From f8b711e662f906d767db9c92a09f0c70a3c649db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2024 13:39:27 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-13 13:33:23 --- .../87/981B8798FF0F39DD92DA97C33025D815.xml | 175 ++++++ .../87/981B8798FF1139C392DA96C630ADD81E.xml | 199 ++++++ .../87/981B8798FF2D39FF92DA95A437A8D829.xml | 170 +++++ .../87/981B8798FF3339E192DA91203437DA25.xml | 98 +++ .../87/981B8798FF3739E392DA915930ACDF45.xml | 199 ++++++ .../87/981B8798FF3D39EE92DA97C330ADDE09.xml | 230 +++++++ .../87/981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6.xml | 572 +++++++++++++++++ .../87/981B8798FFF4392492DA901530ADDB9B.xml | 331 ++++++++++ .../87/981B8798FFF8392892DA929430ADDC09.xml | 216 +++++++ .../B4/E118B43D7840FEA4FE54FD5C33C1FCE0.xml | 585 ++++++++++++++++++ 10 files changed, 2775 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0F39DD92DA97C33025D815.xml create mode 100644 data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1139C392DA96C630ADD81E.xml create mode 100644 data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF2D39FF92DA95A437A8D829.xml create mode 100644 data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3339E192DA91203437DA25.xml create mode 100644 data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3739E392DA915930ACDF45.xml create mode 100644 data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3D39EE92DA97C330ADDE09.xml create mode 100644 data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6.xml create mode 100644 data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF4392492DA901530ADDB9B.xml create mode 100644 data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF8392892DA929430ADDC09.xml create mode 100644 data/E1/18/B4/E118B43D7840FEA4FE54FD5C33C1FCE0.xml diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0F39DD92DA97C33025D815.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0F39DD92DA97C33025D815.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1c4f4dfaacb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0F39DD92DA97C33025D815.xml @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ + + + +The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families + + + +Author + +Moghaddam, Masumeh +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. + + + +Author + +Watson, Gillian W. +0000-0001-9914-0094 +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. +gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-29 + + +5542 + + +1 + + +1 +202 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 +1175-5334 +14385386 +2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16 + + + + + + +Family +MARGARODIDAE Cockerell + + + + + + +Today, the family name +Margarodidae +sensu stricto +is applied to a group of ten genera containing 110 described species ( + +García Morales +et al +. 2016 + +). All are highly adapted for life underground, spending part of the life cycle as a dormant cyst in the soil ( +Gavrilov-Zimin 2018 +). The cyst stage, sometimes called a “ground pearl”, can survive for multiple years and is an adaptation to survive long periods of drought when the host-plant cannot grow ( + +Miller +et al +. 2014 + +). Adult females have relatively uniform morphology, with the forelegs enlarged and adapted for digging; but the immature stages show a dramatic diversity of structural details. Neither the adult female nor the male feed; their sole function is reproduction. Unless the species is parthenogenetic, the adult female migrates up to the soil surface to mate, and then returns underground to the host’s roots to lay eggs in the soil. Historically, some species of + +Porphyrophora + +were used as sources of valuable red dyes for textiles ( +Vahedi & Hodgson 2007 +). The present work covers the margarodid species known from +Iran +, comprising one genus and seven species that have not been well studied; there may well be more, possibly undescribed species still to be found. + + + + +Appearance in life: +Members of this family are normally found in soil or sand, usually associated with the roots of annual grasses or perennial shrubs or trees. Body of adult female large, length up to 5.0 mm or more, generally rotund but some species elongate oval. Mouthparts normally absent; anterior legs enlarged for digging (fossorial); usually without wax secretions apart from production of a filamentous wax ovisac in some species. Cyst of immature female ovoid, with hard outer test amber yellow to dark brown, sometimes appearing iridescent or metallic, surface often textured. + + + + +Diagnostic characters: +The most diagnostic characters of adult female +Margarodidae +are: derm of adult female covered with long +hair-like setae +( +Fig. 69A +), small setae and multilocular disc-pores ( +Fig. 69I +). +Antennae +( +Fig. 69B +) each with 7–16 segments, each segment ring-shaped and somewhat sclerotized. +Mouthparts +always absent. +Thoracic spiracles +( +Fig. 69C +) well developed, each with a large +peritreme +; each peritreme with a group of +spiracular disc-pores +( +Fig. 69D +), usually numbering 4–18. +Abdominal spiracles +( +Fig. 69J +) apparently absent or, when present, only on anteriormost segments; each with atrium containing disc-pores but otherwise structure quite simple. +Anal opening +( +Fig. 69E +) probably representing abdominal segment X, situated medially on segment IX, close to posterior end of abdomen. +Genital opening +(= +vulva +) ( +Fig. 69F +) situated ventrally in intersegmental membrane between abdominal segments VIII and IX, anterior to level of anal opening. +Prothoracic legs +( +Fig. 69G +) modified for digging, each much larger than meso- and metathoracic legs, comprised of four segments, with enlarged claw fused to tarsus. +Meso +- and +metathoracic +( +Fig. 69H +) +legs +each considerably narrower and generally longer than prothoracic legs, each also comprised of five segments and a claw. +Multilocular disc-pores +( +Fig. 69I +) present throughout body, more numerous on venter than on dorsum; extremely abundant on some species, fewer in others, sometimes even reduced to a single row. + + + + +Comments: + +Porphyrophora +Brandt + +is the only known genus of +Margarodidae +recorded from +Iran +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1139C392DA96C630ADD81E.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1139C392DA96C630ADD81E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..63c0b5bd2f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1139C392DA96C630ADD81E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ + + + +The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families + + + +Author + +Moghaddam, Masumeh +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. + + + +Author + +Watson, Gillian W. +0000-0001-9914-0094 +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. +gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-29 + + +5542 + + +1 + + +1 +202 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 +1175-5334 +14385386 +2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16 + + + + + + +Family +KERMESIDAE Signoret + + + + + + +Species of the scale insect family +Kermesidae +( +Hemiptera +: +Coccomorpha +) are distributed in the Nearctic, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. The family contains 91 species in ten genera worldwide ( + +García Morales +et al +. 2016 + +), and all the species develop exclusively on + +Fagaceae ( +Miller & Miller 1993b +) + +. Three kermesid species, belonging to the genera + +Kermes +Boitard + +and + +Nidularia +Targioni Tozzetti + +, have been recorded from +Iran +on + +Quercus + +spp. ( +Moghaddam 2013 +). + + + + +Appearance in life: +The +Kermesidae +are host specific on +Fagaceae +(mainly + +Quercus + +spp.) and are distinctive in appearance, the globular mature adult females being very similar to galls caused by cynipid wasps ( +Hymenoptera +: +Cynipidae +) or to overwintering buds. Post-reproductive adult female are sclerotized, leathery, and usually globular to nearly spherical, normally found on twigs and branches or in bark crevices. Mostly, kermesids do not cause visible damage to their hosts although there are a few reports of branch dieback, flagging, reduced tree growth rates and occasionally tree death, mainly in urban areas ( +Kozár 1974 +). Some species of + +Kermes + +are known for their historic importance as natural sources of crimson dyes used in the textile industry ( +Cardon 2007 +). + + +Diagnostic characters: +Slide-mounted adult female with: body usually circular; +antennae +( +Fig. 66A +) each with 1–6 segments; +legs +( +Fig. 66B +) variously reduced, with indistinct segmentation; +spiracles +( +Fig. 66C +) normal, each usually with quinquelocular pores outside opening; +anal ring +( +Fig. 66E +) with or without pores or setae; +anal lobes +poorly developed; +disc-pores +( +Fig. 66D +) of +two types +, those with 5 loculi and those with 8‒10 loculi; +simple pores +(probably modified microducts) present; +tubular ducts +( +Fig. 66F +), each with cup-shaped inner end, arranged in a dense submarginal band on venter; microtubular ducts absent. + + + + + +KEY TO GENERA OF +KERMESIDAE IN +IRAN +, + +based on slide-mounted adult females. + + + + + +1(0) Legs present. Venter with a broad submarginal band of tubular ducts, 10–30 ducts wide. Anal ring with setae but no pores. Anterior spiracles usually obviously smaller than posterior spiracles. In life, no ovisac produced............ + +Kermes +Boitard + + + + + +- Legs absent. Venter with a narrow submarginal band of tubular ducts, 1–4 ducts wide. Anal ring with both setae and pores. Anterior spiracles about same size as posterior spiracles. In life, produces an ovisac............. + +Nidularia +Targioni Tozzetti + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF2D39FF92DA95A437A8D829.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF2D39FF92DA95A437A8D829.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f7aa70412f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF2D39FF92DA95A437A8D829.xml @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ + + + +The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families + + + +Author + +Moghaddam, Masumeh +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. + + + +Author + +Watson, Gillian W. +0000-0001-9914-0094 +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. +gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-29 + + +5542 + + +1 + + +1 +202 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 +1175-5334 +14385386 +2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16 + + + + + + + +Phoenicococcus marlatti +Cockerell + + + + + + + +( +Fig. 87 +, +Plate 5C +, distribution map +Fig. 91L +) + + + + + + + +Phoenicococcus marlatti +Cockerell, 1899b: 262 + + +. + + + +Field characteristics: +Usually found in crevices on palms, particularly in folds of unopened leaves or under fibres on the stems. Adult female subspherical, pinkish or reddish brown to red, partly enclosed by an amorphous mass of white, flocculent wax. Immature males produce a loose, elongate white cocoon ( +Gill 1993 +); adult male wingless ( +Watson 2022a +). + + + + +Microscopic diagnosis: +see generic diagnosis above. + + + + +Distribution: + +Phoenicococcus marlatti + +originated in the Middle East but is now known from 18 countries in the Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic regions ( + +García Morales +et al +. 2016 + +); in +Iran +, it is found in +Hormozgan +, +Kermanshah +, Sistan & Balouchestan and +Yazd +provinces ( +Moghaddam 2013 +). + + +Host-plants: +The scale is mainly found on palms (family +Arecaceae +) but there are some records on host-plants in +Myrtaceae +and + +Pandanaceae ( + +García Morales +et al +. 2016 + +) + +. In +Iran +, it has been found on + +Phoenix dactylifera + +( +Arecaceae +) ( +Moghaddam 2013 +). + + +Economic importance: +Not known as a pest in +Iran +. + + +Natural enemies: +None recorded in +Iran +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3339E192DA91203437DA25.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3339E192DA91203437DA25.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..78dbce66104 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3339E192DA91203437DA25.xml @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ + + + +The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families + + + +Author + +Moghaddam, Masumeh +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. + + + +Author + +Watson, Gillian W. +0000-0001-9914-0094 +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. +gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-29 + + +5542 + + +1 + + +1 +202 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 +1175-5334 +14385386 +2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16 + + + + + + +Family +PHOENICOCOCCIDAE Stickney + + + + + + +The family +Phoenicococcidae +contains only one species, + +Phoenicococcus marlatti +Cockerell. + +The species was originally included in the +Diaspididae +, as subfamily +Phoenicococcinae +, by +Stickney (1934) +but more recently, various authorities have felt that + +P. marlatti + +should be elevated to family rank. It was listed as family +Phoenicococcidae +by +Brown & McKenzie (1962) +. + +Phoenicococcus marlatti +Cockerell + +has been recorded from +Iran +, and is briefly reviewed. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3739E392DA915930ACDF45.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3739E392DA915930ACDF45.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..31cb6d33574 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3739E392DA915930ACDF45.xml @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ + + + +The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families + + + +Author + +Moghaddam, Masumeh +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. + + + +Author + +Watson, Gillian W. +0000-0001-9914-0094 +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. +gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-29 + + +5542 + + +1 + + +1 +202 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 +1175-5334 +14385386 +2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16 + + + + + + +Family +ORTHEZIIDAE Amyot & Serville + + + + + + +The family +Ortheziidae +is considered to be one of the most ancient families of +Coccomorpha +( +Koteja 1996 +; +Vea & Grimaldi 2012 +, +2016 +), being either ancestral to all other scale insects or a ‘primitive’, isolated branch of the archaeococcoids ( +Vea & Grimaldi 2012 +, +2016 +). It currently contains 24 genera and 214 species ( + +García Morales +et al +. 2016 + +). The two ortheziid species currently known from +Iran +belong to the genera + +Orthezia +Bosc d’Antic + +and + +Ortheziola +Šulc. + + + + + +Appearance in life: +In life, some ortheziid species occur on leaf veins and twigs in association with sooty mould growths, where they are often quite conspicuous; others live in leaf litter or moss, or underground. The adult females secrete symmetrical white wax plates on the dorsum and margins. A long, often fluted ovisac present attached to the posterior end of the body (not the host); this is carried about by the mobile female like a white flag (hence the common name, ‘ensign scales’). The legs and antennae are quite long and usually dark brown ( +Watson 2022b +). + + + + +FIGURE 84. +Adult female of + +Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus +(Hall) + +, developed from +Morrison (1928) +, page 139, fig. 66, and published in +Watson (2022b) +, page 330, fig. 19. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the author and the copyright holder. + + + + +Diagnostic characters: +The most diagnostic characters of the family +Ortheziidae +are ( +Fig. 85 +): adult female circular or oval; +antennae +( +Fig. 85A +) each with 3‒8 segments, apex with a thick terminal seta; +eyes +( +Fig. 85B +) each situated on a short stalk; +legs +( +Fig. 85C +) usually as long as body, leg setae robust, spine-like or hair-like, each leg with fused trochanter and femur; atrium of +thoracic spiracles +( +Fig. 85D +) often with multilocular pores just outside each opening; +abdominal spiracles +( +Fig. 85E +) numbering 4‒8 pairs; +pores +in derm ( +Fig. 85F +) mostly quadrilocular, rarely multilocular disc pore or clustered pores present; +anal ring +( +Fig. 85G +) located on surface at apex of abdomen, containing pores and bearing setae; ventral +ovisac band +( +Fig. 85H +) usually present, composed of spines and pores; body with a few slender setae and numerous rather stout spines, latter grouped in definite bands and clusters. + + + + + +KEY TO GENERA OF +ORTHEZIIDAE IN +IRAN +, + +based on slide-mounted adult females. + + + + + +1(0) Tibia and tarsus not fused; antenna usually with 8 segments; abdominal spiracles small but distinct, numbering 7 or 8 pairs.................................................................................... + +Orthezia +Bosc d’Antic + + + + + +- Tibia and tarsus fused; antenna usually with 3 segments; abdominal spiracles not clearly defined.......... + +Ortheziola +Šulc + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3D39EE92DA97C330ADDE09.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3D39EE92DA97C330ADDE09.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..df96f85e4fc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3D39EE92DA97C330ADDE09.xml @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ + + + +The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families + + + +Author + +Moghaddam, Masumeh +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. + + + +Author + +Watson, Gillian W. +0000-0001-9914-0094 +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. +gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-29 + + +5542 + + +1 + + +1 +202 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 +1175-5334 +14385386 +2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16 + + + + + + +Family +MONOPHLEBIDAE Signoret + + + + + + +Morrison (1928) +studied the highly diverse +Margarodidae +sensu lato +, in which he recognized several subfamilies including +Monophlebinae +. Subsequently, based on the morphology of the adult female mouthparts of +Margarodidae +sensu lato +, +Koteja (1974) +proposed six families including elevation of the +Monophlebinae +to family level. +Tang & Hao (1995) +also recognized the +Monophlebidae +as a distinct family. More recently, based on features of male morphology, +Hodgson & Foldi (2006) +recognised 11 families within the +Margarodidae +sensu lato +(including the +Monophlebidae +). Today the +Monophlebidae +comprises about 268 described species in 49 genera worldwide ( + +García Morales +et al +. 2016 + +). The monophlebids known from +Iran +include four genera and six species. + + + + +Appearance in life: +Members of the +Monophlebidae +are found on plant stems, branches and leaves, and often prefer woody hosts. Body of adult female relatively large and ovoid, up to +10 mm +long or more. In life, usually covered with white / yellow / brown wax secretions, these often flocculent, but occasionally without visible wax covering, sometimes with waxy projections from the body margins. To protect the eggs, adult females of some species form a large, sculptured white ovisac beneath and behind the abdomen, or develop a hollow marsupium by indentation of the venter of the abdomen. Antennae and legs well developed and heavily sclerotized, dark brown; antennae each with 7‒11 segments; legs all similar in size ( + +Miller +et al +. 2014 + +). + + + + +FIGURE 78. +Monophlebidae +: +Iceryini +, adult female morphology, from Unruh & Gullan (2008), page 14, Fig. 1. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the authors and the copyright holder. + + + + +Diagnostic characters of the adult female +( +Fig. 78 +): body up to +10 mm +long or more, usually broadly oval: derm membranous or more-or-less sclerotized; +antennae +well developed, each with 7‒11 segments; +legs +large, all similar in size; +claw digitules +not reaching to tip of claw and usually not enlarged apically; +thoracic spiracles +large, each with a bar and with or without a cluster of pores on derm just outside opening, but always without pores within atrium; dorsal +abdominal spiracles +numbering 2‒8 pairs, usually visible; +multilocular disc-pores +present, with variety in their internal structure (of taxonomic significance); hair-like +setae +usually densely distributed, rarely sparse, over entire body; +anal tube +present, always definitely developed and dorsal in position, although sometimes situated fairly near posterior apex of abdomen, the inner end with a simple sclerotized ring with or without pores; ventral +cicatrices +always present; ventral +marsupium +present or absent. + + + + + +KEY TO GENERA OF +MONOPHLEBIDAE IN +IRAN +, + +based on slide-mounted adult females. + + + + +1(0) Abdominal spiracles numbering 4‒7 pairs................................................................. 2 + + + +- Abdominal spiracles numbering 2 or 3 pairs (Tribe +Iceryini +)....................................... + +Icerya +Signoret + + + + + + + +2(1) Body covered with hairs and/or spines, often of more than +1 type +, not densely crowded. Antenna with 8‒11 segments (Tribe +Monophlebini +)....................................................................................... 3 + + + + +- Body covered with short setae, finely pointed and densely crowded. Antenna usually with 8 or 9 segments (Tribe +Drosichini +)........................................................................................ + +Drosicha +Walker + + + + + + + +3(2) Abdominal spiracles numbering 7 pairs............................................ + +Pseudaspidoproctus +Morrison + + + + + +- Abdominal spiracles numbering 4 pairs.................................................... + +Gueriniella +Fernald + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8d9bce13e7d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFBC396C92DA97C330ADDAF6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,572 @@ + + + +The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families + + + +Author + +Moghaddam, Masumeh +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. + + + +Author + +Watson, Gillian W. +0000-0001-9914-0094 +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. +gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-29 + + +5542 + + +1 + + +1 +202 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 +1175-5334 +14385386 +2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16 + + + + + + +Family +COCCIDAE Fallèn + + + + + + +The family +Coccidae +( +Hemiptera +: +Coccomorpha +, known as the soft scale insects) contains about 1233 species in 178 genera worldwide ( + +García Morales +et al +. 2016 + +). The soft scale insects recorded in +Iran +comprise 35 species in 20 genera. + + + + +Appearance in life: +Adult female highly variable in appearance, depending on genus, age and host-plant. The +body +can be almost flat to highly convex; frequently circular or broadly oval in outline, but sometimes elongate oval, especially species found on grasses. One of the most important characters is an +anal cleft +, which may be very deep but is sometimes quite short to almost absent. On the dorsum at the inner end of the anal cleft are a pair of approximately triangular +anal plates +, covering the anal opening and +anal ring +; the plates are usually contiguous, and are hinged along the anterior margin so that they can be raised to allow the elimination of honeydew. +Stigmatic clefts +are situated where spiracular disc-pore bands meet margins; these are often quite distinct, or narrow and very deep, but in some genera they may be only shallow indentations or absent. +Wax covering the dorsum +may be so thin and transparent as to be invisible; or glassy / filamentous / powdery; or thick, moist and opaque. In mature adult females of the tribe +Pulvinariini +, a separate +ovisac +formed of wax filaments may be secreted from the abdomen to protect the eggs; these filaments are produced by +ventral tubular ducts +. + + +Microscopic characters: +The morphology of slide-mounted adult female +Coccidae +is discussed in detail by +Hodgson (1994) +. + + +Dorsum +. The +dorsal derm +of young (teneral) adult females is usually thin and unsclerotized. In the subfamilies Eriopeltinae and Fillippiinae, each female has dorsal tubular ducts, which secrete an enveloping woolly wax test; the derm may remain quite membranous at maturity. In other subfamilies, such as Ceroplastinae and many Eulecaniinae, the dorsal derm becomes heavily sclerotized soon after the final moult. The +anal plates +( +Fig. 9M +) consist of two approximately triangular plates, usually contiguous, situated on the dorsal midline at the anterior end of the anal cleft. The hinged plates together cover the anal apparatus, and are a major character of the +Coccidae +. Loose groups of dorsal pores known as +preopercular pores +( +Fig. 9L +) typically occur just anterior to the anal plates, although in some genera and species they may be much more widespread. Sometimes +dorsal setae +are present only in adult females; they are often flagellate but are sometimes capitate / clavate / lanceolate / conical. Dorsal +duct tubercles +( +Fig. 9I +), each containing a duct, may be present, usually on the submargins. +Tubular ducts +( +Fig. 9D +) may be present or absent. + + +Margin +. +Marginal setae +( +Fig. 9J +) form a single row, or occasionally a band several setae deep, around the dorsal margin; they are usually differentiated from other setae and may be simple, flagellate with variously divided and / or flattened tips, or conical, or even fan-shaped. On the thorax, where each of the four bands of spiracular disc-pores reaches the margin, a +stigmatic area +is present, usually consisting of an indented stigmatic cleft containing a few +stigmatic / spiracular setae +( +Fig. 9K +) that differ in length and / or thickness from the marginal setae. Normally there are three stigmatic setae in each cleft and the median seta is usually longer than the lateral setae; or there may be large groups of stigmatic setae in each stigmatic area, such as in the Ceroplastinae; but occasionally stigmatic setae are not differentiated from the marginal setae, and may be displaced onto the dorsal submargin. +Stigmatic clefts +may be either shallow or deep, or absent. Occasionally the inner margin of each cleft may be sclerotized. + + +Venter +. The +ventral derm +is usually thin and membranous. The +stigmatic grooves +or +furrows +( +Fig. 9B +) run from each spiracular peritreme to the margin. There are two kinds of +ventral disc-pores +: (i) +stigmatic +or +spiracular disc-pores +( +Fig. 9C +), each usually with 5 loculi, forming a band of disc-pores in each stigmatic furrow (these pores secrete short, curved wax filaments); and (ii) +pregenital disc-pores +( +Fig. 9H +), each usually with 6−10 or more outer loculi, present anterior and lateral to anogenital fold, often also present across some abdominal segments and sometimes on thoracic segments adjacent to each coxa; also occasionally on the head. Genital opening usually not visible, but +anogenital fold +(which lies between the genital opening and opening of the +eversible anal tube +) often detectable. The structure and distribution of ventral +tubular ducts +( +Fig. 9D +) are important taxonomic characters; these ducts are sometimes similar to those on the dorsum (if present) but there may be several different +types +, sometimes forming a submarginal band. Most +ventral setae +( +Fig. 9E +) are short and flagellate, but a few are longer (e.g. those between the antennal bases and medially on pregenital segments) and sometimes these can be of taxonomic significance. +Legs +( +Fig. 9F +) are usually well developed, each consisting of five segments: (i) the +coxa +, which attaches to the venter, may be taxonomically important; (ii) each +trochanter +has a pair of large campaniform sensilla on each surface and a single long seta on the ventral side; (iii) the +femur +; (iv) the +tibia +is always longer than the single tarsal segment. There is usually an +articulatory sclerosis +( +Fig. 9G +) between the tibia and tarsus; the presence or absence of this sclerosis is of taxonomic importance. In a few genera, the +tarsus +can appear to be 2-segmented, particularly in the front leg, as in + +Exaeretopus + +and + +Hadzibejliaspis + +. At the distal end of the tarsus is a pair of thin modified setae, the +tarsal digitules +. The structure of the +claw +and +claw digitules +show several features of taxonomic importance; the claw may have a +denticle +on the plantar surface, present or absent. In the +antennae +( +Fig. 9A +), the number of segments (up to 9) is also of taxonomic significance. + + + + +FIGURE 9. +Coccidae +, general morphology of the adult female. +A, +antenna; +B, +stigmatic furrow; +C, +quinquelocular spiracular or stigmatic disc-pore; +D, +tubular ducts; +E, +ventral seta; +F, +hind tibia and trochanter; +G, +tibio-tarsal sclerosis; +H, +multilocular pregenital disc-pore; +I, +duct tubercle; +J, +marginal setae; +K, +stigmatic setae in shallow spiracular cleft; +L, +preopercular pore; +M, +dorsal view of anal plate. + + + + + +KEY TO GENERA OF +COCCIDAE IN +IRAN +, + +based on slide-mounted adult females. + + + + + +1(0) Dorsal setae thick, more-or-less conical with truncate tips....................................... + +Eriopeltis +Signoret + + + + +- Dorsal setae conical or flagellate, tips blunt or sharp but never truncate ........................................... 2 + + + + + +2(1) Dorsum with rounded, fleshy lobes projecting beyond margins. Each leg with tibia and tarsus completely fused...................................................................................... + +Acantholecanium +Borchsenius + + + + +- Dorsum without projecting fleshy lobes. Each leg with tibia and tarsus entirely or partially distinct, never fully fused...... 3 + + + + +3(2) Dorsum with at least 1 area formed of a dense concentration of intermingled preopercular pores and flagellate setae....... 4 + + +- Dorsum without such areas............................................................................. 5 + + + + + +4(3) Dorsum with dense concentrations of simple preopercular pores and setae in triangular area on head and in patches immediately anterior to anal plates............................................................ + +Didesmococcus +Borchsenius + + + + + +- Dorsum with a dense concentration of intermingled preopercular pores and flagellate setae in narrow medial elongate area from anterior of anal lobes to prothorax...................................................... + +Sphaerolecanium +Šulc + + + + + + + +5(3) Dorsal and ventral tubular ducts extremely large, each duct with outer ductule with elongate ridges along its inner surface................................................................................. .... + +Hadzibejliaspis +Koteja + + + + +- If both dorsum and venter with large tubular ducts, each outer ductule lacking longitudinal ridges..................... 6 + + + + + +6(5) Dorsum with large bilocular figure-of-eight pores on submargins and medial area............ + +Bodenheimera +Bodenheimer + + + + +- Dorsum without large bilocular figure-of-eight pores......................................................... 7 + + + + + +7(6) Body elongate oval, more than 2x as long as wide. Tarsus on each prothoracic leg with a pseudoarticulation, and often very strongly curved. Stigmatic spines, if differentiated, present singly in anterior stigmatic areas only.... + +Exaeretopus +Newstead + + + + + +- Body not strongly elongated, less than 1.8x as long as wide. Tarsus on each prothoracic leg without a pseudoarticulation, straight or only slightly curved. Stigmatic spines, if differentiated, present in both anterior and posterior stigmatic areas and usually numbering 2 or +3 in +each area..................................................................... 8 + + + + + + +8(7) In life, dorsum completely covered with very thick, moist wax. In a slide mount, dorsum with anal plates situated at centre or apex of heavily sclerotized caudal process. Stigmatic spines distinctly differentiated from marginal setae, present in groups of 15 or more in each spiracular cleft.......................................................... + +Ceroplastes +Gray + + + + + +- In life, dorsal wax cover thin and dry. In a slide mount, anal plates surrounded by membranous or sclerotized cuticle, not situated on a prominent process. Stigmatic spines, if distinctly differentiated from marginal setae, numbering +1‒7 in +each cleft or in an approximate row on margin...................................................................... 9 + + + + + + +9(8) Dorsum with more-or-less single line of abundant preopercular pores along midline from just anterior to anal plates to mesothorax........................................................................ + +Palaeolecanium +Šulc + + + + +- Dorsal preopercular pores, if present, forming a group, not arranged in a long single line............................ 10 + + + + + +10(9) Ventral tubular ducts very few or absent, not forming a dense submarginal band...................... + +Coccus +Linnaeus + + + + +- Ventral tubular ducts forming a concentrated submarginal band at least on abdomen and often on thorax and head also... 11 + + + + + +11(10) Each stigmatic cleft containing 4‒6 stigmatic setae arranged in 2 or 3 rows; stigmatic setae usually slightly longer than marginal setae.......................................................................... + +Ericerus +Guérin-Méneville + + + + +- Each stigmatic cleft containing 0‒3 stigmatic setae in a single row; stigmatic setae longer than / subequal in length to / shorter than marginal setae.................................................................................. 12 + + + + + +12(11) Anal plates each with 1 discal seta........................................................ + +Saissetia +Déplanche + + + + +- Anal plates without discal setae........................................................................ 13 + + + + +13(12) Stigmatic setae well developed, numbering 3 of unequal lengths with median seta by far the longest ................... 14 + + +- Stigmatic setae poorly differentiated or not differentiated from marginal setae, numbering 0‒3 of subequal lengths....... 15 + + + + + +14(13) Tibia freely articulating with tarsus, tibio-tarsal sclerosis present......................... + +Pulvinaria +Targioni Tozzetti + + + + + +- Tibia not freely articulating with tarsus, tibio-tarsal sclerosis absent.......................... + +Parthenolecanium +Šulc + + + + + + + +15(13) Stigmatic setae not differentiated from marginal setae. Ventral tubular ducts absent from front of head; dorsal tubular ducts absent..................................................................... + +Acanthopulvinaria +Borchsenius + + + + +- Stigmatic setae usually somewhat differentiated from marginal setae. Ventral tubular ducts present on front of head; dorsal tubular ducts present................................................................................. 16 + + + + + +16(15) Ventral tubular ducts in submarginal band of +3 types +........................................................ 17 + + + + +- Ventral tubular ducts in submarginal band of 1 or +2 types +..................................................... 18 + + + + + + +17(16) Anal plates with outer corners angular. Stigmatic setae clearly differentiated from marginal setae, numbering 2 or 3 per stigmatic cleft. Dorsal tubular ducts with large terminal glands.................................. + +Rhizopulvinaria +Borchsenius + + + + + +- Anal plates with outer corners rounded. Stigmatic setae poorly or not differentiated from marginal setae, numbering 0‒2 per stigmatic cleft. Dorsal tubular ducts without large terminal glands........................ + +Anapulvinaria +Borchsenius + + + + + + +18(16) Each leg freely articulated between tibia and tarsus, with a small tibio-tarsal sclerosis. At maturity, cuticle around anal plates does not becomes more sclerotized than rest of dorsum. Dorsal tubular ducts present.............................. 19 + + + +- Each leg not freely articulated between tibia and tarsus, without a tibio-tarsal sclerosis. At maturity, cuticle around anal plates becomes more sclerotized than rest of dorsum. Dorsal tubular ducts absent...................... + +Eulecanium +Cockerell + + + + + + + +19(18) Antenna with 6 segments. Marginal setae of +2 types +, flagellate and spine-like. Dorsal setae flagellate. Dorsal tubular ducts without large terminal glands...................................................... + +Rhodococcus +Borchsenius + + + + + +- Antenna with 8 segments. Marginal setae all of +1 type +. Dorsal setae conical. Dorsal tubular ducts with large terminal glands........................................................................................ + +Stotzia +Marchal + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF4392492DA901530ADDB9B.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF4392492DA901530ADDB9B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b0ab771c299 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF4392492DA901530ADDB9B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,331 @@ + + + +The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families + + + +Author + +Moghaddam, Masumeh +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. + + + +Author + +Watson, Gillian W. +0000-0001-9914-0094 +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. +gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-29 + + +5542 + + +1 + + +1 +202 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 +1175-5334 +14385386 +2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16 + + + + + + +Family +ERIOCOCCIDAE Cockerell + + + + + + +The higher classification of the +Eriococcidae +(felt scales) and related family-groups is far from being settled. There are no morphological characters that are found exclusively in all the taxa within the +Eriococcidae +; +Ferris (1957) +grouped them because they lack any of the morphological features that distinguish other scale insect families. Miller & Gimpel (2000) provide a useful summary of the fluctuating opinions on the higher classification of the +Eriococcidae +and closely related family-groups like +Beesoniidae +, +Cerococcidae +, +Cryptococcidae +, +Dactylopiidae +, +Kermesidae +and +Micrococcidae +over time. The +Eriococcidae +as present understood is thought to be paraphyletic ( +Cox & Williams 1987 +); molecular analyses using 18S support this hypothesis, indicating that it is comprised of several distinct evolutionary clades ( + +Cook +et al +. 2002 + +; +Cook & Gullan 2004 +; +Gullan & Cook 2007 +; + +Gwiazdowski +et al +. 2006 + +; +Hodgson 2002 +, +2020 +; +Hodgson & Hardy 2013 +; + +Nan +et al +. 2013 + +; +Vea & Grimaldi 2016 +). + + + +FIGURE 46. +Adult female of + +Pseudochermes fraxini +(Kaltenbach) + +, reproduced from +Williams (1985) +, page 387, fig. 17, with permission from the author and © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. +F, +Small frontal tubercle. + + + +The +Eriococcidae +currently contains about 681 species in 109 genera worldwide ( + +García Morales +et al +. 2016 + +). It is the fourth largest family-group of scale insects after the +Diaspididae +(2,711 species), +Pseudococcidae +(2,047 species) and +Coccidae +(1,239 species). The felt scales recorded in +Iran +number 17 species, belonging to six genera. + + +Appearance in life: +The felt scales are very diverse. The adult females secrete a felted white, grey, or yellowish wax ovisac that encloses the body. The posterior end of the ovisac has a small opening that allows the first-instar nymphs to escape. Body colour varies from pink or red to purple, green or brown. The posterior end of the ovisac has a small opening that allows the first-instar nymphs to escape. However, some eriococcids living under the bark produce little or no ovisac secretion and are often pink or red ( + +Miller +et al +. 2014 + +). + + + + +Diagnostic characters +(using terminology from + +Kozár +et al. +(2013)) + +: Slide-mounted adult female mostly elongate oval, often with well-developed, long, and sometimes sclerotized +anal lobes +( +Fig. 47A +), which bear strong dorsal spines or setae (normally three), similar in shape to enlarged marginal setae; each anal lobe often with a long apical anal lobe seta; the shapes and sizes of spines and setae are highly variable between species and genera. +Antennae +( +Fig. 47B +) each with 3–7 segments; setae on antennae mainly hair-like but apical and subapical segments also with strong, blunt, falcate sensory setae. Each +frontal lobe +( +Fig. 47C +) situated near antennal base, developed but smaller than basal antennal segment, present or absent; sometimes a sensory +frontal tubercle +present in similar position; sometimes both present. +Labium +( +Fig. 47D +) usually with 3 segments, but sometimes reduced to 2; basal segment (when present) bearing 2 setae. +Eyes +situated on venter, usually near margin. +Legs +usually well developed; hind leg coxa ( +Fig. 47E +) often with translucent pores; tibia sometimes shorter than tarsus, always with 4 distal setae and sometimes with 1 median seta also; +claw +( +Fig. 47F +) normally with a denticle and always with two digitules, these usually longer than claw and knobbed. Derm seldom with bilocular, trilocular or simple pores but often with oval disc (cruciform) pores ( +Fig. 47G +). Derm normally with distinctive +microtubular ducts +( +Fig. 47H +); +macrotubular ducts +( +Fig. 47I +) often of 2 sizes. Dorsum and margins usually with conspicuous +enlarged conical setae +( +Fig. 47J +). +Anal ring +( +Fig. 47K +) normally sclerotized, with pores and 6 or 8 setae. Sclerotised triangular +cauda +on dorsum anterior to anal ring, present or absent. +Vulva +ventral ( +Fig. 47L +) situated between abdominal segments VII–VIII or VI–VII. + + + + + +KEY TO GENERA OF +ERIOCOCCIDAE IN +IRAN +, + +based on slide-mounted adult females. + + + + + +1(0) Tarsal and claw digitules all with acute tips....................................... + +Neoacanthococcus +Borchsenius + + + + +- Tarsal digitules with capitate (knobbed) tips; claw digitules usually capitate, rarely spine-like........................ 2 + + + + + +2(1) Enlarged spinose setae restricted to margin or anal lobes only. Mostly on grasses............ + +Anophococcus +Balachowsky + + + + +- Enlarged spinose setae present over entire dorsum. Hosts various............................................... 3 + + + + + +3(2) Hind tibia with 5 setae (median seta present). Microtubular ducts short. Mostly on herbaceous plants. + +Rhizococcus +Signoret + + + + +- Hind tibia with 4 setae (median seta absent). Microtubular ducts long. Mostly on woody plants....................... 4 + + + + + +4(3) Dorsal spinose setae much shorter than a marginal seta. Dorsum of anal lobes with robust setae............ + +Uhleria +Cooke + + + + +- At least some dorsal spinose setae about same length as a marginal seta. Dorsum of anal lobes with hair-like setae........ 5 + + + + + +5(4) Dorsum with macrotubular ducts only near margins. In life, ovisac not covering dorsum completely. Mostly found in bark crevices of elm ( + +Ulmus +spp. + +) but sometimes on other hosts.................................... + +Gossyparia +Signoret + + + + + +- Dorsum with macrotubular ducts throughout. In life, ovisac covering entire body. Feeding locations various, hosts various (sometimes including + +Ulmus +spp. + +).................................................... + +Acanthococcus +Signoret + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF8392892DA929430ADDC09.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF8392892DA929430ADDC09.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..971e497a56c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF8392892DA929430ADDC09.xml @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ + + + +The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families + + + +Author + +Moghaddam, Masumeh +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. + + + +Author + +Watson, Gillian W. +0000-0001-9914-0094 +Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. +gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-11-29 + + +5542 + + +1 + + +1 +202 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1 +1175-5334 +14385386 +2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16 + + + + + + +Family +CRYPTOCOCCIDAE Kosztarab + + + + + + +Historically, the two genera discussed here under the family +Cryptococcidae +have sometimes been placed within the +Eriococcidae +sensu lato +(e.g. +Tang & Hao 1995 +; Miller & Stocks 2022). The uncertain higher classification around the +Eriococcidae +is discussed further under that family below. Molecular evidence using 18S places the +Cryptococcidae in +the Gondwanan clade of +Eriococcidae +( +Cook & Gullan 2004 +; + +Gwiazdowski +et al +. 2006 + +; + +Nan +et al +. 2013 + +). However, the higher classification of the family-groups related to +Eriococcidae +is still uncertain, so the +Cryptococcidae +is treated separately here for convenience. + + +The +Cryptococcidae +contains two genera and eight described species worldwide ( + +García Morales +et al +. 2016 + +); in +Iran +, two species in separate genera are known. + + +Appearance in life: +Adult female living in bark crevices on trees; each insect is covered with a feltlike ovisac formed of fine, white, waxy secretions. + + + + +Diagnostic characters: +Body of adult female oval ( +Fig. 45 +), derm becoming sclerotized at full maturity in most species (but not in + +Cryptococcus fagisuga + +); +antennae +( +Fig. 45A +) each with 1–6 segments; +legs +( +Fig. 45B +) present / reduced to unsegmented stubs / entirely absent; +spiracles +( +Fig. 45C +) each surrounded by a sclerotized frame containing a group of associated quinquelocular disc-pores; a +cluster pore plate +present or absent from just below each posterior spiracle ( +Fig. 45B +); +simple disc-pores +usually present on dorsal submargin; +trilocular pores +( +Fig. 45D +) normally present on dorsum; +quinquelocular disc-pores +( +Fig. 45E +) often present on both surfaces, occasionally scattered near spiracles; +tubular ducts +( +Fig. 45F +) present on both surfaces, often of +two types +; +anal ring +( +Fig. 45G +) surrounded by large setae, the ring heavily sclerotized, bearing 4–6 short setae and with or without pores. + + + + +FIGURE 44. +Adult female of + +Stotzia ephedrae +(Newstead) + +, reproduced from +Ezzat & Hussein (1969) +page 400, fig. 14, with permission from the Editor of +Bulletin de la Société entomologique d’Egypte +. + + + + + +KEY TO GENERA OF +CRYPTOCOCCIDAE IN +IRAN +, + +based on slide-mounted adult females. + + + + + +1(0) Legs developed, hind coxae with translucent pores. Without a cluster pore plate posterior to each hind spiracle. Antennae 6 segmented........................................................................ + +Pseudochermes +Nitsche + + + + + +- Legs absent or reduced to unsegmented stubs. A cluster pore plate present posterior to each hind spiracle ( +Fig. 45B +). Antennae 1–5 segmented..................................................................... + +Cryptococcus +Douglas + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/E1/18/B4/E118B43D7840FEA4FE54FD5C33C1FCE0.xml b/data/E1/18/B4/E118B43D7840FEA4FE54FD5C33C1FCE0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ec0697733b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/E1/18/B4/E118B43D7840FEA4FE54FD5C33C1FCE0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ + + + +Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi) + + + +Author + +Toledo-Piza, Mônica +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, no. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil. +mtpiza@usp.br + + + +Author + +Baena, Eduardo G. +Seção de Peixes, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, 04263 - 000, SP, Brazil. +eduardo.baena@protonmail.com + + + +Author + +Dagosta, Fernando C. P. +Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais., Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados / Itahum, km 12, 79804 – 970 Dourados, MS, Brazil. +ferdagosta@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Menezes, Naércio A. +Seção de Peixes, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, 04263 - 000, SP, Brazil. +naercio@usp.br + + + +Author + +Ândrade, Marcelo +Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências de Pinheiro, Estrada Pinheiro - Pacas, KM 10, SN, Enseada, 65200 - 000, Pinheiro, MA, Brazil. +andrademarcosta@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Benini, Ricardo C. +Departamento de Biodiversidade e BioestatÍstica, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, R. Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, s / n, Rubião Jr., 18618 - 689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. +ricardo.benine@unesp.br + + + +Author + +Bertaco, Vinicius A. +B- 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium. (ED) eddy. derijst @ skynet. be. +vbertaco@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Birindelli, José Luís O. +Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Caixa Postal 10011, 86057 - 970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. +josebirindelli@uel.br + + + +Author + +Boden, Gert +Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13 B- 3080, Tervuren, Belgium. +gert.boden@africamuseum.be + + + +Author + +Buckup, Paulo A. +Setor de Ictiologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20490 - 040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. +buckup@acd.ufrj.br + + + +Author + +Camelier, Priscila +PPG Biodiversidade e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668, Ondina, 40170 - 115 Salvador, BA, Brazil. +pricamelier@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Carvalho, Fernando R. +Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Câmpus de Três Lagoas, Av. Ranulpho Marques Leal, 3484, Distrito Industrial II, 79613 - 000 Três Lagoas, MS, Brazil. +carvalhofr@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Castro, Ricardo M. C. +Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040 - 901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. +rmcastro@ffclrp.usp.br + + + +Author + +Chuctaya, Junior +Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500,91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +junior.chuctaya@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Decru, Eva +Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13 B- 3080, Tervuren, Belgium. +eva.decru@kuleuven.be + + + +Author + +Derijst, Eddy +Werfstraat 6, B- 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium. +eddy.derijst@skynet.be + + + +Author + +Dillman, Casey B. +Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850 United States. +cbd63@cornell. edu + + + +Author + +Ferreira, Katiane M. +Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060 - 900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. +kmferreira@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Merxem, Dimitri G. +Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa. Leuvensesteenweg, 13, B- 3080 Tervuren, Belgium, and Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. +dimitri.geelhanddemerxem@uantwerpen.be + + + +Author + +Giovannetti, Victor +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, no. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil. +vgiovannetti@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Hirschmann, Alice +Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500,91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +alicehirschmann@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Jégu, Michel +Rua das Garças, 89 CondomÍnio Gan Eden Km 5.5 estr. RJ 114, Bairro Pilar, 24909 - 335 Maricá, RJ, Brazil. +michel.jegu@ gmail.com + + + +Author + +Jerep, Fernando C. +Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Caixa Postal 10011, 86057 - 970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. +fjerep@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Langeani, Francisco +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. +francisco.langeani@unesp.br + + + +Author + +Lima, Flávio C. T. +Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Albert Einstein, s / n, 13083 - 863 Campinas, SP, Brazil. +fctlima@ gmail.com + + + +Author + +Lucena, Carlos A. S. +Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +lucena@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Lucena, Zilda Margarete S. +Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +lucenamargarete@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Malabarba, Luiz R. +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +malabarb@ufrgs.br + + + +Author + +Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L. +ARCHGEN, Análise e Processamento de DNA Antigo e DifÍcil, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500,91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +claudia.malabarba@ufrgs.br + + + +Author + +Marinho, Manoela M. F. +Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da ParaÍba, Cidade Universitária, s / n, Castelo Branco, 58033 - 455 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. +manoela.marinho@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Mathubara, Kleber +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, no. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil. +kleber.leite@usp.br + + + +Author + +Mattox, George M. T. +Laboratório de Ictiologia de Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, Bairro do Itinga, 18052 - 780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. +gmattox@ufscar.br + + + +Author + +Melo, Bruno F. +Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA. +bmelo@amnh.org + + + +Author + +Moelants, Tuur +Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13 B- 3080, Tervuren, Belgium. +tuurmoelants@hotmail.com + + + +Author + +Moreira, Cristiano R. +Setor de Ictiologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20490 - 040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. +moreira.c.r@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Musschoot, Tobias +Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13 B- 3080, Tervuren, Belgium. +tobias.Musschoot@ africamuseum.be + + + +Author + +Netto-Ferreira, André L. +Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +alnferreira@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Ota, Rafaela P. +Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais., Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados / Itahum, km 12, 79804 – 970 Dourados, MS, Brazil. +rafaelapota@gmail.com + + + +Author + +T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo +Seção de Peixes, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, 04263 - 000, SP, Brazil. +oyakawa@usp.br + + + +Author + +Pavanelli, Carla S. +Coleção Ictiológica, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020 - 900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. +carlasp@nupelia.uem.br + + + +Author + +Reis, Roberto E. +Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, PontifÍcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619 - 900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. +reis@pucrs.br + + + +Author + +Santos, Osmar +Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040 - 901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. +osmysantos@ yahoo.com.br + + + +Author + +Serra, Jane Piton +Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Campus Poços de Caldas, Rua Dirce Pereira Rosa, 300, 37713 - 100 Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil. +jane.sanches@ifsuldeminas.edu.br + + + +Author + +Silva, Gabriel S. C. +Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, 250, 18618 - 689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. +gabriel_biota@hotmail.com + + + +Author + +Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison +Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antonio C. W. Zanin, 250, 18618 - 689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. (RSCS) gabriel _ biota @ hotmail. com. 30 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Natureza e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s / n, 68040 - 255 Santarém, PA, Brazil. +carlison3@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Souza-Lima, Rosana +Laboratório de Estudos de Peixes, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Dr. Francisco Portela, 1470, Patronato, 24435 - 005 São Gonçalo, RJ, Brasil. +rosanasouzalima@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Vari, Richard P. +Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC- 159, National Museum of Natural History, PO Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA. Deceased. + + + +Author + +Zanata, Angela M. +PPG Biodiversidade e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668, Ondina, 40170 - 115 Salvador, BA, Brazil. +zanata.angela@gmail.com + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2024 + +e 230086 + + +2024-02-02 + + +22 + + +1 + + +1 +548 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0086 + +journal article +10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0086 +1982-0224 +13326553 +3A8C03AC-C66B-49B5-9269-E9A26ABA7EBF + + + + + + +SACCODERMA Schultz, 1944 + + + + + +FC Jerep, LR Malabarba, J Chuctaya + + + + + + +Saccoderma +Schultz, 1944:314 + +. +Type +species: + +Saccoderma melanostigma +Schultz, 1944 + +. +Type +by original designation. Gender: Neuter. + + + +Saccoderma hastata +(Eigenmann, 1913) + + +Odontostilbe hastatus +Eigenmann, 1913:27 + +. Type locality: Soplaviento. [Colombia]. +Holotype +: FMNH 56383. Distribution: 301a, 302a (Jerep, 2011). + +Saccoderma melanostigma +Schultz, 1944 + + +Saccoderma melanostigma +Schultz, 1944:315 + +, figs. 40–41. Type locality: Río San Juan near bridge, south of Mene Grande, Motatán system. [ +Venezuela +]. +Holotype +: USNM 121519. Distribution: 303a (Jerep, 2011). + + + +Species inquirendae ( +Saccoderma +) + + + + +Saccoderma falcata +Dahl, 1955:17 + +. Type locality: Tributaries of Sinú and from the Pechilín system. [Colombia]. +Holotype +: whereabouts unknown. [Catalog number and institution of types not designated in original description. In the description of + +Saccoderma falcata +, Dahl (1955) + +mentioned “Type, male, skeletal length +30 mm +. +Paratypes +, 158, from several tributaries of Sinú and from the Pechilín system”. However, the author did not mention in this publication nor in the following ones the catalog number and institution where this material was deposited. Types from all species and subspecies proposed in that publication are considered whereabouts unknown by Fricke +et al +., 2022. In 1955, Dahl collected specimens from the type locality now catalogued under CAS 149503 and identified them as + +Saccoderma falcata + +. We (FCJ) analyzed those specimens and none of them match Dahl’s diagnosis for + +S. falcata + +, being individuals of + +S. hastata + +(CAS 149503, 15, 10.4–26.5 mm SL, Colombia, Bolivar, Pechelin, río Pechelin drainage, a small stream reduced to pools in dry season from hills near Ovejas, it flows to Golfo de Morrequillo at Tolu)]. + + + +Saccoderma robusta +Dahl, 1955:18 + +. Type locality: Nain. [Quebrada Nain, Colombia]. +Holotype +: whereabouts unknown. [In the description of + +Saccoderma robusta +, Dahl (1955) + +mentioned “Type, male (from Nain) skeletal length +28 mm +”. However, the author did not mention in that publication nor in the following ones, the catalog number and institution where the specimen was deposited. The analysis of the specimens MHNG 1066.39–42 (4), listed as +paratypes +(Mahnert, 1976:475) and identified by Dahl as + +S. robusta + +evidenced they are specimens of + +S. hastata + +. Furthermore, they were collected in 1962, seven years after the description of + +S. robusta + +, and thus could not be considered +paratypes +]. + + +Remarks: Dahl identified as + +S. robusta + +specimens from the lots CAS 149505 (collected in 1956) and CAS 149506 (collected in 1957). Those specimens were also analyzed and none of them matches Dahl’s diagnosis for this species, being individuals of + +Odontostilbe dialeptura + +(CAS 149505) and + +S. hastata + +(CAS 149503, CAS 149506). Considering the uncertainty of the diagnosis elaborated by Dahl for his new species, the absence of +type +material, and Dahl’s misidentifications of + +Saccoderma hastata + +as + +S. robusta + +, we herein consider the latter as species +inquirenda +( + +Saccoderma + +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file