treatments-xml/data/02/27/87/022787FEFFAC194FFF1638FAFD73F86F.xml

<document id="C8E6AB587CF03A18A2CF597EC1F982F4" ID-CLB-Dataset="26928" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4596.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cb288575-93a8-4e59-86fd-ee6bae784b6a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2659091" ID-ZooBank="B88EA161-04D3-4D50-B3FD-E98A60DA3740" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556872200693" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="A, Contreras-Félix Gerardo &amp; Oscar, Francke B." docDate="2019" docId="022787FEFFAC194FFF1638FAFD73F86F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4596.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4596 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Vaejovis C. L. Koch 1836" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FE1EFF86FFA41943FF813C15FFA7FF9B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the “ mexicanus ” group of the genus Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698725788431" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1765F9991C020475F18AC685941E7524">Taxonomic revision of the “ mexicanus ” group of the genus Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F6204851A91E4A7E8403193244AFC6A2">A, Contreras-Félix Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="280EA6198CE810EF9A12B2E0280E09B0">Oscar, Francke B.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="022787FEFFAC194FFF1638FAFD73F86F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156941540" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:022787FEFFAC194FFF1638FAFD73F86F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/022787FEFFAC194FFF1638FAFD73F86F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C2946563FFAC194BFF1638FAFD09FA91" box="[151,686,1263,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFAC194BFF1638FAFD09FA91" blockId="8.[151,686,1263,1290]" box="[151,686,1263,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D1798184FFAC194BFF1638FAFD09FA91" bold="true" box="[151,686,1263,1290]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFF1638FAFD09FA91" bold="true" box="[151,686,1263,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFF1638FAFE35FA92" bold="true" box="[151,402,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAC194BFF1638FAFF5DFA92" ID-CoL="85MN" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,250,1263,1289]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vaejovis</taxonomicName>
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAC194BFE9138FAFE35FA92" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[272,402,1263,1289]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">mexicanus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
” group Soleglad, 1973
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C2946563FFAC194FFF163923FB3DFE13" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFAC194AFF163923FDB1FE13" blockId="8.[151,1436,1334,2007]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,789]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFF163923FEB6FAD4" bold="true" box="[151,273,1334,1359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This group of species can be differentiated by the following combination of characters (modified from Soleglad, 1973, 
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFAC194BFED7394FFE53FAE8" author="Sissom, W. D." box="[342,500,1370,1395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="131 - 157" refId="ref65485" refString="Sissom, W. D. (1989) Systematic studies on Vaejovis granulatus Pocock and Vaejovis pusillus Pocock, with descriptions of six new related species (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). Revue Arachnologique, 8 (9), 131 - 157." type="journal article" year="1989">Sissom, 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFAC194BFD84394FFC00FAE8" author="Santibanez-Lopez, C. E. &amp; Francke, O. F." box="[517,935,1370,1395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="555 - 571" refId="ref65257" refString="Santibanez-Lopez, C. E. &amp; Francke, O. F. (2010) New and poorly known species of the mexicanus group of the genus Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Arachnology, 38, 555 - 571. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / Ha 09 - 64.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Santibáñez-López &amp; Francke, 2010</bibRefCitation>
): 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFC3C394FFC73FAE8" bold="true" box="[957,980,1370,1395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">a)</emphasis>
three macro-setae on each side of the anterior margin of the carapace (Fig: 1-a); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFDF4396BFD28FA0C" bold="true" box="[629,655,1406,1431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">b)</emphasis>
the reduction of the size of the posterior lateral eye almost to half the size of the anterior two eyes, and usually at 45 degrees of the middle eye to the inner portion of the carapace (Fig: 1-b), ocelli 
<typeStatus id="5535884AFFAC194BFE9E39D2FEE8FA44" box="[287,335,1479,1503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
3B (
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFAC194BFE0A39D3FD07FA44" author="Loria, S. F. &amp; Prendini, L." box="[395,672,1478,1503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref64790" refString="Loria, S. F. &amp; Prendini, L. (2014) Homology of the Lateral Eyes of Scorpiones: A Six-Ocellus Model. PlosONE, 9 (12), 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0112913" type="journal article" year="2014">Loria &amp; Prendini, 2014</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFD3739D3FD6AFA44" bold="true" box="[694,717,1478,1503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">c)</emphasis>
carapace on males always shorter than metasomal segment V (Carapace/MS-V: average 0.92 ±0.05) except in 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAC194BFD5039FEFC3BF998" authorityName="Hendrixson and Sissom" authorityYear="2001" box="[721,924,1515,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofemoratus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFD5039FEFC3BF998" box="[721,924,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">V. nigrofemoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; on females this character is more variable (average 0.99 ±0.6); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFEFE3A1BFE30F9BC" bold="true" box="[383,407,1550,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">d)</emphasis>
presence of two pairs of carinae on mesosomal tergite VII (Fig: 1-c); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFB203A1BFB10F9BC" bold="true" box="[1185,1207,1550,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">e)</emphasis>
the partial fusion on the basal 2/3rds to 4/5ths of the female genital opercula; 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFCAC3A27FC98F9D0" bold="true" box="[813,831,1586,1611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">f)</emphasis>
the presence of a pair of vestigial lateral carinae on mesosomal sternite VII (Fig: 1-d); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFDA23A43FD9DF9F4" bold="true" box="[547,570,1622,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">g)</emphasis>
the presence of 8 to 22 setae on sternite VII (the common pattern is 8 setae, which are always present (Fig: 1-d); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFDBE3A6FFDFFF908" bold="true" box="[575,600,1658,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">h)</emphasis>
the gradual weakening of metasomal lateral median carinae on posterior segments, obsolete in segment IV (Fig: 1-e); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFD183A8BFD0DF92C" bold="true" box="[665,682,1694,1719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">i)</emphasis>
the lateral median carina of metasomal segment V never reaching the posterior edge, usually extending only on anterior half (Fig: 1-e); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFC273AD7FC1FF940" bold="true" box="[934,952,1730,1755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">j)</emphasis>
the laterobasal aculear serrations absent in adults (Fig: 1-f); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFEDD3AF3FED2F964" bold="true" box="[348,373,1766,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">k)</emphasis>
pedipalp femur dorsal face flat, may present large granules on anterior face; 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFB683AF3FB5DF964" bold="true" box="[1257,1274,1766,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">l)</emphasis>
femur always shorter than the carapace (Carapace L/Femur L x= 1.19 ±0.3 on males, x= 1.24 ±0.18 on females); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFA933B1FFA95F8B8" bold="true" box="[1298,1330,1802,1827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">m)</emphasis>
pedipalp patella always longer than the femur (Femur L/Patella L x= 0.88 ±0.05 on males, x= 0.88 ±0.03 on females); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFADB3B3BFAD5F8DC" bold="true" box="[1370,1394,1838,1863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n)</emphasis>
the pedipalp femur height never greater than its width (Femur W/D x= 1.35 ±0.25 on males, x=1.35 ±0.12 on females); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFF163B63FF08F814" bold="true" box="[151,175,1910,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">o)</emphasis>
the stout, bulky pedipalp chela manus usually as wide as deep (CM W/D x=0.98±0.04 on males, x=0.98±0.06 on females); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFE893B8FFE85F828" bold="true" box="[264,290,1946,1971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">p)</emphasis>
the presence of trichobothria 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFDFB3B8EFD1DF829" box="[634,698,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ib - it</emphasis>
at the base of the fixed finger (Fig: 2-a); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFB1E3B8FFB1FF828" bold="true" box="[1183,1208,1946,1971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">q)</emphasis>
on males, the fixed finger is never longer than the chela manus (CM L/FF L x= 1.28 ±0.24); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAC194BFB853BABFBBDF84C" bold="true" box="[1028,1050,1982,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">r)</emphasis>
pedipalp chela fixed finger with primary row of denticles divided into six subrows by five enlarged primary denticles, with six inner accessory denticles (Fig: 2-b); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFEFF3CA9FE35FF4E" bold="true" box="[382,402,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">s)</emphasis>
movable finger with primary row of denticles subdivided into six subrows by five enlarged primary granules and with seven inner accessory denticles; 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFCCC3CCAFCF8FF63" bold="true" box="[845,863,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">t)</emphasis>
legs may present 2 to 6 telotarsal distal spinules (mode= 4) (The only exception being 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFDC13D10FD08FE87" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1989" box="[576,687,260,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiapas">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFDC13D10FD08FE87" box="[576,687,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V. chiapas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because it presents only 1); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFC773D11FBA8FE86" bold="true" box="[1014,1039,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">u)</emphasis>
telotarsi with 2 or more proinferior setae; 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFF5F3D32FF52FEDB" bold="true" box="[222,245,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">v)</emphasis>
telotarsi with 2-3 retroinferior setae; 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFD1C3D32FD1DFEDB" bold="true" box="[669,698,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">w)</emphasis>
hemispermatophore lamelliform, with the capsular hooks always located basally (Fig: 2-c); 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFE493D59FE78FEFE" bold="true" box="[456,479,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">x)</emphasis>
hemispermatophore with median lobe present in capsular region, and never with a sclerotized mating plug (Fig: 2-e).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFAD194AFF463D81FF74FC8E" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Differs from “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFEE93D81FE65FE37" authorityName="Stahnke" authorityYear="1940" box="[360,450,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFEE93D81FE65FE37" box="[360,450,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vorhiesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group as follows: Males of the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFCC43D81FC38FE37" authorityName="Stahnke" authorityYear="1940" box="[837,927,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFCC43D81FC38FE37" box="[837,927,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vorhiesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group with a sclerotized mating plug in the hemispermatophore (Fig: 3-a), whereas males of the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFD783DADFCC8FE54" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[761,879,440,463]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFD783DADFCC8FE54" box="[761,879,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group lack this structure. Adult members of the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFF223DC9FF5AFE6F" authorityName="Stahnke" authorityYear="1940" box="[163,253,476,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFF223DC9FF5AFE6F" box="[163,253,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vorhiesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group present well-developed LAS (Fig: 3-b), and adults of the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFC6C3DC8FBC4FE6F" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[1005,1123,477,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFC6C3DC8FBC4FE6F" box="[1005,1123,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group do not; presence on telotarsi of one seta only on the prointernal (
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFD0F3E15FD03FD8C" box="[654,676,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pi</emphasis>
) and retrointernal (
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFC013E15FC34FD8C" box="[896,915,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ri</emphasis>
) regions on the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFBD93E15FB15FD83" authorityName="Stahnke" authorityYear="1940" box="[1112,1202,512,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFBD93E15FB15FD83" box="[1112,1202,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vorhiesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group, whereas the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFF223E30FEBEFDA7" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[163,281,549,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFF223E30FEBEFDA7" box="[163,281,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group presents at least two or more setae on each side on legs III and IV; finally, the fixed finger of pedipalp chela is longer than the chela manus on the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFC913E5DFCCDFDFB" authorityName="Stahnke" authorityYear="1940" box="[784,874,584,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFC913E5DFCCDFDFB" box="[784,874,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vorhiesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group, but on the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFBDF3E5DFB73FDC4" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[1118,1236,584,607]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFBDF3E5DFB73FDC4" box="[1118,1236,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group the fixed finger is shorter than the chela manus, at least on males. It is important to indicate that there is at least one additional behavioral character to separate these two species groups: in the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFB903E85FBCCFD33" authorityName="Stahnke" authorityYear="1940" box="[1041,1131,656,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFB903E85FBCCFD33" box="[1041,1131,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vorhiesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group the new-born first instar scorpions display a tile-like arrangement over the mother’s back (see photos in Ayrey 2013a, b; 
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFAD194AFAB83EA1FE90FD6B" author="Ayrey, R. F. &amp; Webber, M. M." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="21 - 35" refId="ref63048" refString="Ayrey, R. F. &amp; Webber, M. M. (2013) A new Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1837, the second known vorhiesi group species from the Santa Catalina Mountains of Arizona (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). Zookeys, 270, 21 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 270.4500" type="journal article" year="2013">Ayrey &amp; Webber, 2013</bibRefCitation>
), whereas on the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFD893ECDFDD9FD74" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[520,638,728,751]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFD893ECDFDD9FD74" box="[520,638,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group the new-born first instars are randomly placed on the mother’s back.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DEF16660FFAD194AFF163AF9FA9DF821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2659095/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1772,1794]" targetBox="[226,1360,847,1754]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFAD194AFF163AF9FA9DF821" blockId="9.[151,1436,1772,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFF163AF9FEB3F899" bold="true" box="[151,276,1772,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
a—Carapace, dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFDB03AF8FD6CF899" authority="A &amp; Oscar, 2019" authorityName="A &amp; Oscar" authorityYear="2019" box="[561,715,1772,1794]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santibagnezi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFDB03AF8FD6CF899" box="[561,715,1772,1794]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V. santibagnezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFD533AF9FCABF899" bold="true" box="[722,780,1772,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A3C95781FFAD194AFD533AF9FCABF899" box="[722,780,1772,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) showing the distinctive characters of the group; 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFA883AF9FA89F899" bold="true" box="[1289,1326,1772,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">a—</emphasis>
red arrows marking the six distinctive setae on the frontal margin; green arrows making the location of the lateral eyes. 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFA913B1EFA90F8BA" bold="true" box="[1296,1335,1803,1825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">b—</emphasis>
Carapace, lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFE9D3B3FFE12F8A4" authority="A &amp; Oscar, 2019" authorityName="A &amp; Oscar" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,437,1833,1855]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santibagnezi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFE9D3B3FFE12F8A4" box="[284,437,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V. santibagnezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFE3D3B3CFE52F8A4" bold="true" box="[444,501,1833,1855]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A3C95781FFAD194AFE3D3B3CFE52F8A4" box="[444,501,1833,1855]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) white circles marking the positions and size of each lateral eye. 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFB0D3B3CFB17F8A4" bold="true" box="[1164,1200,1833,1855]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c—</emphasis>
Mesosomal tergite VII, dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFE9F3B5CFE03F8C5" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[286,420,1865,1886]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFE9F3B5CFE03F8C5" box="[286,420,1865,1886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), yellow arrows marking each carina present on this segment. 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFBAF3B5DFBF2F8C5" bold="true" box="[1070,1109,1864,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">d—</emphasis>
Mesosomal sternite VII, ventral view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFF5D3B7DFEC1F8E6" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[220,358,1896,1917]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFF5D3B7DFEC1F8E6" box="[220,358,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), white circles, marking the positions of the 8 setae always present on the species included in the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFF233B93FEAAF800" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[162,269,1926,1947]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFF233B93FEAAF800" box="[162,269,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group. 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFEF73B90FE3DF800" bold="true" box="[374,410,1925,1947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">e—</emphasis>
Metasoma, lateral view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFD2F3B93FC9EF800" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[686,825,1926,1947]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFD2F3B93FC9EF800" box="[686,825,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), red lines marking the presence and length of lateral inframedian carina on each segment. 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFD903BB1FD95F821" bold="true" box="[529,562,1956,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">f—</emphasis>
Vesicle, dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAD194AFC8D3BB0FC37F821" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[780,912,1957,1978]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAD194AFC8D3BB0FC37F821" box="[780,912,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">V. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), purple arrows marking the lack of LAS.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DEF16660FFAE1949FF163AD9FA84F8E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2659097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,1740,1762]" targetBox="[340,1247,193,1716]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFAE1949FF163AD9FA84F8E6" blockId="10.[151,1436,1740,1917]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAE1949FF163AD9FE98F979" bold="true" box="[151,319,1740,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 2. a—</emphasis>
Pedipalp chela, prolateral view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAE1949FD083ADBFCAAF978" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[649,781,1742,1763]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAE1949FD083ADBFCAAF978" box="[649,781,1742,1763]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">V. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), white circles marking trichobothria 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAE1949FB0F3AD9FB6BF978" box="[1166,1228,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ib—it</emphasis>
on the base of fixed finger. 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAE1949FF5F3AF9FEA2F899" bold="true" box="[222,261,1772,1794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b—</emphasis>
Fixed finger, ventral prolateral view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAE1949FD013AF8FCA4F899" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[640,771,1773,1794]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAE1949FD013AF8FCA4F899" box="[640,771,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">V. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), showing the prolateral granules and the division of the principal row of granules (the accessory denticles numbered from 1-6 on the right side of each dentcle). 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAE1949FBD83B1EFBDAF8BA" bold="true" box="[1113,1149,1803,1825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">c—</emphasis>
Movable finger, dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAE1949FF1E3B3EFE85F8DB" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[159,290,1835,1856]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAE1949FF1E3B3EFE85F8DB" box="[159,290,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">V. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), showing the prolateral granules and the division of the principal row (the accessory denticles numbered from 1- 7 on the right side of each denticle). 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAE1949FD9D3B5DFDD2F8C5" bold="true" box="[540,629,1864,1886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">d, e, f—</emphasis>
Spermatophores of three different species included in the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAE1949FB5D3B5CFAE0F8C5" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[1244,1351,1865,1886]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAE1949FB5D3B5CFAE0F8C5" box="[1244,1351,1865,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group, showing the hooks always present at the base of the lamella (from left to right 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAE1949FC333B7DFAB4F8E6" box="[946,1299,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAE1949FC333B7DFBB6F8E6" authorityName="Santibanez-Lopez &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2010" box="[946,1041,1895,1917]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzahui">V. dzahui</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAE1949FB9A3B7DFB3BF8E6" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1989" box="[1051,1180,1895,1917]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">V. monticola</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAE1949FB243B7DFAB4F8E6" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1990" box="[1189,1299,1896,1917]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sprousei">V. sprousei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DEF16660FFAF1948FF1639EDFCF8F9F1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2659099/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1528,1550]" targetBox="[340,1247,193,1507]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFAF1948FF1639EDFCF8F9F1" blockId="11.[151,1437,1528,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FF1639EDFEE5F995" bold="true" box="[151,322,1528,1550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 3. a—</emphasis>
Hemispermathophore of 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FDC439EFFD09F995" authorityName="Stahnke" authorityYear="1940" box="[581,686,1528,1551]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FDC439EFFD09F995" box="[581,686,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. vorhiesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, included in the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FCEE39EDFC67F995" authorityName="Stahnke" authorityYear="1940" box="[879,960,1528,1550]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FCEE39EDFC67F995" box="[879,960,1528,1550]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">vorhiesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group, showing the sclerotized mating plug. 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FF163A02FF19F9B6" bold="true" box="[151,190,1559,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">b—</emphasis>
Vesicle, dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FE1B3A0DFE5BF9B6" authorityName="Ayrey &amp; Soleglad" authorityYear="2011" box="[410,508,1560,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crumpi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FE1B3A0DFE5BF9B6" box="[410,508,1560,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. crumpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), showing the Lateral Aculear Serrations at the base of the sting. 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FB1D3A02FB67F9B6" bold="true" box="[1180,1216,1559,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">c—</emphasis>
Hemispermathophore of 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FF323A22FEA3F9D0" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1991" box="[179,260,1589,1612]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FF323A22FEA3F9D0" box="[179,260,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. kochi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, included on the “ 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FE433A20FD0DF9D0" box="[450,682,1589,1611]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FE433A20FD97F9D0" authorityName="Soleglad &amp; Fet" authorityYear="2005" box="[450,560,1589,1611]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Franckeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Franckeus</taxonomicName>
+nigrescens
</emphasis>
” group, showing the sclerotized mating plug. 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FB043A20FB0BF9D0" bold="true" box="[1157,1196,1589,1611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">d—</emphasis>
Vesicle, dorsal view (
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FA083A22FF69F9F1" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1991" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FA083A22FF69F9F1" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. kochi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), showing the Lateral Aculear Serrations at the base of the sting.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFAF194FFF463A82FB3DFE13" blockId="11.[151,1436,1687,2036]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,896]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The other species group within 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FDA93A8DFD25F934" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[552,642,1688,1711]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FDA93A8DFD25F934" box="[552,642,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Vaejovis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, “ 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FD213A82FC07F934" box="[672,928,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FD213A82FCBDF934" authorityName="Soleglad &amp; Fet" authorityYear="2005" box="[672,794,1687,1711]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Franckeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Franckeus</taxonomicName>
+nigrescens
</emphasis>
” group, presents a morphology similar to the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FF223AA9FEBEF948" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[163,281,1724,1747]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FF223AA9FEBEF948" box="[163,281,1724,1747]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group, but they differ as follows: the presence of a sclerotized mating plug, and the hook on the spermatophore elevated on the lamella in the “ 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FD353ACAFC13F96C" box="[692,948,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FD353ACAFC89F96C" authorityName="Soleglad &amp; Fet" authorityYear="2005" box="[692,814,1759,1783]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Franckeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Franckeus</taxonomicName>
+nigrescens
</emphasis>
” group (Fig: 3-c), but in the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FA983AF5FA28F96C" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[1305,1423,1760,1783]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FA983AF5FA28F96C" box="[1305,1423,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group the sclerotized mating plug is always absent, and the lamellar hooks on the spermatophore are always located at the base near the capsular region. In addition, in the “ 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FC843B32FBA2F8A4" box="[773,1029,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FC843B32FCD8F8A4" authorityName="Soleglad &amp; Fet" authorityYear="2005" box="[773,895,1831,1855]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Franckeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Franckeus</taxonomicName>
+nigrescens
</emphasis>
” group, the pedipalp chela manus is three or more times longer than wide (in almost every species more than four times longer than wide); whereas in the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FF4E3B65FEE2F81C" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[207,325,1904,1927]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FF4E3B65FEE2F81C" box="[207,325,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group the chela manus is conspicuously rounded and always less than three times longer than wide (on males usually as long as wide); the tip on the pedipalp chela fingers presents a white, elongated patch at the tip (Fig: 3-d), plus the distalmost denticle conspicuously sharp and enlarged on the “ 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FB113BA2FA37F854" box="[1168,1424,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FB113BA2FAADF854" authorityName="Soleglad &amp; Fet" authorityYear="2005" box="[1168,1290,1975,1999]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Franckeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Franckeus</taxonomicName>
+nigrescens
</emphasis>
” group, but the members of the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFAF1948FD833BC9FDDFF868" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[514,632,2012,2035]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFAF1948FD833BC9FDDFF868" box="[514,632,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group lack the white patch on the fingertips, and the distal denticle is rounded and not enlarged with respect to the other denticles. In addition, the metasomal ventral submedian carinae on segments I–IV are entirely smooth in most of the species of “ 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC1B3CA9FB3DFF4F" box="[922,1178,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFC1B3CA9FBB3FF4F" authorityName="Soleglad &amp; Fet" authorityYear="2005" box="[922,1044,188,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Franckeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Franckeus</taxonomicName>
+nigrescens
</emphasis>
” group (except for 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFA063CA8FF49FF63" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norteno">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFA063CA8FF49FF63" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. norteno</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFF7F3CF4FE26FF63" box="[254,385,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dicipiens">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF7F3CF4FE26FF63" box="[254,385,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. dicipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFE3A3CF4FDC2FF63" baseAuthorityName="Beauvois" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[443,613,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinianus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFE3A3CF4FDC2FF63" box="[443,613,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. carolinianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Fig: 3-e), whereas in the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFC313CF5FB81FF6C" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[944,1062,224,247]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC313CF5FB81FF6C" box="[944,1062,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group these carinae are always granulose; and finally, adults of the “ 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFDCD3D11FCECFE87" box="[588,843,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFDCD3D11FD61FE87" authorityName="Soleglad &amp; Fet" authorityYear="2005" box="[588,710,260,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Franckeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Franckeus</taxonomicName>
+nigrescens
</emphasis>
” group always present LAS (Fig: 3-f), whereas in adults of the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFEB83D3DFE08FEA4" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[313,431,296,319]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFEB83D3DFE08FEA4" box="[313,431,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group the LAS are absent. There are not many observations reported of females of the “ 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF223D59FE15FEFF" box="[163,434,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFF223D59FE87FEFF" authorityName="Soleglad &amp; Fet" authorityYear="2005" box="[163,288,332,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Franckeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Franckeus</taxonomicName>
+nigrescens”
</emphasis>
group carrying young on their backs, but on the few species of this group that have been observed and or photographed (unpublished data), the newborn are neatly stacked like tiles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2946563FFA8194FFF463D81FB0BFD6B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFA8194FFF463D81FBECFE36" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,896]" box="[199,1099,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF463D81FEC3FE36" bold="true" box="[199,356,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="5535884AFFA8194FFF463D81FEA5FE36" box="[199,258,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFEEA3D80FCB5FE36" authority="C. L. Koch, 1836" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[363,786,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFEEA3D80FDE2FE37" box="[363,581,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vaejovis mexicanus</emphasis>
C. L. 
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFD0D3D81FCB5FE36" author="Koch, C. L." box="[652,786,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="17 - 104" refId="ref64701" refString="Koch, C. L. (1836) Die Arachniden. Nurnberg: C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, 3 (1 - 5), 17 - 104." type="journal article" year="1836">Koch, 1836</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, species group nominotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFA8194FFF463DA2FB0BFD6B" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF463DA2FE2CFE4B" bold="true" box="[199,395,439,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Species included</emphasis>
(listed alphabetically): 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFD153DACFCB0FE4B" authority="A &amp; Oscar, 2019" authorityName="A &amp; Oscar" authorityYear="2019" box="[660,791,440,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceboruco" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFD153DACFCB0FE4B" box="[660,791,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. ceboruco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A3C95781FFA8194FFC9F3DA2FCFAFE54" box="[798,861,439,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC9F3DA2FCF1FE4B" bold="true" box="[798,854,439,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFCED3DACFBD9FE4B" authority="Sissom, 1989" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1989" box="[876,1150,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiapas">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFCED3DACFC79FE4B" box="[876,990,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. chiapas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFC653DA2FBD9FE4B" author="Sissom, W. D." box="[996,1150,439,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="131 - 157" refId="ref65485" refString="Sissom, W. D. (1989) Systematic studies on Vaejovis granulatus Pocock and Vaejovis pusillus Pocock, with descriptions of six new related species (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). Revue Arachnologique, 8 (9), 131 - 157." type="journal article" year="1989">Sissom, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFB083DACFAB8FE4B" authorityName="Contreras-Felix &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2014" box="[1161,1311,440,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coalcoman">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFB083DACFAB8FE4B" box="[1161,1311,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. coalcoman</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Contreras- Félix &amp; Francke, 2014; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFE3E3DC8FC49FE6F" authority="Santibanez-Lopez &amp; Francke, 2010" authorityName="Santibanez-Lopez &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2010" box="[447,1006,476,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFE3E3DC8FD9EFE6F" box="[447,569,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. darwini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFDC73DC9FC49FE6F" author="Santibanez-Lopez, C. E. &amp; Francke, O. F." box="[582,1006,476,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="555 - 571" refId="ref65257" refString="Santibanez-Lopez, C. E. &amp; Francke, O. F. (2010) New and poorly known species of the mexicanus group of the genus Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Arachnology, 38, 555 - 571. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / Ha 09 - 64.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Santibáñez-López &amp; Francke, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFB813DC8FABBFE6F" authority="Pocock, 1902" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1902" box="[1024,1308,476,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dugesi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFB813DC8FBCCFE6F" box="[1024,1131,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. dugesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFBF83DC9FABBFE6F" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[1145,1308,476,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref65091" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1902) Arachnida, Scorpiones, Pedipalpi and Solifugae. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 71 pp." type="book" year="1902">Pocock, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFAAE3DC8FD8DFD83" authority="Santibanez-Lopez &amp; Francke, 2010" authorityName="Santibanez-Lopez &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzahui">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFAAE3DC8FA3BFE6F" box="[1327,1436,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. dzahui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFF163DEAFD8DFD83" author="Santibanez-Lopez, C. E. &amp; Francke, O. F." box="[151,554,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="555 - 571" refId="ref65257" refString="Santibanez-Lopez, C. E. &amp; Francke, O. F. (2010) New and poorly known species of the mexicanus group of the genus Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Arachnology, 38, 555 - 571. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / Ha 09 - 64.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Santibáñez-López &amp; Francke, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFDB73E14FCF6FD83" authority="Sissom, 1989" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1989" box="[566,849,511,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franckei">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFDB73E14FD08FD83" box="[566,687,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. franckei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFD373DEAFCF6FD83" author="Sissom, W. D." box="[694,849,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="131 - 157" refId="ref65485" refString="Sissom, W. D. (1989) Systematic studies on Vaejovis granulatus Pocock and Vaejovis pusillus Pocock, with descriptions of six new related species (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). Revue Arachnologique, 8 (9), 131 - 157." type="journal article" year="1989">Sissom, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFCDC3E14FB30FD83" authority="Pocock, 1898" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1898" box="[861,1175,511,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFCDC3E14FC55FD83" box="[861,1010,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. granulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFC7B3DEAFB30FD83" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[1018,1175,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="394 - 400" refId="ref65038" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1898) The scorpions of the genus Vaejovis contained in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 1 (5), 394 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939808677990" type="journal article" year="1898">Pocock, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFB223E14FF74FDA7" authority=", Sissom, 1989" authorityName=", Sissom" authorityYear="1989" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFB223E14FA92FD83" box="[1187,1333,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. maculosus</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFAC53DEAFF74FDA7" author="Sissom, W. D." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="131 - 157" refId="ref65485" refString="Sissom, W. D. (1989) Systematic studies on Vaejovis granulatus Pocock and Vaejovis pusillus Pocock, with descriptions of six new related species (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). Revue Arachnologique, 8 (9), 131 - 157." type="journal article" year="1989">Sissom, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFF5C3E30FD9EFDA6" authority="C. L. Koch, 1836" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[221,569,548,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF5C3E30FEC9FDA7" box="[221,366,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. mexicanus</emphasis>
C. L. 
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFE353E31FD9EFDA6" author="Koch, C. L." box="[436,569,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="17 - 104" refId="ref64701" refString="Koch, C. L. (1836) Die Arachniden. Nurnberg: C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, 3 (1 - 5), 17 - 104." type="journal article" year="1836">Koch, 1836</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFDC53E30FC4EFDA7" authority="Graham &amp; Bryson, 2010" authorityName="Graham &amp; Bryson" authorityYear="2010" box="[580,1001,548,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFDC53E30FD6BFDA7" box="[580,716,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. montanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFD523E31FC4EFDA7" author="Graham, M. R. &amp; Bryson Junior, R. W." box="[723,1001,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="285 - 293" refId="ref64155" refString="Graham, M. R. &amp; Bryson Junior, R. W. (2010) Vaejovis montanus (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae), a new species from the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. Journal of Arachnology, 38, 285 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / Ha 09 - 90.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Graham &amp; Bryson, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFC753E30FA87FDA7" authority="Sissom, 1989" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1989" box="[1012,1312,548,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC753E30FBDBFDA7" box="[1012,1148,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. monticola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFB073E31FA87FDA7" author="Sissom, W. D." box="[1158,1312,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="131 - 157" refId="ref65485" refString="Sissom, W. D. (1989) Systematic studies on Vaejovis granulatus Pocock and Vaejovis pusillus Pocock, with descriptions of six new related species (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). Revue Arachnologique, 8 (9), 131 - 157." type="journal article" year="1989">Sissom, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFAAA3E30FD78FDFB" authority="Miranda-Lopez, Ponce-Saavedra and Francke, 2012" authorityName="Miranda-Lopez, Ponce-Saavedra and Francke" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morelia">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFAAA3E30FA3BFDA7" box="[1323,1436,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. morelia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFF163E52FD78FDFB" author="Miranda-Lopez, E. P. &amp; Ponce-Saavedra, J. &amp; Francke, O. F." box="[151,735,583,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="966 - 975" refId="ref64908" refString="Miranda-Lopez, E. P., Ponce-Saavedra, J. &amp; Francke, O. F. (2012) Una especie nueva de Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) del centro de Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 83, 966 - 975." type="journal article" year="2012">Miranda-López, Ponce-Saavedra and Francke, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFD6B3E5CFCD9FDFB" authority="A &amp; Oscar, 2019" authorityName="A &amp; Oscar" authorityYear="2019" box="[746,894,584,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanchititla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFD6B3E5CFCD9FDFB" box="[746,894,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. nanchititla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC043E52FC63FDFB" bold="true" box="[901,964,583,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A3C95781FFA8194FFC043E52FC63FDFB" box="[901,964,583,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFC503E5CFF74FD1F" authority="Hendrixson &amp; Sissom, 2001" authorityName="Hendrixson &amp; Sissom" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofemoratus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC503E5CFB3FFDFB" box="[977,1176,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. nigrofemoratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFB1E3E52FF74FD1F" author="Hendrixson, B. E. &amp; Sissom, W. D." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="215 - 223" refId="ref64404" refString="Hendrixson, B. E. &amp; Sissom, W. D. (2001) Descriptions of two new species of Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 from Mexico, with a redescription of Vaejovis pusillus Pocock, 1898 (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). In: Fet, V. &amp; Selden, P. A. (Eds.), Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society, Burnham Beeches, Bucks, pp. 215 - 223." type="book chapter" year="2001">Hendrixson &amp; Sissom, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFF603E78FCABFD1F" authority="Santibanez-Lopez &amp; Francke, 2010" authorityName="Santibanez-Lopez &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2010" box="[225,780,620,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prendinii">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF603E78FEC2FD1F" box="[225,357,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. prendinii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFEF13E79FCABFD1F" author="Santibanez-Lopez, C. E. &amp; Francke, O. F." box="[368,780,620,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="555 - 571" refId="ref65257" refString="Santibanez-Lopez, C. E. &amp; Francke, O. F. (2010) New and poorly known species of the mexicanus group of the genus Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Arachnology, 38, 555 - 571. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / Ha 09 - 64.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Santibáñez-López &amp; Francke, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFC9D3E78FB9CFD1F" authority="Pocock, 1898" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1898" box="[796,1083,620,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC9D3E78FC35FD1F" box="[796,914,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. pusillus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFC1D3E79FB9CFD1F" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[924,1083,620,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="394 - 400" refId="ref65038" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1898) The scorpions of the genus Vaejovis contained in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 1 (5), 394 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939808677990" type="journal article" year="1898">Pocock, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFBCA3E78FADFFD1F" authority="Sissom, 1989" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1989" box="[1099,1400,620,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossmani">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFBCA3E78FB68FD1F" box="[1099,1231,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. rossmani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFB5B3E79FADFFD1F" author="Sissom, W. D." box="[1242,1400,620,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="131 - 157" refId="ref65485" refString="Sissom, W. D. (1989) Systematic studies on Vaejovis granulatus Pocock and Vaejovis pusillus Pocock, with descriptions of six new related species (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). Revue Arachnologique, 8 (9), 131 - 157." type="journal article" year="1989">Sissom, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFA063E78FE82FD33" authority="A &amp; Oscar, 2019" authorityName="A &amp; Oscar" authorityYear="2019" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santibagnezi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFA063E78FE82FD33" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. santibagnezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A3C95781FFA8194FFEAD3E9AFECBFD3C" box="[300,364,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFEAD3E9AFEC3FD33" bold="true" box="[300,356,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFEFD3E84FD2BFD33" authority="Sissom, 1989" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1989" box="[380,652,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFEFD3E84FE4EFD33" box="[380,489,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. setosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFE703E9AFD2BFD33" author="Sissom, W. D." box="[497,652,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="131 - 157" refId="ref65485" refString="Sissom, W. D. (1989) Systematic studies on Vaejovis granulatus Pocock and Vaejovis pusillus Pocock, with descriptions of six new related species (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). Revue Arachnologique, 8 (9), 131 - 157." type="journal article" year="1989">Sissom, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFD193E84FC02FD33" authority=", Pocock, 1902" authorityName=", Pocock" authorityYear="1902" box="[664,933,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFD193E84FD52FD33" box="[664,757,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. smithi</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFC893E9AFC02FD33" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[776,933,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref65091" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1902) Arachnida, Scorpiones, Pedipalpi and Solifugae. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 71 pp." type="book" year="1902">Pocock, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFC303E84FB69FD33" authority="Sissom, 1990" authorityName="Sissom" authorityYear="1990" box="[945,1230,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sprousei">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC303E84FB8CFD3C" box="[945,1067,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. sprousei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFBB23E9AFB69FD33" author="Sissom, W. D." box="[1075,1230,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref65530" refString="Sissom, W. D. (1990) Systematics of Vaejovis dugesi Pocock, with descriptions of two new related species (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). Southwestern Naturalist, 35 (1), 47 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3671984" type="journal article" year="1990">Sissom, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFB5B3E84FA97FD33" authority="A &amp; Oscar, 2019" authorityName="A &amp; Oscar" authorityYear="2019" box="[1242,1328,656,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talpa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFB5B3E84FA97FD33" box="[1242,1328,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. talpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFAB93E9AFADFFD33" bold="true" box="[1336,1400,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A3C95781FFA8194FFAB93E9AFADFFD33" box="[1336,1400,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFA063E84FF4AFD57" authority="A &amp; Oscar, 2019" authorityName="A &amp; Oscar" authorityYear="2019" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapalpa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFA063E84FF4AFD57" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. tapalpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF753EA1FE94FD56" bold="true" box="[244,307,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A3C95781FFA8194FFF753EA1FE94FD56" box="[244,307,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFEC03EA0FC1CFD56" authority="Contreras-Felix, Francke &amp; Bryson, 2015" authorityName="Contreras-Felix, Francke &amp; Bryson" authorityYear="2015" box="[321,955,692,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenamaztlei">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFEC03EA0FE79FD57" box="[321,478,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. tenamaztlei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFE643EA1FC1CFD56" author="Contreras-Felix, G. A. &amp; Francke, O. F. &amp; Bryson Jr., R. W." box="[485,955,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref63465" refString="Contreras-Felix, G. A., Francke, O. F. &amp; Bryson Jr., R. W. (2015) A new species of the &quot; mexicanus &quot; group of the genus Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 from the Mexican state of Aguascalientes (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Zootaxa, 3936 (1), 131 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3936.1.8" type="journal article" year="2015">Contreras-Félix, Francke &amp; Bryson, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFC463EA0FA30FD57" authority="Hendrixson &amp; Sissom, 2001" authorityName="Hendrixson &amp; Sissom" authorityYear="2001" box="[967,1431,692,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC463EA0FBE8FD57" box="[967,1103,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. tesselatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFBD73EA1FA30FD57" author="Hendrixson, B. E. &amp; Sissom, W. D." box="[1110,1431,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="215 - 223" refId="ref64404" refString="Hendrixson, B. E. &amp; Sissom, W. D. (2001) Descriptions of two new species of Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 from Mexico, with a redescription of Vaejovis pusillus Pocock, 1898 (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). In: Fet, V. &amp; Selden, P. A. (Eds.), Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society, Burnham Beeches, Bucks, pp. 215 - 223." type="book chapter" year="2001">Hendrixson &amp; Sissom, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFF163ECCFD22FD6B" authority="Zarate-Galvez &amp; Francke, 2009" authorityName="Zarate-Galvez &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,645,727,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trespicos">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF163ECCFEB1FD74" box="[151,278,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. trespicos</emphasis>
Zarate-Galvez &amp; Francke, 2009
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFD113ECCFB0FFD6B" authority="Santibanez-Lopez &amp; Francke, 2010" authorityName="Santibanez-Lopez &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2010" box="[656,1192,727,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapoteca">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFD113ECCFCA8FD6B" box="[656,783,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. zapoteca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE1F4B19FFA8194FFC973EC2FB0FFD6B" author="Santibanez-Lopez, C. E. &amp; Francke, O. F." box="[790,1192,727,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="555 - 571" refId="ref65257" refString="Santibanez-Lopez, C. E. &amp; Francke, O. F. (2010) New and poorly known species of the mexicanus group of the genus Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Arachnology, 38, 555 - 571. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / Ha 09 - 64.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Santibáñez-López &amp; Francke, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2946563FFA8194FFF463EE9FD73F86F" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFA8194FFF463EE9FBB4FC1B" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF463EE9FEC7FC8E" bold="true" box="[199,352,764,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
This group is endemic to the highlands of 
<collectingCountry id="F2997678FFA8194FFCCC3EE9FC02FC8E" box="[845,933,764,789]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">México</collectingCountry>
, usually from 
<quantity id="4D769B0DFFA8194FFBCB3EE9FB58FC8F" box="[1098,1279,764,788]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2250.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="1800.0">
<date id="FE301028FFA8194FFBCB3EE9FB47FC8F" box="[1098,1248,764,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1800" valueMax="2700">1800 to 2700</date>
m
</quantity>
(occasionally specimens can be found at lower elevations), the species are distributed from the northern part of the Sierra Madre Oriental (
<collectingRegion id="484AF80AFFA8194FFE873F51FE3EFCC7" box="[262,409,836,860]" country="Mexico" name="Nuevo Leon" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nuevo Leon</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="484AF80AFFA8194FFE5B3F51FDFAFCC6" box="[474,605,836,861]" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
) south to the state of 
<collectingRegion id="484AF80AFFA8194FFCEC3F51FC6CFCC6" box="[877,971,836,861]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
; it is also present on the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexican Trans-Volcanic Belt and the Sierra Madre del Sur (Fig: 4).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DEF16660FFA8194FFF163AB7FBDFF923" box="[151,1144,1698,1720]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2659101/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,1698,1720]" targetBox="[162,1430,957,1668]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFA8194FFF163AB7FBDFF923" blockId="12.[151,1144,1698,1720]" box="[151,1144,1698,1720]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF163AB7FEB5F923" bold="true" box="[151,274,1698,1720]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Known distribution of all the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFD313AB6FCA5F923" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[688,770,1699,1720]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFD313AB6FCA5F923" box="[688,770,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vaejovis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, included in the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFC383AB6FB83F923" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[953,1060,1699,1720]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC383AB6FB83F923" box="[953,1060,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8A3136E8FFA8194FFF463ACAFD73F86F" blockId="12.[151,1436,1759,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFF463ACAFE2DF963" bold="true" box="[199,394,1759,1784]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Natural history.</emphasis>
These species are commonly found in temperate forest (oak, mixed oak-pine and pine forests) (Fig: 5-a, c), but some species are collected on more xeric habitats, such as 
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFBC93B11FB46F880" box="[1096,1249,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFBC93B11FB7AF880" authorityName=", Sissom" authorityYear="1989" box="[1096,1245,1795,1819]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosus">V. maculosus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which occurs in desert scrub (Fig: 5-b, d). Almost all species in this group prefer humid microclimates, such as under the bark of fallen and rotting logs (
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFE1A3B59FBA3F8F8" box="[411,1028,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFE1A3B59FDC2F8F8" authorityName="Hendrixson &amp; Sissom" authorityYear="2001" box="[411,613,1867,1891]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofemoratus">V. nigrofemoratus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFDEE3B59FD61F8F8" authorityName="A &amp; Oscar" authorityYear="2019" box="[623,710,1867,1891]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talpa">V. talpa</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFD503B59FCDAF8F8" authorityName="A &amp; Oscar" authorityYear="2019" box="[721,893,1867,1891]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santibagnezi">V. santibagnezi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFC063B59FBA3F8F8" authorityName="Santibanez-Lopez &amp; Francke" authorityYear="2010" box="[903,1028,1868,1891]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zapoteca">V. zapoteca</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), but they can be found under rocks, and other objects that provide dark and humid spaces. 
<taxonomicName id="4D8E4D6BFFA8194FFC8D3B65FC4EF81C" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[780,1001,1904,1927]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" genus="Vaejovis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B8FAEAFAFFA8194FFC8D3B65FC4EF81C" box="[780,1001,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vaejovis mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is common in 
<collectingRegion id="484AF80AFFA8194FFB193B7AFA80F813" box="[1176,1319,1903,1928]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico City</collectingRegion>
and often enters homes and gardens. On rare occasions, at night, some individuals can be found foraging on shrubs, rather than on the ground, where they commonly occur. The maternal care given to the new-born lasts for at least one month (laboratory observations, unpublished data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>