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<document id="798480103B3F58F7F467CF221221683D" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69f5d98b-5562-4cdc-a990-9a0cc9302ccf" ModsDocID="z00825p001" checkinTime="1247125301139" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Tomas Hrbek, Donald C. Taphorn &amp; Jamie E. Thomerson" docDate="2005" docId="A83A052FEF4A767D8DC2027D6E15D9FE" docLanguage="en" docName="2005_Hrbek_Taphorn_Thomerson_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 825" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A65C9E57-187D-4503-AD3A-E7E4135A77BF" docTitle="Austrofundulus leoni Hrbek, Taphorn &amp; Thomerson, 2005, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="1A32491D-43B3-42CF-8DA4-6CDEA02DBC1B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="81945911962C5F203E583D2D1C6ACEE1" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny of Austrofundulus Myers (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with revision of the genus and the description of four new species." masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1701314093645" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A68F3055FE83892136EF06C30E1EC61E">
<mods:title id="E87A19CE41C2EF7D16C0BF93E541DE84">Molecular phylogeny of Austrofundulus Myers (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with revision of the genus and the description of four new species.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1BE45E501064F2D9F781D7C8DE6D8AD2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="50E5871B066C583293A5B8C27A7D73C0">Tomas Hrbek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77B5303347C1FECFB56EDB78B73729F6">Donald C. Taphorn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="610A140DD3A548059AAD3CDC6A7E70CF">Jamie E. Thomerson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0FADAF16095DD0BCC13A80901237BD42">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8624D7043A74FFB07346718B1825FE3F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3978864C2579587BDC2C24E4483DF2AA">
<mods:date id="2920FA0A9015C92EEB38572C25F47001">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="19104DF8EA6DFD5A1D35A62871BE7265" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CA5479E9BA4ACFF3927C6B3C16265D3B">825</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="04C4F3BF5EFBB84BAA06583F12EBDA06">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A48597A1601FC74AF57E88C52778663F" type="Plazi-Custom">z00825p001</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3438162AE4AC17BCA620C319152E0012" type="ZooBank">A65C9E57-187D-4503-AD3A-E7E4135A77BF</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A83A052FEF4A767D8DC2027D6E15D9FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6264940" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6264940" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A32491D-43B3-42CF-8DA4-6CDEA02DBC1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A83A052FEF4A767D8DC2027D6E15D9FE" lastPageNumber="28" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="15DCE45EA83AE022817B433EC431E912" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D8BE7EFEE92B0D47480A664C72E04CF2" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="C2BBC211A918C27197B6597CF836F27D" ID-CoL="JWJK" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A32491D-43B3-42CF-8DA4-6CDEA02DBC1B" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus leoni Hrbek, Taphorn &amp; Thomerson 2005:25" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">Austrofundulus leoni</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="382F5167405746E94D7DA01D30E2BB1E" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EC3ACBECE8AC3AAB3C217C732258492" type="description">
<paragraph id="D639188046DC7C380F7CD14ECE8DE30C" pageNumber="25">Figures 12 and 13</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84477B2E3B7722531CED4EDBFE71EEBD" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3C66A065C14DC59564DBB82AA536C5C1" pageNumber="25">
Holotype. FMNH 108225 (ex FMNH 85268). Adult male (28.2 mm) collected in a small temporary pond approximately 5 km from the junction of the road to Machiques between Macoa and
<normalizedToken id="4CB4929005161FED934ED5E66C56A373" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Yasa; collected by J. Thomerson and F. Mago on 26 June 1972.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38D1FC3A6A99400738D3E52FAD28AE1D" type="multiple">
<caption id="2BC1C1FF4F3ED2919F3D9444A271DC17">
<paragraph id="E9D8462EC8D88B669AF3B94C5AB5913D" pageNumber="25">
FIGURE 12. Photo of
<taxonomicName id="4BA00700F9BE6F9B81BE9448244ED5D7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A32491D-43B3-42CF-8DA4-6CDEA02DBC1B" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus leoni Hrbek, Taphorn &amp; Thomerson 2005:25" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">Austrofundulus leoni</taxonomicName>
FMNH 108225 (male holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8ACD887DD3200176B017AD266C4847DB">
<paragraph id="EA30BB045EA78F4245FD9EFA48FD2795" pageNumber="26">
<pageStartToken id="81AB4F71E854260C04526158297920B5" pageNumber="26">FIGURE</pageStartToken>
13. Photo of a male
<taxonomicName id="3731A9EEA1A4E94173B6E0D962A0B0C2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A32491D-43B3-42CF-8DA4-6CDEA02DBC1B" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus leoni Hrbek, Taphorn &amp; Thomerson 2005:25" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">Austrofundulus leoni</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC3646396FAD031BDE7F7B9931B4BEB" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="33749190104B0A77E2AC17A11702A145" pageNumber="26">
Paratypes. FMNH 85268, ten additional specimens collected with the holotype. FMNH 85724, twenty six specimens Venezuela, Zulia collected in a temporary pond 5 km north of Campo Mara, 25 June 1972, J. E. Thomerson. MCNG 33448, six specimens Venezuela, Zulia, Libertad,
<normalizedToken id="F77231C1B60C8C423138359604539F62" originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
antes de la Hacienda Las Mercedes, 22 July 1974, C. Lilyestrom, D. Spiers, V. Sabril, DISCA74-128. MCNG 39145, one specimen Venezuela, Zulia,
<normalizedToken id="110F8A31136C83872F1BC90569261A5A" originalValue="Perijá">Perija</normalizedToken>
, Saliendo de la
<normalizedToken id="20D2500A4EC6B71155B6EEFCC4A73427" originalValue="poblaciôn">poblacion</normalizedToken>
de Sartaneja, 10° 6' 35” N, 72° 19' 7” W, O. Leon. MCNG 39146, six specimens, same data as 39145. MCNG 39147, four specimens Venezuela, Zulia,
<normalizedToken id="948BD80D3165107C4F2A027BF3D8E876" originalValue="Préstamo">Prestamo</normalizedToken>
cerca de la Hacienda el Japon, 30 June 1978, D. Taphorn, E. Sutton.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D76BBBD7D77DD20B9BD83AF60B105CCF" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F71CA5D7A176396CC95B21F5D543D628" pageNumber="26">
Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all species of
<taxonomicName id="06E734D73F6F9057A40AF0D2F20D74DB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A12D02B2-18D2-450F-B6ED-A28984BAD110" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus Myers 1932:159" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrofundulus</taxonomicName>
by strong reddish-brownish background body color observed in all sexually mature males. Relative to other species, the caudal peduncle is slender. The caudal fin is also large and slender with long extensions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9CF283BF010EC180BFE27A8CB7E17FB" type="description">
<paragraph id="6CC145D54B951CF8569DEE5CDCB30918" lastPageNumber="27" pageNumber="26">
Description. Males have a reddish-brown colored background in the dorsal fin with several curved rows of dark brown spots. Basal spots are large, often joining into irregular or oblong flecks. The dorsal often has long fin ray extensions. The dorsal fin of females is unpatterned, with clear or light gray background. The background color of the males’ caudal fin is reddish, with grayish overtones towards the posterior section of the fin. There are numerous indistinct dull gray spots randomly dispersed on the caudal fin. The distal edge has a weak blue-black terminal edge. Both the dorsal and the ventral edge of the caudal fin extend to form a long “lyre-tail”. Females have a light grayish translucent caudal fin. The anal fin of males is patterned similarly to the dorsal fin. The background color is brownreddish with a few large indistinct gray flecks in the basal half of the anal fin. The large gray flecks coalesce and become darker to form a blue-black distal margin. The base of the anal fin is creamy white, grading into this same color on the belly. The anal fin often has a long extension. The anal fin of females is clear or light gray, with a few faint basal spots. The pectoral fins of males are uniformly translucent brownish-red with a grayish edge. The pelvic fins of males are similar to the pattern found on the anal fin. The background color is brownish-red with a few large dull gray spots in the basal portion of the fin,
<pageStartToken id="59BAAA6334278E8D65A410CE02235158" pageNumber="27">although</pageStartToken>
in some males the spots are absent. The base of the pelvic fin is almost white, and blends with the color of the belly. Females have translucent, light gray pectoral and pelvic fins. The basic background color is brownish-red with gray overtones. Few dull light gray to almost white spots are present in the posterior two thirds of the body, while the anterior one third of the body has several dark brown to black colored spots. Just above, and across the opercle, the spots are arranged into several diagonal rows. The ventrum is light gray to almost white, without spots, while the dorsum is darker than the rest of the body. In females, the sides are light brown to light gray colored. The body is not spotted. As in males, the abdomen of females is lighter than the rest of the body, while the dorsum is darker. An indistinct black bar passes through the eye of both sexes, passing obliquely through the eye onto the head posteriorly above and anteriorly below the eye. The iris is silver. The upper portion of the head is dark gray, the lower light gray to cream. In females the head is predominantly gray or olive dorsally, and lighter ventrally. A few iridescent golden scales are present on the males’ opercle, which has an overall yellowish tone. For meristics and morphometrics see Table 7.
<taxonomicName id="6CFA75B6C47319EFDCBDA72ACCC2D903" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A32491D-43B3-42CF-8DA4-6CDEA02DBC1B" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus leoni Hrbek, Taphorn &amp; Thomerson 2005:25" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">Austrofundulus leoni</taxonomicName>
attains up to 29.4 mm. SL with a mean length of 26.0 mm SL. Females reach up to 33.6 mm. SL with a mean length of 25.9 mm SL.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1535037355860ACA1E91BB6610DCB268">
<paragraph id="27CA2180F4EED85FFA637CD729B6312B" pageNumber="27">
TABLE 7. Meristics and morphometrics of
<taxonomicName id="7204F510E420535F332CD2F6AAF8AEF6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A32491D-43B3-42CF-8DA4-6CDEA02DBC1B" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus leoni Hrbek, Taphorn &amp; Thomerson 2005:25" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">Austrofundulus leoni</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="50527F58FA1D49AE4940604578D71E90">
<table id="D48FF2E10062E10E2F7246518000CE53" border="0" frame="box" pageNumber="27" rules="all">
<tr id="444B4A85641829A6D4BB3BE4864EFB09" pageNumber="27">
<td id="F812D30ED486A971AB6AC652CD401433" colspan="4" pageNumber="27">males, n = 16</td>
<td id="E4BF9875A7CCE19696D6A6EF7F33D2A4" colspan="3" pageNumber="27">females, n = 16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="57CDE7C81EE10E98E893CDA420628294" pageNumber="27">
<td id="AFB356B8E1CFA478562B61B07CA62207" pageNumber="27">H</td>
<td id="193901C44D3B47AE105AB182CAFD349F" pageNumber="27">low</td>
<td id="9ADFF20A6A2D441064D61AC3FFD76DD3" pageNumber="27">high</td>
<td id="F739DBC2A91DC298938B3B7887249287" pageNumber="27">mean</td>
<td id="2F5DA651B9403F0EC06CFD55DF233308" pageNumber="27">low</td>
<td id="AE4A6F0D1523FE9A2ABF4C27CCFC1E6F" pageNumber="27">high</td>
<td id="665CF79D1D7E883212EC886A241BB064" pageNumber="27">mean</td>
</tr>
<tr id="69B9B0FEDB525FF6F7D40704594D5A49" pageNumber="27">
<td id="C6D1D42FC24B866A14AE2F1C5AA108C6" pageNumber="27">Standard Length (mm)</td>
<td id="B1D2397E0C637C93485C071E651246B9" pageNumber="27">28.8</td>
<td id="442CDF7887CDCDFACF5841DED0EF3E8F" pageNumber="27">27.9</td>
<td id="5B125284F01C6197790F1CDE0E0DFAF9" pageNumber="27">29.4</td>
<td id="5E0466192BBC129841D1A0BD48B48809" pageNumber="27">28.6</td>
<td id="F65AF09E069E52127A3C14C6705AD5B6" pageNumber="27">19.7</td>
<td id="00D17AEB4337D293E52FB6A3991D7CC0" pageNumber="27">30.7</td>
<td id="4221146F1AB97E99753E0738F0FFC6F9" pageNumber="27">25.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A796BCFB85933AEF92AD3D9BC1EB9BEE" pageNumber="27">
<td id="1CA7152FE53A35EA12ECB137397B3301" colspan="8" pageNumber="27">Meristics</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3E9A468EE82DC48E4A9A4C0FEF84ABD5" pageNumber="27">
<td id="77245432C1430E92E30A56266462EE2C" pageNumber="27">Dorsal rays</td>
<td id="471445250B3D0A4E5C4C2B0BF0097224" pageNumber="27">14</td>
<td id="C9FDD965F199898964BDAA8BDAE2D1D6" pageNumber="27">15</td>
<td id="BBE2BA7E77AB582B6F1475839960455C" pageNumber="27">14.5</td>
<td id="89F258D5F6F8ADD72FFD47D663606A39" pageNumber="27">14</td>
<td id="3738E6922DDB7362EC2E008FA04CF72B" pageNumber="27">15</td>
<td id="1E57212D77631D35C006291BE1033D55" pageNumber="27">14.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D951DA9E05821B9149B10CB1608097D7" pageNumber="27">
<td id="D83F7338367621B35EC9B0D8444B2AC9" pageNumber="27">Anal rays</td>
<td id="7025B51F5E7AC4DEB685401515AB9297" pageNumber="27">16</td>
<td id="6AB2C2689EBB3452B161B7BA2C9D64BF" pageNumber="27">18</td>
<td id="601806D8A2910B13A754E9D7058FA2FB" pageNumber="27">17.0</td>
<td id="63DC5E515BF97CAD65822458BADC81C6" pageNumber="27">16</td>
<td id="CDAEE0D2185B5DC4C4790E3E1B12234C" pageNumber="27">17</td>
<td id="2743052F8688C9997FED8BFC14F627B8" pageNumber="27">16.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="88390B5D8707656DB8F7BC03724F33EE" pageNumber="27">
<td id="E8F6DF6ADFA082C7CBE15C611A77CF9C" pageNumber="27">Pectoral rays</td>
<td id="3590E6152B2DA19B62672A9455A93BC2" pageNumber="27">14</td>
<td id="29BE64129EAE1363EB8D0E75CA1C2287" pageNumber="27">16</td>
<td id="3EBF70E37CA3C007E1EA21512BDB4188" pageNumber="27">15.0</td>
<td id="3454A6664FA74DBB8982E21CD8646F7C" pageNumber="27">16</td>
<td id="FDB6FDFB45502CB90E1D27D3D70D9E42" pageNumber="27">16</td>
<td id="1B918C54425547DF2B27A2F4F725BA53" pageNumber="27">16.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AC020CE588F75B30C60DFF2A04E48895" pageNumber="27">
<td id="B99D6DFC0AAD31402427F6114E17E396" pageNumber="27">Lateral scales</td>
<td id="9276CE7ABE14487CA521E423EF95F929" pageNumber="27">31</td>
<td id="30279E319222A1582AE7B0C7A4706967" pageNumber="27">33</td>
<td id="F9E6D1E8D7A2B66498171A870FF66811" pageNumber="27">32.0</td>
<td id="69925BFC39F1DF450DF5B865BB6B415E" pageNumber="27">32</td>
<td id="5CD25AB19FF99F8BD2EB415C4090E325" pageNumber="27">33</td>
<td id="1B29AD1C8E7BA2730A7DEAFC59E44B6F" pageNumber="27">32.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5A1CDFB3E495648AA7D2F02DD1B3FD6C" pageNumber="27">
<td id="C851A1890B91CC3543B7911C88E3DDCA" pageNumber="27">Transverse scales</td>
<td id="E8B93324F2F0321ABF271D440E861777" pageNumber="27">11</td>
<td id="46BA7FFA71C89A6FDB5DD89D8131E9BC" pageNumber="27">13</td>
<td id="4C62D397E6512030305ECCF1B31880C7" pageNumber="27">12.0</td>
<td id="43935B602CCBD3332B19D858C9EA3992" pageNumber="27">12</td>
<td id="4B46E5FD469B8A25FBF789CDD375F230" pageNumber="27">13</td>
<td id="49BB916B4AAF69669EFE9CF3080E477D" pageNumber="27">12.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="24BF58A978261FD1666F25F7B3B7E137" pageNumber="27">
<td id="C8F0B20F843F1A5FB0EFBE9AFF132D71" pageNumber="27">Caudal peduncle scales</td>
<td id="C900AF4D7C8A2FB4B430455B11162C76" pageNumber="27">17</td>
<td id="9E065003D657848C851DFFC7427A2E08" pageNumber="27">19</td>
<td id="D1CAF8048476AA12C68A30EF5BFCA101" pageNumber="27">18.0</td>
<td id="9C183A402C2D3712A76F7500185B5663" pageNumber="27">16</td>
<td id="BC1B694BD27E5D18199C72FC6318D8C1" pageNumber="27">20</td>
<td id="96B69E8B9AA93A6F69FAB59D0CFEB910" pageNumber="27">18.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E2E4290B6EF2EA00A34CBC59EF6CF1DD" pageNumber="27">
<td id="6D1C94F0ACB3921D64739587B766C1E7" pageNumber="27">Breast scales</td>
<td id="BAB7BC942CAAF32D133892B0D1649F19" pageNumber="27">8</td>
<td id="965F9446408B3736949BE7FB2EE922EF" pageNumber="27">8</td>
<td id="CE7BA1A67EDC0354F3A547C2DEE31137" pageNumber="27">8.0</td>
<td id="AEA54FB276120C109FBACB4BB1C0DA3F" pageNumber="27">9</td>
<td id="FD1F906C9FEFAD992B76B9A46259395B" pageNumber="27">9</td>
<td id="85527D292E2648E5B509FDA2FC96D0DF" pageNumber="27">9.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="784AE683894766B261195C067AD5E46B" pageNumber="27">
<td id="2C3B04F19AEAE1719128BAC4D31D92AD" colspan="8" pageNumber="27">Morphometrics</td>
</tr>
<tr id="040CBAFB3C1F970CBE7D0A71ED122F74" pageNumber="27">
<td id="87DC1A22612163972291A2D239A39F3C" pageNumber="27">Greatest body depth</td>
<td id="F7951B58DB5465E79601238EE58ED509" pageNumber="27">.259</td>
<td id="E082BC2CCA7BCF024F052A0ADF9CD3B7" pageNumber="27">.296</td>
<td id="7EE2F193163CBD8068676D622B9DD3A5" pageNumber="27">.274</td>
<td id="F487215588E6E5C55A04118B3B3A6DC5" pageNumber="27">.236</td>
<td id="9D71131F6476082BCBC842954576ED11" pageNumber="27">.290</td>
<td id="0B7A8A3C8AE576006C3B6914D5FF2766" pageNumber="27">.260</td>
</tr>
<tr id="71F3F8E992BB267AB38388AE0D467EC0" pageNumber="27">
<td id="8A58FE5B60DD1C80BBF899C94A4DEBDB" pageNumber="27">Caudal peduncle depth</td>
<td id="3AFCA05A20B01E5E9930EF5F37473337" pageNumber="27">.127</td>
<td id="88BD718BB36A0061D69BF9F571F6A583" pageNumber="27">.153</td>
<td id="9CBA155AEFBC03490694F8BB48CD0C6A" pageNumber="27">.142</td>
<td id="E713D2844AB007B28B0869C945D4A4C1" pageNumber="27">.122</td>
<td id="A7A22550C2D5974E008F4A8280584721" pageNumber="27">.147</td>
<td id="65C5825F26AB0515F5197920EE561FDB" pageNumber="27">.138</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2022BB280F542547D312C85C2EAB9759" pageNumber="27">
<td id="3D74B51728865E612A11964285124BDD" pageNumber="27">Caudal peduncle length</td>
<td id="8758644F9EC713F1BE0DF72100D83DA7" pageNumber="27">.180</td>
<td id="B8253B0FCCE8AC47060DC5A5075C8E7C" pageNumber="27">.228</td>
<td id="64C07EBC81C5B21603672914BB547597" pageNumber="27">.199</td>
<td id="4B773390774AD2EF9A7762ADF9D148F7" pageNumber="27">.199</td>
<td id="50E48FECD3BCBBA7D5E8F32DE60BBD13" pageNumber="27">.236</td>
<td id="B3D0284CCE44139DBD7569733CEEBBF8" pageNumber="27">.212</td>
</tr>
<tr id="411544E6CFC417E4A9346B53E97074C0" pageNumber="27">
<td id="909211E2A8E597543A60C98192A28478" pageNumber="27">Head width</td>
<td id="94169B3FB675507B62B3AFA61C905963" pageNumber="27">.186</td>
<td id="0150C55C0D01F2762332419854DC31A1" pageNumber="27">.234</td>
<td id="5FD0B31B04B441AAEB8C36B844235641" pageNumber="27">.210</td>
<td id="C3FA4AB5BE822166C2F84471DD2173AE" pageNumber="27">.180</td>
<td id="8008CA2B7B888362A39368D9029E3084" pageNumber="27">.218</td>
<td id="54119C5ADFBF7E2BB147667E1D1C63CD" pageNumber="27">.202</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E60BDFB678EA0B6935390250B9478B9A" pageNumber="27">
<td id="8ADB4FA922CA2F1286ADD4AFE8306506" pageNumber="27">Head depth</td>
<td id="A96481952199887B4A82BEA35A44C699" pageNumber="27">.171</td>
<td id="4096A6780BC38E50B22054306E0B1E14" pageNumber="27">.216</td>
<td id="598C4239DBEAF66EA2F6CCD6ABAF329E" pageNumber="27">.195</td>
<td id="6EA48994C4290AA3EF744B2E663A0C51" pageNumber="27">.165</td>
<td id="109E57AB9B9CEB510A908CAE7BA82234" pageNumber="27">.203</td>
<td id="52C2EC41FF2E00F4DEC952966CB32F90" pageNumber="27">.186</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C707E38D7EA81D90B1B414F4456651B0" pageNumber="27">
<td id="133A18C06F080EFB3D03D0DB0F724F02" pageNumber="27">Head length</td>
<td id="683764203B15A316661F02B3C74A289A" pageNumber="27">.333</td>
<td id="641365D14B435EDF3D361DB40D02571C" pageNumber="27">.366</td>
<td id="2859CE41DDCA696F2CD9118009F05408" pageNumber="27">.352</td>
<td id="AD43D53168126BD88318AEE344135070" pageNumber="27">.327</td>
<td id="9AFDD06E5A5B66E9BD26FCB858413A05" pageNumber="27">.366</td>
<td id="31E31B1F5EA5BFD33E7ACDF1D40F6F97" pageNumber="27">.350</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0ACFBEC86BE404B75C7D29C2A888C5EF" pageNumber="27">
<td id="B85F8EDE46742A12E7B356F4EEA3BE10" pageNumber="27">Snout length</td>
<td id="9248A81446D242129B729B53F67E0DDD" pageNumber="27">.041</td>
<td id="33A984367F98EECE1D13004EDA5ADC22" pageNumber="27">.060</td>
<td id="756013BD9BBC105D73AEADAE0E6250FF" pageNumber="27">.048</td>
<td id="ED6A8DF70E186FDA2158AB75A62C5BBD" pageNumber="27">.039</td>
<td id="3C3FE8D86B30684446E11BE74908CEFF" pageNumber="27">.059</td>
<td id="B1362978063FCE467B1D3EAD0E0D345F" pageNumber="27">. 049</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<footnote id="0EEFFE232A8897E13EAFCE25B8EBF866">
<paragraph id="78BD531E89EA04FD355087CF1082CFF3" pageNumber="27">...... continued on the next page</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption id="D212D308B9BA49DC8DA7F0E5483F77FB">
<paragraph id="18FB83DCD6DEFC6D409DA80CB53630B4" pageNumber="28">
<pageStartToken id="848EF1A0AA2DC58D1134D53948069525" pageNumber="28">TABLE</pageStartToken>
7 continued
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="706D97B1E617172275E888A98483B010">
<table id="5E4179B45687E820D48D1A0DF01D6F50" border="0" frame="box" pageNumber="28" rules="all">
<tr id="96411D301C19B76EB9B9D8C9300ED689" pageNumber="28">
<td id="2FB754C14B8256B4F4A99E685051924C" colspan="3" pageNumber="28">males, n = 16</td>
<td id="8A8B8DFF8A493E09C0B11427EC53CC95" colspan="3" pageNumber="28">females, n = 16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="82D692F781BD6982652FBCAD327263B1" pageNumber="28">
<td id="E772F059413501B0F4FC12E0FB38E486" pageNumber="28">H</td>
<td id="FC94713CE88E4FF7166B4EE06D61E940" pageNumber="28">low</td>
<td id="1366619033EEBFCCFCC2A22CE79FBD65" pageNumber="28">high</td>
<td id="7FA7882FC1D2EDDDFC3EFBE329266845" pageNumber="28">mean</td>
<td id="745009912C5606126198A62AF1FB7ED8" pageNumber="28">low</td>
<td id="9039A4294EC5F17C760E4DBC94025DF8" pageNumber="28">high</td>
<td id="23C6F76250731522D8F444992DDCAE04" pageNumber="28">mean</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7897C6414DCEA2B897BE10D7887C50E3" pageNumber="28">
<td id="A43B66A9B8C1BC2FAD9E989FD0881B6D" pageNumber="28">Eye diameter</td>
<td id="AEE7CE4AC951EB37D3997C46A47AFB3D" pageNumber="28">.090</td>
<td id="1732EE2A9784AD9ACA246F8C308869DA" pageNumber="28">.116</td>
<td id="FBD54DD9B78617828549A304514D4E53" pageNumber="28">.098</td>
<td id="74701749711ACC9BE4498E97F63BAE36" pageNumber="28">.092</td>
<td id="E24B0445EB47D126DDC7AE363CC7CEE8" pageNumber="28">.124</td>
<td id="422CDE91E54EF3DE497601A4FD68A870" pageNumber="28">.106</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C81E83A9D5E3D1D6B04C606FC34BCA94" pageNumber="28">
<td id="4E469D2E89A8B526CC33F30567D31564" pageNumber="28">Predorsal length</td>
<td id="5FC07EE799F0CF8FA04761F2CADFE628" pageNumber="28">.636</td>
<td id="E873DB7754C091F152918C3C60CB99B3" pageNumber="28">.700</td>
<td id="D2F740A9EF1C21B83049D5EF8F3F8513" pageNumber="28">.670</td>
<td id="1D748C6B1A902D19859F5FBD11BDC5AD" pageNumber="28">.635</td>
<td id="2E8ACB6457029F4431FDB8CEDEF089BC" pageNumber="28">.717</td>
<td id="7342323499C6F57321DEDBAF47C6B230" pageNumber="28">.672</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8EF6225722F935D717168768494DEEF0" pageNumber="28">
<td id="A6496BAA9A18C97668B045B04A49B688" pageNumber="28">Preanal length</td>
<td id="8E1D3B94CAE6B9E2A342AF4DBD9FBA36" pageNumber="28">.578</td>
<td id="E7906AD49B9013DA32CDBF946279B757" pageNumber="28">.640</td>
<td id="71FA1AF815116FCC7F1D480A1B2EC73E" pageNumber="28">.602</td>
<td id="1BF2D46C96E5E13B23B1D52C93F38E6F" pageNumber="28">.583</td>
<td id="9C5596378EF4CE0E2C229561324DEC3A" pageNumber="28">.654</td>
<td id="9C4F885B4ECA6EBB7E111303064A0BBB" pageNumber="28">.620</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BB7041D6D70EF85AD99CD296B675F743" pageNumber="28">
<td id="F6BAD346B23EB1A1194E26219F9D0F1D" pageNumber="28">Dorsal fin base length</td>
<td id="3BBD073337B473B99A9CC6A8A15004BD" pageNumber="28">.140</td>
<td id="30B08903CFE35801F7E304CF50273B51" pageNumber="28">.196</td>
<td id="7A90E38312E793B07CE6A19A86CEAEB6" pageNumber="28">.174</td>
<td id="0A468825DA4BC25AFEDAA0588ED2C1D0" pageNumber="28">.148</td>
<td id="39CE4FD59F1F205E00E7A2B05A379549" pageNumber="28">.198</td>
<td id="C25F267ABD4B76364E3D9FCC86C9C7B0" pageNumber="28">.173</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D4A0D2167525B5A472A207B3243CC000" pageNumber="28">
<td id="DBD8068DC45189D1BA89A3BE7607E388" pageNumber="28">Anal fin base length</td>
<td id="B528370F6EDE5B42A3AAC5342A095837" pageNumber="28">.161</td>
<td id="63C2D627D1B088B9E720930BBCEE3451" pageNumber="28">.216</td>
<td id="8B30F56C5722D5F9860C87CC055A3C7E" pageNumber="28">.198</td>
<td id="388E75D5A6F7516E81B8709A1ED69148" pageNumber="28">.166</td>
<td id="C3DC39B9EA8A31B328447E5F2D87ECF6" pageNumber="28">.204</td>
<td id="D2400966BE416C061ED03A1CB39F52CF" pageNumber="28">.186</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C25D1B69A946049C92316D5E719C50BC" pageNumber="28">
<td id="0BA3716F348659D137234FD20A433453" pageNumber="28">Dorsal fin length</td>
<td id="59A57AD3F9ECEB4B03058B08E367D444" pageNumber="28">.254</td>
<td id="6C78ADCA44EE5DF5C617E54DFC6BCF29" pageNumber="28">.386</td>
<td id="071208371D4CBDE21037A4AFB38E60BD" pageNumber="28">.329</td>
<td id="74ADA91ED5243F15092EFB2DB2FB2E72" pageNumber="28">.294</td>
<td id="6E2AF3C1733FFE2E25750CF77E9BAC73" pageNumber="28">.349</td>
<td id="6887ED5B92A681F4E08061E85BABFBFF" pageNumber="28">.324</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9545C687907CFECCE595D3178B156432" pageNumber="28">
<td id="1DDEC14021199D115020458C0F92C62E" pageNumber="28">Anal fin length</td>
<td id="6341E48FA56B434AEC8BC31F788BADA6" pageNumber="28">.271</td>
<td id="4A472ED9D99AA54FA29CC27A6ABFDED2" pageNumber="28">.421</td>
<td id="DE3737CFB5F299477257AF38DFAD82C0" pageNumber="28">.361</td>
<td id="D24873069B0EF393AC64033154C45311" pageNumber="28">.294</td>
<td id="AB29842F224B6A974EF881E463576614" pageNumber="28">.390</td>
<td id="998C55F82B794369B042670A7A507C47" pageNumber="28">.336</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4EB6E48C00D7C866DF5E9944B2AAF03E" pageNumber="28">
<td id="5414ECB8AA4BCAA564CA31FCF7B7A9E9" pageNumber="28">Pectoral fin length</td>
<td id="AECEF0B8C8EAAF574B5DEB57FC19B644" pageNumber="28">.141</td>
<td id="D86843A493B5CA039ACB455EB48E6466" pageNumber="28">.286</td>
<td id="555F0C80CEA504AAAC9E733D517B08F6" pageNumber="28">.229</td>
<td id="72CB71F5D4F916CC04C461ABF037C907" pageNumber="28">.199</td>
<td id="F40A5FAA0FC2CC58969267787D210D52" pageNumber="28">.268</td>
<td id="B969963F71BD1D759F54713D7F747ED6" pageNumber="28">.228</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8D6F6F6D168183C7F61B930C7E4ADE3" pageNumber="28">
<td id="61903BF33A5FDD463AAC5C193AFAC47C" pageNumber="28">Pelvic fin length</td>
<td id="83E18E278EFE302F89E05C733039E529" pageNumber="28">.111</td>
<td id="95DAA9E113435CF4A500E4A91F021724" pageNumber="28">.153</td>
<td id="CE1082FDB9FB73303083D97A9243E0F3" pageNumber="28">.130</td>
<td id="4D6499BC4D28184BF5FD0D829BDDF25D" pageNumber="28">.091</td>
<td id="90C5713BCAB9717F5149A6E640E37EC9" pageNumber="28">.142</td>
<td id="23FFD8988E78E6CB7B358824978328FD" pageNumber="28">. 126</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DE8CF7AA2248BFC51AB5CD078FCDA147" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="33635071CD9DDB4EC597ACBEA0275701" pageNumber="28">
Etymology. From Latin leo (lion) for its large size and majestic nature, and for the family
<normalizedToken id="5CD226183D3F033259BE521ACE98DE83" originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
Mata who has been instrumental to conducting research in the Maracaibo basin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D5DFAA8DC4E9CA557DE7AEECFC8EC71" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8E95145AB78CB6A3A8BEEF8F34D1076F" pageNumber="28">
Distribution. This species is distributed in the western and southwestern lowlands of the Lake Maracaibo basin. In the north it is replaced by
<taxonomicName id="F7053B8A03E7B73D76012384E0C55140" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5296A982-361A-462D-8BE0-07FBCC6F149D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus guajira Hrbek, Taphorn &amp; Thomerson 2005:28" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guajira">A. guajira</taxonomicName>
which occurs in Venezuela only near the border with Colombia and across the Guajira peninsula. Specimens collected from the drainage of the
<normalizedToken id="60142253A14B28BFFF6990483F0B083A" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="04F126CD32B667C295A99B44F36CA231" originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
have all proved to be
<taxonomicName id="738460EFA492331E23B817DBFCF4A1B2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A32491D-43B3-42CF-8DA4-6CDEA02DBC1B" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrofundulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrofundulus leoni Hrbek, Taphorn &amp; Thomerson 2005:25" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoni">A. leoni</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<taxonomicName id="1297DA33860DC6411E0DD85EA2415188" ID-CoL="6Q99B" authority="All." authorityName="All." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ligusticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferulaceum">
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All.
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Art ISFS: 237500 Checklist: 1026790
<taxonomicName id="363C299C1970BF25B2956C725EBEF5AF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3E1FAADCC85B8B4C2BBFAD50312DD129" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ligusticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ligusticum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2486785A744CC221F4B2C79651944DE7" authority="All." authorityName="All." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ligusticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferulaceum">Ligusticum ferulaceum All.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="549A2E7E9DD71802653242EBBDF2A95C">
<heading id="C705A4C938C7C6E1F449568E6D4E5532">Zusammenfassung</heading>
KEINE ANGABE
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38AD2A9FF879639B5FC9BFF22A1EEE6F">
<heading id="488155D342AD6746F49073B4B13C2660">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
nach
<bibRefCitation id="66251C1B2069CAC95E65F81A7C8DB747" author="Delarze, R. &amp; Gonseth, Y. &amp; Eggenberger, S. &amp; Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze &amp; al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06F8C01E81592D67539E9E68E1DB87F6">
<table id="C5E26833E2E7FD0B5161AFFFBD6D2C9E" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="566DF4E5BABA9C6673F8DB7142437A10">
<td id="845D2B85ED8A8273AB78B7A4BD64851F">
<tbody id="6B79BB95324E803A41864667EA56EEA1">KEINE ANGABE</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1773F5127FF85ADDAD546323592C31CB" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="082AFCE56A5CD165831F359450C5E7E5">
<normalizedToken id="AAAAEC13A0E0F6C8E4C513B88A209988" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="B3AE8D62981D821B3943B9541BEAC2E5" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C815C8AC595580319325EC3EFA525D1">
<table id="6F83013CBB0E19B54E8B03F32408618A" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="05BBBF80DD55F72F7E5137BCD2820D72">
<tr id="53243E3E68625B7C92E7BEFDC7F44140">
<th id="C3B493F8F12B4B144628C220E3168A56" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="B741C0FB9B9B75C93A9C9301F519CB3A" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3EBC9D9AC97B0EC5EB48B04B33716773" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="D979CA321D4676795A0566C983E96B3A" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="856D5E0E4A2FA3A4CC5654492E5813C0" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="2197E96450DB01B2171E1B02C9AD39FB" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="160DDE0B768C2C2DF1CFC79E8C21A743">
<td id="7153999C7AC387FC89C9C75F80BA4824">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="2EF41B1D4DA13C9F171ACEFD86818733" style="text-align:left;width:100px">--</td>
<td id="2797E572CF7B78B583DEBE2C6809D6D5">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="3EEFAF20F06B3E724FD55EF7CC319630" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
<td id="C04C4739DCE62DCFBA02DB543B360ACB">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="7EAF8665C28BE3A4E269E69CF5831D8B" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="39A33A671EBA8DE90637E3DAE3DEE70E">
<td id="FC37B99876AB46DB30E6C50C7ACFDCA0">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="A7E93330CF12A1BABD3BFACE05689C3B" style="text-align:left">--</td>
<td id="A151E0553784955AC91D8F0A6DD0EB52">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="A0DEF152442C99CE4FA670AC442D7962" style="text-align:left">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FE03716B5E895FC9F4FF096E76DA5C85">
<td id="678B631C6C3F019BAFCC7235E9000B72">
<normalizedToken id="E00D05DE6933EED16447FDA0D6FCCDBF" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="01A28D9E387F1CE735605BBAC2293840" style="text-align:left">--</td>
<td id="006793931DF53890C85D4CF6700250D7">
<normalizedToken id="9F5F2F18083FAC83F7E7B5DB62AF621D" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="4FC7F4B811D153D87B85E811135E5CAF" style="text-align:left">--</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FEEE1096653A9757D8DE20B9211AE102" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AB2450D9FF91864F8C4F8F2C98EFB212">
<heading id="B4523BC5A1FF34CCB6B0B2A1768B5E50">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01473CAEA1A94A55C64D80577EB3619A">
<treatmentCitation id="2545E171D6A0FE412C11D30B075A44BF">
<heading id="7ED889F42B80357981708F259F3EE026">
<normalizedToken id="3257A59CFFB3E9CC910A78B4125C5FAE" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
Name (
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)
</heading>
:
<taxonomicName id="150241559EC867372A4DBBAB9D719144" ID-CoL="6Q99B" authority="All." authorityName="All." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ligusticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferulaceum">
<emphasis id="326CDDE7609C8AA5BE47AD9A65C15394" italics="true">Ligusticum ferulaceum</emphasis>
All.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1002B566F3D1D179A6D4766FFFAA928B" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="382B5E9E5268CA50A07AA2B68F3F8E98">Volksname</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFAF1F984E83E70380F594FF0B68630B" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="005B143278A344F10297021CF6F55843">
Deutscher Name: -- Nom
<normalizedToken id="F009251F46CFC9EFACC3AF212D30ABA7" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
: -- Nome italiano: --
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6F8C4ACC1274A57ADA14DB4AB1E8FCAC" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6931BF03B8F9DF089D061B37CF037B4F">
<normalizedToken id="1AB58F4C69501B89CC37EE242C0949D9" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
mit anderen Referenzwerken
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="32F9795A6EFC2D7ACF84010EF63B40C7">
<table id="7FDC1A0799575422DFA7E6E0A2236932" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="24E53EBB341747D24A16082849C10F0C">
<tr id="F7C4982F6450523FF342AFE62CA6420F">
<th id="8BBF24E8237EBB58C17F667661B5F943" width="80px">Relation</th>
<th id="A99C68F2004DC42CD3313EAA5C5CD254">Nom</th>
<th id="6DA2EFA0432D42B96304548B816E9345">Referenzwerke</th>
<th id="09B1A35612EEB2C1054A806EAA012A21" width="90px">No</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35983EB8BBE2390379CE2C381CE8E3B9">
<td id="AFAB9C553F3409FC690AB6A9CA8C54C4" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="74B6D00F4494A5F3ECAA7D88B385CFC3">
<taxonomicName id="7E88E0646CDB9CC7B3D06EF28263704B" authority="All." authorityName="All." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ligusticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferulaceum">Ligusticum ferulaceum All.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="6C6419D7B719975F36E8A0ED3158A167">
<treatmentCitation id="2356E0441E09D455ED4488687044B47B">
<bibRefCitation id="739F9E49480DF5DD0BD0BE064BAC74CF" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="C64DD4BC064D0247A8D5D0AF846DFF1F">237500</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72C791B70E098D5F9FBB7533B9D40FD6">
<td id="CA6C3FC7FEC416B6227D0C05D9D5CAE8" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="2D65D824A3490F1A97AD92F0CA6C21CF">
<taxonomicName id="2937413BE8B5B68E442D66A270F4F829" authority="All." authorityName="All." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ligusticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferulaceum">Ligusticum ferulaceum All.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="A44F947838BC94B834D1719BF6A6E022">
<treatmentCitation id="94C3B2F04D2FC7506501E5847E4791D3">
<bibRefCitation id="9A43EAF988D0E41995CB299AADE72B7F">Index synonymique 1996</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="B392B7BB0E5B3D0CCFCEEDDAE54CE2D2">237500</td>
</tr>
<tr id="30D249BD0F9772B910BEE028AD618D48">
<td id="4C87A5F75C5A80E6BB1779EE72F993B2" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="F73F3AEA347F135B0BE8F9659F90578F">
<taxonomicName id="9F2204E0BF9749812194E51B3784EF9B" authority="All." authorityName="All." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ligusticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferulaceum">Ligusticum ferulaceum All.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="A497564AAB5BC1459BD30EE5EC7B997F">
<treatmentCitation id="2787E2B5DA5FB6626FC3A76E6974E4F6">
<bibRefCitation id="5CC25BCC557B1465A071CA0D2DBFBA07">Landolt 1977</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="E6E3B35AB85BD23BA70AD6DEE0172DC6">2253</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3FAB6A9F498EC35DB3F1AD641E732F30">
<td id="48917286947DB862C9B4FD8C7CE98423" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="FD2F8A4096BE4A3529F988CDD4BE5E8F">
<taxonomicName id="64643DD9050B12354BCBD0B1D4D1A3F3" authority="All." authorityName="All." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ligusticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferulaceum">Ligusticum ferulaceum All.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="6D7D8C7BA9A75CBF446782E8E1B68C79">
<treatmentCitation id="9A9A194032364016F47FC9AFF4B4D1C7">
<bibRefCitation id="60A02E3BA5227C47DE935837B285E184">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="7E423AA534266879E97F07E41602E654">237500</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72645E0CC100EFA0A564E9766B1EAE5">
<tableNote id="C34DFEF807100C5D2C1FF1DDB0ADCF55">
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
<normalizedToken id="FA9261166EDFFD33C9ACE4B946648B3F" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8C1250F92C25A2768B055A79EF6277B7" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) &lt;Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="ADCA057ACAC71C0381115161E6B5CACC" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) enthalten&gt; Taxon
<normalizedToken id="35DB38AF5341F84135BE14E643A001C8" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="97A35E81FE1370D77FB336E9BD6068F7" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6C1C14FA7FD90C41B5A0F3BF487B085A" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="3294BD2FD313CCC7BAD380EC88208B42">
<heading id="83F9E8606E261318C89C7845217A28B5">Status Indigenat</heading>
: -
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="368C45EF746D19239A8247929A3A6FE3">
<emphasis id="B53BDBF3169BFDDFF1189C133EC62F30" bold="true">
<heading id="244E600FF48793B50291AAFA1C0DE1AA">
Liste der
<normalizedToken id="F6457689B6A112D2ED0DD34342405950" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
Pflanzen IUCN
</heading>
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="19E8B2A71E3DEA72B095DA8C01F738DE" author="Walter, K.S. &amp; Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter &amp; Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Nein
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

105
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/67F30A3A-308C-46E9-8A1C-755DA0D9920B" class="Anthozoa" family="Flabellidae" genus="Truncatoflabellum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Truncatoflabellum duncani" order="Scleractinia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="duncani">Truncatoflabellum duncani</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Fig. 8C
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Flabellidae" genus="Flabellum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellum candeanum" order="Scleractinia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="candeanum">Flabellum candeanum</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Duncan, PM" journalOrPublisher="The Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="161 - 168" title="A description of some fossil corals and echinoderms from the south-Australian Tertiaries." volume="14" year="1864">Duncan 1864</bibRefCitation>
: 163;
<bibRefCitation author="Duncan, PM" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="284 - 318" title="On the fossil corals (Madreporaria) of the Australian Tertiary deposits." url="10.1144/GSL.JGS.1870.026.01-02.27" volume="26" year="1870">1870</bibRefCitation>
: 300, pl. 20, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Flabellidae" genus="Truncatoflabellum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Truncatoflabellum candeanum" order="Scleractinia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="candeanum">Truncatoflabellum candeanum</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 136" title="A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Philippine Islands and adjacent waters, Part 1: Fungiacyathidae, Micrabaciidae, Turbinoliinae, Guyniidae, and Flabellidae." url="10.5479/si.00810282.486" volume="486" year="1989 b">Cairns 1989b</bibRefCitation>
: 61, pl. 36i-j.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Holotype: USGS 10809, Mornington,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Balcombe’s">Balcombe's</normalizedToken>
Bay, Victoria, Balcombian (Middle Miocene), USNM M353592. Paratypes: Muddy Creek, Victoria, Balcombian (Middle Miocene), 3 specimens, USNM 67959; Torquay,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Balcombe’s">Balcombe's</normalizedToken>
Bay, Victoria, Janjukian (Late Oligocene), 1 specimen, USNM 1295618; 3 miles (=4.8 km) west of river Gellibrand,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Otway’s">Otway's</normalizedToken>
region, Victoria, &quot;Murray Tertiaries&quot; (probably Middle Miocene) (specimen reported by Duncan, 1864, 1870), BM.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The anthocyathus has straight rounded thecal edges, with an edge angle of 54-72° and face angle of about 27°. The holotype is 30.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
18.1 mm in calicular diameter and 28.5 mm in height, with a greater scar diameter of 8.7 mm, similar in size to the specimen reported by Duncan. The GCD:LCD ratio is 1.5-2.1; the H:GCD = 0.95-1.05; and the GSD:GCD is about 0.27, with the scar reaching as long as 12 mm. Four or five pairs of prominent flattened thecal edge spines are present. The septa are quite regularly arranged in five cycles (S1-3&gt;S4&gt;S5), with one pair of S6 in each of the four end half-systems, resulting in 104 septa. The lower axial edges of the larger septa are only slightly sinuous, whereas the upper outer edges are gracefully attenuate, meeting the upper theca as low lamellae. The fossa is open, bordered by the axial edges of the wide S1-3. The anthocaulus is unknown.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene, Victoria.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
As suggested by the key,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Flabellidae" genus="Truncatoflabellum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Truncatoflabellum duncani" order="Scleractinia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="duncani">Truncatoflabellum duncani</taxonomicName>
is remarkably similar to
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Flabellidae" genus="Truncatoflabellum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Truncatoflabellum multispinosum" order="Scleractinia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multispinosum">Truncatoflabellum multispinosum</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished by its attenuated upper septal margins. It is also known only from the Oligocene to Miocene of Australia, whereas
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Flabellidae" genus="Truncatoflabellum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Truncatoflabellum multispinosum" order="Scleractinia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multispinosum">Truncatoflabellum multispinosum</taxonomicName>
is restricted to the Holocene and Late Pleistocene.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Named in honor Peter M. Duncan, who first discovered specimens belonging to this species.</paragraph>
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New record for Greece. Three specimens, Elafonisi, Crete,
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,
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, 1-5 m depth, fine to coarse sand, collected in the framework of the MEDCORE project (unpublished data from
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). Literature used for identification:
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<mods:identifier id="291E78EF659DFDFE41D4F31779598E67" type="Zenodo-Dep">5246747</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A83A879EFF8193195AE3FF57FD9CFC33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFF8193195AE3FF57FD9CFC33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A83A879EFF8193195AE3FF57FD9CFC33" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="68896503FF81931F5AE3FF57FC56FF45" box="[151,992,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AE3FF57FC56FF45" blockId="43.[151,992,151,210]" box="[151,992,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="7B6481E4FF81931F5AE3FF57FC56FF45" bold="true" box="[151,992,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF81931F5AE3FF57FC56FF45" ID-CoL="3TQQP" authority="Ohler, Marquis, Swan &amp; Grosjean, 2000" authorityName="Ohler, Marquis, Swan &amp; Grosjean" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,992,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis" subGenus="Lalos">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5AE3FF57FC56FF45" bold="true" box="[151,992,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5AE3FF57FE54FF45" bold="true" box="[151,482,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Leptolalax (Lalos) pluvialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FF81931F5B9EFF57FC56FF45" author="Ohler, A. &amp; Marquis, O. &amp; Swan, S. &amp; Grosjean, S." box="[490,992,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="71 - 87" refId="ref59563" refString="Ohler, A., Marquis, O., Swan, S. &amp; Grosjean, S. (2000) Amphibian biodiversity of Hoang Lien Nature Reserve (Lao Cai Province, northern Vietnam) with description of two new species. Herpetozoa, 13, 71 - 87." type="journal article" year="2000">Ohler, Marquis, Swan &amp; Grosjean, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF81931F5AE3FF7AFE94FF26" box="[151,290,186,210]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AE3FF7AFE94FF26" blockId="43.[151,992,151,210]" box="[151,290,186,210]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
(
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF81931F5AEBFF7AFEACFF26" box="[159,282,186,210]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 17" captionStart-1="FIGURE 18" captionStartId-0="44.[151,249,904,927]" captionStartId-1="44.[151,249,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,883]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1419,1041,1923]" captionTargetId-0="figure-75@44.[151,1436,193,883]" captionTargetId-1="figure-79@44.[151,1436,1011,1956]" captionTargetPageId-0="44" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionText-0="FIGURE 17. Leptolalax pluvialis, MNHN 1999.5675, holophoront, adult male, SVL 22.0 mm. (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 18. Leptolalax pluvialis, MNHN 1999.5675, holophoront, adult male. (A) Lateral view of head, ventral view of (B) right hand and of (C) right foot. Scale bar = 5 mm (3 + 2 mm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247468" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247470" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5247468/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5247470/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 17–18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF81931F5AE3FF3DFA9EFEC5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AE3FF3DFC98FEE7" blockId="43.[151,1436,253,398]" box="[151,814,253,275]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="008311A6FF81931F5AE3FF3DFC98FEE7" box="[151,814,253,275]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<treatmentCitation id="A1321099FF81931F5AE3FF3DFC9CFEE7" author="Ohler, A. &amp; Marquis, O. &amp; Swan, S. &amp; Grosjean, S." box="[151,810,253,275]" page="74" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="2000">
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF81931F5AE3FF3DFC9CFEE7" ID-CoL="3TQQP" authority="Ohler, Marquis, Swan &amp; Grosjean, 2000: 74" authorityName="Ohler, Marquis, Swan &amp; Grosjean" authorityPageNumber="74" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,810,253,275]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5AE3FF3DFED6FEE7" box="[151,352,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Leptolalax pluvialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FF81931F5B13FF3DFC9CFEE7" author="Ohler, A. &amp; Marquis, O. &amp; Swan, S. &amp; Grosjean, S." box="[359,810,253,275]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="71 - 87" refId="ref59563" refString="Ohler, A., Marquis, O., Swan, S. &amp; Grosjean, S. (2000) Amphibian biodiversity of Hoang Lien Nature Reserve (Lao Cai Province, northern Vietnam) with description of two new species. Herpetozoa, 13, 71 - 87." type="journal article" year="2000">Ohler, Marquis, Swan &amp; Grosjean, 2000: 74</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AE3FEDBFA9EFEC5" blockId="43.[151,1436,253,398]" box="[151,1320,283,305]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FF81931F5AE3FEDBFA92FEC5" box="[151,1316,283,305]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="MNHN 1999.5675" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Onymophoront: holophoront, by original designation as “
<typeStatus id="FF28882AFF81931F58A8FEDBFC8CFEC5" box="[732,826,283,305]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
”,
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF81931F593AFEDCFBB9FEC5" box="[846,1039,283,305]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MNHN 1999.5675</specimenCode>
, adult male,
<collectionCode id="4682AE4DFF81931F5EE4FEDBFB76FEC5" box="[1168,1216,283,305]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">SVL</collectionCode>
22.0 mm
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF81931F5AE3FEFAFD30FE7A" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AE3FEFAFB51FEA4" blockId="43.[151,1436,253,398]" box="[151,1255,314,336]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FF81931F5AE3FEFAFB52FEA4" box="[151,1252,314,336]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="MNHN 1999.5674, MNHN 1999.5676" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" typeStatus="paratype">
Other protaxonts:
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF81931F5B3BFEFBFDB8FEA4" box="[335,526,314,336]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MNHN 1999.5674</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF81931F584BFEFBFCB7FEA4" box="[575,769,314,336]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MNHN 1999.5676</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="3695FD01FF81931F597FFEFAFCE4FEA4" box="[779,850,314,336]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
males (
<typeStatus id="FF28882AFF81931F59D4FEFAFBB0FEA4" box="[928,1030,314,336]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
),
<collectionCode id="4682AE4DFF81931F5E63FEFAFBF1FEA4" box="[1047,1095,314,336]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">SVL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5E39FEFAFB52FEA4" box="[1101,1252,314,336]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" metricValueMax="2.23" metricValueMin="2.13" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="21.8" valueMax="22.3" valueMin="21.3">21.3–22.3 mm</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AE3FE99FD30FE7A" blockId="43.[151,1436,253,398]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FF81931F5AE3FE99FD34FE7A" collectingDate="1998-07-28" country="Vietnam" county="Stephane Grosjean" elevation="1900" latitude="22.316668" location="Onymotope" longLatPrecision="1260" longitude="103.78333" municipality="Annemarie Ohler" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai">
<location id="254C6053FF81931F5AE3FE99FEA5FE9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFF8193195AE3FF57FD9CFC33:254C6053FF81931F5AE3FE99FEA5FE9B" box="[151,275,345,367]" country="Vietnam" county="Stephane Grosjean" latitude="22.316668" longLatPrecision="1260" longitude="103.78333" municipality="Annemarie Ohler" name="Onymotope" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Lao Cai">Onymotope</location>
:
<location id="254C6053FF81931F5B68FE9AFD99FE9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFF8193195AE3FF57FD9CFC33:254C6053FF81931F5B68FE9AFD99FE9B" box="[284,559,345,367]" country="Vietnam" county="Stephane Grosjean" latitude="22.316668" longLatPrecision="1260" longitude="103.78333" municipality="Annemarie Ohler" name="Fan Si Pan mountain range" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Lao Cai">Fan Si Pan mountain range</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF81931F584AFE99FD28FE9B" box="[574,670,345,367]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="22.316668">22°19’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF81931F58DEFE99FCA2FE9B" box="[682,788,345,367]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="103.78333">103°47’ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5954FE99FCC6FE9B" box="[800,880,345,367]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1900.0">
<elevation id="ABBED1BBFF81931F5954FE99FCC6FE9B" box="[800,880,345,367]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF81931F59F6FE9AFB80FE9B" box="[898,1078,345,367]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lao Cai Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="58847618FF81931F5E35FE99FB2CFE9B" box="[1089,1178,345,367]" name="Vietnam" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. Collected by
<collectingMunicipality id="C048ACF2FF81931F5F58FE99FEB6FE7A" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Annemarie Ohler</collectingMunicipality>
and
<collectingCounty id="C94D4E04FF81931F5B46FEB8FE44FE7A" box="[306,498,376,398]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Stéphane Grosjean</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="542D1048FF81931F5B88FEB8FD34FE7A" box="[508,642,376,398]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1998-07-28">
<collectingDate id="4469E9A0FF81931F5B88FEB8FD34FE7A" box="[508,642,376,398]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1998-07-28">28 July 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF81931F5AE3FE75FA31FE05" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AE3FE75FA31FE05" blockId="43.[151,1436,437,2033]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Material examined.
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FF81931F5BFAFE75FD7BFE05" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Vietnam" elevation="1900" latitude="22.316668" location="Fan Si Pan mountain range" longLatPrecision="1260" longitude="103.78333" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="MNHN 1999.5674, 5676" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5BFAFE75FE4CFE3A" bold="true" box="[398,506,437,462]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="58847618FF81931F5BFAFE75FE40FE3A" box="[398,502,437,462]" name="Vietnam" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF81931F5870FE76FD67FE39" box="[516,721,437,461]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lao Cai Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="254C6053FF81931F5894FE76FBADFE3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFF8193195AE3FF57FD9CFC33:254C6053FF81931F5894FE76FBADFE3A" box="[736,1051,437,462]" country="Vietnam" latitude="22.316668" longLatPrecision="1260" longitude="103.78333" name="Fan Si Pan mountain range" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Lao Cai">Fan Si Pan mountain range</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF81931F5E5BFE75FB2BFE39" box="[1071,1181,437,461]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="22.316668">22°19’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF81931F5EDFFE75FA92FE39" box="[1195,1316,437,461]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="103.78333">103°47’ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5F47FE75FA39FE39" box="[1331,1423,437,461]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1900.0">
<elevation id="ABBED1BBFF81931F5F47FE75FA39FE39" box="[1331,1423,437,461]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
):
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF81931F5AE3FE1AFEDDFE05" box="[151,363,473,497]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MNHN 1999.5674</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF81931F5B0EFE19FE05FE05" box="[378,435,473,497]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">5676</specimenCode>
, adult males (hypodigm)
</materialsCitation>
. Coll. Annemarie Ohler and Stéphane Grosjean,
<date id="542D1048FF81931F5E84FE19FA35FE05" box="[1264,1411,473,497]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1998-07-28">28 July 1998</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF81931F5AB3FE3CFC64FD50" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AB3FE3CFC64FD50" blockId="43.[151,1436,437,2033]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5AB3FE3CFEF2FDE1" bold="true" box="[199,324,508,533]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">Comment.</emphasis>
All
<specimenCount id="3695FD01FF81931F5B02FE3CFD9CFDE0" box="[374,554,508,532]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
of the hypodigm have been included in the molecular analysis. They form the sister group of specimens allocated to a clade that includes
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF81931F5934FDE1FC1FFDCC" authorityName="Rowley, Stuart, Richards, Phimmachak &amp; Sivongxay" authorityYear="2010" box="[832,937,545,568]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aereus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5934FDE1FC1FFDCC" box="[832,937,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">L. aereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF81931F59CDFDE1FB8EFDCC" box="[953,1080,545,568]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F59CDFDE1FB8EFDCC" box="[953,1080,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">L. minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF81931F5E33FDE1FB3BFDCC" box="[1095,1165,545,568]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyx">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5E33FDE1FB3BFDCC" box="[1095,1165,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">L. nyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF81931F5EB3FDE1FA23FDCC" authorityName="Fei, Ye &amp; Li" authorityYear="1991" box="[1223,1429,545,568]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5EB3FDE1FA23FDCC" box="[1223,1429,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">L. ventripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They can be distinguished morphologically from the other representatives of this clade by their smaller size and the dense brown spotting on belly and chest. The holophoront is redescribed to allow easier comparison and in order that all characters used for the new species are described in the same way.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF81931F5AB3FD6FFDB5FC8E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AB3FD6FFDB5FC8E" blockId="43.[151,1436,437,2033]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5AB3FD6FFEF7FD3C" bold="true" box="[199,321,687,712]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Member of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF81931F5812FD6FFD12FD33" authorityName="Dubois, Grosjean, Ohler, Adler &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2010" box="[614,676,687,711]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Lalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5812FD6FFD12FD33" box="[614,676,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of lateroventral glands and molecular phylogenetic relationships (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF81931F5BF8FD13FE79FD1F" box="[396,463,723,747]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="20.[151,249,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[281,1309,179,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-182@20.[281,1310,179,1706]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. Combined 16SrRNA Bayesian phylogeny and haplotype networks of 113 Leptolalax specimens with hierarchical outgroups (schematic representation in the grey box) The tree topology corresponds to the Bayesian topology obtained with three million generations, values on nodes indicate posterior probabilities (asterisks&gt; 95 %, double asterisks&gt; 99 %), and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (&gt; 70 %). Red numbers are the percentage of uncorrected p - sequence divergence between selected sister clades. Minimum spanning haplotype networks for two Leptolalax-clades (connected to phylogenetic tree nodes marked grey) were obtained with TCS. Numbers on haplotype connections represent number of nucleotide substitutions. Numbers of specimens included in haplotype networks are: B5-1(12); B5-2(17); B5-3(6); B5-4(1); B4-1(8); B4- 2,3,4,7,8(1); B4-5(2); B4-6(3). Sampling localities are provided as pie charts within haplotype circles, circle size corresponds to the number of sampled individuals. Abbreviations for country of origin are as follows: L—Laos, M—Malaysia, T—Thailand, V—Vietnam. Newly described species and haplotype networks are coloured." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246757/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), distinguished from other species included in this subgenus by the following combination of characters: very small-sized species (males 21.0–22.0 mm) (
<tableCitation id="6D110333FF81931F59DCFD37FBB6FCFB" box="[936,1024,759,783]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[184,276,462,486]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of specimens of Leptolalax (Lalos). Data are either from observation of specimens mentioned in the relevant chapters on species or from literature. In squared brackets: if not available as measures in mm ratios of SVL expressed as per thousands are given. For references see Table 5." pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Table 3</tableCitation>
) with rudimentary webbing and no fringes on toes; tympanum distinct; dermal ridges under toes distinct; finger tips not dilated; dorsal skin smooth (Table 4); dorsum greyish brown with dark pattern; few black spots on flanks; ventral side with dense brown spots; iris dark golden above (
<tableCitation id="6D110333FF81931F5BEBFCA2FE43FC8E" box="[415,501,866,890]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[147,239,355,379]" captionText="TABLE 5. Coloration patterns and eye colour of specimens of Leptolalax (Lalos). Data are either from observation of specimens mentioned in the relevant chapters on species or from literature." pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Table 5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF8193195AB3FC45FDE8FE00" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AB3FC45FD5EFC35" blockId="43.[151,1436,437,2033]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF81931F5AB3FC45FDF7FC6A" bold="true" box="[199,577,901,926]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Description of the holophoront</emphasis>
, adult male MNHN 1999.5675. Size and general aspect. (1) Specimen of small size (SVL 22.0 mm), body moderately slender.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AB3FC0DFED1FB2B" blockId="43.[151,1436,437,2033]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Head. (2) Head of medium size, narrower (HW
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F589DFC0DFCF7FC11" box="[745,833,973,997]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="8.1">8.1 mm</quantity>
) than long (HL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F598DFC0DFBE2FC11" box="[1017,1108,973,997]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
; MN
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5EE1FC0DFB46FC11" box="[1173,1264,973,997]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
; MFE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5F4AFC0DFA2EFC11" box="[1342,1432,973,997]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
; MBE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5AAEFC31FE85FBFD" box="[218,307,1009,1033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
), convex. (3) Snout slightly protruding, its length (SL 4.0 mm) longer than horizontal diameter of eye (EL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5ABFFBD4FE90FBD8" box="[203,294,1044,1068]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
). (4) Canthus rostralis angular, loreal region concave, vertical. (5) Interorbital space convex, slightly larger (IUE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5B68FBF8FEC5FBA4" box="[284,371,1080,1104]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
) than upper eyelid (UEW
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F58EDFBF8FD59FBA4" box="[665,751,1080,1104]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
) but narrower than internarial distance (IN 3.0 mm); distance between front of eyes (IFE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5BBEFB9CFD94FB80" box="[458,546,1116,1140]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
) about two-thirds of the distance between back of eyes (IBE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5EA4FB9CFA9CFB80" box="[1232,1322,1116,1140]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
). (6) Nostrils oval, closer to eye (EN
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5B94FB40FD8FFB6C" box="[480,569,1152,1176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
) than to tip of snout (NS 2.0 mm). (8) Tympanum (TYD
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5EACFB40FA87FB6C" box="[1240,1329,1152,1176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
) distinct, rounded; about half of eye diameter, tympanum-eye distance (TYE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F59FFFB63FC54FB4F" box="[907,994,1187,1211]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
) two-fifths of its diameter. (11) Tongue moderate, cordate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AB3FB2BFDCAFABE" blockId="43.[151,1436,437,2033]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Forelimbs. (12) Forearm short, thin (FLL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F58EDFB2BFD44FAF7" box="[665,754,1259,1283]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
), longer than hand (HAL 6.0 mm), not enlarged. (13) Fingers I–II and IV rather short and rather strong; finger III long and rather strong (TFL 4.0 mm). (15) Tips of fingers not enlarged. (16) Finger II with dermal fringe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AB3FA96FB87F9D5" blockId="43.[151,1436,437,2033]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Hindlimbs. (19) Shanks about four times longer (TL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F596DFA96FCCBFA9A" box="[793,893,1366,1390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
) than wide (TW
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5E4AFA96FB2EFA9A" box="[1086,1176,1366,1390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
), longer than thigh (FL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5AE3FABAFF4DFA66" box="[151,251,1402,1426]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="10.9">10.9 mm</quantity>
) and than distance from base of internal metatarsal tubercle to tip of toe IV (FOL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5EF8FABAFB45FA66" box="[1164,1267,1402,1426]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="10.8">10.8 mm</quantity>
); heel reaching nare when limbs folded forward. (20) Toe IV (FTL 6.35) about one-third of distance from base of tarsus to tip of toe IV (TFOL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5B37FA01FE1BFA2D" box="[323,429,1473,1497]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="17.2">17.2 mm</quantity>
). (22) Tips of toes not enlarged. (23) Webbing absent (MTTF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5EF4FA01FB6DFA2D" box="[1152,1243,1473,1497]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
; MTFF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5F48FA01FA2EFA2D" box="[1340,1432,1473,1497]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
; TFTF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5A95FA25FE8DFA09" box="[225,315,1509,1533]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
; FFTF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5BE5FA25FE58FA09" box="[401,494,1509,1533]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
). (24) Dermal fringe along toe V absent. (26) Inner metatarsal tubercle rather long and prominent; its length (IMT
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F5B8EF9C9FDE7F9D5" box="[506,593,1545,1569]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
) 1.9 times in length of toe I (ITL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF81931F59BFF9C9FB93F9D5" box="[971,1061,1545,1569]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AB3F9ECFB5CF927" blockId="43.[151,1436,437,2033]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Skin. (29) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: snout, region between eyes, side of head and back smooth; flank with flat glandular warts. (30) Supratympanic fold distinct, from eye to shoulder. (31) Dorsal parts of limbs: forelimbs, thigh, shank and tarsus smooth. (32) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat, chest, belly and thigh smooth. (33) Presence of macroglands: lateroventral ridges present as continous ridges of small glands; large, distinct rounded femoral and oval axillary glands; smaller distinct oval suprabrachial glands.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF81931F5AB3F91FFB35F805" blockId="43.[151,1436,437,2033]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Coloration. In alcohol: (34) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: dorsal parts of head and dorsum and upper part of flanks greyish-brown with black band between the eyes, a black W-shaped pattern in the shoulder region and a black V in the sacral region; lower part of flanks dark greyish-brown; loreal region blackish-brown; tympanic region including tympanum dark brown with a white band under the tympanum; upper lip dark brown with white and blackish spots. (35) Dorsal parts of limbs: dorsal part of forelimbs, of thigh, of shank and of foot grey-brown with blackish crossbands; posterior part of thigh blackish with small white spots. (36) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat dirty white; margin of throat dark brown with small white spots; chest and belly dirty white with dark brown marbling; thigh brown with some white spots; macroglands white.</paragraph>
<caption id="74EC6600FF8693185AE3FC48FF78FC49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247468/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,249,904,927]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,883]" targetPageId="44">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF8693185AE3FC48FF78FC49" blockId="44.[151,1436,904,957]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8693185AE3FC48FE94FC6B" bold="true" box="[151,290,904,927]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8693185B5FFC48FDE5FC6A" authority=", MNHN" authorityName="MNHN" box="[299,595,904,926]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8693185B5FFC48FE41FC6A" box="[299,503,904,926]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Leptolalax pluvialis</emphasis>
, MNHN
</taxonomicName>
1999.5675, holophoront, adult male, SVL 22.0 mm. (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="74EC6600FF8693185AE3F879FCA7F804" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247470/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,249,1977,2000]" targetBox="[156,1419,1041,1923]" targetPageId="44">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF8693185AE3F879FCA7F804" blockId="44.[151,1436,1977,2032]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8693185AE3F879FEA9F824" bold="true" box="[151,287,1977,2000]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8693185B52F879FDFAF83B" authority=", MNHN" authorityName="MNHN" box="[294,588,1977,1999]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8693185B52F879FE47F83B" box="[294,497,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Leptolalax pluvialis</emphasis>
, MNHN
</taxonomicName>
1999.5675, holophoront, adult male. (A) Lateral view of head, ventral view of (B) right hand and of (C) right foot. Scale bar = 5 mm (3 + 2 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF8793195AB3FF58FA9CFE90" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,967]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">In life: Iris dark golden above. Upper parts of head and dorsum, flanks and tympanic region grey brown with dark brown pattern, particularly in tympanum and loreal region; upper lip grey-brown with dark brown and whitish-grey bands. Upper part of forelimbs ochre, forearms grey-brown and dark brown; hindlimbs with dark brown and grey-brown crossbands; heels ochre; posterior part of thigh grey-brown with ventrally a dark brown zone. Throat transparent light grey-brown with dark brown margin bearing white spots; chest and belly grey with dark grey marbling; lower part of thigh transparent dark brown with whitish spots. Macroglands whitish grey.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF8793195AB3FEAFFAFFFE58" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,967]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Male secondary sexual characters: (38) Vocal sacs inconspicuous, skin of gular region not modified; inner openings of vocal sacs present, located laterally and posteriorly in the floor of the mouth, distinct; rounded.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF8793195AB3FE77FDE8FE00" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,967]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195AB3FE77FEF7FE24" bold="true" box="[199,321,439,464]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Variation.</emphasis>
The two other male protaxonts resemble strongly the holophoront in coloration and morphology. Female sexual characters:
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF8793195BB4FE1CFE5CFE07" box="[448,490,476,499]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Not</collectingRegion>
observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF8793195AB3FE3FFE4AFD38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF8793195AB3FE3FFCA0FDE3" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,967]" box="[199,790,511,536]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195AB3FE3FFED6FDEC" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from onymotope (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF87931958B0FE3FFCBEFDE3" box="[708,776,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,249,1281,1304]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,621,1260]" captionTargetId="figure-456@30.[151,1436,621,1260]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of localities of specimens of subgenus Lalos studied in this work. Onymotopes are indicted as stars. Olive green—pelodytoides; blue—L. minimus form 2; orange yellow—L. minimus; red—L. aereus; grey—L. eos; light green – L. ventripunctatus; white—L. bourreti; black—L. pluvialis; yellow—L. nyx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246773/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF8793195AB3FDE4FE4AFD38" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,967]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195AB3FDE4FE31FDC8" bold="true" box="[199,391,547,572]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Natural history.</emphasis>
Three adult male specimens of this species were collected calling during heavy rain, while sitting on branches and leaves near a small forest stream. They can be distinguished from sympatric
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8793195F50FD88FF44FD70" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourreti">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195F50FD88FF44FD70" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Leptolalax bourreti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by their smaller size, ventral coloration and absence of dark spots on flanks.
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8793195E38FDADFB72FD70" box="[1100,1220,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourreti">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195E38FDADFB72FD70" box="[1100,1220,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L. bourreti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was very abundant in
<date id="542D1048FF8793195AC0FD4FFE4DFD53" box="[180,507,655,679]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1997-10" valueMax="1997-11-31" valueMin="1997-10-00">October and November 1997</date>
, and was collected in the precise locality of
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF879319599CFD51FBD0FD5C" box="[1000,1126,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF879319599CFD51FBD0FD5C" box="[1000,1126,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L. pluvialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but was rather rare in July, when
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8793195AAEFD75FEEEFD38" box="[218,344,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195AAEFD75FEEEFD38" box="[218,344,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L. pluvialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was breeding.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF8793195AB3FD18FD9CFC33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF8793195AB3FD18FBD4FD1B" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,967]" box="[199,1122,727,752]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195AB3FD18FEFBFD04" bold="true" box="[199,333,728,752]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
From Latin
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8793195BAEFD18FD8CFD04" box="[474,570,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195BAEFD18FD8CFD04" box="[474,570,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">pluvialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: created by the rain, commanding the rain, rainy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF8793195AB3FD3CFF52FC8B" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,967]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195AB3FD3CFDC2FCE0" bold="true" box="[199,628,763,788]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Placement in molecular phylogeny.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF879319580BFD3CFCD4FCE0" box="[639,866,764,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF879319580BFD3CFCD4FCE0" box="[639,866,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Leptolalax pluvialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is part of a clade that groups with high support
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195AE3FCE1FE6CFCCC" box="[151,474,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8793195AE3FCE1FEB6FCCC" authorityName="Rowley, Stuart, Richards, Phimmachak &amp; Sivongxay" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,256,801,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aereus">L. aereus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8793195B78FCE1FE3DFCC3" box="[268,395,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">L. minimus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8793195BE2FCE1FE6CFCCC" box="[406,474,801,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyx">L. nyx</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8793195864FCE1FD6DFCC3" authorityName="Fei, Ye &amp; Li" authorityYear="1991" box="[528,731,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195864FCE1FD6DFCC3" box="[528,731,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L. ventripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimens allocated to
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8793195E6BFCE1FB2AFCCC" box="[1055,1180,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195E6BFCE1FB2AFCCC" box="[1055,1180,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L. pluvialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a well-supported clade which, with high support, is the sister taxon of a poorly supported clade including all the other taxa mentioned.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195AB3FC4BFE09FC50" bold="true" box="[199,447,907,932]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">Conservation status.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF8793195BBEFC4DFDFDFC50" box="[458,587,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF8793195BBEFC4DFDFDFC50" box="[458,587,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">L. pluvialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still only known from the original description. Its conservation status remains unchanged: Data Deficient.
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<heading id="7B6481E4FF9B93055AE3FD4FFC96FD5D" bold="true" box="[151,800,655,681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9B93055AE3FD4FFC96FD5D" ID-CoL="3TQR4" authority="Fei, Ye &amp; Li, 1991" authorityName="Fei, Ye &amp; Li" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,800,655,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus" subGenus="Lalos">
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055AE3FD4FFD8FFD5D" bold="true" box="[151,569,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Leptolalax (Lalos) ventripunctatus</emphasis>
Fei, Ye &amp; Li, 1991
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<paragraph id="202C3688FF9B93055AE3FD72FE95FD3E" blockId="49.[151,800,655,714]" box="[151,291,690,714]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
(
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF9B93055AEBFD72FEADFD3E" box="[159,283,690,714]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStart-2="FIGURE 23" captionStart-3="FIGURE 24" captionStartId-0="50.[151,249,1415,1438]" captionStartId-1="51.[151,249,1152,1175]" captionStartId-2="52.[151,249,1470,1493]" captionStartId-3="53.[151,249,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,287,1394]" captionTargetBox-1="[175,1411,219,1112]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,183,1449]" captionTargetBox-3="[175,1401,462,1918]" captionTargetId-0="figure-362@50.[151,1436,287,1394]" captionTargetId-1="figure-348@51.[151,1436,193,1131]" captionTargetId-2="figure-278@52.[151,1436,183,1449]" captionTargetId-3="figure-187@53.[151,1436,445,1944]" captionTargetPageId-0="50" captionTargetPageId-1="51" captionTargetPageId-2="52" captionTargetPageId-3="53" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Leptolalax ventripunctatus, MNHN 2004.0270, adult male, SVL 25.2 mm. (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Leptolalax ventripunctatus, MNHN 2004.0270, adult male. (A) Lateral view of head, ventral view of (B) right foot and of (C) right hand. Scale bar = 5 mm (3 + 2 mm)." captionText-2="FIGURE 23. Specimens of Leptolalax in life. (A) L. aereus, MNHN 2005.0235, adult male, SVL 25.8 mm; (B) L. aereus, ZFMK 71346, adult male in its natural habitat, SVL 29.8 mm; (C) L. aereus, ZFMK 71347, adult male, SVL 29.8 mm; (D) L. aereus, ZFMK 79861, subadult male, SVL 23.4 mm; (E) L. ventripunctatus, MNHN 2005.121, adult male, SVL 24.6 mm; (F) L. ventripunctatus, adult male, not collected, in dorsal view." captionText-3="FIGURE 24. Tadpole of Leptolalax ventripunctatus. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of a specimen in stage 33 (MNHN 2006.2576), scale bar = 10 mm; (C) oral disc of a specimen in stage 29 artificially expanded (MNHN 2006.2577), scale bar = 1 mm. Tip of tail cut for tissue sampling." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247476" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246791" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246795" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247480" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5247476/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5246791/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5246795/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5247480/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 21–24</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055AE3FD3AFE11FCE4" box="[151,423,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Leptolalax ventripunctatus</emphasis>
Fei, Ye &amp; Li
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055846FD3BFDF0FCE4" box="[562,582,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">in</emphasis>
:
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<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FF9B93055820FD3AFCB8FCE4" author="Fei, L. &amp; Ye, C. &amp; Huang, Y." box="[596,782,762,784]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref57316" refString="Fei, L., Ye, C. &amp; Huang, Y. (1991) Key to the Chinese Amphibia. Chongqing: Chongqing Branch Science and Technology Literature Press." type="book" year="1991">
Fei
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B9305580EFD3BFD1BFCE4" box="[634,685,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
1991: 95
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, 97, 213, 274.
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Onymophoront, by original designation: holophoront (
<typeStatus id="FF28882AFF9B930558B4FCD9FCA8FCDB" box="[704,798,793,815]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
),
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055944FCD9FC19FCDB" box="[816,943,793,815]" collectionCode="CIB" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vxkr-andy" name="Chengdu Institute of Biology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CIB 890063</specimenCode>
, adult male,
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27.0 mm (Fei
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055E8DFCDAFA9BFCDB" box="[1273,1325,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
1992: 51). Collected by Luo Jiarui,
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.
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Onymotope: Mengla (
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,
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; alt.
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),
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,
<collectingCountry id="58847618FF9B930559F8FC96FC7AFC98" box="[908,972,854,876]" name="China" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055AE3FC59FECAFC46" bold="true" box="[151,380,921,946]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material examined</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FF9B93055BF9FC59FE99FC0D" collectingDate="2005-01-31" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Annemarie Ohler" country="Laos" elevation="1000" latitude="21.666666" location="Phongsaly Province" longLatPrecision="1263" longitude="102.1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="MNHN 2005.0111, 0116, MNHN 2006.2576, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Phongsali">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055BF9FC59FE78FC45" bold="true" box="[397,462,921,945]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<collectingCountry id="58847618FF9B93055BF9FC59FE7FFC45" box="[397,457,921,945]" name="Laos" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Laos</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF9B93055BACFC59FD0BFC45" box="[472,701,921,945]" country="Laos" name="Phongsali" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Phongsaly Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF9B930558BFFC59FCF6FC45" box="[715,832,921,945]" country="Laos" name="Phongsali" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Phongsaly</collectingRegion>
water supply river (
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B93055E5BFC59FB2BFC45" box="[1071,1181,921,945]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="21.666666">21°40’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B93055EDFFC59FA92FC45" box="[1195,1316,921,945]" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="102.1">102°06’ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055F47FC59FA39FC45" box="[1331,1423,921,945]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="ABBED1BBFF9B93055F47FC59FA39FC45" box="[1331,1423,921,945]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
):
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055AE3FC7EFEDAFC21" box="[151,364,957,981]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNHN 2005.0111</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055B0EFC7DFE04FC21" box="[378,434,957,981]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">0116</specimenCode>
, adult males;
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055820FC7EFC9AFC21" box="[596,812,957,981]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNHN 2006.2576</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B9305594EFC7DFCFEFC21" box="[826,840,957,981]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">1</specimenCode>
tadpole (DNA voucher), coll.
<collectorName id="8D66535EFF9B93055EDFFC7DFAC4FC21" box="[1195,1394,957,981]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Annemarie Ohler</collectorName>
,
<date id="542D1048FF9B93055FF4FC7DFE99FC0D" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2005-01-31">
<collectingDate id="4469E9A0FF9B93055FF4FC7DFE99FC0D" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2005-01-31">31 January 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; —
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FF9B93055B2AFC21FC2CFBE9" collectingDate="2005-02-09" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Annemarie Ohler" country="Laos" elevation="600" latitude="21.4" location="Nathen" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="101.96667" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="MNHN 2005.0137, 0140, MNHN 2006.2577, 1" specimenCount="1">
<location id="254C6053FF9B93055B2AFC21FE19FC0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFF9B93025AE3FD4FFD94F844:254C6053FF9B93055B2AFC21FE19FC0D" box="[350,431,993,1017]" country="Laos" latitude="21.4" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="101.96667" name="Nathen" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Nathen</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B93055BCAFC21FD94FC0D" box="[446,546,993,1017]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="21.4">21°24’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B9305585AFC21FD15FC0D" box="[558,675,993,1017]" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="101.96667">101°58’ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B930558DBFC21FD4FFC0D" box="[687,761,993,1017]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="600.0">
<elevation id="ABBED1BBFF9B930558DBFC21FD4FFC0D" box="[687,761,993,1017]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
):
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055979FC22FC54FC0D" box="[781,994,993,1017]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNHN 2005.0137</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055984FC21FB9FFC0D" box="[1008,1065,993,1017]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">0140</specimenCode>
, adult males,
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055EB6FC22FA2EFC0D" box="[1218,1432,993,1017]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNHN 2006.2577</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055AE3FBC5FF13FBE9" box="[151,165,1029,1053]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">1</specimenCode>
tadpole (DNA voucher), coll.
<collectorName id="8D66535EFF9B93055872FBC5FD7AFBE9" box="[518,716,1029,1053]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Annemarie Ohler</collectorName>
,
<date id="542D1048FF9B930558AEFBC5FC2CFBE9" box="[730,922,1029,1053]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2005-02-09">
<collectingDate id="4469E9A0FF9B930558AEFBC5FC2CFBE9" box="[730,922,1029,1053]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2005-02-09">9 February 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; —
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FF9B930559B9FBC6FEF2FB91" collectingDate="14 and 15 July 2004 and 4 February 2005" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Annemarie Ohler" country="Laos" elevation="800" latitude="21.233334" location="Long Nai" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="101.933334" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="MNHN 2004.0270, 0273, MNHN 2005.0117, 0136" specimenCount="1">
<location id="254C6053FF9B930559B9FBC6FB8FFBE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFF9B93025AE3FD4FFD94F844:254C6053FF9B930559B9FBC6FB8FFBE9" box="[973,1081,1029,1054]" country="Laos" latitude="21.233334" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="101.933334" name="Long Nai" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Long Nai</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B93055E3FFBC5FB02FBE9" box="[1099,1204,1029,1053]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="21.233334">21°14' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B93055EB6FBC5FA83FBE9" box="[1218,1333,1029,1053]" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="101.933334">101°56' E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055F37FBC5FA39FBE9" box="[1347,1423,1029,1053]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="ABBED1BBFF9B93055F37FBC5FA39FBE9" box="[1347,1423,1029,1053]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055AE3FBEAFEDBFBB5" box="[151,365,1065,1089]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNHN 2004.0270</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055B0FFBE9FE04FBB5" box="[379,434,1065,1089]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">0273</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055BC9FBEAFD24FBB5" box="[445,658,1065,1089]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNHN 2005.0117</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B930558D4FBE9FD6EFBB5" box="[672,728,1065,1089]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">0136</specimenCode>
, adult males, coll.
<collectorName id="8D66535EFF9B930559DCFBE9FBDBFBB5" box="[936,1133,1065,1089]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Annemarie Ohler</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="4469E9A0FF9B93055E03FBE9FEF2FB91" isEnumeration="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<date id="542D1048FF9B93055E03FBE9FAEEFBB5" box="[1143,1368,1065,1089]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2004-07-14" valueMax="2004-07-15" valueMin="2004-07-14">14 and 15 July 2004</date>
and
<date id="542D1048FF9B93055FFAFBE9FEF2FB91" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2005-02-04">4 February 2005</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; —
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FF9B93055BF4FB8EFC71FB7D" collectingDate="2005-02-13" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Annemarie Ohler" country="Laos" elevation="520" latitude="22.05" location="Nam Ou" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="102.26667" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="MNHN 2005.0142, 0144, MNHN 2006.2578, 2588, 11" specimenCount="1">
<location id="254C6053FF9B93055BF4FB8EFE53FB91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFF9B93025AE3FD4FFD94F844:254C6053FF9B93055BF4FB8EFE53FB91" box="[384,485,1101,1125]" country="Laos" latitude="22.05" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="102.26667" name="Nam Ou" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Nam Ou</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B93055B88FB8DFDDBFB91" box="[508,621,1101,1125]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="22.05">22°03’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B9305580BFB8DFD4DFB91" box="[639,763,1101,1125]" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="102.26667">102°16’ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055979FB8DFCEBFB91" box="[781,861,1101,1125]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="520.0">
<elevation id="ABBED1BBFF9B93055979FB8DFCEBFB91" box="[781,861,1101,1125]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B9305590CFB8EFBE5FB91" box="[888,1107,1101,1125]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNHN 2005.0142</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055E16FB8DFB2CFB91" box="[1122,1178,1101,1125]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">0144</specimenCode>
, adult males,
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055F32FB8EFEA7FB7D" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNHN 2006.2578</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055B6BFBB1FEE1FB7D" box="[287,343,1137,1161]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">2588</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055B17FBB1FEC8FB7D" box="[355,382,1137,1161]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">11</specimenCode>
tadpoles, coll.
<collectorName id="8D66535EFF9B9305585EFBB1FD59FB7D" box="[554,751,1137,1161]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Annemarie Ohler</collectorName>
,
<date id="542D1048FF9B9305588FFBB1FC71FB7D" box="[763,967,1137,1161]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2005-02-13">
<collectingDate id="4469E9A0FF9B9305588FFBB1FC71FB7D" box="[763,967,1137,1161]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2005-02-13">13 February 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; —
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FF9B93055983FBB2FBFEFB59" collectingDate="2005-02-16" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Annemarie Ohler" country="Laos" elevation="500" latitude="22.0" location="Houey Phihet" longLatPrecision="1262" longitude="102.28333" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="MNHN 2005.0145" specimenCount="1">
<location id="254C6053FF9B93055983FBB2FB27FB7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFF9B93025AE3FD4FFD94F844:254C6053FF9B93055983FBB2FB27FB7D" box="[1015,1169,1137,1162]" country="Laos" latitude="22.0" longLatPrecision="1262" longitude="102.28333" name="Houey Phihet" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Houey Phihet</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B93055ED6FBB1FABBFB7D" box="[1186,1293,1137,1161]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="60" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="22.0">21°60’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B93055F6DFBB1FA21FB7D" box="[1305,1431,1137,1161]" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="102.28333">102° 17’ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055AE3FB55FF52FB59" box="[151,228,1173,1197]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="ABBED1BBFF9B93055AE3FB55FF52FB59" box="[151,228,1173,1197]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
):
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B93055A8FFB56FE65FB59" box="[251,467,1173,1197]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNHN 2005.0145</specimenCode>
, adult male, coll.
<collectorName id="8D66535EFF9B930558D0FB55FCDDFB59" box="[676,875,1173,1197]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Annemarie Ohler</collectorName>
,
<date id="542D1048FF9B9305590DFB55FBFEFB59" box="[889,1096,1173,1197]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2005-02-16">
<collectingDate id="4469E9A0FF9B9305590DFB55FBFEFB59" box="[889,1096,1173,1197]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2005-02-16">16 February 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FF9B93055E22FB55FB74FB25" collectingDate="1996-04-22" collectionCode="MVZ" collectorName="Theodore J. Papenfuss" country="Vietnam" latitude="21.45" location="Tam Dao" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="105.63333" municipality="Vinh Yen District" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="MVZ 223641-42" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055E22FB55FB75FB5A" bold="true" box="[1110,1219,1173,1198]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<collectingCountry id="58847618FF9B93055E22FB55FB08FB5A" box="[1110,1214,1173,1198]" name="Vietnam" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="C048ACF2FF9B93055EB8FB55FA2EFB59" box="[1228,1432,1173,1197]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Vinh Yen District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="254C6053FF9B93055AE3FB7AFF48FB25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFF9B93025AE3FD4FFD94F844:254C6053FF9B93055AE3FB7AFF48FB25" box="[151,254,1210,1233]" country="Vietnam" latitude="21.45" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="105.63333" municipality="Vinh Yen District" name="Tam Dao" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Tam Dao</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B93055B7AFB79FECFFB25" box="[270,377,1209,1233]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="21.45">21°27’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFF9B93055BF0FB79FE4DFB25" box="[388,507,1209,1233]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="105.63333">105°38’ E</geoCoordinate>
):
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FF9B9305587BFB7AFD63FB25" box="[527,725,1209,1233]" collectionCode="MVZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">MVZ 223641–42</specimenCode>
, coll.
<collectorName id="8D66535EFF9B9305596CFB79FBAEFB25" box="[792,1048,1209,1233]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Theodore J. Papenfuss</collectorName>
,
<date id="542D1048FF9B93055E57FB79FB74FB25" box="[1059,1218,1209,1233]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1996-04-22">
<collectingDate id="4469E9A0FF9B93055E57FB79FB74FB25" box="[1059,1218,1209,1233]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1996-04-22">22 April 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF9B93055AB3FB1DFE58FA05" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9B93055AB3FB1DFE58FA05" blockId="49.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055AB3FB1DFEF2FB01" box="[199,324,1245,1270]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055AB3FB1DFE8BFB02" bold="true" box="[199,317,1245,1270]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Comment</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
This species was described from extreme southern Yunnan, near the Lao border. We had the opportunity to do fieldwork on the Lao side and discovered this small-sized
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9B930559C4FAC1FB9EFAED" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1980" box="[944,1064,1281,1305]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B930559C4FAC1FB9EFAED" box="[944,1064,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Leptolalax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which is sympatric with the new species
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9B93055A9AFAE6FE86FAC9" box="[238,304,1318,1341]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eos">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055A9AFAE6FE86FAC9" box="[238,304,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">L. eos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above. Specimens allocated to the present species resemble the onymophoront in morphology and are therefore assigned to
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9B93055868FA8AFD7CFA95" authorityName="Fei, Ye &amp; Li" authorityYear="1991" box="[540,714,1354,1377]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055868FA8AFD7CFA95" box="[540,714,1354,1377]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ventripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(no molecular data exist so far from the Yunnan locality). The collection locality in
<collectingCountry id="58847618FF9B93055BF1FAAEFE0DFA71" box="[389,443,1390,1413]" name="Laos" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Laos</collectingCountry>
is less than a hundred kilometres from the onymotope. Most of the Lao specimens were included in the molecular analysis and show great overall genetic similarity. They form a clade with specimens from Tam Dao (MVZ 223641
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055B89FA78FDB8FA38" box="[509,526,1464,1484]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">–</emphasis>
42) which are genetically very similar. In consequence, these specimens are included in
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9B93055B6FFA1AFE51FA05" authorityName="Fei, Ye &amp; Li" authorityYear="1991" box="[283,487,1498,1521]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055B6FFA1AFE51FA05" box="[283,487,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">L. ventripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF9B93055AB3FA3DFCACF919" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9B93055AB3FA3DFCACF919" blockId="49.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055AB3FA3DFEF7F9E2" bold="true" box="[199,321,1533,1558]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
(Based on specimens from
<collectingCountry id="58847618FF9B9305580AFA3EFD01F9E1" box="[638,695,1534,1557]" name="Laos" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Laos</collectingCountry>
, not on onomophoront). Member of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9B93055E86FA3DFA86F9E1" authorityName="Dubois, Grosjean, Ohler, Adler &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2010" box="[1266,1328,1533,1557]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Lalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055E86FA3DFA86F9E1" box="[1266,1328,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of lateroventral glands and molecular phylogenetic relationships (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF9B93055E57F9E1FBDCF9CD" box="[1059,1130,1569,1593]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="20.[151,249,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[281,1309,179,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-182@20.[281,1310,179,1706]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. Combined 16SrRNA Bayesian phylogeny and haplotype networks of 113 Leptolalax specimens with hierarchical outgroups (schematic representation in the grey box) The tree topology corresponds to the Bayesian topology obtained with three million generations, values on nodes indicate posterior probabilities (asterisks&gt; 95 %, double asterisks&gt; 99 %), and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (&gt; 70 %). Red numbers are the percentage of uncorrected p - sequence divergence between selected sister clades. Minimum spanning haplotype networks for two Leptolalax-clades (connected to phylogenetic tree nodes marked grey) were obtained with TCS. Numbers on haplotype connections represent number of nucleotide substitutions. Numbers of specimens included in haplotype networks are: B5-1(12); B5-2(17); B5-3(6); B5-4(1); B4-1(8); B4- 2,3,4,7,8(1); B4-5(2); B4-6(3). Sampling localities are provided as pie charts within haplotype circles, circle size corresponds to the number of sampled individuals. Abbreviations for country of origin are as follows: L—Laos, M—Malaysia, T—Thailand, V—Vietnam. Newly described species and haplotype networks are coloured." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246757/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), distinguished from other species included in this subgenus by the following combination of characters: rather small-sized species (males
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055AE3F9A9FE8AF975" box="[151,316,1641,1665]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" metricValueMax="2.77" metricValueMin="2.37" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="25.7" valueMax="27.7" valueMin="23.7">23.7–27.7 mm</quantity>
; females 31.5–35.0 mm) (
<tableCitation id="6D110333FF9B9305582AF9A9FD04F975" box="[606,690,1641,1665]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[184,276,462,486]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of specimens of Leptolalax (Lalos). Data are either from observation of specimens mentioned in the relevant chapters on species or from literature. In squared brackets: if not available as measures in mm ratios of SVL expressed as per thousands are given. For references see Table 5." pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Table 3</tableCitation>
) with rudimentary webbing and no fringes on toes; tympanum distinct; dermal ridges under toes distinct; finger tips slightly enlarged; dorsal skin with indistinct glandular warts (Table 4); dorsum grey brown with spots, rather large spots on flanks; ventral side with distinct dark spots on chest and belly; iris copper above, grey brown below (
<tableCitation id="6D110333FF9B930558C2F915FCBAF919" box="[694,780,1749,1773]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[147,239,355,379]" captionText="TABLE 5. Coloration patterns and eye colour of specimens of Leptolalax (Lalos). Data are either from observation of specimens mentioned in the relevant chapters on species or from literature." pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Table 5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF9B93025AB3F939FF5FFAFB" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9B93055AB3F939FDC4F8C1" blockId="49.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9B93055AB3F939FCBFF8E6" bold="true" box="[199,777,1785,1810]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Description of the adult male MNHN 2004.0270.</emphasis>
Size and general aspect: (1) Specimen of rather small size (SVL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055AA8F8DDFEF2F8C1" box="[220,324,1821,1845]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="25.2">25.2 mm</quantity>
), body moderately slender.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9B93065AB3F881FE40FF03" blockId="49.[151,1437,921,2026]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Head. (2) Head of medium size, narrower (HW
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055897F881FC8DF8AD" box="[739,827,1857,1881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
) than long (HL 10.0 mm; MN
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055EECF881FB44F8AD" box="[1176,1266,1857,1881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
; MFE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055F4AF881FA2EF8AD" box="[1342,1432,1857,1881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
; MBE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055AAFF8A5FE83F889" box="[219,309,1893,1917]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
), rather flat. (3) Snout slightly protruding, its length (SL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B930559C1F8A5FBB8F889" box="[949,1038,1893,1917]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
) longer than horizontal diameter of eye (EL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055A8CF849FEE4F855" box="[248,338,1929,1953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
). (4) Canthus rostralis distinct, rounded, loreal region concave, vertical. (5) Interorbital space flat, slightly narrower (IUE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055BE9F86DFE42F831" box="[413,500,1965,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
) than upper eyelid (UEW
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055968F86DFCC5F831" box="[796,883,1965,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
) but larger than internarial distance (IN
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055F41F86DFA39F831" box="[1333,1423,1965,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
); distance between front of eyes (IFE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B9305585BF811FD30F81D" box="[559,646,2001,2025]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
) about two-thirds of the distance between back of eyes (IBE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9B93055F42F811FA26F81D" box="[1334,1424,2001,2025]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
). (6) Nostrils rounded, closer to eye (EN
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF989306582CFF57FD06FF5B" box="[600,688,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
) than to tip of snout (NS
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF98930659A7FF57FB98FF5B" box="[979,1070,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
). (8) Tympanum (TYD
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065F48FF57FA22FF5B" box="[1340,1428,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
) distinct, rounded; about half eye diameter, tympanum-eye distance (TYE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF98930659A6FF7CFB9FFF20" box="[978,1065,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
) half the diameter of tympanum. (11) Tongue moderate, cordate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="74EC6600FF9893065AE3FA47FADDFA69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247476" box="[151,1387,1415,1438]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247476/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[151,249,1415,1438]" targetBox="[151,1436,287,1394]" targetPageId="50">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9893065AE3FA47FADDFA69" blockId="50.[151,1387,1415,1438]" box="[151,1387,1415,1438]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9893065AE3FA47FEA9FA6A" bold="true" box="[151,287,1415,1438]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9893065B51FA47FD39FA69" authority=", MNHN" authorityName="MNHN" box="[293,655,1415,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9893065B51FA47FD83FA69" box="[293,565,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Leptolalax ventripunctatus</emphasis>
, MNHN
</taxonomicName>
2004.0270, adult male, SVL 25.2 mm. (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9893065AB3FA02FC3DF9D5" blockId="50.[151,1436,1474,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Forelimbs. (12) Forearm rather short, thin (FLL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF989306589DFA02FCF5FA2E" box="[745,835,1474,1498]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
), longer than hand (HAL 7.0 mm), not enlarged. (13) Fingers I, II and IV rather short and rather strong; finger III long and rather strong (TFL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065EF6FA26FB6BFA0A" box="[1154,1245,1510,1534]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
). (15) Tip of fingers rounded, slightly enlarged. (16) Fingers without dermal fringe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9893065AB3F9EDFDCBF8ED" blockId="50.[151,1436,1474,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Hindlimbs. (19) Shanks about four times longer (TL 12.0 mm) than wide (TW
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065E4DF9EDFB25F9B1" box="[1081,1171,1581,1605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
), shorter than thigh (FL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065AE3F990FF4DF99C" box="[151,251,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 mm</quantity>
) and than distance from base of internal metatarsal tubercle to tip of toe IV (FOL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065EF8F990FB45F99C" box="[1164,1267,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="12.1">12.1 mm</quantity>
); heel reaching mid-eye when limbs folded forward. (20) Toe IV (FTL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065970F9B4FCEDF978" box="[772,859,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
) about one-third of the distance from base of tarsus to tip of toe IV (TFOL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065BEDF957FDB6F95B" box="[409,512,1687,1711]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="19.4">19.4 mm</quantity>
). (22) Tip of toes rounded, slightly enlarged. (23) Webbing rudimentary, toes without fringes (MTTF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065B05F97AFE7CF926" box="[369,458,1722,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
; MTFF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065851F97AFDC8F926" box="[549,638,1722,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
; TFTF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF98930658A6F97AFC9DF926" box="[722,811,1722,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
; FFTF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065908F97BFC60F926" box="[892,982,1722,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="7.7">7.7 mm</quantity>
). (24) Dermal fringe along toe V absent. (26) Inner metatarsal tubercle short and very prominent (conical); its length (IMT
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065E34F91EFB2EF902" box="[1088,1176,1758,1782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
) 2.1 times in length of toe I (ITL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9893065B78F8C1FED0F8ED" box="[268,358,1793,1817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
). (27) Tarsal fold absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9893065AB3F8E5FB32F81A" blockId="50.[151,1436,1474,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Skin. (29) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: snout, region between eyes and side of head smooth; back with indistinct glandular warts; flanks with glandular warts. (30) Supratympanic fold distinct, from eye to above shoulder. (31) Dorsal parts of limbs: forelimbs with few indistinct glandular warts; thigh, shank and tarsus smooth. (32) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat, chest and belly smooth; thigh with glandular warts. (33) Presence of macroglands: lateroventral glands present as series of glands forming continous glandular ridge; rather large, distinct rounded or oval femoral and axillary glands, and oval suprabrachial glands.</paragraph>
<caption id="74EC6600FF9993075AE3FB40FD6DFB40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5246791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246791/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,249,1152,1175]" targetBox="[175,1411,219,1112]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9993075AE3FB40FD6DFB40" blockId="51.[151,1436,1152,1205]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9993075AE3FB40FE96FB63" bold="true" box="[151,288,1152,1175]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9993075B5CFB40FD23FB62" authority=", MNHN" authorityName="MNHN" box="[296,661,1152,1174]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9993075B5CFB40FD8FFB62" box="[296,569,1152,1174]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Leptolalax ventripunctatus</emphasis>
, MNHN
</taxonomicName>
2004.0270, adult male. (A) Lateral view of head, ventral view of (B) right foot and of (C) right hand. Scale bar = 5 mm (3 + 2 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9993075AB3FB3DFF6BF9B4" blockId="51.[151,1437,1277,1936]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Coloration. In alcohol: (34) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: dorsal parts of head and dorsum greyishbrown with whitish zones and two black spots between eyes; flanks grey brown with rather large blackish spots; loreal region light brown with distinct dark brown spot; tympanic region including tympanum light brown with blackish line at supratympanic fold; upper lip light brown with brown bands. (35) Dorsal parts of limbs: dorsal part of forelimbs beige with brown crossbands on lower part; dorsal part of thigh, of shank and of foot beige with brown crossbands; posterior part of thigh brown with a few small white spots. (36) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat whitish with traces of brown; margin of throat light brown with whitish spots; chest whitish with few brown spots; belly whitish with dense brown spots; thigh light brown with whitish spots; webbing brown; macroglands white.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9993075AB3F98EFAD2F8B1" blockId="51.[151,1437,1277,1936]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
In life (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF9993075B6FF98DFE16F991" box="[283,416,1613,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[151,249,1470,1493]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1449]" captionTargetId="figure-278@52.[151,1436,183,1449]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. Specimens of Leptolalax in life. (A) L. aereus, MNHN 2005.0235, adult male, SVL 25.8 mm; (B) L. aereus, ZFMK 71346, adult male in its natural habitat, SVL 29.8 mm; (C) L. aereus, ZFMK 71347, adult male, SVL 29.8 mm; (D) L. aereus, ZFMK 79861, subadult male, SVL 23.4 mm; (E) L. ventripunctatus, MNHN 2005.121, adult male, SVL 24.6 mm; (F) L. ventripunctatus, adult male, not collected, in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246795/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 23E–F</figureCitation>
): Iris copper in upper third, grey brown in lower part. Dorsal parts of head, of back and of upper part of flanks grey brown with darker spots and black spots between eyes; lower part of flanks greyish with black spots; loreal and tympanic region brown with black canthal and supratympanic band; tympanum brown; upper lip brown with blackish bands; upper part of forelimb orange; lower part greyish brown with blackish bands; thigh, shank and foot greyish brown with black crossbands; posterior part of thigh greyish brown with dark brown bands; throat light grey, transparent; border of throat grey with white spots; chest and belly creamy white with brown spots; ventral part of thigh dark grey brown with white dots; webbing grey brown. Macroglands white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9993075AB3F893FEC2F864" blockId="51.[151,1437,1277,1936]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Male secondary sexual characters: (38) Vocal sacs present; indistinct on throat; pair, slit-like openings posterior on mouth floor.</paragraph>
<caption id="74EC6600FF9E93005AE3FA7EFD40F9C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5246795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246795/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[151,249,1470,1493]" targetBox="[151,1436,183,1449]" targetPageId="52">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9E93005AE3FA7EFD40F9C4" blockId="52.[151,1436,1470,1584]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005AE3FA7EFE97FA21" bold="true" box="[151,289,1470,1493]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9E93005BCAFA7EFD9CFA20" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1980" box="[446,554,1470,1492]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005BCAFA7EFD9CFA20" box="[446,554,1470,1492]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Leptolalax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in life. (A)
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9E930058D8FA7FFCDEFA20" authority=", MNHN" authorityName="MNHN" box="[684,872,1471,1492]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aereus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E930058D8FA7FFCBDFA20" box="[684,779,1471,1492]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. aereus</emphasis>
, MNHN
</taxonomicName>
2005.0235, adult male, SVL 25.8 mm; (B)
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9E93005F42FA7FFF6BFA07" authority=", ZFMK" authorityName="ZFMK" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aereus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005F42FA7FFA20FA20" box="[1334,1430,1471,1492]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. aereus</emphasis>
, ZFMK
</taxonomicName>
71346, adult male in its natural habitat, SVL 29.8 mm; (C)
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9E93005936FA1EFC45FA07" authority=", ZFMK" authorityName="ZFMK" box="[834,1011,1502,1523]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aereus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005936FA1EFC29FA07" box="[834,927,1502,1523]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. aereus</emphasis>
, ZFMK
</taxonomicName>
71347, adult male, SVL 29.8 mm; (D)
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9E93005FF3FA1EFE9AF9E5" authority=", ZFMK" authorityName="ZFMK" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aereus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005FF3FA1EFA23FA07" box="[1415,1429,1502,1523]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005AE3FA3CFF6FF9E5" box="[151,217,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">aereus</emphasis>
, ZFMK
</taxonomicName>
79861, subadult male, SVL 23.4 mm; (E)
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9E93005894FA3CFC45F9E5" authority=", MNHN" authorityName="MNHN" box="[736,1011,1532,1553]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005894FA3CFC2EF9E5" box="[736,920,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. ventripunctatus</emphasis>
, MNHN
</taxonomicName>
2005.121, adult male, SVL 24.6 mm; (F)
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9E93005AE3F9DBFEF9F9C4" box="[151,335,1563,1584]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005AE3F9DBFEF9F9C4" box="[151,335,1563,1584]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. ventripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male, not collected, in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9E93005AB3F997FE11F928" blockId="52.[151,1436,1623,2007]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005AB3F997FEF7F984" bold="true" box="[199,321,1623,1648]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">Variation.</emphasis>
Specimens are rather homogenous in colour pattern and show only minor variation in extent of dark pattern on ventral side and presence of spots on dorsum and lateral side. The specimens also show some variation in presence of warts and skin ridges. Female sexual characters: oviduct convoluted, translucent; ovary with small creamy whitish oocytes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9E93005AB3F927FA96F8D0" blockId="52.[151,1436,1623,2007]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">The lateroventral glandular ridges are continous in all specimens. There is some variation in size and shape of femoral and axillary glands that are smaller in some specimens and more or less oval or round in shape.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9E93005AB3F8F0FE32F87B" blockId="52.[151,1436,1623,2007]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005AB3F8F0FE9BF8BC" box="[199,301,1840,1864]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9E93005AB3F8F0FE90F8BC" bold="true" box="[199,294,1840,1864]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Tadpole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The external morphology is based on a DNA voucher specimen in stage 33 (MNHN 2006.2576; BL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9E93005AE3F894FEB7F898" box="[151,257,1876,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="16.1">16.1 mm</quantity>
). The description of the tail which is missing in the DNA voucher is based on a specimen in stage 36 (MNHN 2006.2578).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9E93015AB3F85CFED2FE73" blockId="52.[151,1436,1623,2007]" lastBlockId="53.[151,1436,151,391]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
In dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF9E93005B03F85CFE56F840" box="[375,480,1948,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,249,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1401,462,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-187@53.[151,1436,445,1944]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Tadpole of Leptolalax ventripunctatus. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of a specimen in stage 33 (MNHN 2006.2576), scale bar = 10 mm; (C) oral disc of a specimen in stage 29 artificially expanded (MNHN 2006.2577), scale bar = 1 mm. Tip of tail cut for tissue sampling." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247480/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
), body elliptical elongate. In lateral view (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF9E930059CFF85CFB94F840" box="[955,1058,1948,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,249,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1401,462,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-187@53.[151,1436,445,1944]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Tadpole of Leptolalax ventripunctatus. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of a specimen in stage 33 (MNHN 2006.2576), scale bar = 10 mm; (C) oral disc of a specimen in stage 29 artificially expanded (MNHN 2006.2577), scale bar = 1 mm. Tip of tail cut for tissue sampling." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247480/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
), BW 134 % of BH. Eyes moderately sized, ED 9.6 % of BL, bulging. Nares moderately sized, RN 40 % of NP; NN 77 % of PP. Spiracle is a short tube, small, SS 50 % of BL; opening crescent-shaped, situated on an axis just below apex of myotomes of caudal muscle. Tail long; tail musculature, TMH 82 % of BH, TMW 62 % BW, slightly bulging on less than the proximal third, almost reaching tail tip. Upper fin,
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF9F93015811FF1FFD3FFF03" box="[613,649,223,247]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">SU</collectingRegion>
108 % of BL, almost nonexistent in its proximal third then increasing rather abruptly; lower fin convex, following largely the caudal muscle; point of maximum height of tail located before its proximal third. Anal tube moderately sized. Lateral line system as in
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9F93015E54FEE9FB2CFEB4" box="[1056,1178,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourreti">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9F93015E54FEE9FB2CFEB4" box="[1056,1178,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. bourreti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but with an additional line running vertically on the lateral sac from the ventral line until the beginning of the ventral part. Glands present but faintly visible.
</paragraph>
<caption id="74EC6600FF9F93015AE3F85FFD95F806" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247480/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,249,1951,1974]" targetBox="[175,1401,462,1918]" targetPageId="53">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9F93015AE3F85FFD95F806" blockId="53.[151,1436,1951,2034]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9F93015AE3F85FFE94F842" bold="true" box="[151,290,1951,1974]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
Tadpole of
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9F93015BD1F85FFD76F841" box="[421,704,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9F93015BD1F85FFD0AF841" box="[421,700,1951,1973]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">Leptolalax ventripunctatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
(A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of a specimen in stage 33 (MNHN 2006.2576), scale bar = 10 mm; (C) oral disc of a specimen in stage 29 artificially expanded (MNHN 2006.2577), scale bar = 1 mm. Tip of tail cut for tissue sampling.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9C93025AB3FF57FE33FE41" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Oral disc (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF9C93025B49FF57FE17FF5B" box="[317,417,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,249,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[175,1401,462,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-187@53.[151,1436,445,1944]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Tadpole of Leptolalax ventripunctatus. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of a specimen in stage 33 (MNHN 2006.2576), scale bar = 10 mm; (C) oral disc of a specimen in stage 29 artificially expanded (MNHN 2006.2577), scale bar = 1 mm. Tip of tail cut for tissue sampling." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247480/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
) moderately sized, ODW 28 % of BL and 52 % of BW. Marginal papillae of lower labium smaller than those of upper labium and more or less round to short, cylindrical, decreasing in size towards centre then increasing again at the extremity of indentation with four larger papillae; five submarginal papillae on left side and two on right side on lower labium at commissure and in front of keratodont rows P1 and P2. No denticulate papillae. KRF 1:4+4/3+3:1, A4&gt; A5&gt; A3&gt; A2&gt; A1; P2 = P1&gt; P3&gt; P4; A1 about half of P4. Details of keratodonts not studied. Jaw sheaths black; upper sheath a large arch with a median convexity formed by the three median serrations, the median one bigger and stronger than the others; lower sheath hidden, arranged deeply under the upper jaw sheath.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9C93025AB3FE02FC77FDD1" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Coloration in life: Tadpole MNHN 2006.2578 reddish dorsally with indistinct spots; lateral body light grey with distinct grey spots; belly greyish white. Tadpole MNHN 2006.2577 uniformly greyish brown, its tail beige with dark spots; belly bluish white; oral region whitish grey; iris golden.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9C93025AB3FDF2FB64FD2B" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Coloration in preservative: upper part of body sandy orange, the colour fading from before eyes to snout. Flanks (lymphatic sacs) grey ochre. Ventral side of body dirty white. Caudal muscle from sandy for the upper part to ivory for the lower part in gradation; small light brown spots more numerous on the upper part than on the lower part, giving a mottled aspect. Fins translucent with the same small spots as those on the caudal muscle but forming small blotches isolated from each other on the upper fin; lower fin spotless. Rims of nares white.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9C93025AB3FD2DFA3DFB6B" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Tadpole variation is described on the basis of 12 other specimens, except when noted (MNHN 2006.2577, 2006.2579–2588, in stages 25–36, TOL 31.0–
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9C930258EFFCD2FD48FCDE" box="[667,766,786,810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.59" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="55.9">55.9 mm</quantity>
and BL 9.0–
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9C930259E0FCD2FC4CFCDE" box="[916,1018,786,810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="16.1">16.1 mm</quantity>
). Only the ratio values different from those of the described specimen are given: BW 129–144 % of BH; ED 8.4–10.7 % of BL; RN 35–58 % NP; NN 70–82 % of PP; SS 42–53 % of BL; TAL 212–251 % of BL (
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C9302592AFC9EFCDAFC81" box="[862,876,862,885]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
= 11); TMH 63–85 % of BH; TMH 53–70 % of MTH (
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025A91FC43FF45FC6E" box="[229,243,899,922]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
= 11); TMW 48–61 % of BW; UF 28–36 % of MTH (
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C9302592CFC43FCD0FC6E" box="[856,870,899,922]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
= 11);
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF9C930259CCFC42FC6DFC6E" box="[952,987,898,922]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">SU</collectingRegion>
92–116 % of BL; LF 22–29 % of MTH (
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025AD4FC68FF18FC4B" box="[160,174,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
= 11); MTH 115–126 % of BH (
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C9302585CFC68FD80FC4B" box="[552,566,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
= 11); ODW 25–32 % of BL (
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C930259E3FC68FC13FC4B" box="[919,933,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
= 11); ODW 43–49 % of BW (
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025F7BFC68FAABFC4B" box="[1295,1309,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
= 11). The more the tadpoles are in advanced stages, the more their upper fin begins close to body end. The upper fin increases at the first quarter and the lower fin can be straight and so increasing in height anteroposteriorly in a few specimens. The KRF varies from 1:2+2/2+2:1 (stage 25) to 1:4+4/3+3:1 (stages 29–36) through the intermediate KRF 1:3+3/2+2:1 (stages 25–34) and 1:3+3/3+3:1 (stages 27–28). The coloration of the tail is more extended on most of the other specimens: proximal half of caudal muscle tan, this coloration grouping in blotches on the distal half with the ground colour beige, similar blotches on the distal third of the lower fin, upper fin smoked with tan pigments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9C93025AB3FB6DFF5FFAFB" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
The lateral spots in the tadpole series described herein are less pronounced than in those figured by
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FF9C93025F43FB6DFF52FB1E" author="Fei, L. &amp; Hu, C. &amp; Ye, C. - Y. &amp; Huang, Y." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref57453" refString="Fei, L., Hu, C., Ye, C. - Y. &amp; Huang, Y. (2009) Fauna Sinica. Amphibia. Volume 2. Anura. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Science, Science Press." type="book" year="2009">
Fei
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025F17FB6EFA2AFB31" box="[1379,1436,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
. We assume that this might be due to the strong contrast between black and white in the drawing of
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FF9C93025F4FFB12FF53FAFB" author="Fei, L. &amp; Hu, C. &amp; Ye, C. - Y. &amp; Huang, Y." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref57453" refString="Fei, L., Hu, C., Ye, C. - Y. &amp; Huang, Y. (2009) Fauna Sinica. Amphibia. Volume 2. Anura. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Science, Science Press." type="book" year="2009">
Fei
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025F10FB13FA2AFB1F" box="[1380,1436,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FF9C93025AB3FADDFD94F844" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9C93025AB3FADDFC9CFAAE" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025AB3FADDFE02FAC2" bold="true" box="[199,436,1309,1334]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025AB3FADDFED6FAC2" box="[199,352,1309,1334]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="58847618FF9C93025B1FFADDFE02FAC2" box="[363,436,1309,1334]" name="China" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF9C93025BBCFADEFD3AFAC1" box="[456,652,1309,1333]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
(Mengla County);
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025905FADDFC1DFAC1" bold="true" box="[881,939,1309,1333]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<collectingCountry id="58847618FF9C93025905FADDFC1DFAC1" box="[881,939,1309,1333]" name="Laos" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Laos</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF9C930259CAFADDFB17FAC1" box="[958,1185,1309,1333]" country="Laos" name="Phongsali" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Phongsaly Province</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF9C93025EC1FADDFA26FAC1" box="[1205,1424,1309,1333]" country="Laos" name="Phongsali" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Phongsaly District</collectingRegion>
);
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025AE3FA82FF4BFAAF" bold="true" box="[151,253,1346,1371]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<collectingCountry id="58847618FF9C93025AE3FA82FF4BFAAF" box="[151,253,1346,1371]" name="Vietnam" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFF9C93025B7FFA82FE5CFAAE" box="[267,490,1346,1370]" country="Vietnam" name="Vinh Phuc" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Vinh Phuc Province</collectingRegion>
(Vinh Yen District) (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF9C930258ACFA82FCAAFAAE" box="[728,796,1346,1370]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,249,1281,1304]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,621,1260]" captionTargetId="figure-456@30.[151,1436,621,1260]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of localities of specimens of subgenus Lalos studied in this work. Onymotopes are indicted as stars. Olive green—pelodytoides; blue—L. minimus form 2; orange yellow—L. minimus; red—L. aereus; grey—L. eos; light green – L. ventripunctatus; white—L. bourreti; black—L. pluvialis; yellow—L. nyx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246773/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9C93025AB3FAA8FDD7F95E" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025AB3FAA8FE33FA74" bold="true" box="[199,389,1383,1408]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">Natural history.</emphasis>
Specimens were found (
<date id="542D1048FF9C930258E9FAA7FCBAFA8B" box="[669,780,1383,1407]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2004-07">July 2004</date>
and
<date id="542D1048FF9C93025930FAA7FBE6FA8B" box="[836,1104,1383,1407]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2005-01" valueMax="2005-02-31" valueMin="2005-01-00">January–February 2005</date>
) in forests at a distance up to
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFF9C93025AE3FA4DFF77FA51" box="[151,193,1421,1445]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
from small rivulets (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFF9C93025BDFFA4DFDA5FA51" box="[427,531,1421,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="69.[151,249,1809,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,509,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-217@69.[151,1436,509,1788]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 36. Habitat of species of Leptolalax. (A) stream near Long Nai, habitat of L. eos and L. ventripunctatus; (B) stream at Houey Ban, habitat of L. minimus form 2; (C) stream near Ban Kengkoung, habitat of L. minimus; (D) stream at Ha Tinh, habitat of L. aereus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246835/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 36A</figureCitation>
). Most specimens were very close to the water at a distance of
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. They were sitting either on the ground (stones, sand, earth) or above the ground on leaves or rocks, usually covered by low vegetation. Only a few specimens were sitting in the water. Most of the specimens were in breeding condition. The tadpoles were collected in a puddle of 40 ×
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along a stream (but connected to the stream) with a weak current. They were usually motionless on the bottom, hidden within the gravel. Another specimen was collected in a stream of a width of
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and a maximum depth of
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, at a depth of
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. The bottom was covered of stones and dead leaves under which the tadpoles were hidden. In these streams, adults of
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9C93025E4CF9AEFABBF971" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1080,1293,1645,1669]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuhlii">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025E4CF9AEFABBF971" box="[1080,1293,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Limnonectes kuhlii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025F31F9ADFF64F95F" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Polypedates</emphasis>
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“
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025A91F953FED9F95F" box="[229,367,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">leucomystax</emphasis>
” were also observed.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025AB3F978FDD0F924" bold="true" box="[199,614,1719,1744]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">Placement in molecular phylogeny.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9C93025818F978FC2EF93B" box="[620,920,1720,1744]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025818F978FC2EF93B" box="[620,920,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Leptolalax ventripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is part of a highly supported clade that groups
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025AE3F91EFEA5F901" box="[151,275,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9C93025B55F91EFE3EF901" box="[289,392,1758,1781]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aereus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025B55F91EFE3EF901" box="[289,392,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. aereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9C93025BE2F91EFDA5F901" box="[406,531,1757,1781]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pluvialis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025BE2F91EFDA5F901" box="[406,531,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. pluvialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9C9302583EF91EFD39F901" box="[586,655,1758,1781]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyx">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C9302583EF91EFD39F901" box="[586,655,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. nyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimens allocated to
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9C930259A7F91EFB28F901" box="[979,1182,1758,1781]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C930259A7F91EFB28F901" box="[979,1182,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. ventripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a well supported clade which, with no support, is sister to the clade that goups
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9C9302593CF8C3FC72F8EE" box="[840,964,1795,1818]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C9302593CF8C3FC72F8EE" box="[840,964,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9C9302598FF8C3FBD7F8EE" box="[1019,1121,1795,1818]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aereus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C9302598FF8C3FBD7F8EE" box="[1019,1121,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. aereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FF9C93025AB3F8E7FD94F844" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025AB3F8E7FE0AF8B4" bold="true" box="[199,444,1831,1856]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">Conservation status.</emphasis>
This work adds more data on distribution and extent of occurence of this species. It is relatively abundant in convenient habitat, within its relatively small range. It might encounter threats by habitat loss through shift and burning agriculture. We propose therefore to change the status of
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFF9C93025EFAF8B3FAEAF87E" box="[1166,1372,1907,1930]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFF9C93025EFAF8B3FAEAF87E" box="[1166,1372,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. ventripunctatus</emphasis>
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from Data Deficient to Near Threatened.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5AE3FE77FDA6FE25" bold="true" box="[151,528,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptolalax (Lalos) pelodytoides</emphasis>
(
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(
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Fig. 7
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8
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, pl. 11.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB1932F5AE3FD81FEA5FD82" blockId="27.[151,1436,546,660]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FFB1932F5AE3FD81FEB9FD82" collectionCode="MSNG" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="MSNG 29845" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
Onymophoront: Lectophoront (
<typeStatus id="FF28882AFFB1932F5B95FD81FDF7FDA3" box="[481,577,577,599]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
) by subsequent designation of
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB1932F59EDFD81FB2FFDA3" author="Capocaccia, L." box="[921,1177,577,599]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="208 - 222" refId="ref56207" refString="Capocaccia, L. (1957) Catalogo dei tipi di anfibi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 69, 208 - 222." type="journal article" year="1957">Capocaccia (1957: 212)</bibRefCitation>
,
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FFB1932F5EDDFD81FAF5FDA3" box="[1193,1347,577,599]" collectionCode="MSNG" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MSNG 29845</specimenCode>
.A, adult female
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB1932F5AE3FDBEFB53FD60" box="[151,1253,638,660]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB1932F5AE3FDBEFB53FD60" blockId="27.[151,1436,546,660]" box="[151,1253,638,660]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FFB1932F5AE3FDBEFB57FD60" box="[151,1249,638,660]" country="Myanmar" latitude="17.133333" location="Leonardo Fea" longLatPrecision="1279" longitude="98.01667" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kayah">
Onymotope: Thao [Thamo] (
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFFB1932F5BC9FDBEFDABFD60" box="[445,541,638,660]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="17.133333">17°08’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFFB1932F5853FDBEFD33FD60" box="[551,645,638,660]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="98.01667">98°01’ E</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB1932F58ECFDBEFCA2FD60" box="[664,788,638,660]" country="Myanmar" name="Kayah" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Kayah State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB1932F596BFDBFFCC8FD60" box="[799,894,639,660]" name="Myanmar" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
. Collected by
<location id="254C6053FFB1932F5E66FDBEFB17FD60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFFB1932A5AE3FE77FB45FDC8:254C6053FFB1932F5E66FDBEFB17FD60" box="[1042,1185,638,660]" country="Myanmar" latitude="17.133333" longLatPrecision="1279" longitude="98.01667" name="Leonardo Fea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Kayah">Leonardo Fea</location>
, 1885
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB1932F5AE3FD01FE01FC9D" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB1932F5AE3FD01FE01FC9D" blockId="27.[151,1437,705,1989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5AE3FD01FDB2FD2D" bold="true" box="[151,516,705,730]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5AE3FD01FE35FD2E" box="[151,387,705,730]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB1932F5BF8FD01FDB2FD2D" box="[396,516,705,729]" name="Myanmar" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Thao, Karin Hills:
<collectionCode id="4682AE4DFFB1932F5885FD02FCF3FD2D" box="[753,837,706,729]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">BMNH</collectionCode>
1947.2.25.14, exonymophoront, adult male;
<collectionCode id="4682AE4DFFB1932F5F3FFD01FA2AFD2D" box="[1355,1436,705,729]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MSNG</collectionCode>
29845.A, lectophoront, adult female, coll. Leonardo Fea, 1885; — Karin Bia-po (
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB1932F5E40FD25FB71FD09" box="[1076,1223,741,765]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="800.0">800–1000 m</quantity>
):
<collectionCode id="4682AE4DFFB1932F5EA8FD25FA9BFD09" box="[1244,1325,741,765]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MSNG</collectionCode>
29845.B, adult female, exonymophoront, coll. Leonardo Fea, 1885; — Carin Ghecú [Caim Gheena, near Thao] (
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB1932F5F68FCC9FF07FCB1" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1350.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300–1400 m</quantity>
):
<collectionCode id="4682AE4DFFB1932F5AB2FCEEFEADFCB1" box="[198,283,814,837]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MNHN</collectionCode>
1893.519, adult male;
<collectionCode id="4682AE4DFFB1932F5856FCEEFDE8FCB1" box="[546,606,814,837]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
11588, adult male, coll. Leonardo Fea, 1885;
<collectionCode id="4682AE4DFFB1932F5E1AFCEEFB1AFCB1" box="[1134,1196,814,837]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="3FC0AB6BFFB1932F5EC1FCEDFAA7FCB1" box="[1205,1297,813,837]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A02413" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="EnaNcbi">A02413</accessionNumber>
, adult male, coll. Leonardo Fea, 1885.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB1932F5AB3FCB5FBE5F951" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB1932F5AB3FCB5FA80FB59" blockId="27.[151,1437,705,1989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5AB3FCB5FEF2FC7A" bold="true" box="[199,324,885,910]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">Comment.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB1932F5B39FCB5FDA3FC79" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[333,533,885,909]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="304 - 347" refId="ref55947" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Concluding report on the reptiles and batrachians obtained in Burma by Signor L. Fea, dealing with the collection made in Pegu and the Karin Hills in 1887 - 88. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, (2 a) 13, 304 - 347, pl. 307 - 312." type="journal article" year="1893">Boulenger (1893)</bibRefCitation>
described the species based on
<specimenCount id="3695FD01FFB1932F59F2FCB5FBF6FC79" box="[902,1088,885,909]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
: two from Thao and one from Karin Bia-po (near Leiktho:
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFFB1932F5BAAFC59FDFCFC45" box="[478,586,921,945]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="19.216667">19°13’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFFB1932F5823FC59FD77FC45" box="[599,705,921,945]" degrees="96" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="96.566666">96°34’ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB1932F58BAFC59FCD6FC45" box="[718,864,921,945]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="800.0">800–1000 m</quantity>
;
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB1932F5919FC59FC40FC45" box="[877,1014,921,945]" country="Myanmar" name="Kayin" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Kayin State</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB1932F5E7FFC5AFBCCFC46" box="[1035,1146,922,946]" name="Myanmar" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
. He presented a figure of specimen BMNH 1947.2.25.14, adult male, which is now an exonymophoront.
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB1932F5E65FC7DFAABFC21" author="Capocaccia, L." box="[1041,1309,957,981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="208 - 222" refId="ref56207" refString="Capocaccia, L. (1957) Catalogo dei tipi di anfibi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 69, 208 - 222." type="journal article" year="1957">Capocaccia (1957: 212)</bibRefCitation>
designated the female specimen MSNG 29845.A from Thao as lectophoront of this nominal taxon. The
<specimenCount id="3695FD01FFB1932F5EC6FC22FAEEFC0D" box="[1202,1368,993,1017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
show some difference in colour pattern and morphology. The lectophoront designation of Capocaccia created some taxonomic problems as she did not choose the figured specimen as lectophoront as recommended by the
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5F7CFBE9FDAFFB91" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</emphasis>
: most taxonomists only have access to this figure and the description of Boulenger. But the species is now defined by the
<typeStatus id="FF28882AFFB1932F58EAFBB1FCB1FB7D" box="[670,775,1137,1161]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, and the following description of the lectophoront and the figure of the specimen will make the characters of the species available to the community of taxonomists.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB1932F5AB3FB79FC34FA71" blockId="27.[151,1437,705,1989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
The first described species nomen available for the genus
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5921FB79FC7BFB25" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1980" box="[853,973,1209,1233]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5921FB79FC7BFB25" box="[853,973,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptolalax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F59A8FB79FAF4FB25" authority="Anderson, 1871" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="1871" box="[988,1346,1209,1233]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Ixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F59A8FB79FB32FB25" box="[988,1156,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ixalus lateralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB1932F5EF8FB79FAF4FB25" author="Anderson, J." box="[1164,1346,1209,1233]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="12 - 39" refId="ref55775" refString="Anderson, J. (1871) A list of the reptilian accession to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from 1865 to 1870, with a description of some new species. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 40, 12 - 39." type="journal article" year="1871">Anderson, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is allocated to a species which is known from its onymotope in
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB1932F5955FB1DFC3AFB01" box="[801,908,1245,1269]" country="India" name="Nagaland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nagaland</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB1932F59E8FB1DFC6FFB01" box="[924,985,1245,1269]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">India</collectingCountry>
) only (
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB1932F5E5DFB1DFAA5FB01" author="Humtsoe, L. N. &amp; Bordoloi, S. &amp; Ohler, A. &amp; Dubois, A." box="[1065,1299,1245,1269]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="24 - 34" refId="ref58311" refString="Humtsoe, L. N., Bordoloi, S., Ohler, A. &amp; Dubois, A. (2008) Rediscovery of a long known species, Ixalus lateralis Anderson, 1871. Zootaxa, 1921, 24 - 34." type="journal article" year="2008">
Humtsoe
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5EE3FB1EFB66FB01" box="[1175,1232,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
), and which is different from all other known species of the genus. In particular, it is distinct from
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5E28FAC1FEE6FAC9" authority="Boulenger, 1893" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5E28FAC1FA2DFAED" box="[1116,1435,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptobrachium pelodytoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB1932F5AE3FAE5FEE6FAC9" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[151,336,1317,1341]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="304 - 347" refId="ref55947" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Concluding report on the reptiles and batrachians obtained in Burma by Signor L. Fea, dealing with the collection made in Pegu and the Karin Hills in 1887 - 88. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, (2 a) 13, 304 - 347, pl. 307 - 312." type="journal article" year="1893">Boulenger, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as defined by the hypodigm by several consistent differences, including a smaller head in
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5F35FAE6FF76FA95" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="1871" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Ixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5F35FAE6FF76FA95" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5B6AFA8AFE7CFA95" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[286,458,1353,1377]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5B6AFA8AFE7CFA95" box="[286,458,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. pelodytoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These species can also be distinguished by the webbing, which is quite distinct in
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5FF1FA8AFE92FA71" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5FF1FA8AFE92FA71" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. pelodytoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but rudimentary in
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5877FAAEFCC8FA71" authority="(Humtsoe et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Humtsoe" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[515,894,1389,1413]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Ixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5877FAAEFDC8FA71" box="[515,638,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. lateralis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB1932F58F8FAADFCC0FA71" author="Humtsoe, L. N. &amp; Bordoloi, S. &amp; Ohler, A. &amp; Dubois, A." box="[652,886,1389,1413]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="24 - 34" refId="ref58311" refString="Humtsoe, L. N., Bordoloi, S., Ohler, A. &amp; Dubois, A. (2008) Rediscovery of a long known species, Ixalus lateralis Anderson, 1871. Zootaxa, 1921, 24 - 34." type="journal article" year="2008">
Humtsoe
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F588EFAAEFC84FA71" box="[762,818,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB1932F5AB3FA52FC47FA05" blockId="27.[151,1437,705,1989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5AB3FA52FEC5FA5D" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[199,371,1425,1449]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5AB3FA52FEC5FA5D" box="[199,371,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. pelodytoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB1932F5816FA52FD79FA5E" box="[610,719,1426,1450]" name="Myanmar" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
and no onymotopic material has been collected recently as the onymotope is in a part of the country which has been closed to scientists for many years. Thus only study of the original symphoronts can provide information on the identity of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB1932F5AB3FA3DFBE5F951" blockId="27.[151,1437,705,1989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
The name
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5B34FA3DFE7BF9E1" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[320,461,1533,1557]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5B34FA3DFE7BF9E1" box="[320,461,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pelodytoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been used for many populations of
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F59EDFA3DFBA7F9E1" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1980" box="[921,1041,1533,1557]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F59EDFA3DFBA7F9E1" box="[921,1041,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptolalax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB1932F5E2CFA3DFB28F9E1" box="[1112,1182,1533,1557]" name="China" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB1932F5EDFFA3DFABBF9E1" box="[1195,1293,1533,1557]" name="Vietnam" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB1932F5F6DFA3EFAE4F9E1" box="[1305,1362,1534,1557]" name="Laos" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB1932F5F2BFA3DFF71F9CD" name="Thailand" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB1932F5B75F9E2FEC6F9CE" box="[257,368,1570,1594]" name="Myanmar" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
. Our molecular data show that several clades can be recognized within the populations called
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5AE3F985FE92F9A9" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,292,1605,1629]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5AE3F985FE92F9A9" box="[151,292,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pelodytoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Morphological analysis (tables 3−5) and analysis of colour pattern (see below) give evidence that the nomen
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5A9EF9A9FD9CF975" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[234,554,1641,1665]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5A9EF9A9FD9CF975" box="[234,554,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptobrachium pelodytoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be applied to specimens from the Karin Hills only. Thus all other specimens mentioned as
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5B08F94EFD9EF951" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[380,552,1677,1701]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5B08F94EFD9EF951" box="[380,552,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. pelodytoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the literature should be allocated to other taxa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB1932F5AB3F971FAFBF889" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB1932F5AB3F971FAFBF889" blockId="27.[151,1437,705,1989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5AB3F971FEF7F93E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1713,1738]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F5B33F971FDE2F93D" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[327,596,1713,1737]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5B33F971FDE2F93D" box="[327,596,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptolalax pelodytoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB1932F59EAF971FC6AF93D" authorityName="Dubois, Grosjean, Ohler, Adler &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2010" box="[926,988,1713,1737]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Lalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F59EAF971FC6AF93D" box="[926,988,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of a lateroventral gland and distinguished from other species included in this subgenus by the following combination of characters: large-sized species (males
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB1932F5BB4F939FDD3F8E5" box="[448,613,1785,1809]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9899999999999998" metricValueMax="3.2299999999999995" metricValueMin="2.75" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="29.9" valueMax="32.3" valueMin="27.5">27.5–32.3 mm</quantity>
; females
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB1932F58B9F939FCC6F8E5" box="[717,880,1785,1809]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.665" metricValueMax="3.78" metricValueMin="3.55" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="36.65" valueMax="37.8" valueMin="35.5">35.5–37.8 mm</quantity>
) (
<tableCitation id="6D110333FFB1932F59F2F939FC6CF8E5" box="[902,986,1785,1809]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[184,276,462,486]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of specimens of Leptolalax (Lalos). Data are either from observation of specimens mentioned in the relevant chapters on species or from literature. In squared brackets: if not available as measures in mm ratios of SVL expressed as per thousands are given. For references see Table 5." pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Table 3</tableCitation>
) with small webbing on feet and narrow fringes on toes; distinct tympanum; dermal ridges under toes poorly distinct; finger tips slightly dilated; dorsum with glandular warts and short elongate ridges (Table 4); dorsal pattern distinct including dark outlines on warts and foldings; large dark spots on flanks present; ventral side whitish; iris colour in life not known (
<tableCitation id="6D110333FFB1932F5E9CF8A5FA89F889" box="[1256,1343,1893,1917]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[147,239,355,379]" captionText="TABLE 5. Coloration patterns and eye colour of specimens of Leptolalax (Lalos). Data are either from observation of specimens mentioned in the relevant chapters on species or from literature." pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Table 5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB1932A5AB3F849FC5BFF03" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB1932F5AB3F849FE80F831" blockId="27.[151,1437,705,1989]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5AB3F849FDAEF855" box="[199,536,1929,1954]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB1932F5AB3F849FDA4F856" bold="true" box="[199,530,1929,1954]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description of lectophoront</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Size and general aspect. (1) Specimen of moderate size (SVL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB1932F5E92F849FAF9F855" box="[1254,1359,1929,1953]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.78" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="37.8">37.8 mm</quantity>
), body rather slender.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB693285AB3FF57FA26FE73" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Head. (2) Head of medium size, narrower (HW
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285884FF57FCEEFF5B" box="[752,856,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 mm</quantity>
) than long (HL 13.0 mm; MN
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285EB5FF57FA9FFF5B" box="[1217,1321,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="11.3">11.3 mm</quantity>
; MFE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285F0DFF57FF70FF27" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
; MBE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285B62FF7CFEC7FF20" box="[278,369,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
), flat. (3) Snout slightly protruding, its length (SL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB6932859D8FF7CFBB1FF20" box="[940,1031,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
), longer than horizontal diameter of eye (EL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285A8CFF1FFEE5FF03" box="[248,339,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
). (4) Canthus rostralis distinct, loreal region concave, vertical. (5) Interorbital space flat, about as large (IUE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285B67FEC4FEDCFEE8" box="[275,362,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
) as upper eyelid (UEW
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285803FEC4FD78FEE8" box="[631,718,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
) and internarial distance (IN
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285E60FEC4FBD8FEE8" box="[1044,1134,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
); distance between front of eyes (IFE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285B7EFEE7FED7FECB" box="[266,353,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
) more than half of distance between back of eyes (IBE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB6932859B9FEE7FB91FECB" box="[973,1063,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
). (6) Nostrils oval, about as close to tip of snout (NS
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285B18FE8CFE74FE90" box="[364,450,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
) as to eye (EN
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285819FE8CFD71FE90" box="[621,711,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
). (8) Tympanum (TYD
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB6932859BBFE8CFB90FE90" box="[975,1062,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
) distinct, rounded; about equal to half eye diameter, tympanum-eye distance (TYE
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB6932858CAFEAFFCA3FE73" box="[702,789,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
) three-fourths of its diameter. (11) Tongue not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="74EC6600FFB693285AE3FB5EFF78FB27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246767" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5246767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246767/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[151,249,1182,1205]" targetBox="[151,1436,445,1161]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB693285AE3FB5EFF78FB27" blockId="28.[151,1435,1182,1235]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB693285AE3FB5EFEA5FB40" bold="true" box="[151,275,1182,1205]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB693285B6EFB5FFDD2FB40" authority=", MSNG" authorityName="MSNG" box="[282,612,1182,1205]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB693285B6EFB5FFDB8FB41" box="[282,526,1183,1205]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leptolalax pelodytoides</emphasis>
, MSNG
</taxonomicName>
29845.A, lectophoront, adult female, SVL 37.8 mm. (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB693285AB3FB3AFF57FAAE" blockId="28.[151,1437,1274,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Forelimbs. (12) Forearm rather long, thin (FLL 9.0 mm), about length of hand (HAL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285EEDFB3AFB42FAE6" box="[1177,1268,1274,1298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="9.1">9.1 mm</quantity>
), not enlarged. (13) Fingers rather long and thin (TFL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285838FADFFD13FAC3" box="[588,677,1311,1335]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
). (15) Tips of fingers slightly enlarged. (16) Fingers without dermal fringe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB693285AB3FAA7FC36F9C6" blockId="28.[151,1437,1274,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Hindlimbs. (19) Shanks about four times longer (TL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285963FAA7FCCAFA8B" box="[791,892,1383,1407]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="16.4">16.4 mm</quantity>
) than wide (TW
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285E4FFAA7FB23FA8B" box="[1083,1173,1383,1407]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
), about as long as thigh (FL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285ABDFA4AFE98FA56" box="[201,302,1418,1442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="16.9">16.9 mm</quantity>
) and distance from base of internal metatarsal tubercle to tip of toe IV (FOL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285EEEFA4AFAB5FA56" box="[1178,1283,1418,1442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="16.2">16.2 mm</quantity>
). (20) Toe IV (FTL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285AAEFA6FFE84FA33" box="[218,306,1455,1479]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
) about one-third of distance from base of tarsus to tip of toe IV (TFOL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285E17FA6FFB7AFA33" box="[1123,1228,1455,1479]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="23.6">23.6 mm</quantity>
). (22) Tips of toes not enlarged. (23) Webbing small: I 2 – 2 ½ I 1 ½ – 3 III 2 ½ − 3 ¾ IV 4 – 3 V (MTTF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285EF2FA12FB56FA1E" box="[1158,1248,1490,1514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
; MTFF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285F49FA12FA2EFA1E" box="[1341,1432,1490,1514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
; TFTF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285AABFA37FE8EF9FA" box="[223,312,1527,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
; FFTF
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285BFDFA37FE55F9FB" box="[393,483,1527,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="9.9">9.9 mm</quantity>
). (24) Narrow fringe along toes present. (26) Inner metatarsal tubercle short, distinct; its length (IMT
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB693285B3DF9DAFE16F9C6" box="[329,416,1562,1586]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
) 2.3 times in length of toe I (ITL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB69328596EF9DAFCC2F9C6" box="[794,884,1562,1586]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB693285AB3F9FFFCB2F8DB" blockId="28.[151,1437,1274,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Skin. (29) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: snout and region between the eyes with small glandular warts, side of head smooth with horny spinules; back with glandular folds on shoulder and side of back forming discontinuous ridges, flanks with glandular warts. (30) Supratympanic fold distinct, from eye to above shoulder. (31) Dorsal parts of forelimb, thigh and tarsus smooth, leg with few glandular warts. (32) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat, chest, belly and thigh smooth. (33) Presence of macroglands: lateroventral gland present as short continuous glandular ridge in anterior part of flank continuing as separate glands in line; large femoral and axillary glands; relatively smaller suprabrachial glands.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB693295AB3F8FAFD48FF20" blockId="28.[151,1437,1274,2018]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1435,151,248]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Coloration. In alcohol. (34) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: brown with indistinct darker outline on warts and ridges; lower part of flanks greyish brown with 8 on the left, 10 on the right, large brown spots; tympanic region brown with blackish brown line on tympanic fold; upper lip light brown with dark brown bands. (35) Dorsal parts of limbs: proximal part of forelimbs light beige, distal part slightly darker with brown crossbands; dorsal part of thigh, of shank and of foot light brown with indistinct, incomplete darker brown crossbands; posterior part of thigh beige with large distinct dark brown spots. (36) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: dirty white with fine brown spots on margin of throat; webbing light brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB793295AB3FF1FFB71FF0C" blockId="29.[151,1435,151,248]" box="[199,1223,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sexual characters. (40) Oviduct convoluted. (41) Ovary with large creamy-whitish oocytes.</paragraph>
<caption id="74EC6600FFB793295AE3FAD3FC8FFABC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246769" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5246769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246769/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[151,249,1299,1322]" targetBox="[166,1423,292,1279]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB793295AE3FAD3FC8FFABC" blockId="29.[151,1436,1299,1352]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB793295AE3FAD3FEA5FADE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1299,1322]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB793295B68FAD4FDD1FADE" authority=", MSNG" authorityName="MSNG" box="[284,615,1300,1322]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB793295B68FAD4FDA6FADE" box="[284,528,1300,1322]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Leptolalax pelodytoides</emphasis>
, MSNG
</taxonomicName>
29845.A, lectophoront, adult female. (A) Lateral view of head, ventral view of (B) right foot and of (C) right hand. Scale bar = 5 mm (3 + 2 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB793295AB3FAB5FACAF8C9" blockId="29.[151,1437,1397,2034]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB793295AB3FAB5FEF7FA7A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1397,1422]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">Variation.</emphasis>
The female lectophoront MSNG 29845. A shows a poorly distinct darker zone on snout, an indistinct triangle between eyes and spots and lines outlining the warts and ridges on dorsum. The basic dorsal colour is brown. The flanks are covered by a series of small black spots. The venter is whitish with brown spots on the bor- der of throat and the shanks are brown coloured in their posterior part. The male exonymophoront BMNH 1947.2.25.14 figured by
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB793295BDEF9C5FDC6F9E9" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[426,624,1541,1565]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="304 - 347" refId="ref55947" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Concluding report on the reptiles and batrachians obtained in Burma by Signor L. Fea, dealing with the collection made in Pegu and the Karin Hills in 1887 - 88. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, (2 a) 13, 304 - 347, pl. 307 - 312." type="journal article" year="1893">Boulenger (1893)</bibRefCitation>
shows snout spots and a triangle between the eyes linked to the shoulder spots; a single spot is present in the anterior and another spot in the posterior part of the iliac region; these spots show a fine outline. The flanks show a series of dark rather large-sized distinct spots. The warts appear lighter than the back but their dark outline is not visible in drawing.
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB793295970F9B1FC7FF97D" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[772,969,1649,1673]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="304 - 347" refId="ref55947" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Concluding report on the reptiles and batrachians obtained in Burma by Signor L. Fea, dealing with the collection made in Pegu and the Karin Hills in 1887 - 88. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, (2 a) 13, 304 - 347, pl. 307 - 312." type="journal article" year="1893">Boulenger (1893)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that the throat of the male was dark-coloured but the chest and belly were white. The presence of femoral glands was mentioned as presence of “a round white dark-edged spot”. The lectophoront and the exonymophoront show many differences in dorsal pattern. The colour pattern of the male is unique among all specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB793295918F91EFC52F902" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1980" box="[876,996,1758,1782]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB793295918F91EFC52F902" box="[876,996,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Leptolalax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied. Beside these
<specimenCount id="3695FD01FFB793295EA8F91EFA32F901" box="[1244,1412,1757,1781]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
, a single specimen of
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB793295B05F8C2FD8AF8ED" authorityName="Fei, Ye &amp; Li" authorityYear="1991" box="[369,572,1794,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventripunctatus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB793295B05F8C2FD8AF8ED" box="[369,572,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">L. ventripunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<specimenCount id="3695FD01FFB793295807F8C2FCAFF8ED" box="[627,793,1793,1817]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB79329594BF8C2FC11F8ED" authorityName="Rowley, Stuart, Richards, Phimmachak &amp; Sivongxay" authorityYear="2010" box="[831,935,1794,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aereus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB79329594BF8C2FC11F8ED" box="[831,935,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">L. aereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB793295998F8C1FBFDF8ED" box="[1004,1099,1793,1817]" name="Vietnam" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
also show a spot on the snout but in these specimens the snout spot is not confluent with the triangle between eyes and with the shoulder spot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB7932A5AB3F889FC5BFF03" blockId="29.[151,1437,1397,2034]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,151,572]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB793295AB3F889FE3AF895" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[199,396,1865,1889]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="304 - 347" refId="ref55947" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Concluding report on the reptiles and batrachians obtained in Burma by Signor L. Fea, dealing with the collection made in Pegu and the Karin Hills in 1887 - 88. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, (2 a) 13, 304 - 347, pl. 307 - 312." type="journal article" year="1893">Boulenger (1893)</bibRefCitation>
described the webbing as “one third webbed”. As Boulenger did not explain the significance of terms used, the descriptions in
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB79329586AF8ADFD50F871" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[542,742,1901,1925]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref55904" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1882) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. London, Taylor &amp; Francis: i-xvi + 1 - 503, pl. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1882">Boulenger (1882)</bibRefCitation>
were screened to find species that have similar qualifiers to describe their webbing.
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB793295BD2F852FC86F85D" authority="Boulenger, 1882" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1882" box="[422,816,1937,1961]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB793295BD2F852FDDAF85D" box="[422,620,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rana tuberculosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB793295800F851FC86F85D" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[628,816,1937,1961]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref55904" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1882) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. London, Taylor &amp; Francis: i-xvi + 1 - 503, pl. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1882">Boulenger, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, now
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB793295901F852FB30F85D" box="[885,1158,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tomopterna tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a South African anuran species, is “one third webbed”. In this species 3 ½ to 4 phalanges of toe IV are free of webbing (
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB793295EB8F875FEA7F805" author="du Preez, L. &amp; Carruthers, V. C." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref56608" refString="du Preez, L., &amp; Carruthers, V. C. (2009) A complete guide to the frogs of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Nature." type="book" year="2009">du Preez &amp; Carruthers 2009</bibRefCitation>
). As for a species with very small webbing,
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB79329588FF81AFCDBF806" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[763,877,2010,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB79329588FF81AFCDBF806" box="[763,877,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">L. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB7932959EDF81AFB2CF806" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1872" box="[921,1178,2010,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracile">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB7932959EDF81AFB2CF806" box="[921,1178,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Leptobrachium gracile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
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is described as “slightly webbed” by
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5869FF57FD53FF5B" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[541,741,151,175]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref55904" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1882) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. London, Taylor &amp; Francis: i-xvi + 1 - 503, pl. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1882">Boulenger (1882)</bibRefCitation>
, as having “a very short basal membrane” by
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5E93FF57FA21FF5B" author="Gunther, A." box="[1255,1431,151,175]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="586 - 600" refId="ref58128" refString="Gunther, A. (1872) On the reptiles and amphibians of Borneo. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1872, 586 - 600, pl. XXXV-XL." type="journal article" year="1872">Günther (1872)</bibRefCitation>
, and as “webbing only at base of toes” by Inger &amp; Stuebbing (2005). Thus our finding of 3 ¾ and 4 phalanges of toe IV free of web in
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A5B2AFF21FDBFFF0C" box="[350,521,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5B2AFF21FDBFFF0C" box="[350,521,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. pelodytoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is consistent with Boulenger’s description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932A5AB3FEC3FC55FE90" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AB3FEC3FD51FEE8" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,572]" box="[199,743,259,284]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AB3FEC3FE5EFEE8" bold="true" box="[199,488,259,284]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AB3FEC3FED6FEE8" box="[199,352,259,284]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB4932A5B13FEC4FE55FEE8" box="[359,483,260,284]" name="Myanmar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
“Karin Hills” (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFFB4932A58E1FEC4FD6FFEE8" box="[661,729,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,249,1281,1304]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,621,1260]" captionTargetId="figure-456@30.[151,1436,621,1260]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of localities of specimens of subgenus Lalos studied in this work. Onymotopes are indicted as stars. Olive green—pelodytoides; blue—L. minimus form 2; orange yellow—L. minimus; red—L. aereus; grey—L. eos; light green – L. ventripunctatus; white—L. bourreti; black—L. pluvialis; yellow—L. nyx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246773/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AB3FEE8FC55FE90" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,572]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AB3FEE8FE33FEB4" bold="true" box="[199,389,295,320]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">Natural history.</emphasis>
No habitat information was given in the original description, nor other observations on natural history. The species has not been collected since its original description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932A5AB3FEB0FB45FDC8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AB3FEB0FEC0FE58" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,572]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AB3FEB0FEFBFE7C" bold="true" box="[199,333,368,392]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
Resembling a
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5B83FEB0FDD2FE7C" box="[503,612,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pelodytes</emphasis>
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, the small European pelodytid toad. Invariable adjective in apposition to generic substantive.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AB3FE78FBF0FE3B" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,572]" box="[199,1094,439,464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AB3FE78FDDEFE24" bold="true" box="[199,616,439,464]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">Placement in molecular phylogeny.</emphasis>
No samples available for molecular study.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AB3FE1BFE0DFE00" bold="true" box="[199,443,475,500]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">Conservation status.</emphasis>
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This species as understood here is only known from the
<typeStatus id="FF28882AFFB4932A5E42FE1CFBD0FE00" box="[1078,1126,476,500]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
locality and adjacent localities in
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB4932A5A98FDC0FEEFFDEC" box="[236,345,512,536]" name="Myanmar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
based on the original description.
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are no recent data
<collectedFrom id="938F7575FFB4932A598BFDC0FB79FDEC" box="[1023,1231,512,536]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
on
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A5E57FDC1FB79FDEC" box="[1059,1231,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelodytoides">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5E57FDC1FB79FDEC" box="[1059,1231,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. pelodytoides</emphasis>
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and on its habitat available.
<location id="254C6053FFB4932A5B7EFDE4FE98FDCF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFFB1932A5AE3FE77FB45FDC8:254C6053FFB4932A5B7EFDE4FE98FDCF" box="[266,302,548,571]" country="Myanmar" county="Data Deficient" municipality="Least Concern" name="We" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">We</location>
propose therefore to change its
<location id="254C6053FFB4932A58E2FDE4FD40FDC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFFB1932A5AE3FE77FB45FDC8:254C6053FFB4932A58E2FDE4FD40FDC8" box="[662,758,548,572]" country="Myanmar" county="Data Deficient" municipality="Least Concern" name="Red List" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Red List</location>
status from
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to
<collectingCounty id="C94D4E04FFB4932A5E33FDE4FB59FDC8" box="[1095,1263,548,572]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Data Deficient</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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324
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AE3FA65FDB4FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,514,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leptolalax (Lalos) oshanensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5865FA65FD3FFA4B" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[529,649,1445,1471]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu, 1950</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932A5AE3FA2CFD80F9CB" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AE3FA2CFDF1F9F6" blockId="30.[151,1436,1516,1630]" box="[151,583,1516,1538]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="008311A6FFB4932A5AE3FA2CFDF1F9F6" box="[151,583,1516,1538]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitation id="A1321099FFB4932A5AE3FA2CFDB9F9F6" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[151,527,1516,1538]" page="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1950">
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A5AE3FA2CFDB9F9F6" ID-CoL="3Z2C6" authority="Liu, 1950: 13" authorityName="Liu" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,527,1516,1538]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AE3FA2CFEC8F9F6" box="[151,382,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Megophrys oshanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5BF0FA2CFDB9F9F6" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[388,527,1516,1538]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu, 1950: 13</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 197.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AE3F9CAFD80F9CB" blockId="30.[151,1436,1516,1630]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FFB4932A5AE3F9CAFD86F9CB" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="CIB 1000" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Onymophoront, by original designation as “type”: holophoront (
<typeStatus id="FF28882AFFB4932A595FF9CAFC3FF9D4" box="[811,905,1546,1568]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), Liu Collection 1000 (now
<specimenCode id="70359EF3FFB4932A5EDAF9CAFAA0F9D4" box="[1198,1302,1546,1568]" collectionCode="CIB" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vxkr-andy" name="Chengdu Institute of Biology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">CIB 1000</specimenCode>
), adult male,
<collectionCode id="4682AE4DFFB4932A5AB3F9E9FF41F9CB" box="[199,247,1577,1599]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SVL</collectionCode>
27.0 mm (
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5B10F9E9FD9FF9CB" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[356,553,1577,1599]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu 1950: 197–198</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932A5AE3F988FAC2F9AA" box="[151,1396,1608,1630]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AE3F988FAC2F9AA" blockId="30.[151,1436,1516,1630]" box="[151,1396,1608,1630]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FFB4932A5AE3F988FAC6F9AA" box="[151,1392,1608,1630]" collectingDate="1945-06-10" country="China" elevation="1070" latitude="29.583334" location="Liu" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="103.183334" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">
Onymotope: Emei Shan (
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFFB4932A5BECF988FE4EF9A9" box="[408,504,1608,1630]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="29.583334">29°35’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFFB4932A5877F988FDDAF9A9" box="[515,620,1608,1630]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="103.183334">103°11’ E</geoCoordinate>
; alt.
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB4932A58E9F988FD5BF9A9" box="[669,749,1608,1630]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1070.0">
<elevation id="ABBED1BBFFB4932A58E9F988FD5BF9A9" box="[669,749,1608,1630]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1070.0">1070 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB4932A588BF988FCE5F9AA" box="[767,851,1608,1630]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB4932A5929F988FC2BF9AA" box="[861,925,1608,1630]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">China</collectingCountry>
. Collected by
<location id="254C6053FFB4932A5E59F988FBE6F9AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFFB4932B5AE3FA65FBD3F96C:254C6053FFB4932A5E59F988FBE6F9AA" box="[1069,1104,1608,1630]" country="China" latitude="29.583334" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="103.183334" name="Liu" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Sichuan">Liu</location>
Ch’eng-chao,
<date id="542D1048FFB4932A5E92F988FAC6F9AA" box="[1254,1392,1608,1630]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1945-06-10">
<collectingDate id="4469E9A0FFB4932A5E92F988FAC6F9AA" box="[1254,1392,1608,1630]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1945-06-10">10 June 1945</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932A5AE3F94AFD61F88E" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AE3F94AFD61F88E" blockId="30.[151,1436,1674,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AE3F94AFEA2F957" bold="true" box="[151,276,1674,1699]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">Comment.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A5B68F94BFD81F956" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1962" box="[284,567,1675,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimum">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5B68F94BFD81F956" box="[284,567,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leptobrachium minimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A59ECF94BFB2FF957" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[920,1177,1675,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A59ECF94BFB2FF957" box="[920,1177,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Megophrys oshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5EB1F94AFADAF956" author="Dubois, A." box="[1221,1388,1674,1698]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="182 - 192" refId="ref56838" refString="Dubois, A. (1981) Notes sur la systematique et la repartition des Amphibiens Anoures de Chine et des regions avoisinantes. V. Megophrys oshanensis Liu, 1950 et Leptobrachium minimum Taylor, 1962. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, 50, 182 - 192." type="journal article" year="1981">Dubois (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, but in the genetic analysis, onymotopic specimens of both species appear in distinct clades (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFFB4932A5E1BF96EFB02F932" box="[1135,1204,1710,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="20.[151,249,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[281,1309,179,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-182@20.[281,1310,179,1706]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. Combined 16SrRNA Bayesian phylogeny and haplotype networks of 113 Leptolalax specimens with hierarchical outgroups (schematic representation in the grey box) The tree topology corresponds to the Bayesian topology obtained with three million generations, values on nodes indicate posterior probabilities (asterisks&gt; 95 %, double asterisks&gt; 99 %), and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (&gt; 70 %). Red numbers are the percentage of uncorrected p - sequence divergence between selected sister clades. Minimum spanning haplotype networks for two Leptolalax-clades (connected to phylogenetic tree nodes marked grey) were obtained with TCS. Numbers on haplotype connections represent number of nucleotide substitutions. Numbers of specimens included in haplotype networks are: B5-1(12); B5-2(17); B5-3(6); B5-4(1); B4-1(8); B4- 2,3,4,7,8(1); B4-5(2); B4-6(3). Sampling localities are provided as pie charts within haplotype circles, circle size corresponds to the number of sampled individuals. Abbreviations for country of origin are as follows: L—Laos, M—Malaysia, T—Thailand, V—Vietnam. Newly described species and haplotype networks are coloured." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246757/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Thus we recognize them as a distinct species. The name
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A584EF913FD65F91F" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[570,723,1747,1771]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A584EF913FD65F91F" box="[570,723,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. oshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be restricted to Chinese populations. Here we give data from the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5B90F936FDF9F8FA" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[484,591,1782,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu 1950</bibRefCitation>
), from Fei &amp; Ye (1992) and
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A59FCF936FC4BF8FA" author="Fei, L." box="[904,1021,1782,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref57244" refString="Fei, L. (1999) Atlas of amphibians of China. Zhengzhou: Henan Press of Science and Technology. [In Chinese]." type="book" year="1999">Fei (1999)</bibRefCitation>
for morphological diagnosis. Molecular evidence from sequences deposited in GenBank would indicate that the species as currently defined is not monophyletic. Further studies should be conducted to confirm these results as the sequences here included are from GenBank without indication of voucher specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932B5AB3F846FC1DFF03" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932B5AB3F846FC1DFF03" blockId="30.[151,1436,1674,2023]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AB3F846FEF7F86B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1926,1951]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Member of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A5812F846FD12F86A" authorityName="Dubois, Grosjean, Ohler, Adler &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2010" box="[614,676,1926,1950]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Lalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5812F846FD12F86A" box="[614,676,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lalos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of lateroventral glands and molecular phylogenetic relationships (
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFFB4932A5BF8F86AFE79F836" box="[396,463,1962,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="20.[151,249,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[281,1309,179,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-182@20.[281,1310,179,1706]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. Combined 16SrRNA Bayesian phylogeny and haplotype networks of 113 Leptolalax specimens with hierarchical outgroups (schematic representation in the grey box) The tree topology corresponds to the Bayesian topology obtained with three million generations, values on nodes indicate posterior probabilities (asterisks&gt; 95 %, double asterisks&gt; 99 %), and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (&gt; 70 %). Red numbers are the percentage of uncorrected p - sequence divergence between selected sister clades. Minimum spanning haplotype networks for two Leptolalax-clades (connected to phylogenetic tree nodes marked grey) were obtained with TCS. Numbers on haplotype connections represent number of nucleotide substitutions. Numbers of specimens included in haplotype networks are: B5-1(12); B5-2(17); B5-3(6); B5-4(1); B4-1(8); B4- 2,3,4,7,8(1); B4-5(2); B4-6(3). Sampling localities are provided as pie charts within haplotype circles, circle size corresponds to the number of sampled individuals. Abbreviations for country of origin are as follows: L—Laos, M—Malaysia, T—Thailand, V—Vietnam. Newly described species and haplotype networks are coloured." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246757/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), distinguished from other species included in this subgenus by the following combination of characters: moderate-sized species (adult males
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB4932A5965F80FFC01F813" box="[785,951,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="3.07" metricValueMin="2.66" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="28.65" valueMax="30.7" valueMin="26.6">26.6–30.7 mm</quantity>
) (
<tableCitation id="6D110333FFB4932A59A4F80FFB90F813" box="[976,1062,1999,2023]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[184,276,462,486]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of specimens of Leptolalax (Lalos). Data are either from observation of specimens mentioned in the relevant chapters on species or from literature. In squared brackets: if not available as measures in mm ratios of SVL expressed as per thousands are given. For references see Table 5." pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Table 3</tableCitation>
) without webbing between toes, without lateral fringes on toes, with distinct tympanum; thin irregular glandular ridges on back (Table 4); back reddish brown with pattern including a triangular spot between eyes and lighter glandular spots near vent; a few large dark spots on flanks; throat with dots, belly uniformly white (
<tableCitation id="6D110333FFB5932B5933FF1FFC2BFF03" box="[839,925,223,247]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[147,239,355,379]" captionText="TABLE 5. Coloration patterns and eye colour of specimens of Leptolalax (Lalos). Data are either from observation of specimens mentioned in the relevant chapters on species or from literature." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Table 5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB5932B5AB3FEC3FEA6FBC7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FEC3FB28FECB" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FEC3FDBFFEE8" bold="true" box="[199,521,259,284]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description of holophoront</emphasis>
(rearranged from original description of
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB5932B59A7FEC4FB8DFEE8" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[979,1083,260,284]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu 1950</bibRefCitation>
; numerous characters missing): Size and general aspect. (1) Specimen of small size (SVL 27.0 mm), body moderately stout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FE8CFB7FFE58" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Head. (2) Head of medium size, as broad (HW
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B5891FE8CFC88FE90" box="[741,830,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
) as long (HL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B59ABFE8CFB8CFE90" box="[991,1082,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
). (3) Snout slightly protruding; (eye length EL 4.0 mm). (4) Canthus rostralis well defined, loreal region concave, oblique. (6) Nostrils closer to tip of snout than to eyes. (8) Tympanum visible (TYD
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B58A2FE54FC86FE58" box="[726,816,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
). (11) Tongue large, deeply notched.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FE77FF6DFDC8" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Forelimbs. (12) Forearm moderately slender (FLL 13.0 mm; HAL 7.0 mm). (14) Relative length of fingers, shortest to longest: I &lt;II = IV &lt;III. (15) Tips of fingers rounded, slightly enlarged. (17) Subarticular tubercles absent, but third finger with pad-like elongated elevations. (18) Inner metacarpal tubercle very large, outer one very small.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FD87FE3DFD53" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Hindlimbs. (19) Hindlimbs thin (TL 12.0 mm); (FOL
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B5953FD87FC39FDAB" box="[807,911,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
); (TFOL 18.0 mm). (23) Webbing absent. (25) Toes ventrally with elongated pad-like elevations. (26) Inner metatarsal tubercle well developed. (28) Outer metatarsal tubercle absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FD74FBEBFCAF" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Skin. (29) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: snout, region between eyes and side of head smooth; back with glandular ridges; a few light-coloured warts distributed around vent. (30) Supratympanic fold well-developed, from eye extending postero-ventral to shoulder region. (32) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat, chest, belly and thigh very smooth. (33) Presence of macroglands: lateroventral gland composed of white glands arranged in rows between axilla and groin; large oval suprabrachial and femoral glands present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FCA7FB63FC1F" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Coloration. In life: (34) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: Reddish brown all over body with a black triangular mark on back of head, with a few black bars on mouth, and scattered black spots on body. (35) Dorsal parts of limbs: black bars distinctly developed. In alcohol: after preservation, the reddish brown becomes greyish brown. (36) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat with irregular dots, belly without spots.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FC37FEA6FBC7" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Male secondary sexual characters: (38) Vocal sacs: no outer modification of skin; paired internal subgular vocal sacs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB5932B5AB3FBFFFAD8FAC4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FBFFFB95FBAC" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" box="[199,1059,1087,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FBFFFE0FFBAC" bold="true" box="[199,441,1087,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FBFFFED6FBAC" box="[199,352,1087,1112]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB5932B5B13FBFFFE02FBAC" box="[359,436,1087,1112]" name="China" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">China</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B5BB4FB80FD38FBAC" box="[448,654,1088,1112]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B58EDFB80FCFDFBAC" box="[665,843,1088,1112]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hubei Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B5922FB80FBA9FBAC" box="[854,1055,1088,1112]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FBA4FAD8FAC4" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FBA4FE31FB88" bold="true" box="[199,391,1123,1148]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">Natural history.</emphasis>
As described by
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB5932B5826FBA4FCBDFB88" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[594,779,1124,1148]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu (1950: 199)</bibRefCitation>
: “
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5950FBA5FC09FB88" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[804,959,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5950FBA5FC09FB88" box="[804,959,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. oshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found under stones in corn fields on hillsides at about
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B5B14FB48FE78FB54" box="[352,462,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="ft" value="3500.0">3500 feet</quantity>
. Adults are difficult to find, as I got only
<specimenCount id="3695FD01FFB5932B59D8FB48FBE4FB54" box="[940,1106,1160,1184]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
of adult males in three summer’s work. Tadpoles are very abundant in small mountain streams.” The species is known to occur in mountain areas from
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B5B6CFB10FE74FB13" box="[280,450,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="700.0">700 to 1800 m</quantity>
. Tadpoles were collected from side pools, in pools beneath cascades, on the bottom of pools, in cracks between stones, hiding in vegetation or roots of bamboos and trees at the margin of the water. They stay in shallow running water with the head directed up-stream and the tail curved like an eel (Fei &amp; Ye 1992).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB5932B5AB3FAFCFBD3F96C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FAFCFD0EFA8C" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FAFCFEFBFAA0" bold="true" box="[199,333,1340,1364]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
Adjective as epithet of generic nomen (same grammatical gender), meaning “from O
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B5F6CFAFCFAE2FAA0" box="[1304,1364,1340,1364]" country="Myanmar" name="Shan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Shan</collectingRegion>
”, i. e., from Emei
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B5B62FAA0FEE7FA8C" box="[278,337,1376,1400]" country="Myanmar" name="Shan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Shan</collectingRegion>
, a famous mountain in
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B5823FAA0FD03FA8C" box="[599,693,1376,1400]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FA44FCA5F9A4" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FA44FDC6FA68" bold="true" box="[199,624,1411,1436]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">Placement in molecular phylogeny.</emphasis>
Specimens allocated to
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B59FFFA44FBB5FA68" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1980" box="[907,1027,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B59FFFA44FBB5FA68" box="[907,1027,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Leptolalax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5E6CFA44FB25FA68" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[1048,1171,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5E6CFA44FB25FA68" box="[1048,1171,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">oshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” do not form a monophyletic group. They are members of a highly supported clade that groups
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5986FA69FB81FA34" box="[1010,1079,1449,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eos">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5986FA69FB81FA34" box="[1010,1079,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. eos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5E33FA69FB77FA34" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1983" box="[1095,1217,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourreti">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5E33FA69FB77FA34" box="[1095,1217,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. bourreti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5E8FFA68FA2AFA4B" box="[1275,1436,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5E8FFA68FAC5FA34" box="[1275,1395,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Leptolalax</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from Doi Chiang Dao.
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5BD4FA0DFE01FA10" box="[416,439,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L.</emphasis>
“
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5BB8FA0CFDF1FA10" authority="AY" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[460,583,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5BB8FA0CFDF1FA10" box="[460,583,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">oshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”
<accessionNumber id="3FC0AB6BFFB5932B5828FA0CFD6FFA10" box="[604,729,1484,1508]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY561306" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">AY561306</accessionNumber>
, from the onymotope, and thus probably “true”
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5E8BFA0CFACCFA10" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[1279,1402,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5E8BFA0CFACCFA10" box="[1279,1402,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">oshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is sister to
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5A81FA31FE81F9FC" box="[245,311,1521,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eos">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5A81FA31FE81F9FC" box="[245,311,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. eos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whereas
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5BD4FA31FE01F9FC" box="[416,439,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L.</emphasis>
“
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5BBEFA30FDF3F9FC" authority="AY" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[458,581,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5BBEFA30FDF3F9FC" box="[458,581,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">oshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”
<accessionNumber id="3FC0AB6BFFB5932B5823FA30FD67F9FC" box="[599,721,1520,1544]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY526215" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">AY526215</accessionNumber>
is sister to
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B593BFA30FC5BF9F3" box="[847,1005,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B593BFA30FC71F9FC" box="[847,967,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Leptolalax</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from Doi Chiang Dao. Further studies are needed to reliably allocate the name
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B582CF9D4FD65F9D8" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[600,723,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B582CF9D4FD65F9D8" box="[600,723,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">oshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to probably one of these mitochondrial lineages and to describe the other of these mitochondrial lineages as new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3F99BFBD3F96C" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3F99BFE0DF980" bold="true" box="[199,443,1627,1652]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">Conservation status.</emphasis>
We confirm the Red List status of this species as Least Concern. In the future,
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5F46F99DFF79F963" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5F46F99DFF79F963" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. oshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be dismantled into various species and then a re-evaluation will be needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>