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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032736" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF062C004A19684B50793FC3CE7BEA48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF062C004A19684B50793FC3CE7BEA48" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<treatment id="CF062C004A19684B50793FC3CE7BEA48" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032736" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF062C004A19684B50793FC3CE7BEA48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF062C004A19684B50793FC3CE7BEA48" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" scope_class="Hydrozoa" scope_family="Stylasteridae" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subOrder="Filifera">
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<paragraph id="630E38EA7630B41A899C024094F8DBC7" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Stylantheca" authority="Fisher, 1931" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1931" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylantheca Fisher, 1931</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6BB16F4B081F4A91B05386074F88BDF2" ID-CoL="7Q383" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Stylantheca" authority="Fisher, 1931" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1931" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylantheca Fisher, 1931</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Colonies encrusting, forming thin laminae on rocks and shells, rarely forming short stubby branches. Coenosteum reticulate-granular and of many colors; coenosteal papillae quite common. Gastro- and dactylopores arranged in cyclosystems, often with more than one gastrostyle per cyclosystem; pores of the peripheral type; supernumerary dactylopores rare. Gastropore tube single-chambered, but may be constricted by a ring palisade. Dactylostyles usually robust. Ampullae usually internal.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="E903616981B024E91C4FE98B0617BA05" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FDD983581DC163ED1A0595D07ABC8CE9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="243245E3151F68A7B87C5682F06EA225" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Colonies encrusting, forming thin laminae on rocks and shells, rarely forming short stubby branches. Coenosteum reticulate-granular and of many colors; coenosteal papillae quite common. Gastro- and dactylopores arranged in cyclosystems, often with more than one gastrostyle per cyclosystem; pores of the peripheral type; supernumerary dactylopores rare. Gastropore tube single-chambered, but may be constricted by a ring palisade. Dactylostyles usually robust. Ampullae usually internal.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<subSubSection id="3C2CBB582339D31EAFCF8437F88F90A0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F917CC65AA09F19505E7C652806B7569" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D4DD15B203D1A1A5E32C4B266CF4253" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
As summarized by
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="427 - 508" title="A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera." volume="33" year="1983 b">Cairns (1983b)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="FF073F838381C56ADCCADBEFE854245E" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="427 - 508" title="A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera." volume="33" year="1983 b">Cairns (1983b)</bibRefCitation>
, species attributed to this genus have been placed in the genera
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopora" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Allopora</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2B139785440A68276210A131F7649EFC" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopora" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Allopora</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BA9501EB5E4D476323BB4292D4EA3923" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
, and as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D0A546AF97F0C57DE85E11217EBBD937" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca papillosa" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">Stylantheca papillosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="74F70CE314EDE45A6A5AC16EC8B42CC5" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca papillosa" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">Stylantheca papillosa</taxonomicName>
(Dall, 1884) is indeed very similar to
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="80648F69B9E4F9E2A74E2FAC3589B918" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
(Group A, i.e.,
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopora" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Allopora</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="107433C110AAD3E420F5B46DE44B719A" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopora" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Allopora</taxonomicName>
). At present the only characters differentiating
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylantheca</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="26D4AFEDA404C83F547956EC279DF10C" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylantheca</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="59C8AC64079B6E69ED3969EA9BA3B297" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
(Group A) is its tendency to form encrusting colonies, and its tendency to have more than one gastrostyle per cyclosystem, although there are exceptions to both of those criteria. Deeper water colonies of
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca papillosa" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">Stylantheca papillosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BA880F1D0122FF4178066029CFA2E7AA" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca papillosa" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">Stylantheca papillosa</taxonomicName>
often have short stubby branches, and the northern range of
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca papillosa" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">Stylantheca papillosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56965CAE87B0983E9BD4E56BD852C7AF" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca papillosa" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">Stylantheca papillosa</taxonomicName>
sometimes has only one gastrostyle per cyclosystem (see Remarks of
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca papillosa" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">Stylantheca papillosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F909DC7B8E51DEEB1CD889145FEC7694" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca papillosa" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">Stylantheca papillosa</taxonomicName>
). It is likely that
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylantheca</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="10CA6D00CEC1C1BE2F26875708DFDF29" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylantheca</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E0C33525096B5338DDB67DFD38461E4E" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylaster</taxonomicName>
genus, perhaps as a fifth group, i.e., &quot;Group E&quot;, of species sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="427 - 508" title="A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera." volume="33" year="1983 b">Cairns (1983b)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="5F089FB36F8FFC668AE719B79D085BFC" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="427 - 508" title="A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera." volume="33" year="1983 b">Cairns (1983b)</bibRefCitation>
that would include encrusting species with a tendency to have multiple gastrostyles per cyclosystems. But until more specimens have been collected to study morphological variation, we choose to retain the genus
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylantheca</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="67EE4DCD2C9F83ADCF74091108B42F1A" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stylantheca</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca porphyra" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="porphyra">Stylantheca porphyra</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="2A16ED9043D6A4EE3CD4C1EB6F0DE92A" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="type species">
<paragraph id="F07521B536F837FBC81FE692214666CE" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF43E74F2B532264E255576599FC4217" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="F8E726A581E7919383263E116EDA83B2" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylantheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylantheca porphyra" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="porphyra">Stylantheca porphyra</taxonomicName>
Fisher, 1931, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">From the Alaska Peninsula to Lower California, 0-27 m.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="3FD35C0C17CF3A43AB299F633CF82FE4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8A5985EAA3D09A42228640A8A4EA4C59" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD6AC4C1E62979907913EDAAAB853BCB" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">From the Alaska Peninsula to Lower California, 0-27 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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