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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.602.8136" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-602-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA86D39FFE2FFF3FF8AFFEBC209FFDE" ID-Zenodo-Dep="126863" ID-ZooBank="65EFA27673454AC69B78DBE7E98D6103" ModsDocID="1313-2970-602-1" checkinTime="1467777339758" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Neubauer, Thomas A." docDate="2016" docId="C69A25C05390E6B78602612CC035F28E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 602: 1-358" docOrigin="ZooKeys 602" docPubDate="2016-07-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.602.8136" docTitle="Nodosiana Bourguignat 1884" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFA86D39FFE2FFF3FF8AFFEBC209FFDE" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFA86D39FFE2FFF3FF8AFFEBC209FFDE" masterDocTitle="A nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Melanopsidae (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea)" masterLastPageNumber="358" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1643498155835" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Melanopsidae (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Neubauer, Thomas A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-9941</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thomas.neubauer@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-07-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>602</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>358</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.602.8136</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.602.8136</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">65EFA27673454AC69B78DBE7E98D6103</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFA86D39FFE2FFF3FF8AFFEBC209FFDE</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">126863</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127893337" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C69A25C05390E6B78602612CC035F28E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C69A25C05390E6B78602612CC035F28E" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName LSID="C69A25C0-5390-E6B7-8602-612CC035F28E" authority="Bourguignat, 1884" authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1884" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Nodosiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nodosiana" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Nodosiana Bourguignat, 1884</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="original source">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Original source.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation author="Bourguignat, JR" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Malacologie" pageId="303" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 168" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55067page/9/mode/1up" refId="B48" refString="Bourguignat, JR, 1884. Histoire des melaniens du systeme europeen. Annales de Malacologie 2: 1 - 168, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55067page/9/mode/1up" title="Histoire des melaniens du systeme europeen." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55067page/9/mode/1up" volume="2" year="1884">Bourguignat 1884</bibRefCitation>
: 76.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="original classification">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Original classification.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Subgenus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. B. L. d'A. de Ferussac in J. B. L. d'A. de Ferussac &amp; A. E. J. P. J. F. d'A. de Ferussac" authorityYear="1807" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis" order="Pteropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Melanopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferussac" authorityYear="1822" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis nodosa" order="Pteropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Nodosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Melanopsis nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Férussac">Ferussac</normalizedToken>
, 1822, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="C69A8B34F1890B55F0A42408813B51E9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231522999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C69A8B34F1890B55F0A42408813B51E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C69A8B34F1890B55F0A42408813B51E9" lastPageNumber="971" pageNumber="971" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000190">
<subSubSection id="37A9005387FC27114E0B1BEF9E6B0C22" pageNumber="971" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="94643307F54FC8862A636351EFD0030B" pageNumber="971">
<taxonomicName id="B5B4DE1CB47C6A98BF38ED1A52F41825" ID-CoL="35TZZ" authority="(Traill 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="971" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="7BDA32E1CE5ACF688541AA537A0A7A33" italics="true" pageNumber="971">Dicrostonyx groenlandicus</emphasis>
(Traill 1823)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CD8B44832079F753D7563AEC288BD484" pageNumber="971" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="562FA29FCF81BEEDDFF1DC2344F227F2" pageNumber="971">
<treatmentCitation id="D46F841E18F4B92164805477296BEF90" author="Traill" authority="(Traill 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="416" pageNumber="971" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus" title="[Dicrostonyx] groenlandicus" volumeTitle="in: Scoresby, J. Voy. to Northern Whale-Fishery ..." year="1823">
<taxonomicName id="6752F2C077405383FFC2C8C8A10C471A" ID-CoL="35TZZ" authority="(Traill 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="971" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="368A3B904B16A82F6416603827B25233" italics="true" pageNumber="971">[Dicrostonyx] groenlandicus</emphasis>
(Traill 1823)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="83C49CC6F4E7726E6A1933254372FE97" author="Traill" pageNumber="971" pagination="416" title="[Dicrostonyx] groenlandicus" volumeTitle="in: Scoresby, J. Voy. to Northern Whale-Fishery ..." year="1823">in: Scoresby, J. Voy. to Northern Whale-Fishery ...: 416</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DACAE25F6F561C1F7F3E8C4905ECDF77" pageNumber="971" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AC0CAFAAD3D27994145CC9C63D7576C5" pageNumber="971">
<emphasis id="E0FEF5FD964C29A7A51F4396F4CE6627" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="971">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="6C1AA49BAE7FC7B56F51EBCFC60CF4B9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867286856" country="Greenland" pageNumber="971">
<collectingCountry id="80645F06C15EF9E64C9B8C13C9AEE4F8" name="Greenland">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, Jamesons Land.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C06B9EB1579E8D0477E9F2518BC7AAD7" pageNumber="971" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="624ED9CE09AD63121AF1CACFE3C66301" pageNumber="971">
<emphasis id="6BA0AA7BD1C85D864F630B995CAE3837" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="971">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4D878FECB905EFBCFC745A971674AB66" language="eng" pageNumber="971">Nearctic Collared Lemming</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="528D42E57BD9F72C39FE0552139832C0" pageNumber="971" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="63BA67426E1BE1191A02F00E7767271D" pageNumber="971">
<emphasis id="5BE102D10A03C756A5683F3673CBACB4" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="971">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BC0D2289293B09A8756D6790E7B00D9A" authority="Stone 1900" authorityName="Stone" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="971" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alascensis">
<emphasis id="2EAA5135E617E98E97A60A14C2E1376B" italics="true" pageNumber="971">Dicrostonyx alascensis</emphasis>
Stone 1900
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="7B2CFA56D6599509E3D5F2B2C8B98D9D" authority="Handley 1953" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1953" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="971" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarus">
<emphasis id="653B25CBFCE8C15DA1B5444B7303AF03" italics="true" pageNumber="971">Dicrostonyx clarus</emphasis>
Handley 1953
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="89B1A46851334B6119A91464DDC6060D" authority="Anderson and Rand 1945" authorityName="Anderson and Rand" authorityYear="1945" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="971" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kilangmiutak">
<emphasis id="824F9CB5E188FE3CF4A7406D1D4E7D51" italics="true" pageNumber="971">Dicrostonyx kilangmiutak</emphasis>
Anderson and Rand 1945
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="876B6647F6F0369940A6E6B143828439" authority="Handley 1953" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1953" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="971" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lentus">
<emphasis id="C17FFE1C8776B695424BEB271D5DD138" italics="true" pageNumber="971">Dicrostonyx lentus</emphasis>
Handley 1953
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="8BA470E08D2DB58A4FF8C6CAEA118613" authority="(Richardson 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="971" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubricatus">
<emphasis id="1BE91EB814A286D95256654A5EF58746" italics="true" pageNumber="971">Dicrostonyx rubricatus</emphasis>
(Richardson 1889)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70CA59A259BE53B2872E0A0FCEBE2755" pageNumber="971" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1A2C3E518C61E1A8751187182ED0C0AE" pageNumber="971">
<emphasis id="B304577363A6BE01DBF1B733FD5CAFFA" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="971">Distribution:</emphasis>
N
<collectingCountry id="5D5EA1D8E76D04D3E7A25F85E6F9C145" name="Greenland">Greenland</collectingCountry>
and Queen Elizabeth Isls, islands in the District of Franklin, and Southampton Isl; N North America above treeline, from NE District of Keewatin,
<collectingCountry id="9B9B2EF674978676A0F1074497E9D234" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
, to N
<collectingRegion id="6274C099DF1EFD5A442E455CBCFA2AC9" country="United States of America" name="Alaska">Alaska</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="AB546BCD46805EE69CB8E213C7FDEAE5" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4C9CC93B5440FE133C8A01BA1F996593" pageNumber="971" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="D059597DFC8C66CCC7925C0B7FA27D09" pageNumber="971">
<emphasis id="82BFA1B5D3B710E8254A13F253FD0FA3" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="971">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="28F6A2A56B45365E5B66EA6E4AAB595E">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Lower Risk (lc) as
<taxonomicName id="71E9E92625BCA9E0361D1FDBEF6B2D3C" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="C7126CDD28B376C697E959A3058BC47D" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. groenlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7B16A8C5166756663BB16D278208910" authorityName="Anderson and Rand" authorityYear="1945" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kilangmiutak">
<emphasis id="1B12D650AFC8BE1E178D06F9BEEC1A10" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. kilangmiutak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="7500014074CA7EC32632193773E4624B" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubricatus">
<emphasis id="E2B97A1517F85D116AA351154E8F4659" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. rubricatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0406EA3B637DEF4AEA03E89A2AF7D3D1" pageNumber="971" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8319A83E09252D26941F8C1A16F4D2FB" pageNumber="971">
<emphasis id="474E148A364A7C2F4F0D377819D21140" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="971">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="F20C21A0E3A77D47BD4FEA4C3DC44742" pageNumber="971">
In their broad specific concept,
<bibRefCitation id="6D9E5FB9B3CC9D578C90ABD38226AC42" author="Jarrell, G. H. &amp; K. Fredga" refId="ref172504" refString="Jarrell, G. H., and K. Fredga. 1993. How many kinds of lemmings? A taxonomic overview. Pp. 46 - 57, in The biology of lemmings (N. C. Stenseth and R. A. Ims, eds.). Linnean Society Symposium Series 15, Academic Press, London, 683 pp." year="1993">Jarrell and Fredga (1993)</bibRefCitation>
viewed all North American taxa, except
<taxonomicName id="AD12F873943EDEA5ED873EA6503E32CC" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonius">
<emphasis id="386D1B6DD155525FD5897690CD019A07" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. hudsonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as junior synonyms, including the insular forms
<taxonomicName id="2EE85AEF633B50696777F71A7D7A3913" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
<emphasis id="810A7ECEE8A4129081A6E822946A1B81" italics="true" pageNumber="971">exsul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="71ECC0F99DB4CE7CEADFA048C07495BF" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vinogradovi">
<emphasis id="9F80B062F4A108F2E612DCE808A03065" italics="true" pageNumber="971">vinogradovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Morphological, distributional, breeding, chromosomal, and-or molecular evidence, albeit uneven and incomplete, persuades us to maintain
<taxonomicName id="43957DB110C2423268C09B40DBDCEFF8" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni">
<emphasis id="677A5D221C7BE79395FD949908EBE254" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. nelsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6D1374E394178AD059EF12B83D69188A" authorityName="Youngman" authorityYear="1967" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nunatakensis">
<emphasis id="795972510D1D0D50E5D8967961552EC4" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. nunatakensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3D34C60CB57D58A8B28EA41C1BE97E4F" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
<emphasis id="1AC9E5C449A55A8FC1878A961BCF5439" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. richardsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2EE8048B4E78E09543731E9BC4303E31" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unalascensis">
<emphasis id="25D3FAA5AC98D60BE7EB4B452661F8A3" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. unalascensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="32D9DAB141410B8BBFBA2EE145268A1F" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vinogradovi">
<emphasis id="19444A12BDF8903531C342F9D29EC50A" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. vinogradovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct (see those accounts).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D729A542496C8D79611E1A938DFBBD4" pageNumber="971">
Standard and banded chromosomal comparisons reported by
<bibRefCitation id="AF62F8C32EA4398924FA1EFCE35B5327" author="Borowik, O. A. &amp; M. D. Engstrom" refId="ref37547" refString="Borowik, O. A., and M. D. Engstrom. 1993. Chromosomal evolution and biogeography of collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx) in the eastern and High Arctic of Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71: 1481 - 1493." year="1993">Borowik and Engstrom (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, who supported the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="1F4A5AE6FA7595326EF3B6EC12C5AE61" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1953" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clarus">
<emphasis id="60B97A8423505805F272546798132044" italics="true" pageNumber="971">clarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2CC1209EA8965B9A20BCF3E779D38283" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1953" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lentus">
<emphasis id="8741ABDCC50CC0893A22B0DD61173F11" italics="true" pageNumber="971">lentus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7EA2DB6C9B21847DC575B631BD4CF841" author="Engstrom, M. D. &amp; A. J. Baker &amp; J. L. Eger &amp; R. Boonstra &amp; R. J. Brooks" refId="ref96041" refString="Engstrom, M. D., A. J. Baker, J. L. Eger, R. Boonstra, and R. J. Brooks. 1993. Chromosomal and mitochrondrial DNA variation in four laboratory populations of collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71: 42 - 48." year="1993">Engstrom et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="21AC53688605B7BC440DD73E66E46F56" authorityName="Anderson and Rand" authorityYear="1945" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kilangmiutak">
<emphasis id="09D79D07149F1F40929675C7BAE4C924" italics="true" pageNumber="971">kilangmiutak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2n = 47-50) as karyotypically separable from
<taxonomicName id="48A057E944C3E2958E5F5BBF32E901AA" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="47F89F357FFF603710E598ADF306BAE3" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. groenlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2n = 38-44), calling them &quot;cytospecies,&quot; but found the two to be only marginally differentiated in mitochrondrial DNA sequences; samples drawn from the range of
<taxonomicName id="91C4B6706E4FFE3539F2D1C338DFBF35" authorityName="Anderson and Rand" authorityYear="1945" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kilangmiutak">
<emphasis id="C15507C4505CBF683F6F586E7C36FB98" italics="true" pageNumber="971">kilangmiutak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphometrically (
<bibRefCitation id="DC928551863997645AE444AE2C2B260E" author="Eger, J. L." refId="ref91570" refString="Eger, J. L. 1995. Morphometric variation in the Nearctic collared lemming (Dicrostonyx). Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 235: 143 - 161." year="1995">
<collectingRegion id="8B42F31484B0C1BB4C33BA691A730BB5" country="Hungary" name="Eger">Eger</collectingRegion>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
) and genetically (
<bibRefCitation id="316B816BD1527E1BC0E080414B53E13D" author="Ehrich, D. &amp; V. B. Fedorov &amp; N. C. Stenseth &amp; C. J. Krebs &amp; A. Kenny" refId="ref91787" refString="Ehrich, D., V. B. Fedorov, N. C. Stenseth, C. J. Krebs, and A. Kenny. 2000. Phylogeography and mitochrondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity in North American collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus). Molecular Ecology, 9: 329 - 337." year="2000">Ehrich et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
) unremarkable in comparisons with
<taxonomicName id="E7A01ACD244EB802EA80D83BFF045787" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="636524B7F309A0634F70B35ED2FDF9DA" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. groenlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proper. The form
<taxonomicName id="B52B4233D5F77095CD8A43A23B8206C3" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubricatus">
<emphasis id="17DDC562A9573558DE7EAF08DEB58B03" italics="true" pageNumber="971">rubricatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Beringian distribution) shares a distinctive XY-autosomal fusion pattern with
<taxonomicName id="849953E0C35353641E6D084B9A3DEB2B" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="C9171BF117BC433A840F96D42B6A3D1E" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. groenlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pearyland distribution), different from that found in
<taxonomicName id="5133C8CA1FDBA3633A0134C162C7CF49" authority="(Borowik and Engstrom, 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Borowik and Engstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
<emphasis id="E1BDE7B816F58DF5EF90F62EA74B1BD6" italics="true" pageNumber="971">D. richardsoni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="03650FB932F37DBE73BE0495163B913E" author="Borowik, O. A. &amp; M. D. Engstrom" refId="ref37547" refString="Borowik, O. A., and M. D. Engstrom. 1993. Chromosomal evolution and biogeography of collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx) in the eastern and High Arctic of Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71: 1481 - 1493." year="1993">Borowik and Engstrom, 1993</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; levels of differentiation in cranial form (
<bibRefCitation id="AAD5581BC0A17FC8F17A345821FCF508" author="Eger, J. L." refId="ref91570" refString="Eger, J. L. 1995. Morphometric variation in the Nearctic collared lemming (Dicrostonyx). Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 235: 143 - 161." year="1995">
<collectingRegion id="616D088978991D11BE55481D92F90001" country="Hungary" name="Eger">Eger</collectingRegion>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
) and nucleotide sequences (
<bibRefCitation id="DAB79A0A3F234199DB4B3645E1FF8D15" author="Ehrich, D. &amp; V. B. Fedorov &amp; N. C. Stenseth &amp; C. J. Krebs &amp; A. Kenny" refId="ref91787" refString="Ehrich, D., V. B. Fedorov, N. C. Stenseth, C. J. Krebs, and A. Kenny. 2000. Phylogeography and mitochrondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity in North American collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus). Molecular Ecology, 9: 329 - 337." year="2000">Ehrich et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
) provide no persuasive evidence for specific separation of
<taxonomicName id="B143FF61950759E4FCA4E2885417D616" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubricatus">
<emphasis id="E54F2B771BF21CF23BAD59DD64C6A251" italics="true" pageNumber="971">rubricatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the latter study did disclose weakly defined western and eastern clades divided by the Mackenzie River
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

65
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<paragraph id="CDC212CB7CD3E7100FEB5222C7712BD0" pageNumber="26">
<pageStartToken id="C76C6C2CD9B190D217E4080492AA21E4" pageNumber="26">A</pageStartToken>
.
<taxonomicName id="9BE7C35C6D7F9DFDCF7E3FD355E2A670" pageNumber="26" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sisorinae">Sisorinae Bleeker, 1858</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="298DA5ACCFD4EC846A768DFDBD3400C2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="50A59ADB19DDBF8795DEA02A9D5176B2" pageNumber="26">
Genera within
<taxonomicName id="D274240D4F2FC87CA5C42A18C206FFCA" pageNumber="26" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sisorinae">Sisorinae</taxonomicName>
are easily distinguished from other sisorids by the absence of adhesive organs on the thorax or paired fins. Osteological traits used by de Pinna (1996) to diagnose
<taxonomicName id="4DA9B0CDD6330296A8AF04FD9CDD4F2E" pageNumber="26" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sisorinae">Sisorinae</taxonomicName>
include distal tip of maxilla pointed (reversed in
<taxonomicName id="793A131231417971A2072A6C24E56D4A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0A751314-02EC-4492-8816-7780E93559CB" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sisoridae" genus="Sisor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sisor Hamilton 1822:208, 379" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sisor</taxonomicName>
), epioccipital with slender posterior process (reversed in
<taxonomicName id="FE953B43695854046C6673C078A05A49" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0A751314-02EC-4492-8816-7780E93559CB" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sisoridae" genus="Sisor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sisor Hamilton 1822:208, 379" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sisor</taxonomicName>
), and posterodorsal corner of Weberian lamina with pointed process directed posteriorly. Five genera are recognized within
<taxonomicName id="94414544DB7CBCD604BF470713117247" pageNumber="26" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sisorinae">Sisorinae</taxonomicName>
. (Table 4).
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