living in Western Australia: a new species, first description of the immatures and discussion of their biology and phylogeny (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates, 3449, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 449 &lt;0001: AWALAL&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Borkent &amp; Craig (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0B3053FF3F18314E3CE0AC" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0B3053FF3F18314E3CE0AC" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FF3F18314F5EE039" bold="true" box="[199,558,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD0B3053FDB818314E28E039" author="Borkent &amp; Craig" box="[576,856,548,573]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref177485" refString="Borkent, A. &amp; Craig, D. A. (2004) Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous genus of biting midges yet living in Western Australia: a new species, first description of the immatures and discussion of their biology and phylogeny (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates, 3449, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 449 &lt;0001: AWALAL&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Borkent &amp; Craig (2004)</bibRefCitation>
described the pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0B3053FB9D18314988E039" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Lee" authorityYear="1959" box="[1125,1272,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austroconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcmillani">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FB9D18314988E039" box="[1125,1272,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. mcmillani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a single pupal exuviae, reared from an egg, and this is the only known specimen of the genus.
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD0B3053FB7E185248ECE064" author="Borkent &amp; Craig" box="[1158,1436,583,608]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref177485" refString="Borkent, A. &amp; Craig, D. A. (2004) Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous genus of biting midges yet living in Western Australia: a new species, first description of the immatures and discussion of their biology and phylogeny (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). American Museum Novitates, 3449, 1 - 67. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 449 &lt;0001: AWALAL&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Borkent &amp; Craig (2004)</bibRefCitation>
missed D-3-T and D-4-I (both campaniform sensilla), identified the closely approximated sensilla D-2-IV and D-3- IV as a single seta (as dasm ii) and missed the minute D-1-IV.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD0B3053FF3F18A14EDAE0F4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD0B3053FF3F18A14EDAE0F4" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FF3F18A14F78E0C9" bold="true" box="[199,520,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD0B3053FDE618A14FC4E0C9" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Lee" authorityYear="1959" box="[542,692,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Austroconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcmillani">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD0B3053FDE618A14FC4E0C9" box="[542,692,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. mcmillani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae, Yanchep National Park,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD0B3053FB3D18A148E8E0C9" box="[1221,1432,692,717]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD0B3053FF6F18C24C71E0F4" box="[151,257,727,752]" name="Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Australia</collectingCountry>
, reared from egg from female collected
<date id="FE62101FBD0B3053FD3A18C24E36E0F4" box="[706,838,727,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2001-11-20">20-XI-2001</date>
(CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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