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<document id="8C3DE7BE38EB6DC4ABF6B521BBD651F4" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="00f430e9-5600-4014-b13d-507d02ad3784" ModsDocID="z01472p029" checkinTime="1247400158712" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Nurettin Meriç, Lütfiye Eryilmaz &amp; Müfit Özulug" docDate="2007" docId="16EC46C5D7B2BC29FD086A3F73CB5221" docLanguage="en" docName="2007_Meric_Eryilmaz_Özulug_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1472" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:428F3980-C1B8-45FF-812E-0F4847AF6786" docTitle="Ophisurus serpens" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="9367FE3CD0D4EAE58957930B017A95CE" masterDocTitle="A catalogue of the fishes held in the Istanbul University, Science Faculty, Hydrobiology Museum." masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1695956985482" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:namePart id="20036562ED71E903937F8EDB9B37F4B5">Nurettin Meriç</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="72DFD72B8326759BB3D06D8F2709B816">
<mods:date id="1937CA67D1725E7FFC431E5D840C3AFA">2007</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="F492E3B175DE209CDE73693E133B6336" ID-CoL="6SQ5L" ID-ENA="1234705" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophisurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serpens">Ophisurus serpens (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="24BB4CF126BD16280D06465BF7221A18" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation id="9A6CB87D663B6FE591C55AB664077D35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923887687" collectingDate="2000-10-13" collectionCode="IUSHM" collectorName="Birkan Umut" country="Turkey" location="Front of Izmir" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="3500 - 600" stateProvince="Aegean Sea">
<collectingRegion id="FE5DCB06A6CACDFCD5EE7B0185E32D68" pageNumber="29">Aegean Sea</collectingRegion>
:
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(1 spc.),
<date id="6B2DF806F0E4EC927EAEF865BD5D38D0" day="13" month="10" pageNumber="29" value="2000-10-13" year="2000">
<collectingDate id="8FD2C4E7571D4AD4D4912191482F45F4" day="13" month="10" pageNumber="29" value="2000-10-13" year="2000">13.10.2000</collectingDate>
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,
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,
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.
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.672.12488" ID-GBIF-Dataset="abf109e3-3ab4-4884-ab9b-32927e98cb17" ID-PMC="PMC5527340" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-672-35" ID-PubMed="28769666" ID-ZBK="CDCE50DBE70B4F08932EB0001AFB43E5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-672-35" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 672" ModsDocTitle="First Canadian records of genera Apimela Mulsant &amp; Rey and Gyronycha Casey from New Brunswick: description of two new species and new provincial distribution records (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)" checkinTime="1493896445850" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Klimaszewski, Jan, Webster, Reginald P., Zanetti, Adriano &amp; Bourdon, Caroline" docDate="2017" docId="16EC5A021D5DC3BE72A7271A0897407C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 672: 35-48" docOrigin="ZooKeys 672" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.672.12488" docTitle="Apimela canadensis Klimaszewski &amp; Webster, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2CAD6FD2-6B89-45A8-93E1-4DE94B359B60" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FF9BFFDCFFF1FF3C497CFFFEB306995C" masterDocTitle="First Canadian records of genera Apimela Mulsant &amp; Rey and Gyronycha Casey from New Brunswick: description of two new species and new provincial distribution records (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1668164448694" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Klimaszewski, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Webster, Reginald P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zanetti, Adriano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bourdon, Caroline</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2CAD6FD2-6B89-45A8-93E1-4DE94B359B60" authority="Klimaszewski &amp; Webster" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Apimela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apimela canadensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">Apimela canadensis Klimaszewski &amp; Webster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="35">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 9-15
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="36">
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="36" start="start">Holotype</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
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(male). CANADA, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge PNA,
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,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.0779">66.0779°W</geoCoordinate>
, 14.V.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Partially shaded cobblestone bar near outflow of brook at Jacquet River, under cobblestones and gravel on sand (LFC). PARATYPES: New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge
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,
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,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.0779">66.0779°W</geoCoordinate>
, 14.V.2010, R.P. Webster coll. // Partially shaded cobblestone bar near outflow of brook at Jacquet River, under cobblestones &amp; gravel on sand (RWC) 2 males, 1 female; Carleton Co., Belleville, Meduxnekeag Valley Nature
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="38" start="start">Preserve</pageBreakToken>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.6832">67.6832°W</geoCoordinate>
, 9.VI.2008, R.P. Webster coll. // River margin, under cobblestones among grasses away from
<normalizedToken originalValue="water’s">water's</normalizedToken>
edge (RWC) 1 female.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
Figures 9-15.
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Klimaszewski &amp; Webster, sp. n.: 9 habitus in dorsal view 10 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 11, male tergite VIII 12 male sternite VIII 13 female tergite VIII 14 female sternite VIII 15 spermatheca. Scale bars: 1 mm for habitus; 0.2 mm for remaining structures.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Named after Canada, the country of origin, and to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Canada.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Body length 2.0-3.0 mm, subparallel, yellowish brown with slightly darker head, moderately glossy, forebody with fine and dense pubescence, punctation fine; head subquadrate, eyes moderately large and shorter than postocular region of head, posterior angles rounded and slightly angular, pubescence directed straight and obliquely anteriad; antennomeres V-X strongly transverse, head slightly broader than pronotum; pronotum slightly transverse, posterior angles angular; elytra elongate, at suture longer than pronotum, and about one sixth wider than pronotum, abdomen subparallel, with first four visible tergites deeply impressed basally, males lacking tubercles on first and fifth visible tergites. MALE. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus strongly produced ventrally, its venter sinuate with apex turned slightly upward, internal sac with complex structures as illustrated (Fig. 10); tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 11); sternite VIII truncate and broadly arcuate apically (Fig. 12). FEMALE. Spermatheca S-shaped, capsule spherical, slightly arched with a narrow apical tubular multiple micro-coiled projection, stem sinuate, S-shaped (Fig. 15); tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 13); sternite VIII rounded apically (Fig. 14).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Known only from New Brunswick, Canada.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="collection and habitat data">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Collection and habitat data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
The holotype and three paratypes were captured on a partially shaded cobblestone bar near the outflow of brook along the Jacquet River. The adults were found under cobblestones and gravel in sand. One paratype was found along a river margin under a cobblestone among grasses away from the
<normalizedToken originalValue="water’s">water's</normalizedToken>
edge. Adults were collected in May and June.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
This species clearly belongs to a different species group than
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. fusciceps" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="fusciceps">A. fusciceps</taxonomicName>
, which has capsule of spermatheca entirely tubular.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Torymidae</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/81764A75-CF49-4AB8-977F-497F56F9A6DA" authority="Roques &amp; Copeland" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus laventhali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laventhali">Megastigmus laventhali Roques &amp; Copeland</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">Type material.</paragraph>
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Holotype ♀, Kenya, Coast Province, Base of Kasigau Mountain,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.81301">3.81301°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="38.6405">38.64050°E</geoCoordinate>
, 619m, 5 Mar 2012, ex.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Lannea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lannea schweinfurthii" order="Sapindales" pageId="33" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schweinfurthii">Lannea schweinfurthii</taxonomicName>
fruits, CHIESA coll. N°141, R. Copeland leg. (NMKE);
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="84">
Paratype 1♀ Kenya, Coast Province, Funzi island,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.57776">4.57776°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="39.44127">39.44127°E</geoCoordinate>
, near sea level, Malaise trap in mixed grass and woodland, 24 to 28 Jul 2012, R. Copeland leg. (ICIPE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="85" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
Holotype ♀. Medium-sized species with body length (without ovipositor) 4.0 mm; length of ovipositor sheaths 3.4 mm. Body colour predominantly orange (Figures 75-77). Head entirely orange (Figure 78); pilosity on lower face pale; upper face and dorsum of head with conspicuous black hairs. Antenna light brown except scape entirely orange (Figure 79). Thorax entirely light orange except a small black spot at wing insertion (Figure 77). Pilosity on thorax black; a row of 6 black hairs along each lateral suture of mid lobe of mesoscutum; 3 pairs of black hairs on scutellum (Figure 77). Legs entirely pale yellow except claws brown. Forewing stigma brown without infuscation; basal cell indistinct, with two small setae on disc; basal setal line with 1 seta; costal setal line without setae; costal cell without setae (Figure 80). Propodeum light orange with a darker longitudinal line medially (Figure 75); propodeal spiracle very conspicuous; propodeum hairs entirely pale. Gaster dark orange, darker than propodeum; pilosity on gaster black. Ovipositor sheaths black, long, 1.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as gaster, 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as body, 0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as thorax plus gaster (Figure 76).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
Head rounded, width: height ratio: 1.0 (Figure 78); POL:OOL: 1.1. Scape 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus and F1 (Figure 79); scape 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, F1 and F2; anellus subquadrate; F1 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as pedicel, twice as long as wide; F2 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as 1st funicular segment; following funicular segments longer than wide, with F7 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide. Pronotum, mid- and lateral lobes of mesoscutum with coarse transverse carinae; axilla with finer striae; mid-lobe of mesoscutum elongate, 1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as scutellum; scutellum 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, reticulate; frenum 0.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as scutellum length, reticulate. Forewing stigma oblique, nearly rectangular, 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide (Figure 80); upper part of stigmal vein 0.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as stigma length; uncus relatively elongate, 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as postmarginal vein. Propodeum with coarse longitudinal carinae and conspicuous spiracles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Variation. In the paratype, the basal cell presents two long setae on disc, and the basal setal line has 1 seta.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">No males reared.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="host plants">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Lannea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lannea schweinfurthii" order="Sapindales" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schweinfurthii">Lannea schweinfurthii</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
). Probably a seed feeder but it could not be integrated in the molecular analysis because too few specimens were available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Known from the base of Kasigau Mountain, a Taita Hills outlier. Only 1 of 168 fruits (0.6%) was infested (Table 3). Also collected in a Malaise trap sample from Funzi Island, just off the southeast coast of Kenya (Figure 2).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Named in honour of Leo Laventhal, historian, Yiddish scholar and union man.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="34" pageNumber="85">
Females can be separated easily from those of other species associated with fruits of
<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="34" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
by the combination of a predominantly orange body and a relatively long ovipositor, at least 1.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as the gaster. In most of the other
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="86" start="start">species</pageBreakToken>
, body colour combines dark and yellow patterns (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus hypogeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypogeus">Megastigmus hypogeus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus ozoroae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ozoroae">Megastigmus ozoroae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus lanneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanneae">Megastigmus lanneae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus smithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">Megastigmus smithi</taxonomicName>
). For the remaining species that have a predominantly orange body colour, the ovipositor length is at most 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
gaster length (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus pistaciae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistaciae">Megastigmus pistaciae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus thomseni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomseni">Megastigmus thomseni</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus transvaalensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">Megastigmus transvaalensis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart>Abe, Hirokazu</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177212522" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:16EC9D4B3EC8548E96F257625D52BB4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/16EC9D4B3EC8548E96F257625D52BB4B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="16EC9D4B-3EC8-548E-96F2-57625D52BB4B" authority="(Southern, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora kempi" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">Pseudopolydora cf. kempi (Southern, 1921)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larval morphology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larval morphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Overall body shape fusiform, head region enlarged due to broad prostomium and expanded lateral lips of vestibule. Prostomium gently notched anteriorly. Three pairs of black eyes present in more or less a straight line, most lateral pairs double-eyes. Mid-dorsal melanophore on first chaetiger usually absent (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Light micrographs showing the morphologies of living spionid larvae of genera Pseudopolydora and Spio A, B Pseudopolydora aff. achaeta, dorsal view of 12 - chaetiger (A) and 25 - chetiger larvae (B) C Pseudopolydora cf. kempi, dorsolateral view of 12 - chetiger larva D Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, dorsal view of 13 - chaetiger larva E, F Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata, dorsal view of 17 - chaetiger (E) and 16 - chaetiger larvae (F) G, H Pseudopolydora tsubaki, dorsal view of 5 - chaetiger (G) and 11 - chaetiger larvae (H) I Pseudopolydora sp., dorsal view of 7 - chaetiger larva J, K Spio sp. 1, dorsal view of 8 - chaetiger (J) and lateral view of 12 - chaetiger larvae (K) L-N Spio sp. 2, dorsal view of 10 - chaetiger (L) and 17 - chaetiger larvae (M), and 17 - chaetiger metamorphosing larvae (N). Scale bars: 300 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9C</figureCitation>
), small non-ramified melanophore present in some individuals. Dorsal pigment consists of four rows of lateral and central pairs of pigment spots. Lateral and central pigments usually begin from chaetigers II and III, respectively. There pigment spots undergo expansion and contraction. Ventral pigment begins on chaetiger III, consists of paired bars on posterior border of each chaetiger. Anterior and posterior margin of prostomium have considerable brown pigment. Black pigment spots occur on sides of peristomium. Pygidium has black central spot. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers V and VII in 13-chaetiger larvae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Adult individuals of this species were collected from muddy sediment in Gamo Lagoon in January, May, and December 2011, and April 2013. Adult morphology agrees with the description of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" author="Abe, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="650 - 658" refId="B1" refString="Abe, H, Kondoh, T, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2016. First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science 33: 650 - 658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" title="First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160082" volume="33" year="2016">Abe et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
. Therefore, these individuals were referred to
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
. The 16S rRNA gene sequence obtained in the present study showed a 99.7% (305/306 bp) similarity with that of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Imajima &amp; Hartman, 1964 from Russia (MG460897) reported by
<bibRefCitation DOI="doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Mediterranean Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B166" refString="Radashevsky, VI, Malyar, VV, Pankova, VV, Gambi, MC, Giangrande, A, Keppel, E, Nygren, A, Al-Kandari, M, Carlton, JT, 2020b. Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions 22: 3621-3644. ttps:// doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" title="Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions 22: 3621 - 3644. ttps: //" url="doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x" year="2020 b">Radashevsky et al. (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
, indicating these two are same species. It will need to be clarified whether
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(type locality India) and subspecies
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(type locality Japan) are the same species. The larvae and adults were confirmed to 100% match using molecular data (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from nuclear 18 S and mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of spionids obtained from Japan in the present and previous studies (provided in Table 1). The gene sequences of adult and larval spionid polychaetes are indicated by solid squares and circles in front of each species name, respectively. SH-aLRT / approximate Bayes support / ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥ 80 %, ≥ 0.95, ≥ 95 %, respectively are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Laonome sp. and Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 obtained from DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank were used for outgroup rooting." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1015.54387.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/505188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Planktonic larvae of this species larger than 12-chaetiger stages were collected from Gamo Lagoon in August 2012. The larval morphology of this species observed in the present study agrees with the descriptions of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B28" refString="Blake, JA, Woodwick, KH, 1975. Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 149: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" title="Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" volume="149" year="1975">Blake and Woodwick (1975)</bibRefCitation>
and of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">P. cf. kempi</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction &amp; Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction &amp; Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
. These species have adelphophagic and lecithotrophic larval development, in which larvae feed on nurse eggs in brood capsules, hatch at a very late stage, and have a short pelagic life (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B28" refString="Blake, JA, Woodwick, KH, 1975. Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae). The Biological Bulletin 149: 109 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" title="Reproduction and larval development of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) and Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) (Polychaeta: Spionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1540483" volume="149" year="1975">Blake and Woodwick 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction &amp; Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction &amp; Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Reproduction and larval development of these species under the name of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi subsp. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="kempi" subSpecies="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were also described by
<bibRefCitation author="Srikrishnadhas, B" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Almquist &amp; Wicksells, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B205" refString="Srikrishnadhas, B, Ramamoorthi, K, 1977. Development of Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton. Special Publication UNESCO/NIO, 671-677." title="Development of Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Warm Water Zooplankton. Special Publication UNESCO / NIO, 671 - 677." year="1977">Srikrishnadhas and Ramamoorthi (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Myohara, M" journalOrPublisher="Inform Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27642" refId="B122" refString="Myohara, M, 1979. Reproduction and development of Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with special reference to the polar lobe formation. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 6, Zoology 21: 355-364. [figs 8, 9] http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27642" title="Reproduction and development of Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with special reference to the polar lobe formation. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 6, Zoology 21: 355 - 364. [figs 8, 9]" url="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27642" year="1979">Myohara (1979)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation author="Radashevsky, VI" journalOrPublisher="Soviet Journal of Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 46" refId="B142" refString="Radashevsky, VI, 1985. The larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 2: 39 - 46" title="The larval development of the polychaete Pseudopolydora kempi japonica (Spionidae) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan." volume="2" year="1985">Radashevsky (1985)</bibRefCitation>
. However, the larvae of species in these descriptions resemble those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radashevsky &amp; Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopolydora reticulata" order="Spionida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reticulata">Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata</taxonomicName>
Radashevsky &amp; Hsieh, 2000 described by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" author="Kondoh, T" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Reproduction &amp; Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="172 - 181" refId="B96" refString="Kondoh, T, Abe, H, Sato-Okoshi, W, 2017. Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan. Invertebrate Reproduction &amp; Development 61: 172 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" title="Reproduction and larval development of two sympatric Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1318095" volume="61" year="2017">Kondoh et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
and of the present study in having planktotrophic development without nurse eggs and distinct dorsal melanophores including a middorsal melanophore on the first chaetiger. The taxonomy of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unclear because its original description is quite brief, and the current location of type specimen is unknown (Radashevsky and Hsieh 2000). Therefore, studies resolving the taxonomy of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. kempi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. kempi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are necessary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>