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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10084" ID-PMC="PMC5139134" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-4-10084" ID-PubMed="27956851" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828-4-e10084" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" ModsDocTitle="Cyanobacteria of Greece: an annotated checklist" checkinTime="1478060999303" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gkelis, Spyros, Ourailidis, Iordanis, Panou, Manthos &amp; Pappas, Nikos" docDate="2016" docId="E4C222D747A8260B9EC5A3174DFD056F" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e10084" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10084" docTitle="Anabaena planctonica Brunnthaler 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="10084" masterDocId="4C38E221FFF08B34321CFFEC8C1FFF8D" masterDocTitle="Cyanobacteria of Greece: an annotated checklist" masterLastPageNumber="10084" masterPageNumber="10084" pageNumber="10084" updateTime="1668123304914" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<taxonomicName authority="Brunnthaler, 1903" authorityName="Brunnthaler" authorityYear="1903" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Bacteria" lsidName="Anabaena planctonica" order="Nostocales" pageId="0" pageNumber="10084" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="planctonica">Anabaena planctonica Brunnthaler, 1903</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" form="planctonica" genus="Anabaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="f." kingdom="Bacteria" lsidName="Anabaena solitaria" order="Nostocales" pageId="0" pageNumber="10084" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="form" species="solitaria">Anabaena solitaria f. planctonica</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10084">Notes</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation author="Moustaka, M." journalOrPublisher="Aristotle University of Thessaloniki" pageId="0" pageNumber="10084" title="SEASONAL VARIATIONS, ANNUAL PERIODICITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN LAKE VOLVI" year="1988">Moustaka 1988</bibRefCitation>
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150.
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<paragraph id="42D9AF45C5BBE021B0AB45B91FAE68EA" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Worker. Length 3 lines. - Light reddish-brown, thinly sprinkled over with erect pale hairs. Head subovate, emarginate behind; eyes round, placed midway on the sides of the head; the mandibles with a number of small black teeth on their inner margin. Thorax elongate, narrowed and compressed behind; the metathorax elevated, then abruptly truncated at the apex, the truncation slightly curved inwardly; the metathorax above with its lateral margins raised, forming a sort of subdentate process at the verge of the truncation; legs elongate and pubescent. Abdomen ovate; the scale of the peduncle incrassate, rounded in front to fit into the curved truncation, and hollowed behind to receive the base of the abdomen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75F0870EA58F4FF9FB17D767CD5304EF" pageId="45" pageNumber="45">Hab. Brazil. (Coll. F. Smith.)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6D8B3DE56D39D0D2F933CE84F8C88DF5" pageNumber="614">
<taxonomicName id="4E2F4C2A59DE25E250C51BEC103A2C0E" ID-CoL="6JGV8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="614" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">Formica archboldi M. R. Smith</taxonomicName>
, 1944
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<paragraph id="6160A7E72B0FE33C9087860C96F83399" pageNumber="614">Figures 4 d, 5 d, 6 d</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D0F662CD6A909F833B6A37D0E35536C" pageNumber="614">
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<materialsCitation id="699B3E3B888F411E8A7419BCC7AA5291" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481484" collectionCode="MCZ" country="U S A" location="Archbold Biological Station" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="Syntype">
<taxonomicName id="8901F121F8540C21C4A7A72D013539F1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138214" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva subsp. archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="614" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pallidefulva" subSpecies="archboldi">Formica pallidefulva subsp. archboldi Smith</taxonomicName>
, M. R., 1944: 16. [Examined.
<typeStatus id="09A148C51887CD79C284E8F57DCEB2D8">Syntype</typeStatus>
workers] four workers on two pins, labeled,
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:
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, 10 miles south
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, Fla. X- 7 - 43 T. C. Schneirla.
<typeStatus id="B6F49711689FFCF42AC456142668A6DA">Paratype</typeStatus>
No. 56765 U. S. N. M. (
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)
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.
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<paragraph id="1B7CFB8B6584717FC878BCF0CB03AA15" pageNumber="615">
<taxonomicName id="4AA23ECF5871D63CDE3073B14E415FF3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237934" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica (Neoformica) archboldi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi" subGenus="Neoformica">Formica (Neoformica) archboldi Creighton</taxonomicName>
, 1950: 549. Raised to species.
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<paragraph id="9085691F6CE10E2CB6C5A8BD4FDB4BEA" pageNumber="615">DIAGNOSIS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0850D2B591E7E9E1C62F72B38A06C06B" pageNumber="615">
Worker The most evidently sculptured and the smallest member of the group, characteristic of Florida's upland pine and scrub habitats.
<taxonomicName id="45EFB36CCE4479BD5F4B25B162EB8E83" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
has the largest eyes relative to head size of all species in this group (see OI, Table 1). Head and gaster very dark reddish brown, appearing blackish or dark gray-brown in the field; mesosoma often a little lighter than head, and sometimes both lighter than gaster. Gastral dorsum at most weakly shining, sheen dulled by numerous, shallow impressions (foveolae) and appressed pubescence composed of moderately dense grayish appressed microchaetae (Fig. 4 d). Dorsal sclerites of mesosoma and gaster usually with moderately abundant, short, erect, brownish-gray erect macrochaetae, and pale grayish appressed microchaetae. Erect macrochaetae on mesosoma and usually on gaster are relatively short, straight and flattened with rounded, blunt or abruptly tapering tips; less often, at least some of those on gaster a bit longer and slightly curved, these less flattened and tapering.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="677154EA8B970BEFAB639E747E71188A" pageNumber="615">Queen Color, gastral pubescence and sculpture like the workers, with the usual differences in size. There is tessellation on the upper portion of head, pronotum, sides of mesothorax, propodeum and gastral dorsum; wings, when present, clear brownish to clear smoky gray. Pilosity longer and more flexuous than that of worker.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42371AD454E6DA2B9F54A8CDD88A74DC" pageNumber="615">
Male Pubescence and pilosity abundant; mesosomal dorsum dull-punctate; entire body black, legs reddish brown or mesosoma lighter, dusky yellowish brown; wings clear brownish to clear smoky gray; pilosity like that of queen; gastral pubescence pale brownish yellow and very dense. Averages smaller than the otherwise difficult-to-distinguish males of
<taxonomicName id="83E053B1361F57A7CDF85F8F33CEF17A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2B713F16431535AAE53C9842AA0C0CC6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFA346310AE4EBB2EAF7F7BCC3D35050" pageNumber="615">DISTINGUISHING FEATURES</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6775A3A6FCD4D0278E6B8C85BBE6BABC" pageNumber="615">
Although a sample of this species in the Mayr collection is placed among his
<taxonomicName id="89E8F7B803AE0EAD237F0C0AD3B0A5B0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29203" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica schaufussi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">schaufussi</taxonomicName>
(anything in the group which was not typical
<taxonomicName id="59EE85D0DC8008FE1CA80FAFDD9D54E3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
is so placed in that collection), this dark brown to nearly black species has rarely been misidentified since its description in 1944 and is unlikely to be confused with any congener in the field. Mounted specimens that are shinier and less pilose than normal, or mislabeled ones (like those from Virginia in the Mayr collection), might be confused with darker color variants of
<taxonomicName id="93951852EDD9EF63188EEEB162789B3C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="6F5FC7C9A47A9DB7D85C11D506AD4300" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
without careful inspection. Occasionally other species, especially
<taxonomicName id="50CF22669A780A06B3CBDDF6148B2619" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
, may stain black when mounted on pins, which could lead to confusion with
<taxonomicName id="752E70D00DD4D1BC5FDE926050732371" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BFC222127533FB539F7428FA6D62DA4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="BEB24244F3F8FB18A3BEFE692D18752B" pageNumber="615">ETYMOLOGY</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AAED84F7BE05433A5E78A3B0DE099B9E" pageNumber="615">This species is named after Richard Archbold, founder of Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CF7EFDBDB17B3956C66985BC9F3A9BEE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="442F7E6EB139723E31A02E80F56E564B" pageNumber="615">RANGE AND HABITAT</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49B955090704D61C78B02BEE99DF615A" lastPageNumber="616" pageNumber="615">
Originally described from Archbold Biological Station in Highlands Co., Florida, this species in fact appears to be more abundant in northern Florida. It is a characteristic ant of the uplands of peninsular Florida and the eastern panhandle, and also recorded by D. R. Smith (1979) as occurring in Georgia and Alabama. One collection in the Mayr collection labeled Virginia is doubtless mislabeled. This ant is characteristic in relatively undisturbed, long-leaf pine sandhills and in scrub or sand pine woodland. Less often it may be found in the transition between these more open sandy habitats and drier portions of flatwoods, or southern live oak woodlands. In northern Florida,
<taxonomicName id="A7CCC187CAC049877EFA5F5A31E24E46" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
coexists with
<taxonomicName id="C18EA5EEE9764217AE9D01200B04ADD4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C836CF73F7CA45B106533E72F47B764B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="615" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
in sandhill vegetation, but to the south on the Lake Wales Ridge (including the type locality), this ant becomes more typical of moist soil among pond-edge vegetation in swales within the white sand scrub vegetation, and is largely replaced in sandhill woodland by
<taxonomicName id="22396B7289F8F6B234740D2BD905C4A0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
. It is also reported from sandhill locations along the South Florida coasts, but probably is lacking from the Everglades.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="464E125AB0DE54C74729838467F86474" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FFCA1CA44C5B7E1229702F017B965500" pageNumber="616">SPECIMENS EXAMINED</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA3369D397C8F13FB9E3206E298FA842" pageNumber="616">FLORIDA: Alachua; Baker; Citrus; Collier; Duval; Hernando; Highlands; Hillsborough; Jackson; Leon; Levy; Liberty; Marion; Okochobee; Pasco; Putnam; Sumter; Suwannee; Volusia; Wakulla.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C54AF2A8385C5D5A27BA517281B008B" pageNumber="616">
D. R. Smith (1979) reports
<taxonomicName id="23ADF98073EB5E20606B12E69CA0CD1F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
from ALABAMA: no county listed. GEORGIA: no county listed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7B8CE97C9FE209CBD86280B63C1063D" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="D0CB86E4DEEC2438B4D29EBC008D33BB" pageNumber="616">NATURAL HISTORY</paragraph>
<paragraph id="48CA7172CE8C1FDC7ED3D0BB976C775B" pageNumber="616">
Within the
<taxonomicName id="36F183B8C441EC952C2AC9215849DAFB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
group, this species is the most sensitive to human development and habitat alteration. During eight years of residence in Gainesville FL, J. Trager watched this species slowly disappear from sandhill woodland habitats near new housing developments, even when efforts were made to protect the native vegetation in green space around the houses. On the other hand, at Devil's Millhopper Geological State Park during the same years, ecological restoration efforts consisting of selective species removal (cutting down mesic-adapted trees) and introduction of prescribed fire to maintain the open vegetation structure, resulted in a resurgence of
<taxonomicName id="DF620D8AE0E0250CD1F3DFE3FE78BC88" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
(and incidentally,
<taxonomicName id="D94D977A5A67E3DA7437703AB0DD5CED" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
) in the upland habitats of the site. A healthy population of
<taxonomicName id="D15F1AD8914346ECA65CE02F9ACB61A2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
could be considered an indicator of high natural area integrity, or at least a low level of habitat degradation, in Florida's pine and pine-oak woodlands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D668009460CCA765F40E4FCBFD90C44" pageNumber="616">
Nests are usually located beneath wiregrass clumps (or beneath beard grass or sedges in scrub habitats), and occur less frequently in bare soil, at the base of a shrub or under oak-leaf litter. The entrance is often marked with a small accumulation of plant fragments and / or grasshopper dung. Returning foragers watched for ½ - hour intervals in the afternoon foraging period typically brought in more of these plant fragments and dung pellets than they did prey items (J. Trager, unpublished). Worker pupae are typically enclosed in a light tan cocoon, sexual pupae in a darker, thicker cocoon. This species is the host of the small, dull variant of
<taxonomicName id="6631A033F4B888795610E13EAFADD54B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Polyergus lucidus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">Polyergus lucidus</taxonomicName>
that uses
<taxonomicName id="AC9D473C9A38A9E17CD17A03FEB756CE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
as its host in Florida (Trager &amp; Johnson, 1985).
<taxonomicName id="AED2F31B699496336D9DBFA2A8E6B45F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
lives outside the range of dulotic or other parasitic
<taxonomicName id="52BF4D803575AED3DF8F876FC349ECF4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7AC39CCF9325A2D9786BD33E21ABC3F0" pageNumber="616">
The cricket
<taxonomicName id="A98BA96FFBFFA87F8FF763BCD5202E30" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237935" class="Insecta" family="Myrmecophilidae" genus="Myrmecophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmecophila pergandei" order="Orthoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pergandei">Myrmecophila pergandei Bruner</taxonomicName>
commonly inhabits the nests of
<taxonomicName id="9A23D46B725C2922BA04D29EA887703E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
. Outside the nest,
<taxonomicName id="413E5C6B6EE8ACD02C32D19DFFFB5A87" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
gathers honeydew from living plant surfaces and from leaf litter, and also actively tends and defends Cinara aphids and Toumeyella scales on grass-stage longleaf pine saplings. The defense by
<taxonomicName id="ECB00DFF1B761277545F6B51C04250B3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
as they tended scales was used to induce workers to attack a termite offered on the end of a pine needle, then following the light-bodied prey as a marker to follow as the worker returned to its nest. In two cases, this resulted in the discovery of a colony of the
<taxonomicName id="761BDC3A2043619C34D762D423290904" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Polyergus lucidus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">Polyergus lucidus</taxonomicName>
variety mentioned above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDD31EAA88AAC2AE5B280F449DD230D9" pageNumber="616">
Foraging occurs mainly between 8 a. m. and noon and between 4 p. m. and dusk, from March through October. However, hemipteran colonies are tended around the clock. Peak foraging activity occurs from April through June. Returning foragers carry a variety of freshly killed insects into the nest. Most of these prey items are herbivorous insects, but also among them are occasional individuals of
<taxonomicName id="E2F5719C84526AE686BA50103DFC6333" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32978" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus brunneus (Patton)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">Odontomachus brunneus Patton</taxonomicName>
. Just how it is that this smaller and less ferociously built
<taxonomicName id="EDAE75B509CD88C3540D771D233D1E5B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
captures and kills this well-armed ponerine has not been observed. Trager &amp; Johnson (1985) report on habits of
<taxonomicName id="E0BCEBE79FAC7E1381B545C1F92CA598" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="616" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F970ADC436E09EB0B08CEF38367D15F5" lastPageNumber="617" pageNumber="616">Sexuals occur in the nests from late April through June. The alates are not attracted to lights. They apparently fly in early morning, around sunrise. Females must quickly dealate and sequester themselves, as it appears no one has ever found either a newly mated female or incipient colony of this locally abundant ant.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart>Seidel, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dalsgaard, Thure</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Husemann, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-6681</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-08-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>193</mods:start>
<mods:end>261</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.63435</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.63435</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-2-193</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">984E15D880E04B7DA84F92BB0AD4EA73</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">21773559522D5D9DA4B1A7DA51E4F2A6</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="184941128" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C2E3F0383E5C8D9302EBE7DC8E4D2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4C2E3F0383E5C8D9302EBE7DC8E4D2D" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="0" pageNumber="193">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="193" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">
?87.
<taxonomicName LSID="E4C2E3F0-383E-5C8D-9302-EBE7DC8E4D2D" authority="Verity, 1923" authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycaena peninsulae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulae">Lycaena peninsulae Verity, 1923</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="193" type="original combination">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">Original combination.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">
&quot;
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lycaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycaena euphemus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphemus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="193">Lycaena euphemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hüb">Hueb</normalizedToken>
. (a) race peninsulae, mihi&quot; Verity, 1923 Ent. Rec. 35 Suppl. (7).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="193" type="current combination">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">Current combination.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="193">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Phengaris" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phengaris euphemus subsp. peninsulae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="euphemus" subSpecies="peninsulae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="193">Phengaris euphemus peninsulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Verity, 1923)
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="193" type="current status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">Current status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">Valid subspecies.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="193" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">Original material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1937-06-10" elevation="1300" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Type">
Labelled as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Type”">
&quot;
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
1? (ZMH 833468) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Plate 13. 85. Phengaris alcon f. lunulata (Warnecke, 1942); 86. Phengaris arionides f. selzeri (Warnecke, 1924); 87. Phengaris euphemus peninsulae (Verity, 1923); 88. Cupido argiades ab. depuncta (Hirschke, 1903); 89. Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damon ausonia (Verity, 1913); 90. Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) pfeifferi (Brandt, 1938); 91. Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) alcestis (Zerny, 1932); 92. Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) ardschira (Brandt, 1938); 93. Polyommatus daphnis macra f. squalida Verity, 1920; 94. Polyommatus dorylas r. correpta (Verity, 1920). a. Dorsal view, b. ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/579722" pageId="0" pageNumber="193">87</figureCitation>
). &quot;peninsulae Vrty&quot; // &quot;Marche / Bolognola /
<collectingDate value="1937-06-10">10.VI.1937</collectingDate>
/ Querci /
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
&quot; // [blank label] // &quot;ZMH 833468
</materialsCitation>
&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="193" type="original locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">Original locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">Italy: &quot;Sibillini Mts. in the Marche, below Bolognola, at 1000 m&quot;.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="193" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="193">
Verity (1923) proposed this name as a race of
<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. euphemus" pageId="0" pageNumber="193" rank="species" species="euphemus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="193">L. euphemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, 1799-1800. According to
<bibRefCitation author="Kudrna, O" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="193" pagination="1 - 105" refId="B56" refString="Kudrna, O, 1983. An annotated catalogue of the butterflies named by Roger Verity. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 21 (1): 1 - 105" title="An annotated catalogue of the butterflies named by Roger Verity." volume="21" year="1983">Kudrna (1983</bibRefCitation>
: 35), this race represents an available subspecific name. However, the year on the specimen labels (1937) indicate specimens were collected 14 years after description (1923) from the same location (i.e., Italy: Bolognola) the original type material was collected. As a result, the black label of the specimens treated as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“type”">&quot;type&quot;</normalizedToken>
by Verity is erroneous. The specimen collected from the same geographical location from which the type specimen was collected is called topotype. According to ICZN (1999), a topotype has no formal standing and is not regulated by the Code. Therefore, this specimen is erroneously labelled as type, should be annotated as &quot;Not a Type&quot; and are treated here as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Non-type”">&quot;Non-type&quot;</normalizedToken>
specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>