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<mods:title id="D04832AD9F21B4DC6E261726F70585A1">Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="F2CE105589CD6A997E48B7BF8A5422EB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902453" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F2CE105589CD6A997E48B7BF8A5422EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2CE105589CD6A997E48B7BF8A5422EB" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
<subSubSection id="AF689A2515CE8614F80A672E2D11D64F" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E3AA0B50345CD9A88A07F832BC0CF7DB" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName id="0A5ECCABF486C631A906DDAF7FF5A36A" ID-CoL="BMLP" authority="Telenga, 1941" authorityName="Telenga" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus (Telenga, 1941)</taxonomicName>
Figs 341-342, 343-352
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76F0487D1738B093F52F11557297023A" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F0BCBD1ACF75CD681DFCB5E8E1F86E0D" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName id="1191F700483A0765FFAC4A5AD736EC44" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">
<pageBreakToken id="8A69FFA8EDAE41FFBF7203FB69452AA8" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" start="start">Heterogamus</pageBreakToken>
testaceus
</taxonomicName>
Telenga, 1941: 134;
<bibRefCitation id="42E4F13CA748E279F7D8761AA7BACCC0" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 1202;
<bibRefCitation id="27AA397F5C80A94E3154C55E8C08AFED" author="Tobias, VI" editor="Medvedev, GS" journalOrPublisher="Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 501" title="Rogadinae: 72 - 85." volume="145" volumeTitle="Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4." year="1986">Tobias 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 85 (transl.: 142; lectotype designation);
<bibRefCitation id="14D95A57D3F298A8270200A984F1B2E7" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Magyarorszag Allatvilaga [Fauna Hungariae]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 122" title="Parasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Braconidae. 18. Doryctinae. 19. Rogadinae." volume="167" year="1991">Papp 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 115 (examined).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB2DA97C16F47CEC5989892C810B6E94" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName id="B47869AAE0E364847414D228C5FBDB1B" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="119921E5170AE153289056AF9816BFC0" author="Bergamesco, P" journalOrPublisher="Checklist della Specie della Fauna Italiana" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="2 - 29" title="HymenopteraBraconidae." volume="95" year="1995">Bergamesco et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 5;
<bibRefCitation id="63EE96BF89620B0F6DA852CDD85C988F" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichte Luzern" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="59 - 134" title="Contributions to the braconid fauna of Monte Generoso, Canton Ticino, southern Switzerland (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="35" year="1996">Papp and Rezbanyai-Reser 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 83, 87,
<bibRefCitation id="C9396E6C0939D23429231D0D25A6847A" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichte Luzern" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="113 - 120" title="Zur Brackwespenfauna der Insel Brissago, Kanton Tessin (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="38" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
: 116;
<bibRefCitation id="DF72D2A93C7889C52333005299530DA3" author="Fortier, JC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" pagination="204 - 237" title="Cladistics of the Aleiodes lineage of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="8" year="1999">Fortier and Shaw 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 221;
<bibRefCitation id="710A5B2DEBAE4C952160FA9F6CBCE737" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="777 - 797" title="Additions to the fauna of Braconidae from Madeira and Selvagens Islands, with the description of five new species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Homolobinae, Alysiinae, Opiinae)." volume="83" year="2009">van Achterberg and Aguiar 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 793-794.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6ADEB0A1B40F19F76C1B9D8853026CAF" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="type material">
<paragraph id="83BA26C27F42B7CE326626420D0DAEF0" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE595EA8B9E57B015470FE5B50E25056" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Lectotype ♀ (ZISP) from southern Russia (Astrakhanskaya Oblast) examined.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EE8422781DF57555E4416105D2BB09A" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD12E9634571D7ABBB6FC950D21129A8" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B8E3B7B8C0EDF9D6CB0405BA8525E4A" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">*Austria, British Isles (*England: V.C.s 2, 3, 5, 17, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 31, 32, 38, 39, 57, 58, 63; *Wales: V.C.s 48, 52; *Ireland: H5, H30 and Co. Cork), Bulgaria, *Cyprus, France (*mainland and *Corsica), Greece (mainland), Italy, Morocco, *Netherlands (NB: Tilburg (Kaaistoep)), Portugal (Madeira), Spain (mainland, *Mallorca and *Canary Islands (Gomera; Gran Canaria; Tenerife)). Specimens in NMS, BMNH, RMNH, CNC, BZL, OUM, ZISP, ZSSM, CMIM, UWIM, AAC.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE315B5DE1F3578BC8B17D0B5FA1DBC6" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="molecular data">
<paragraph id="D77E31C31F8923FA10B685B9BD418F54" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Molecular data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6C9A5488586096AE2605ED0B3EED081" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">MRS057 (Corsica JF973344, CO1) MRS084 (England JF962864, CO1), MRS086 (England KU682223, CO1), MRS103 (Corsica KU682226, CO1), MRS106 (Corsica KU682227, CO1), MRS261 (France JF962863, CO1).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FCB51AD66D15D81CF6AC3FC4E040170" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="94CBCF3C5933A6A4A469D202B2ED0600" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C3EDB4F25BD8AEC279B123AA0CE12DA" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
This is a plurivoltine parasitoid of
<taxonomicName id="3AF6F2FEF202AF8958AB98AAF37F955D" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="EDCC7F417B0E60C0702A7CF559C3324C" family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="E18243E5509401AB7D44E3B7426923B8" lsidName="" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larentiinae">Larentiinae</taxonomicName>
) and close relatives feeding on flowers, overwintering as an adult. Specimens in NMS reared from wild collected larvae identified as
<taxonomicName id="18EFC73B8C060BC62EE0C7EFBF013569" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia dodoneata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodoneata">Eupithecia dodoneata</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="88AF54AC19328EEA644D6B140D5AED52" originalValue="Guenée">Guenee</normalizedToken>
(10; T.H. Ford/France, M.R. Shaw/France),
<taxonomicName id="0B5106E830BC49E359EE844930B3E4B5" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
sp. (6),
<taxonomicName id="BA383D6AFCDC1D07D88782B8FCA842A1" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chloroclystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chloroclystis v-ata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="v-ata">Chloroclystis v-ata</taxonomicName>
(Haworth) (9; G.M. Haggett, M.R. Shaw),
<taxonomicName id="2E6551CA085378E43A2CDB58590D6403" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gymnoscelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnoscelis rufifasciata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufifasciata">Gymnoscelis rufifasciata</taxonomicName>
(Haworth) (2; G.M. Haggett, M.R. Shaw). Hosts were always associated with flowers, especially of trees (
<taxonomicName id="B7C9A5745437250D62FADB1BECE3B16C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
) and shrubby plants (
<taxonomicName id="082ABB1C32B63A8E4541AF8203074BBE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Ligustrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ligustrum" order="Lamiales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ligustrum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7B79C83577A89BC97F0B02FD3EE4721" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Clematis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clematis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Clematis</taxonomicName>
), but including field layer plants (
<taxonomicName id="47847FD52EE397DD92D4B7F12369CA66" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solidago" order="Asterales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solidago</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03202C7EE112F158067E79F28F16D39B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Torilis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Torilis" order="Apiales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Torilis</taxonomicName>
). Adults always emerge in the year of formation of the mummy, and females of this species overwinter as adults. In addition to a torpid specimen having been beaten from conifers in late December and another taken in early March (both M.W.R. de Vere Graham, southern England), this has been confirmed experimentally. However, in captivity the females tend to become active and require food above about 4 °C, indicating that the species is best adapted to areas where the winter is relatively short, as
<pageBreakToken id="3A0FFEF3707B679391F67BBC2D32902E" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
southern Europe. Dissection of 5 (out of 51) female specimens collected by fogging
<taxonomicName id="FC59A9A18500407421F654448404F1BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
canopy in mid September (southern England, N.E. Stork) revealed neither mature nor developing eggs, only moderately extensive fat bodies. As the species had
<pageBreakToken id="92129B983CAE08B4D96FB26A2CD37AC4" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" start="start">been</pageBreakToken>
virtually absent from other fortnightly samples fogged from the same trees, it seems that they were feeding, perhaps on honeydew, prior to overwintering elsewhere. Because males are found late in the summer as well as early, it appears to be a plurivoltine species; however, it is unclear whether the autumnal specimens lacking mature eggs had resorbed them or refrained from developing them. Light trapped specimens tend to be female, but this is probably just a consequence of the much longer life span of the female sex, and in reared series the sex ratio is more equal. The light brown, banana-shaped, apically attenuated and short-lived mummy is interesting in not being stuck down at the thoracic area; instead (at least when forming from relatively elongate and fully exposed
<taxonomicName id="AB5F45B582D36B2A7DEEEBB6A4B465DC" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupithecia</taxonomicName>
larvae such as those of
<taxonomicName id="6B84FBD90F687F45961188E20911FDEB" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupithecia dodoneata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodoneata">Eupithecia dodoneata</taxonomicName>
) it projects outwards at an angle similar to that normally adopted by the host at rest. None the less, a ventral opening is made by the parasitoid larva in the
<normalizedToken id="ADC61F9179D207338CF3485EF2827CEA" originalValue="host’s">host's</normalizedToken>
thoracic region at the time of mummification, through which a small quantity of fluid is expelled and quickly dries.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8769CAA35B78ED292762CB5F1A04EC5" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D1FDF1067A2DDC1EA28EB80CDB780EF4" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75D9D993C034C4123EE8EF726C7EAC03" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
Antennal segments of female 30-35 (of male 34-37); third antennal segment rather slender (Fig. 348); OOL about equal to diameter of posterior ocellus (Fig. 351); area in front of anterior ocellus with a minute smooth tubercle; ventral margin of clypeus thick (Fig. 350); maximum width of hypoclypeal depression 0.30-0.35
<normalizedToken id="A1C8988D5F8A94633A903998D32F1B2A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
minimum width of face; length of malar space of female 0.3-0.4
<normalizedToken id="684204536995A17F56B8CF5BEC8B911A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height of eye in lateral view (Fig. 350); occipital carina very widely effaced dorsally (Fig. 351); vein r of fore wing 0.7-0.9
<normalizedToken id="BBEF11C2458E874811391CC1427D2E2A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
vein 3-SR; vein 1-SR of fore wing rather long; vein 1r-m of hind wing distinctly shorter than vein 1-M (Fig. 343); marginal cell of hind wing somewhat widened apically; inner hind tibial spur 0.25-0.30
<normalizedToken id="81BDC5CC3B8D5EF0BADA487CE4D7A73F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as hind basitarsus; tarsal claws setose; pterostigma, inner side of basal half of hind tibia, head and mesosoma largely yellowish, but mesopleuron dorsally and propodeum usually more or less dark brown; third metasomal tergite with more or less developed diverging striae laterally
</paragraph>
<caption id="11C98A7E765955715C1A9A74C55993BC" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="073095E2435FDCE978C64D52506ABC48" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
Figures 341-342.
<taxonomicName id="5369BB387BD701780C1110613DA2E5A7" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
(Telenga), ♀, England, Bodney. 341 habitus lateral 342 mummy of
<taxonomicName id="76CC4A67E13F6D24CFF9803F4152B185" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gymnoscelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnoscelis rufofasciata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciata">Gymnoscelis rufofasciata</taxonomicName>
(Haworth).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A3A7D91280B694332987CA2DD426748C" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="B2326996212E6031E31CEB2894BF1359" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
Figures 343-352.
<taxonomicName id="C98862356F8394BBD39C014D4897CABE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
(Telenga), ♀, France, Var, Garde Freinet. 343 wings 344 mesosoma lateral 345 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 346 hind leg lateral 347 fore femur lateral 348 basal segments of antenna 349 head anterior 350 head lateral 351 head dorsal 352 apical segments of antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="243C2876B7FD6111EF7868F28CDBF0FA" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="description">
<paragraph id="CFD95EBF0FCF1040077E7A12F37633A8" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4B2D932DDF710F66089785E3B57E64A" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Redescribed ♀ (RMNH) from Garde Freinet (France: Var), length of fore wing 3.3 mm, of body 3.7 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C2652357BB1F51369296F48CEED1977" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
Head. Antennal segments 32, antenna as long as fore wing, its subbasal and subapical segments about 2.4 and 1.7
<normalizedToken id="11485554E50AA77F03D86385EAC05B26" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, respectively; frons mainly granulate and flat; OOL equal to diameter of posterior ocellus and very finely granulate as vertex, with satin sheen; clypeus weakly convex, medium-sized and granulate; ventral margin of clypeus thick and depressed (Fig. 350); width of hypoclypeal depression 0.3
<normalizedToken id="121B4C9C007F491F7CBE397E2CF56D3D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
minimum width of face (Fig. 349) and face granulate and with medium-sized setae; length of eye 3.2
<normalizedToken id="4F27092B7C1D5E38E321BE657CFFFE64" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
temple in dorsal view and temple gradually narrowed behind eye; occiput behind stemmaticum very finely granulate and occipital carina complete ventrally and widely interrupted dorsally; clypeus near lower level of eyes (Fig. 349); length of malar space 0.35
<normalizedToken id="F3060D308355A1A8EB460F6F3B31A20E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height of eye in lateral view; eyes rather protruding (Figs 349-351).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E5F93A004FB5E1555AD449F537CD083B" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
Mesosoma. Mesoscutal lobes finely granulate, matt and medio-posteriorly rugose; anterior half of notauli narrow, shallow and smooth and posterior half obsolescent; prepectal carina narrow lamelliform medio-ventrally, not reaching anterior border of mesopleuron; precoxal area of mesopleuron finely rugulose medially (Fig. 344); remainder of mesopleuron above precoxal area nearly smooth or superficially shiny granulate,
<pageBreakToken id="50DD404E2813C7FC90973CE3C6C3FFC5" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" start="start">but</pageBreakToken>
dorsally finely rugose; medially metapleuron distinctly granulate and with some rugae, rather shiny; mesosternal sulcus narrow and shallow; mesosternum rounded posteriorly; scutellum nearly flat, densely granulate and laterally non-carinate; propodeum convex, and rugulose-granulate, median carina complete, without tubercles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1183EA29F6C7CDCB28CB1C27B331DA02" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<pageBreakToken id="613584ED2A203A73BACB0F610AB38C19" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" start="start">Wings</pageBreakToken>
. Fore wing: r nearly as long as 3-SR (Fig. 343); 1-CU1 horizontal, 0.5
<normalizedToken id="4BAB2D7D8B1E29DA86DE6F102A6C28F5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as 2-CU1; r-m 0.8
<normalizedToken id="593B75CA5FCC1786A1CEE8B970683AE0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-SR, and 0.7
<normalizedToken id="D8242EEB8D1023D10930E0639E3727C3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-SR; second submarginal cell short (Fig. 343); vein M+CU1 of fore wing apically at level of vein 2-CU1; vein 1-SR of fore wing rather long and nearly linear with vein 1-M (Fig. 343); cu-a short and vertical, first subdiscal cell narrow (Fig. 343); 1-M nearly straight posteriorly. Hind wing: apical half of marginal cell slightly widened apically; 2-SC+R short and longitudinal; m-cu present as unpigmented fold; M+CU:1-M = 7:5; 1r-m moderately oblique and 0.7
<normalizedToken id="1361D8B25BD99A2BB553D914C9C78E26" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as 1-M.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ACEC075A19D9956329B1544309FF89C6" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
Legs. Tarsal claws yellowish setose; hind coxa granulate and with satin sheen; hind trochantellus 2.2
<normalizedToken id="3ED0DDF4F136426338100A3638A4BBC2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer ventrally than wide; length of fore and hind femora 6.4 and 4.7
<normalizedToken id="1F7550B20B5E7D427226D2B09A42BE2A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their width, respectively (Figs 346-347); inner apex of hind tibia without comb; length of inner hind spur 0.3
<normalizedToken id="0C737B685178E2438286A8CD70F9E231" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
hind basitarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DECB1DC4208CFF3DD1300C5B80EFEA0" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
Metasoma. First tergite 1.1
<normalizedToken id="A842CC99FDECA7ABB9C7608F232446B8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide posteriorly, convex and latero-posteriorly narrowly lamelliform;
<normalizedToken id="215A0606D0A9C335853B3D97CCB8B670" originalValue="first–second">first-second</normalizedToken>
tergites and basal 0.6 of third tergite finely longitudinally rugose, interspaces granulate and with median carina (Fig. 345); remainder of metasoma superficially micro-sculptured; medio-basal area of second tergite absent; second suture medium-sized, rather shallow and crenulate; third tergite 0.8
<normalizedToken id="EFA369CD1F62182987D95A2F8CC9BA63" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as second tergite; fourth tergite without sharp lateral crease; remainder of metasoma partly retracted; ovipositor sheath truncate apically and moderately setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64EB7EE944C49DFEE8CAF5FADC8C1E41" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Colour. Brownish yellow; stemmaticum, patch on outer side of scapus and pedicellus, apical third of antenna, pronotum dorsally, mesopleuron dorsally, metanotum, metapleuron dorsally, propodeum largely and veins around 1-M of fore wing dark brown; remainder of veins brown or yellowish; palpi, tegulae and pterostigma pale yellowish; wing membrane subhyaline; first tergite somewhat infuscate basally; ovipositor sheath black.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C0B3B48EEB945DDAECB7748FAA850C4C" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Variation. Antennal segments of ♀ 30(1), 31(9), 32(24), 33(78), 34(30), 35(6); of ♂ 34(7), 35(16), 36(18), 37(9); side of pronotum and metasoma of both sexes sometimes largely dark brown or brown except ivory patch of second and third tergites and yellowish brown apex of metasoma.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F94B2817A1A130B2B58E03E1B85A1D62" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="notes">
<paragraph id="A8A604E21FB1244BE7AA9CC71DFD71F2" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E9D4275342DB8F293CDB48F1D2692BF0" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">This species is distinctive and (with the wide use of UV light traps by lepidopterists) proving to be rather common in southern England, but it seems to have been very rarely collected and generally overlooked as a British species until quite recently. However, it has probably been present for a long time; a British specimen in the Dale collection (OUM) is dated 1892. In The Netherlands known since 2006 but only from one locality in the southern province of Noord-Brabant. On average the males have 2-3 antennal segments more than females.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87B95CE7470B00141E41A7F9A164C073" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
The name &quot;
<taxonomicName id="84431A79DE40620AA3260B0C5287262E" genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea testaceus" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="testaceus">testaceus</taxonomicName>
&quot; (or the invalid emendation &quot;
<taxonomicName id="D33B8E19791300559FAE267BAFA83176" genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea testaceator" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="testaceator">testaceator</taxonomicName>
&quot; by
<bibRefCitation id="EE343BB2851F0FC718AF12769D3146E4" author="Thunberg, CP" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint Petersbourg" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="249 - 281" title="Ichneumonidea, InsectaHymenoptera illustrata." volume="8" year="1822">Thunberg (1822)</bibRefCitation>
) has been used for 3 different taxa or groups of taxa in the genera
<taxonomicName id="9468C739550DB4DE4641FB00C5213121" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rogas</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="AB30C5A0FC840D0C4964606884CEBD1F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhogas</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3A42E432BE6DA050C6AEDDB3552EF17F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="870974F83FCA86F140454ABE5A908E1E" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterogamus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="A3EB0E7993598F0EAA8D39FB8C0DF7D2" family="Braconidae" lsidName="" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="45B58B7AB41E367CBDD66E722E51CC86" lsidName="" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rogadinae">Rogadinae</taxonomicName>
). Most taxa included in the past in
<taxonomicName id="3A1513BFB0FD3DAB09137AC51F743064" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rogas</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="FF03ADCE094753864588092F73C653EE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhogas</taxonomicName>
are now included in the genus
<taxonomicName id="FB3AD9B1BA4D5A596B804C86E3A6B328" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
Wesmael, 1838 s. l. (
<bibRefCitation id="D7A5B4BA7DF3C5AC07FC1A418A528DB5" author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" title="Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive" url="www.taxapad.com" year="2012">Yu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
) as well as some taxa formerly included in
<taxonomicName id="7956029ACDAD96673075CF86B68C8C59" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterogamus</taxonomicName>
Wesmael, 1838 (including
<taxonomicName id="326C7B95835156F3D59F53AC83034E76" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Heterogamus testaceus</taxonomicName>
Telenga, 1941).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1AA5A7D30623D85F00D43DD425D10AEB" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<pageBreakToken id="46287271278C1346C1DA8C3FE2BB7684" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
oldest name is
<taxonomicName id="AF9F898B589D000586FEC65F40387C5D" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1798, not Gmelin, 1790. As a junior homonym
<taxonomicName id="A7282035298079FDC5567D04CA6C0CC2" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus</taxonomicName>
Fabricius is unavailable, and the oldest available name for this taxon is
<taxonomicName id="A6C17FB2579A6CE6CB04397EDD7CE985" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Rogas luteus</taxonomicName>
Nees, 1834 (see
<bibRefCitation id="08D78AF20C4F9BB89C3AEBF277971C9A" author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="133 - 139" title="Notes on some type-species described by Fabricius of the subfamilies Braconinae, Rogadinae, Microgastrinae and Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." volume="42" year="1982">van Achterberg 1982</bibRefCitation>
). In 1822 Thunberg emended the Fabrician name to &quot;
<taxonomicName id="2721878BEF62479598F461A8C0E94856" genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea testaceator" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" rank="species" species="testaceator">testaceator</taxonomicName>
&quot;, but this emendation is invalid. The senior homonym
<taxonomicName id="56ED6F1EDF037DFA18E1F95043F7874E" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus</taxonomicName>
Gmelin is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="FA6E45A4E537E58F35B37E17B19CBE2F" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Monoblastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monoblastus brachyacanthus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyacanthus">Monoblastus brachyacanthus</taxonomicName>
(Gmelin, 1790) and belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="A85F45CAC7C2284EE8B40D200FB29D35" family="Ichneumonidae" lsidName="" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="E6506B29FCA0BBC95036B6BD29FED3EA" lsidName="" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tryphoninae">Tryphoninae</taxonomicName>
(Yu &amp; Horstmann 1997).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FCAC3F7274FCC33FBBBED0347E0C6225" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
Second is &quot;
<taxonomicName id="EA078F52ABAA0E9B9E591E6B14667443" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
&quot; of
<bibRefCitation id="20E8D5E09FE2CAD2796032242E37C307" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Genua" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" title="Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores, quas in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit, et iconibus illustravit (Hymenoptera)." year="1808">Spinola (1808)</bibRefCitation>
of which the original combination is
<taxonomicName id="63A878078E3248026711E676E5260D66" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Bracon testaceus</taxonomicName>
. It has so often been considered to be a valid taxon that it is included as such in Taxapad (
<bibRefCitation id="CCF62472C0F93F503714AC63F9DCE636" author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" title="Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive" url="www.taxapad.com" year="2012">Yu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). However, in the supposed description by
<bibRefCitation id="E2211A293E93CA93C423A10DDB9FB19A" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Genua" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" title="Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores, quas in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit, et iconibus illustravit (Hymenoptera)." year="1808">Spinola (1808)</bibRefCitation>
, the author refers to
<taxonomicName id="E3D0F5EBABDA3E4493AC889D007891E1" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Ichneumon testaceus</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1798, and it is, therefore, not a valid description of a new taxon. Nomenclaturally it is the same as
<taxonomicName id="ABB6AF4FC8580E7DE806670402B628E8" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Rogas luteus</taxonomicName>
Nees, 1834 (see above), but subsequent authors have incorrectly interpreted it as another (or other) species.
<taxonomicName id="A6E91D6CA2BB565F20DE2533A100D534" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Rogas luteus</taxonomicName>
Nees is a valid name and refers to the type species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="1153850A01610837E5379E341A03FEC7" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rogas</taxonomicName>
Nees, 1819, and its (unjustified) emendation
<taxonomicName id="EB1A8482792E8FCFDF58158B5F39A9DB" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhogas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhogas</taxonomicName>
Agassiz, 1849. &quot;
<taxonomicName id="23A33DE0CB78DFB1DBE2F84DA220178A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
(Spinola)&quot; of authors usually refers to one or another of several brownish yellow (
<normalizedToken id="DA7D9AB33E33B42B7CB0487B5F876B84" originalValue="“testaceous”">&quot;testaceous&quot;</normalizedToken>
) species of
<taxonomicName id="1705B0BDD138917D44A241956E355677" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
, most often the taxon which we consider to be correctly named as
<taxonomicName id="10AB632964D90A79B665EFFC7FFE7DFE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes similis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">Aleiodes similis</taxonomicName>
(Curtis, 1834), or taxa included in Taxapad under the species-aggregate of
<taxonomicName id="1F4D3C21C819019CBFD1444462D7FE83" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes gastritor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gastritor">Aleiodes gastritor</taxonomicName>
(Thunberg, 1822) s. l. (
<bibRefCitation id="313249EF4E185D68D67DF00F56180085" author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" title="Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive" url="www.taxapad.com" year="2012">Yu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). According to Art. 11.5 of the ICZN Code (
<bibRefCitation id="3D0456544CBA8971EAAAEEB75A0ED421" author="Herrich-Schaeffer, GAW" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
), to be available a name must be used as valid for a taxon when proposed, unless it was first published as a junior synonym and subsequently made available under the provisions of Art. 11.6.1. The status of a previously unavailable name is not changed by its mere citation as a valid taxon (Art. 11.5.2) and
<taxonomicName id="0A1B280824A34034900EE6AADE57ACA0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracon testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Bracon testaceus</taxonomicName>
was not described by Spinola as a new taxon. A name could become available according to Art. 11.10, if it was deliberately employed for a misidentified type species, but this does not apply to the
<taxonomicName id="AA922CFD9A531F1147F525A3D396B31D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
of Spinola. In principle, to maintain prevailing usage of a misinterpreted name, the case could be brought to the Commission for a ruling, but in our opinion there are no good reasons to do this because the intention of
<bibRefCitation id="C800D4121B3E34DFFA0E294CDFB27CA0" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Genua" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" title="Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores, quas in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit, et iconibus illustravit (Hymenoptera)." year="1808">Spinola (1808)</bibRefCitation>
is unambiguous, the name has been used for several taxa, and it is not an iconic name that should be preserved because of many unambiguous published citations outside of the field of taxonomy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB08C9B32A5C9BFB1D14FB5B241E8A0C" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
Finally,
<taxonomicName id="72074CE77F169873491EDE9671F14BED" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterogamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogamus testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Heterogamus testaceus</taxonomicName>
Telenga, 1941, was (correctly in our view) included in the genus
<taxonomicName id="BEAD5AFCEA85B74046E27EA7CB56ED1F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
by several authors, including
<bibRefCitation id="9CD5BD04946221D48EC6734B6AC38548" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt (1975)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="9275505541EA22909F61A55DED8FF03B" author="Bergamesco, P" journalOrPublisher="Checklist della Specie della Fauna Italiana" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="2 - 29" title="HymenopteraBraconidae." volume="95" year="1995">Bergamesco et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
. Thus
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(Telenga) could be confused, nomenclaturally, with &quot;
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(Spinola)&quot; of authors (belonging mainly to the
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-aggregate or other taxa of what we refer to in this paper as the
<taxonomicName id="ACEFBE251CFF427C462C463130247A9D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
-group). The two are only distantly related according to
<bibRefCitation id="4EA82AFE3FDE1A4412380D7963DE18A9" author="Fortier, JC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" pagination="204 - 237" title="Cladistics of the Aleiodes lineage of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="8" year="1999">Fortier and Shaw (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, a conclusion with which we concur (including from unpublished molecular data; Quicke et al. in prep.). Included among the purposes of this paper is to clarify the differences between these taxa and to suppress the incorrect usage of the name &quot;
<taxonomicName id="429FFF2C6CAE37EB224AC514A092B870" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes testaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Aleiodes testaceus</taxonomicName>
(Spinola)&quot; of authors not (
<bibRefCitation id="C9F0AB1FBF2B4BD8DFE46817465C34D9" author="Telenga, NA" journalOrPublisher="Hymenoptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1 - 466" title="Family Braconidae, subfamily Braconinae (continuation) and Sigalphinae. Fauna USSR." volume="5" year="1941">Telenga 1941</bibRefCitation>
), as for example by
<bibRefCitation id="806367FEFE42D8A29C7386DE86E325A9" author="Quicke, DLJ" journalOrPublisher="Wiley Blackwell" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" title="The Braconid and Ichneumonid Parasitoid Wasps - Biology, Systematics, Wvolution and Ecology" year="2015">Quicke (2015)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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Orthopagus bartletti Song,
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Figs 2
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, 3A, 4
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<paragraph id="9BF8000314195F051E422A767C91C69B" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D3AD68045A60A23C00CFB287F2B1932" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
Holotype male, INDIA: Karnataka: Shimoga district, Someshwari Wildlife Sanctuary, 10 km W Agumbe,
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;
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, alt. 372 ft, early successional, wet evergreen forest, 22.ix.2005, C. R. Bartlett leg. (UDCC).
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<paragraph id="E7E203BC44DA1B37F228833ACF38040E" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93D5E69CC3A91635FBC263B4DA4857B" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
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sp. n. can be separated from all other
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species by the very short head, hardly produced in front of eyes; the forewings with a brownish streak along nodal line connecting the pterostigmal area with the distal sublunate streak; the dorso-posterior margin of the male pygofer with a large and broad process forming two distinct angles; the robust male segment X; and the lobes of the phallobase muricate apically.
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<paragraph id="0958DD5600571B5180208DA32C9E7E78" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B157DA5A3B108C14FF1446045C2DAC7" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Measurements (1 male). Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): 11.5 mm; head length (from apex of cephalic process to base of eyes): 1.2 mm; head width (including eyes): 1.5 mm; forewing length: 9.6 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA953C9C84AB1A7631B75B2D9B16367C" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">
Coloration (Fig. 2
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). General colour brownish ochraceous marked with dark brown on dorsum. Head greenish ochraceous, vertex with basal corners, a pair of round patches in basal third, and apical diamond-shaped spot dark brown (Fig. 4A); frons with median area between intermediate carinae extensively dark brown anteriorly and with series of small pale fuscous spots along intermediate and lateral carinae and narrow ivory white band basally (Fig. 4C). Clypeus ivory white, with two small spots at base and apex dark brown. Compound eyes fuscous with posterior margin ochraceous; ocelli purplish-red. Pronotum brownish ochraceous, median carina, apical marginal areas of ventral lobes, and posterior lateral angles ivory white. Mesonotum brownish ochraceous (Fig. 4A). Forewings hyaline, veins ochraceous, pterostigmal area, a streak along nodal line, and a wide sublunate streak on distal third dull ochraceous; posterior (claval) margin broadly faintly brown (Fig. 3A). Hind wings hyaline, veins and an apical spot dull ochraceous. Legs pale brown; fore femora subapically and hind tibiae at base and apex (including lateral and apical spines) blackish. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally brownish ochraceous.
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Structure. Head (Fig. 4
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) very short, cephalic process practically absent. Vertex (Fig. 4A) with ratio of length at midline to width between eyes 1.4. Frons with base slightly inflated anteriad in dorsal view (Fig. 4A), with transition to vertex broadly rounded in lateral view (Fig. 4B); in ventral view, frons with ratio of length at midline to maximum width 2.2; median carina more or less obscure at base (Fig. 4C).
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Male genitalia. Pygofer, in lateral view, with dorso-posterior margin forming a large, broad, biangular lobe (Fig. 4E); in ventral view (Fig. 4F) much longer than in dorsal view (Fig. 4D) with ratio of ventral to dorsal width about 3.4. Gonostyles (Fig. 4E, F) elongate, relatively narrow in basal half, with strongly sinuate dorsal margin medially. Aedeagus (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken id="A48808815275E8237B310B6A5F7B8C1B" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
) with endosomal processes relatively short and robust, without distinct minute superficial spines, and directed laterad; phallobase with a pair of large, elongate, thumb-like ventral lobes, curved dorso-posteriad and muricate apically (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken id="60DCFC168B7F21BDE42DD863255ADEA5" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
); and a pair of shorter lateral lobes, directed posteriad (Fig. 4H). Segment X, in lateral view, relatively short and robust, with ventral margin gradually widening from base to broadly truncate apex (Fig. 4E); in dorsal view broad, broadest medially, with ratio of length to maximum width 1.1 (Fig. 4D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1909E433F0FBBF8D918E356D239E0A3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Female genitalia unknown.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="774D863AE542B50159C2CCAE51A0D403" pageId="2" pageNumber="371" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="38A333296550DF6005537574FA04CE6B" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94485D5DA484313EA47F89A138900EA4" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">The new species is named after Dr. Charles R. Bartlett, collector of the type specimen and curator of the insect collection at the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, USA, in recognition of his kindest help and support to the first author when he visited UDCC in 2017. The species name is to be treated as a noun in genitive case.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F82D121C33038DBB26E6C034F052C57" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FFC97B6B5AD7EF728FBB71391DCD032E" pageId="2" pageNumber="371">So far only known from southwestern India (Fig. 11).</paragraph>
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<mods:title id="D4F73ED34797209E789C9333018DA2C2">Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="239F8DB0521194A95002B9776C8F6F17">
<mods:date id="4598506058A0B7DF207D916023E5D4FA">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="76EDC736C4D9C3D71E93C05479DE5B95" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="808C439A9681622231A97D03B0BAF2A6">2023-12-12</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0DE688C35E3189C7531975F5B94EDE4F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5B8D12FEA4CD6C94DE22089ECD2D0D8E">11</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="680A8458D0CA38262B4E28565A339369">102637</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="3499AD60FEF3241A6148633B9E94A61A">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e102637</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="5C5A2F89310576C83848051EDF97C748" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e102637</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="38DED6B3EF5C7597DF546F1088EE6703" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-11-e102637</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName id="D7A2D5FC275EFAC974B091A1F78C9E55" ID-CoL="GR27" LSID="F2CEE60C-3A06-5414-9630-0B37E5EF091B" authority="Stal, 1877" authorityName="Stål" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Eremiaphilidae" genus="Ariusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariusia conspersa" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="102637" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersa">
Ariusia conspersa
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, 1877
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<paragraph id="119E685976A1E21FFC303452DF905841" pageId="0" pageNumber="102637">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE95BC6CE1943A5412AD6DEF4777FDF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="102637">NAM, ZIM</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F43374E683C943D09114691A16E7B5E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="102637">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="005AE7BDE084BC19080370F73C47304F" pageId="0" pageNumber="102637">ID: N. Moulin 2018. (NMB)</paragraph>
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