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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.570.6095" ID-PMC="PMC4829797" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-570-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E376FF8EFFF1F22C326D1E0DFF8BFFDF" ID-PubMed="27103878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="579094" ID-ZooBank="CE0DA439F6F64DCF82255700A3C50098" ModsDocID="1313-2970-570-1" checkinTime="1457076378220" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, David Allen" docDate="2016" docId="E4C931C58DDE801A42CBA7120185A2CB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 570: 1-703" docOrigin="ZooKeys 570" docPubDate="2016-03-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.570.6095" docTitle="Anyphaena fraterna" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="E376FF8EFFF1F22C326D1E0DFF8BFFDF" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="E376FF8EFFF1F22C326D1E0DFF8BFFDF" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of Texas spiders" masterLastPageNumber="703" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1668162766282" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Catalogue of Texas spiders</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dean, David Allen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">a-dean-ento@tamu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-03-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>570</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>703</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.570.6095</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127856291" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C931C58DDE801A42CBA7120185A2CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4C931C58DDE801A42CBA7120185A2CB" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName LSID="E4C931C5-8DDE-801A-42CB-A7120185A2CB" authority="(Banks, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Arachnida" family="Anyphaenidae" genus="Anyphaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphaena fraterna" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">Anyphaena fraterna (Banks, 1896)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Arachnida" family="Anyphaenidae" genus="Anyphaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphaena fraterna" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">Anyphaena fraterna</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Agnew, CW" pageId="432" pageNumber="433" publicationUrl="10.2307/3670651" refId="B4" refString="Agnew, CW, Dean, DA, Smith, Jr. JW, 1985. Spiders collected from peanuts and non-agricultural habitats in the Texas west cross-timbers. Southwestern Naturalist 30: 1-12. doi: 10.2307/3670651" title="Spiders collected from peanuts and non-agricultural habitats in the Texas west cross-timbers. Southwestern Naturalist 30: 1 - 12. doi:" url="10.2307/3670651" year="1985">Agnew et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 8;
<bibRefCitation author="Jackman, JA" pageId="451" pageNumber="452" refId="B378" refString="Jackman, JA, 1997. A field guide to spiders and scorpions of Texas. Texas Monthly Field Guide Series, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 201 pp." title="A field guide to spiders and scorpions of Texas. Texas Monthly Field Guide Series, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 201 pp." year="1997">Jackman 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 160;
<bibRefCitation author="Kaston, BJ" pageId="452" pageNumber="453" refId="B400" refString="Kaston, BJ, 1978. How to know the spiders, third edition, William C. Brown Company, Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, 272 pp." title="How to know the spiders, third edition, William C. Brown Company, Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, 272 pp." year="1978">Kaston 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 224, desc.;
<bibRefCitation author="Platnick, NI" pageId="462" pageNumber="463" refId="B576" refString="Platnick, NI, 1974. The spider family Anyphaenidae in America north of Mexico. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 146: 205-266." title="The spider family Anyphaenidae in America north of Mexico. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 146: 205 - 266." year="1974">Platnick 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 233, mf, desc. (figs 52, 56, 60, 77-78)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Central and north Texas; Brazos, Burleson/Lee, Erath, Kerr, Montgomery, Sabine, Travis, Wichita</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="locality">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lick Creek Park</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="time of activity">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Time of activity.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Male (March - May, May 22-June 4); female (March - May, June 23-July 2)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
(soil/woodland: beech-magnolia forest, bottomland forest, upland deciduous forest,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus buckleyi" order="Fagales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Quercus buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmus crassifolia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ulmus crassifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (structures: house)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="method">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Method.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Flight intercept trap [f]; flight intercept trap elevated [m]; malaise trap [mf]; pitfall trap [m]; sweeping [f]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">New York, Sea Cliff</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Latin, brotherly</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="collection">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Collection.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">DMNS, MSU, TAMU</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a15ec661-e796-4207-8509-756590c75c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4389221" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-493-1" ID-PubMed="25878545" ID-ZBK="1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-493-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 493" ModsDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" checkinTime="1451244490299" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van, Buffington, Matthew L. &amp; Forshage, Mattias" docDate="2015" docId="E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 493: 1-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 493" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" docTitle="Prosaspicera Kieffer 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="DD2DFF8EFFC4FFA2FFD7FFE4FFB46007" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668160156725" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>493</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>176</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-493-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059205" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Figitidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer, 1907" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Revised by
<bibRefCitation author="Diaz, NB" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="97 - 104" title="Sobre algunas especies del genero Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea)." volume="38" year="1979">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
(1979)
</bibRefCitation>
and by
<bibRefCitation author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
and Pujade-Villar (2006)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
This taxon is most easily confused with Afrotropical
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished from that taxon by having a much longer scutellar spine, easily as long as the petiole and distinctly overhanging it (much shorter in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
, not overhanging the petiole). Further,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
has not yet been recorded from equatorial Africa, and appears to be restricted to arid portions of Mediterranean Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula (here).
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
can, to a lesser extent, be confused with the figitines
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Neralsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neralsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalophora</taxonomicName>
(all having reasonably well-developed scutellar spines); however, figitines lack the ligulate metasomal T2, and well as the facial impression, and these two characters separate
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
from figitines with scutellar spines.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Figure 12.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
species (South Africa). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsal view C head, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Mainly pantropical, but extending into the southern Nearctic and the southeastern Palearctic. Afrotropical records: Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe (
<bibRefCitation author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
and Pujade-Villar 2006
</bibRefCitation>
); South Africa (here).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Parasitoid of aphidivorous
<taxonomicName lsidName="Brachycera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="suborder" suborder="Brachycera">Brachycera</taxonomicName>
larvae (
<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" lsidName="" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
and Pujade-Villar 2006
</bibRefCitation>
). USNM has two specimens from Nigeria reared from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paragus" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paragus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" lsidName="" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
) on cotton.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="species richness">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Species richness.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera antennata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennata">Prosaspicera antennata</taxonomicName>
(Benoit, 1956c) (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera optiva" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="optiva">Prosaspicera optiva</taxonomicName>
Quinlan, 1979 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera paragicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paragicida">
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Prosaspicera</pageBreakToken>
paragicida
</taxonomicName>
(Benoit, 1956c) (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera tropica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropica">Prosaspicera tropica</taxonomicName>
(Kieffer, 1910d) (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
syn
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera africana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Aspicera africana</taxonomicName>
Kinsey, 1919
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
syn
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera kisantua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kisantua">Aspicera kisantua</taxonomicName>
Benoit, 1956c
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="A7E568591EF0BE624C503C611D159DF2" italics="true" pageNumber="381">Craseonycteris</emphasis>
Hill 1974
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<emphasis id="4097927AD814232EA435674BF017AAC3" italics="true" pageNumber="381">Craseonycteris</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="370C6E717A8EEABFF7B8F825D4AF0CAF" italics="true" pageNumber="381">Craseonycteris thonglongyai</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="2A9A311CB568C6B6D45A4E19CE930B07" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="381">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
1 species:
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Species
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<emphasis id="BCC1512B8183821C74EBDE69CBECA70C" italics="true" pageNumber="381">Craseonycteris thonglongyai</emphasis>
Hill 1974
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<paragraph pageNumber="726">&quot;Habitat in Dominica, Brasilia.&quot; RCN: 6919.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageNumber="726">Type not designated.</paragraph>
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Original material: [icon] in Morison, Pl. Hist. Univ. 2: 7, s. 1, t. 2, f. 4. 1680; [icon] in Linnaeus, Amoen. Acad. 1: 218, t. 10, f. 2. 1749; [icon] in Plumier,
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Descr. Pl.
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Current name:
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Holm-Nielsen &amp; al. (in Harling &amp; Andersson,
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31: 26. 1988) indicated unspecified (but presumably sheet 1070.2) material in LINN as
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400
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:04DB260D70CAC2C4E24A91736D62DF8D" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</location>
; class:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:D7ADA284267B74E42C80A0EFFEF3D8FD" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Hydrozoa">Hydrozoa</location>
; order:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:EB9550E4A2C7E60FBAC8C9F8F654D5AD" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Anthoathecata">Anthoathecata</location>
; family:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:E66CD9204706ECCCC286259BEF070BF9" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Pandeidae">Pandeidae</location>
; genus:
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;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
continent:
<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
; waterBody:
<collectingCounty>McMurdo Sound</collectingCounty>
; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="-77.637">-77.637</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
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;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
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<collectorName>Dhugal Lindsay</collectorName>
</determinerName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Sony Alpha</collectorName>
7 III camera equipped with a FE
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
F2.8
<collectorName>Macro G</collectorName>
OSS lens
</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="2019-11-16">2019-11-16</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
type:
<collectorName>StillImage</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Video</collectorName>
; language: en; rightsHolder:
<collectorName>
Emiliano Cimoli
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-29" collectingMethod="NIKON D 500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90 mm F 2.8 Di Macro VC USD F 017 N lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Di Macro VC, Record Level, StillImage" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-29" collectingMethod="NIKON D 500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90 mm F 2.8 Di Macro VC USD F 017 N lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Di Macro VC, Record Level, StillImage, Emiliano Cimoli Type" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:0762A25F368F5C02479C1B0F466DBE6A" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
:
</emphasis>
individualID: MCMEC2018_
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:D38A78121C68AE7050B1381B234272FD" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Leuckartiara">Leuckartiara</location>
_brownei_b; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">adult</specimenType>
; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:EF1F611DF4E2277FE2DAE3AB2CD598AC" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
:
</emphasis>
scientificName:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:F57F265502FE03E7F3A6A72CEE988735" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Leuckartiara">Leuckartiara</location>
brownei; kingdom:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:CA117B561A4ACEFF9C88519778B38E25" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Animalia">Animalia</location>
; phylum:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:6DC9A2B129BB52EB6B6E22957C7C5395" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</location>
; class:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:1401DCA2D3A5474317AACD48B39D6E28" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Hydrozoa">Hydrozoa</location>
; order:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:862C38EE3601A677FEA97D2276331D23" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Anthoathecata">Anthoathecata</location>
; family:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:AFEA01F27A6C9186FA42385ADC7FB4CD" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Pandeidae">Pandeidae</location>
; genus:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:FF6EFC16819E50C8D89C14DE08F5308B" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Leuckartiara">Leuckartiara</location>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
continent:
<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
; waterBody:
<collectingCounty>McMurdo Sound</collectingCounty>
; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="-77.637">-77.637</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="166.401">166.401</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Dhugal Lindsay</collectorName>
</determinerName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
NIKON D500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
F2.8
<collectorName>Di Macro VC</collectorName>
USD F017N lens
</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="2018-11-29">2018-11-29</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
type:
<collectorName>StillImage</collectorName>
; language: en; rightsHolder:
<collectorName>
Emiliano Cimoli
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-29" collectingMethod="NIKON D 500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90 mm F 2.8 Di Macro VC USD F 017 N lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Di Macro VC, Record Level, StillImage, Emiliano Cimoli" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-29" collectingMethod="NIKON D 500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90 mm F 2.8 Di Macro VC USD F 017 N lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Di Macro VC, Record Level, StillImage, Emiliano Cimoli" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:852F1778371AF1C69DE5EFA1B2622FF5" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
:
</emphasis>
individualID: MCMEC2018_
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:7DCFA5990704C8F517DDA8B65C54F8ED" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Leuckartiara">Leuckartiara</location>
_brownei_c; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">adult</specimenType>
; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:06849D3BEF4C1B368AB0D1C54F7D1BBF" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
:
</emphasis>
scientificName:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:60B56B1D79E4836FB55D7967A447B51B" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Leuckartiara">Leuckartiara</location>
brownei; kingdom:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:344A4D75642156F887570E198C4EDCDE" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Animalia">Animalia</location>
; phylum:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:BECC0190A15898DAF23F972E9D2ABCED" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</location>
; class:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:1420A6F62CF8E1D1EC90D8EFE6CA360F" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Hydrozoa">Hydrozoa</location>
; order:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:9D2CC9C2B460A657F5C87752EEB886AE" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Anthoathecata">Anthoathecata</location>
; family:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:6B0E433434D263473ACD7BD2C1D33AAD" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Pandeidae">Pandeidae</location>
; genus:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C9F4C245E05289AF0544D91798F0DA:67D4C4B3064300D9CF91DC4F2E4EA6B0" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Leuckartiara">Leuckartiara</location>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
continent:
<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
; waterBody:
<collectingCounty>McMurdo Sound</collectingCounty>
; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="-77.637">-77.637</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="166.401">166.401</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Dhugal Lindsay</collectorName>
</determinerName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
NIKON D500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
F2.8
<collectorName>Di Macro VC</collectorName>
USD F017N lens
</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="2018-11-29">2018-11-29</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
type:
<collectorName>StillImage</collectorName>
; language: en; rightsHolder:
<collectorName>Emiliano Cimoli</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
Southern Ocean, in the McMurdo Sound [described by Browne (1910) as a juvenile
<taxonomicName authorityName="M.Sars" authorityYear="1846" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perigonimus" order="Narcomedusae" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Perigonimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. according to
<bibRefCitation author="Larson, R. J." journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="19 - 25" refId="B7049163" refString="Larson, R. J., Harbison, G. R., 1990. Medusae from Mcmurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus. Polar Biology 11 (1): 19 - 25" title="Medusae from Mcmurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus" volume="11" year="1990">Larson and Harbison (1990)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, E T" journalOrPublisher="Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1 - 62" refId="B7050623" refString="Browne, E T, 1910. Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904. Natural History 5: 1 - 62" title="Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904" volume="5" year="1910">Browne (1910)</bibRefCitation>
], off
<normalizedToken originalValue="Adélie">Adelie</normalizedToken>
Land (
<bibRefCitation author="Toda, Ryoji" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="269 - 289" refId="B7048558" refString="Toda, Ryoji, Lindsay, Dhugal J., Fuentes, Veronica L., Moteki, Masato, 2014. Community structure of pelagic cnidarians off Adelie Land, East Antarctica, during austral summer 2008. Polar Biology 37 (2): 269 - 289" title="Community structure of pelagic cnidarians off Adelie Land, East Antarctica, during austral summer 2008" volume="37" year="2014">Toda et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
), in the Weddell Sea (
<bibRefCitation author="Grossmann, Mary M" journalOrPublisher="Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7049467" refString="Grossmann, Mary M, 2010. A study of the gelatinous mesozooplankton (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) of Eastern Antarctica, summer 2008. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris" title="A study of the gelatinous mesozooplankton (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) of Eastern Antarctica, summer 2008" year="2010">Grossmann 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Pages, Francesc" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Marine Systems" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="231 - 248" refId="B7049573" refString="Pages, Francesc, Schnack-Schiel, Sigrid B., 1996. Distribution patterns of the mesozooplankton, principally siphonophores and medusae, in the vicinity of the Antarctic Slope Front (eastern Weddell Sea). Journal of Marine Systems 9 (3-4): 231 - 248" title="Distribution patterns of the mesozooplankton, principally siphonophores and medusae, in the vicinity of the Antarctic Slope Front (eastern Weddell Sea)" volume="9" year="1996">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pagès">Pages</normalizedToken>
and Schnack-Schiel 1996
</bibRefCitation>
) and in the Powell Basin (
<bibRefCitation author="Kaufmann, Ronald S." journalOrPublisher="Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1469 - 1484" refId="B7048361" refString="Kaufmann, Ronald S., Robison, Bruce H., Sherlock, Rob E., Reisenbichler, Kim R., Osborn, Karen J., 2011. Composition and structure of macrozooplankton and micronekton communities in the vicinity of free-drifting Antarctic icebergs. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 58 (11-12): 1469 - 1484" title="Composition and structure of macrozooplankton and micronekton communities in the vicinity of free-drifting Antarctic icebergs" volume="58" year="2011">Kaufmann et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). It was also reported from the Mediterranean by
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon, J." journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="87 - 95" refId="B7049658" refString="Bouillon, J., Pages, F., Gili, J. M., Palanques, A., Heussner, S., 2000. Deep-water Hydromedusae from the Lacaze-Duthiers submarine canyon (Banyuls, northwestern Mediterranean) and description of two new genera, Guillea and Parateclaia. Scientia Marina 64 (SUPPLEMENT 1): 87 - 95" title="Deep-water Hydromedusae from the Lacaze-Duthiers submarine canyon (Banyuls, northwestern Mediterranean) and description of two new genera, Guillea and Parateclaia" volume="64" year="2000">Bouillon et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
Original description after
<bibRefCitation author="Larson, R. J." journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="19 - 25" refId="B7049163" refString="Larson, R. J., Harbison, G. R., 1990. Medusae from Mcmurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus. Polar Biology 11 (1): 19 - 25" title="Medusae from Mcmurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus" volume="11" year="1990">Larson and Harbison (1990)</bibRefCitation>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F7048101" captionText="Figure 3. Leuckartiara brownei. A. Line drawing of the holotype (bell height 10 mm) (Larson and Harbison 1990, Suppl. material 2) sampled in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica; B. Line drawing from a specimen (bell height 7 mm) from the Mediterranean Sea (modified from Bouillon et al. 2000); C-E. Specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Leuckartiara _ brownei _ a observed on 16 / 11 / 2019: lateral view (C), lateral view while contracting and apical view (E); F. Oral-lateral view of a specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Leuckartiara _ brownei _ b observed on 29 / 11 / 2018. Scale bars A and B 1 mm. C-E photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538689" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">3</figureCitation>
A): Conical umbrella with a pointed projection of variable height (dimensions of holotype: 10 mm high
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9 mm wide); thick mesoglea; velum narrow, thin, and transparent; four large perradial tentacles, tapering and not laterally compressed, which are coiled when contracted; salmon-coloured perradial tentacle bulbs; up to 28 short
<normalizedToken originalValue="“rudimentary”">&quot;rudimentary&quot;</normalizedToken>
tentacles (i.e. because they have the same form as marginal tentacles in their early development stage;
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, Frederick Stratten" journalOrPublisher="The medusae of the British Isles: anthomedusae, leptomedusae, limnomedusae, trachymedusae and narcomedusae" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7049360" refString="Russell, Frederick Stratten, 1953. . The medusae of the British Isles: anthomedusae, leptomedusae, limnomedusae, trachymedusae and narcomedusae 1" volume="1" year="1953">Russell 1953</bibRefCitation>
), growing in succession and clasping the ex-umbrella [
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">sic</emphasis>
: being clasped by the ex-umbrella], with the oldest interradial tentacles extending the furthest out on to the ex-umbrella; relatively large manubrium, with the height larger than half the height of the sub-umbrella; mesenteries well-developed; large crenulated lips; orange-brown gonads, covering the interradial surface of the manubrium, each gonad harbouring a pair of longitudinal folds adjacent to the interradii, forming a continuous interradial groove, with a few isolated folds in the adradii which are mostly orientated perradially; no ocelli or spurs. Type locality: near McMurdo Station, Antarctica.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
Additional information on specimens identified as same species from outside the Southern Ocean: from the
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Mediterranean Sea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon, J." journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="87 - 95" refId="B7049658" refString="Bouillon, J., Pages, F., Gili, J. M., Palanques, A., Heussner, S., 2000. Deep-water Hydromedusae from the Lacaze-Duthiers submarine canyon (Banyuls, northwestern Mediterranean) and description of two new genera, Guillea and Parateclaia. Scientia Marina 64 (SUPPLEMENT 1): 87 - 95" title="Deep-water Hydromedusae from the Lacaze-Duthiers submarine canyon (Banyuls, northwestern Mediterranean) and description of two new genera, Guillea and Parateclaia" volume="64" year="2000">Bouillon et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F7048101" captionText="Figure 3. Leuckartiara brownei. A. Line drawing of the holotype (bell height 10 mm) (Larson and Harbison 1990, Suppl. material 2) sampled in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica; B. Line drawing from a specimen (bell height 7 mm) from the Mediterranean Sea (modified from Bouillon et al. 2000); C-E. Specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Leuckartiara _ brownei _ a observed on 16 / 11 / 2019: lateral view (C), lateral view while contracting and apical view (E); F. Oral-lateral view of a specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Leuckartiara _ brownei _ b observed on 29 / 11 / 2018. Scale bars A and B 1 mm. C-E photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538689" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">3</figureCitation>
B), height 7 mm, specimen not further described, but drawing available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
Literature giving diagnostic characters without describing new specimens:
<bibRefCitation author="Pages, Francesc" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1 - 64" refId="B7049096" refString="Pages, Francesc, Gili, J-M, Bouillon, J, 1992. Medusae (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa) of the Benguela current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina 56 (1): 1 - 64" title="Medusae (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa) of the Benguela current (southeastern Atlantic)" volume="56" year="1992">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pagès">Pages</normalizedToken>
et al. (1992)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert, P" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de zoologie." pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="195 - 396" refId="B7049154" refString="Schuchert, P, 2007. The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 2. Revue suisse de zoologie. 114 (2): 195 - 396" title="The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 2" volume="114" year="2007">Schuchert (2007)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon, J." journalOrPublisher="Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7350370" refString="Bouillon, J ., Medel, M . D ., Pages, F ., Gili, J . M ., Boero, F ., Gravili, C ., 2004. . Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa 68 (Supplement 2)" volume="68 (Supplement 2)" year="2004">Bouillon et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
Description of and comments on observed material (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F7048101" captionText="Figure 3. Leuckartiara brownei. A. Line drawing of the holotype (bell height 10 mm) (Larson and Harbison 1990, Suppl. material 2) sampled in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica; B. Line drawing from a specimen (bell height 7 mm) from the Mediterranean Sea (modified from Bouillon et al. 2000); C-E. Specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Leuckartiara _ brownei _ a observed on 16 / 11 / 2019: lateral view (C), lateral view while contracting and apical view (E); F. Oral-lateral view of a specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Leuckartiara _ brownei _ b observed on 29 / 11 / 2018. Scale bars A and B 1 mm. C-E photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538689" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">3</figureCitation>
C-F): N = 2 in 2018, N = 1 in 2019. The morphology of our observed specimens matched closely those from previous descriptions. The height of the apical pointed projection ca. 15-20% of the bell height, corresponding to the &quot;variable height&quot; from the original description (
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, E T" journalOrPublisher="Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1 - 62" refId="B7050623" refString="Browne, E T, 1910. Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904. Natural History 5: 1 - 62" title="Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904" volume="5" year="1910">Browne 1910</bibRefCitation>
). Number of gonadal folds 4-5 within the same specimen. Differences or additional information found compared to past descriptions were the following: the mesenteries extended to ca. 80% of the stomach height, whereas, in the original description (
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, E T" journalOrPublisher="Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1 - 62" refId="B7050623" refString="Browne, E T, 1910. Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904. Natural History 5: 1 - 62" title="Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904" volume="5" year="1910">Browne 1910</bibRefCitation>
), they were described as &quot;well developed&quot; and shown to extend to ca. half the height of the stomach in the line drawing (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F7048101" captionText="Figure 3. Leuckartiara brownei. A. Line drawing of the holotype (bell height 10 mm) (Larson and Harbison 1990, Suppl. material 2) sampled in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica; B. Line drawing from a specimen (bell height 7 mm) from the Mediterranean Sea (modified from Bouillon et al. 2000); C-E. Specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Leuckartiara _ brownei _ a observed on 16 / 11 / 2019: lateral view (C), lateral view while contracting and apical view (E); F. Oral-lateral view of a specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Leuckartiara _ brownei _ b observed on 29 / 11 / 2018. Scale bars A and B 1 mm. C-E photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538689" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">3</figureCitation>
A), while in
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon, J." journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="87 - 95" refId="B7049658" refString="Bouillon, J., Pages, F., Gili, J. M., Palanques, A., Heussner, S., 2000. Deep-water Hydromedusae from the Lacaze-Duthiers submarine canyon (Banyuls, northwestern Mediterranean) and description of two new genera, Guillea and Parateclaia. Scientia Marina 64 (SUPPLEMENT 1): 87 - 95" title="Deep-water Hydromedusae from the Lacaze-Duthiers submarine canyon (Banyuls, northwestern Mediterranean) and description of two new genera, Guillea and Parateclaia" volume="64" year="2000">Bouillon et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, the mesenteries were omitted from the drawing (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F7048101" captionText="Figure 3. Leuckartiara brownei. A. Line drawing of the holotype (bell height 10 mm) (Larson and Harbison 1990, Suppl. material 2) sampled in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica; B. Line drawing from a specimen (bell height 7 mm) from the Mediterranean Sea (modified from Bouillon et al. 2000); C-E. Specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Leuckartiara _ brownei _ a observed on 16 / 11 / 2019: lateral view (C), lateral view while contracting and apical view (E); F. Oral-lateral view of a specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Leuckartiara _ brownei _ b observed on 29 / 11 / 2018. Scale bars A and B 1 mm. C-E photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538689" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">3</figureCitation>
B); coiling of the four main tentacles; the rudimentary tentacles, when of a certain length, can fold in half, with the distal half of the tentacle extended back downwards on to the ex-umbrella and the fold reaching up to 1/4 of the bell height, suggesting they are adnate to around half their length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>