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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8354" ID-PMC="PMC5018107" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-4-8354" ID-PubMed="27660528" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828-4-e8354" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" ModsDocTitle="Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceará State) and Sete Cidades (Piauí State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil" checkinTime="1470409177769" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira, Pinto, Angelo Parise, Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Carvalho, Alcimar do Lago, Sampaio, Brunno Henrique Lanzellotti, Clarkson, Bruno, Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Avelino-Capistrano, Fernanda, Goncalves, Ines Correa, Cordeiro, Isabelle da Rocha Silva, Camara, Josenir Teixeira, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, de Souza, W. Rafael Maciel &amp; Rafael, Jose Albertino" docDate="2016" docId="C603106FB1B4A2D57C68455BA4ED5901" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8354" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8354" docTitle="Argia sp. 1" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="8354" masterDocId="FFB6FFA1FFEDE6016907FF858F1EFFD1" masterDocTitle="Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceara State) and Sete Cidades (Piaui State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="8354" masterPageNumber="8354" pageNumber="8354" updateTime="1668123848492" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Takiya, Daniela Maeda</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pinto, Angelo Parise</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Alcimar do Lago</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sampaio, Brunno Henrique Lanzellotti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Clarkson, Bruno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Avelino-Capistrano, Fernanda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Goncalves, Ines Correa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cordeiro, Isabelle da Rocha Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Camara, Josenir Teixeira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Barbosa, Julianna Freires</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>de Souza, W. Rafael Maciel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rafael, Jose Albertino</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coenagrionidae" genus="Argia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argia sp. 1" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="8354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sp. 1">Argia sp. 1</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Materials</paragraph>
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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Limeira-de-Oliveira, F. | Pinto
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, J.S.
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; stateProvince:
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; municipality: Ubajara; locality:
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Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Cachoeira do
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; maximumElevationInMeters: 783; verbatimCoordinates:
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,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-40.909725">40°54'35&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Rosser W. Garrison</determinerName>
; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Suspended intercept trap</collectingMethod>
; verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8354" value="2012-12-01">1.xii.12</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-04-24" collectingMethod="Manual" collectionCode="DZRJ" collectorName="Takiya, D. M. | Cavichioli, R. R." country="Brazil" latitude="-3.8402777" location="Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Trilha Samambaia, Rio Gameleira" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.90528" pageId="0" pageNumber="8354" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Takiya, D.M. | Cavichioli, R.R.</collectorName>
; individualCount:
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; sex:
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; lifeStage:
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; Location: country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
; municipality: Ubajara; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C603106FB1B4A2D57C68455BA4ED5901:3352B228BE33899EFAE9779D39B0F6B1" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.8402777" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.90528" name="Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Trilha Samambaia, Rio Gameleira" pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Trilha Samambaia, Rio Gameleira</location>
; maximumElevationInMeters: 874; verbatimCoordinates:
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.8402777">3°50'25&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-40.90528">40°54'19&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Alcimar Carvalho</determinerName>
; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">Manual</collectingMethod>
; verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8354" value="2012-04-24">24.iv.12</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.232.101105" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-232-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0697532AFBEF501390E1C54FC5534BAF" ModsDocID="1314-2003-232-1" checkinTime="1693902206482" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Guedes-Oliveira, Ramon, Fortuna-Perez, Ana Paula, Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso &amp; Mansano, Vidal de Freitas" docDate="2023" docId="C60317B14BF959C8A0AFA506C6D670AE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 232: 1-43" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 232" docPubDate="2023-09-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.232.101105" docTitle="Erythrina crista-galli subsp. var. var. corallina N. F. Mattos, Loefgrenia 71: 3. 1977" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0697532AFBEF501390E1C54FC5534BAF" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0697532AFBEF501390E1C54FC5534BAF" masterDocTitle="Erythrina L. (Phaseoleae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) of Brazil: an updated nomenclatural treatment with notes on etymology and vernacular names" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693902206482" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="B9841275FF9869D01848C234EED88B1D">Erythrina L. (Phaseoleae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) of Brazil: an updated nomenclatural treatment with notes on etymology and vernacular names</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E6022C39C2AE259FF5E00923C53AE97">Programa de Pos-graduacao em Botanica, Escola Nacional de Botanica Tropical (ENBT), Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), 22460 - 036, Horto, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2390B41C32C9CB3A8082A1F48B51C417">Fortuna-Perez, Ana Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="17609F2C19D2384C3B4973C7B3BBB536">Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatistica, Instituto de Biociencias de Botucatu, (IBB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18618 - 970, Botucatu, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4DFC0B15ED7E93748B99531779C3A9AC">Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="07C13FEFA06B6B6EFB0519347FA3ED98">Mansano, Vidal de Freitas</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="C60317B14BF959C8A0AFA506C6D670AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C60317B14BF959C8A0AFA506C6D670AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C60317B14BF959C8A0AFA506C6D670AE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="7EE7C5414ADC609ED96D73E4A5148004" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8426AA2268CC55E6412F2999B40EF725" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0CBB441F8EF024872E6BEBE6E858A9CD" ID-CoL="9DVWW" LSID="C60317B1-4BF9-59C8-A0AF-A506C6D670AE" authority="N. F. Mattos, Loefgrenia 71: 3. 1977" authorityName="N. F. Mattos, Loefgrenia 71: 3." authorityYear="1977" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erythrina crista-galli subsp. var. var. corallina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="crista-galli" subSpecies="var." variety="corallina">Erythrina crista-galli var. corallina N.F.Mattos, Loefgrenia 71: 3. 1977</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32353AFADBA167A129254EE206F079C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A569FCFEF5871128F6284D21C0A9FCDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="275C0CF502CFAA59434E8DC4315B0F4A">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B656B3A726514C3A438FE83F1A41F26" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="444B79750E879148231FE22BC05A75A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="F2AF61D43659FEA60CD5B941218B4E20" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="48B9C843730697D158D7AA4AFEBA418F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
As the original protologue (
<bibRefCitation id="4FF68C290A02DCDA3D1B99E4BEA794E0" author="Mattos, NF" journalOrPublisher="Comunicacoes Avulsas de Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 4" refId="B63" refString="Mattos, NF, 1977. Novidades Taxonomicas em Leguminosae do Rio Grande do Sul. Loefgrenia. Comunicacoes Avulsas de Botanica 71: 3 - 4" title="Novidades Taxonomicas em Leguminosae do Rio Grande do Sul. Loefgrenia." volume="71" year="1977">Mattos 1977</bibRefCitation>
) could not be found, nor any collection made by Mattos was found in any herbaria, this variety could not be confirmed as a valid name or synonym.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1180-181" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C87045DB4F1F59DBB9BBDD90C46DCFC5" ID-ZooBank="0986FE2DF0A04936AB2C2D1EE1254C13" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1180-181" checkinTime="1695263972964" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yeom, Jisu &amp; Lee, Wonchoel" docDate="2023" docId="C603497ECEE8568C918988F27C18305E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1180: 181-199" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1180" docPubDate="2023-09-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288" docTitle="Rhyncholagena cuspis Yeom &amp; Lee 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F595B4B3-DA93-418F-99E8-3613B31ECDD1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="C87045DB4F1F59DBB9BBDD90C46DCFC5" lastPageNumber="181" masterDocId="C87045DB4F1F59DBB9BBDD90C46DCFC5" masterDocTitle="A new species of Rhyncholagena Lang, 1944 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Miraciidae) from Palau" masterLastPageNumber="199" masterPageNumber="181" pageNumber="181" updateTime="1695263972964" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="71C077EE4E8B7B8DD4A9B4E2E2BF1AF9">A new species of Rhyncholagena Lang, 1944 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Miraciidae) from Palau</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="73460CB05179948094C423CB10FBCCC9">Yeom, Jisu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4A2D212638AF0411FABD760EE2A6F9B7">Hanyang University, Department of Life Science, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A0043BCB7FAE7A3E82F333FAFF01467B">Lee, Wonchoel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA07BEC34C706DC3BD0C336758D67507">Hanyang University, Department of Life Science, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="AE11AE0CA505FCA3620D738AF1D562C2">2023</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="03D0D1419C4AF28FA11E8BFD00A324D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicName id="F5209E5716797D641EF092529760DF47" LSID="https://zoobank.org/F595B4B3-DA93-418F-99E8-3613B31ECDD1" authority="Yeom &amp; Lee, 2023" authorityName="Yeom &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Miraciidae" genus="Rhyncholagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholagena cuspis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspis" status="sp. nov.">Rhyncholagena cuspis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83F3D881392A499601558222823A610C" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="01F6D08F11AAC3F5D87F35E8A53F8DE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" type="description">
<paragraph id="A7CE234DBF268F963EC8246AF58E91CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<figureCitation id="C849E23E925EF97FF00ED9E5118AA10E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A habitus, dorsal B habitus, lateral. Male C habitus, dorsal. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908760" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4A207580DA7446C590E672E8E3B1B818" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A A 1 and rostrum, dorsal. Male B A 1 and segments (3 rd and 5 th segment), rostrum, dorsal. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908761" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4E6E5BB7FC498D592C54466C702ED1F5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. A A 2 B mandible C maxillule D maxilla E maxilliped. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908762" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F5D5E03024B91A53139A6981146E0694" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A P 1 B P 2. Male C P 1 basis D P 2 endopod. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908763" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="76FC6DA1DB5F86168456ADF8040C7A16" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. A P 3 B P 4. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908764" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="18F815A4F18A37120418C8DEEBB8408E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A P 5 B genital field and P 6. Male C P 5 and P 6. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908765" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">, 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="62E7256CD720D9AC28E90FB4387E5380" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. SEM photographs A mouth parts B A 2 exopod. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908766" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">, 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8EF5594915AA8F8B379BB4032F66EE83" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. SEM photographs A anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal B caudal ramus, lateral C anal somite and caudal rami, ventral. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908767" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0E652EA3A339D0E97416F72AC6B224D4" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. SEM photographs. Male A P 2 B P 5 and P 6. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908768" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">, 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="53594A8797F6FAB39B0B6A8F5F2545AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="2479E8F692754C8EBFABF294111AB19A" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75A0CF7CC028AA0EB363ECE73E59176B" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
St.1-Shark City (
<geoCoordinate id="0B2D781608D2006CF341DA8C47B0C210" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="04.2" value="7.2678337">7°16'04.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ED223BF95593AE4F2896D1195B9A8C82" degrees="134" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.4" value="134.18651">134°11'11.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
) and St.2-Blue Corner (
<geoCoordinate id="976386CBC0213A7470A28649BD818CD2" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="04.0" value="7.134444">7°08'04.0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C059817066D58861FAC77A1D3B7039EA" degrees="134" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="13.5" value="134.22041">134°13'13.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
) diving sites in west coast of Palau on 19-20 October 2018 and 22-26 January 2019, collected by Wonchoel Lee, Eunha Choi and Jisu Yeom. Sediment type: sand. Depth: 15 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="90FB48FA5FB4C5739CE28E0504DCCAA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" type="type material">
<paragraph id="52B872C7B825FF41B28B1B16796ABE3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="959C9DE7372443BCEF0F7D91478B7EB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="83474B4708F1CCAFB57B647AA1695A7D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Holotype</emphasis>
: Palau • ♀; Koror, Shark City diving site;
<geoCoordinate id="5AB833D30B1823E669DABB127FDCEC67" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="04.2" value="7.2678337">7°16'04.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B8AD3F84DEA20BA7FC70E0538384D868" degrees="134" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.4" value="134.18651">134°11'11.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 15 m, 20 Oct 2018; W. Lee leg.; SCUBA diving; GenBank: OR252612, OR257802; MABIKCR00254070.
<emphasis id="F97F0338A8E1748E95095E6AB4FD7D7C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Allotype</emphasis>
: Palau • ♂; same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OR252613, OR257803; MABIKCR00254071.
<emphasis id="2EA89BA0DBF3815944C6793982B53919" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Palau • ♀; Peleliu, Blue Corner diving site;
<geoCoordinate id="739A5A42EB8F9AE93885C86037A0B655" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="04.0" value="7.134444">7°08'04.0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A4B4BFFB858E6B00E15509B62266E5FA" degrees="134" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="13.5" value="134.22041">134°13'13.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 15 m, 22 Jan 2019; W. Lee, E. Choi, J. Yeom leg.; SCUBA diving; MABIKCR00254072 • ♀,♂; Peleliu, Blue Corner diving site;
<geoCoordinate id="7A1281FFE3DBFCEF31AE556C2D0813B6" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="04.0" value="7.134444">7°08'04.0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5AF4CF689CD2BC05B01165DBCFC2EBAF" degrees="134" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="13.5" value="134.22041">134°13'13.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 15 m, 19 Oct 2018; W. Lee leg.; SCUBA diving; MABIKCR00254073, MABIKCR00254074 • ♀,♂; Koror, Shark City diving site;
<geoCoordinate id="9D4210FC3D327289754875B71D903337" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="04.2" value="7.2678337">7°16'04.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45A5F90D9E7999D96971A643EEADB4D4" degrees="134" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.4" value="134.18651">134°11'11.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 15 m, 26 Jan 2019; W. Lee, E. Choi, J. Yeom leg.; SCUBA diving; MABIKCR00254075, MABIKCR00254076 • 2♀,5♂; same collection data as for holotype; MABIKCR00254077.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="979FA414A719E0428F2776C85E8E9063" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" type="description">
<paragraph id="5F27367F439155699F696DDC2F0F4EAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE7473F614AE750E4AFA4E1D0323F80F" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="C98F330AA2823B91D874FFCE5354BEEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Female.</emphasis>
Total body length 593
<normalizedToken id="4EFE16AF931BBA6A9772DE4C925986F8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(n = 4) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E00860F1D4D6923C2A87651A703ABAF6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A habitus, dorsal B habitus, lateral. Male C habitus, dorsal. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908760" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">2A</figureCitation>
); body slender, cylindrical, slightly tapering distally. Rostrum (Figs
<figureCitation id="B86B11458426BD9972EF728633C36A3C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A habitus, dorsal B habitus, lateral. Male C habitus, dorsal. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908760" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">2A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2368858548B5873B6FB739EAB5014AEC" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A A 1 and rostrum, dorsal. Male B A 1 and segments (3 rd and 5 th segment), rostrum, dorsal. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908761" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">3A</figureCitation>
) prominent, triangular flask-shaped, tapering distally, reaching second antennular segment, defined at base; with two small sensilla. Cephalothorax bell-shaped (Fig.
<figureCitation id="58B9568BD1D70C2A9B7834669026B59A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. SEM photographs A mouth parts B A 2 exopod. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908766" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">8A</figureCitation>
). Anal somite (Figs
<figureCitation id="171A307C78D1692C648681E111C234C9" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A habitus, dorsal B habitus, lateral. Male C habitus, dorsal. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908760" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FFCC5FF513D6968352274700B96AF23B" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. SEM photographs A anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal B caudal ramus, lateral C anal somite and caudal rami, ventral. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908767" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">9</figureCitation>
) with row of spinules along ventral distal margin and long lateral spinous process distally, 1.5 times longer than caudal ramus; Anal operculum well developed, semicircular.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F5B7A25AB2DF364ACD6786DFED34E805" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908760" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="1D84C5794717A4FAFA4ACCBA15437717" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="9A9D18A967337B2B0969B13B11B51ABC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7C056935A395E7E368EA434F64296B4" authorityName="Yeom &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Miraciidae" genus="Rhyncholagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholagena cuspis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspis">
<emphasis id="F37325EBF68239A897D4C53DE7735EAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Rhyncholagena cuspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Female
<emphasis id="E554417F2C3442C52125E92E22EBA036" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal
<emphasis id="2D170A77E5A78592C82ED9ECC65D8537" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">B</emphasis>
habitus, lateral. Male
<emphasis id="26D1FA6750A261F583F66E5FAB3BAA3F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">C</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal. Scale bar: 100
<normalizedToken id="3BF490A9B5E3B76F99353728602BE7D2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C0F75F09F4F84FABA621B1E975F7CB28" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908761" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="B08577BD0EDB980FB24D91348AEB1B9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="1D92F2F68B2F55B3E64A26CCACAF3694" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="397E46D340404E2DF0BFD0BDB8D30283" authorityName="Yeom &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Miraciidae" genus="Rhyncholagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholagena cuspis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspis">
<emphasis id="D4AD2458E1AD715523FD4617F19CD39F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Rhyncholagena cuspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Female
<emphasis id="C9720A00DEBD3785B492155A1BFEA3C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
A1 and rostrum, dorsal. Male
<emphasis id="A029B36EC083E7F26048597351E7BDDA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">B</emphasis>
A1 and segments (3rd and 5th segment), rostrum, dorsal. Scale bar: 10
<normalizedToken id="8A3ECDCFF4B80EE3959F33D047E23D80" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="413A28744A112C4EC6E2938994B10928" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
Caudal ramus (Figs
<figureCitation id="629E505B549E76D136E1C992637A3E67" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A habitus, dorsal B habitus, lateral. Male C habitus, dorsal. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908760" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">2A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="303A11F2278EB5460EF29D18C9C70371" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. SEM photographs A anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal B caudal ramus, lateral C anal somite and caudal rami, ventral. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908767" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">9</figureCitation>
). Approximately 1.2 times as long as greatest width, armed with spinules on the lateral ventral surface and the inner dorsal surface. Each ramus armed with seven setae; seta I and seta II located the medial of the lateral margin, seta I bare, seta II short, seta III bare and located near seta I and seta II on the lateral margin; seta IV well developed, bipinnate, seta IV more than half as long as seta V, seta V as long as urosome; both terminal caudal setae with fractured plane; seta VI bare, located on inner distal corner; seta VII, bare, located on dorsal surface of caudal ramus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="698C8D557035F0E86310206C269A6DE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
A1 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="66E4FC1B5F366E610A9FC2771769475E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A A 1 and rostrum, dorsal. Male B A 1 and segments (3 rd and 5 th segment), rostrum, dorsal. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908761" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">3A</figureCitation>
). Eight-segmented, slender; seg-2 about 2.5 times as long as broad and slightly longer than seg-1; seg-4 twice as long as seg-3. Armature formula (segment-[number of seta/setae]): 1-[1 bare], 2-[8 bare + 2 pinnate], 3-[7 bare], 4-[4 bare + aesthetasc], 5-[2 bare], 6-[2 bare], 7-[4 bare], 8-[5 bare + acrothek]. Aesthetasc on seg-4 fused basally with adjacent seta and about twice as long as distal four segments combined. Apical acrothek consisting of aesthetasc and two bare setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83E242FE6750E5C867F8CA5BA66D1613" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
A2 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9C58DE29FABAD2A91D071E3A90FF993C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. A A 2 B mandible C maxillule D maxilla E maxilliped. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908762" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">4A</figureCitation>
). Basis short, squarish, unarmed. Endopod two-segmented, enp-2 with two spiniform setae laterally, four geniculate setae and three bare setae terminally. Exopod (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1FC2F7BD6D640C66EBEE5AC7980B5C7D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. SEM photographs A mouth parts B A 2 exopod. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908766" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">8B</figureCitation>
) two-segmented, exp-1 with the long pinnate seta; exp-2 with two pinnate setae laterally, pinnate seta and small bare seta distally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DEC4873B4EE320E5E51C6DD8E0FD6867" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908762" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="BEF62649D3C1CF8C35CC938451BF422F" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="C99EA788B813FB61144EAB474C4D98F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2AE31762090C8410BD7917286748726" authorityName="Yeom &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Miraciidae" genus="Rhyncholagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholagena cuspis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspis">
<emphasis id="117DF30F07330A236C8EA190EB3E88B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Rhyncholagena cuspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="9E98EFA78677ABC6209BAEA2C150F39D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
A2
<emphasis id="189A85292EA276F1FE80BDEF333E3E17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">B</emphasis>
mandible
<emphasis id="E542EB1C04E77A55D7D72AA2EDF56B69" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">C</emphasis>
maxillule
<emphasis id="9E290BE697C5D0B01ABE040C57AC2B4C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">D</emphasis>
maxilla
<emphasis id="919AE9974B4D9B7635ED328734B82DE7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">E</emphasis>
maxilliped. Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken id="7F2E47D6B78D71DED97B81A8255EC94C" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="756277F4CDED16D8714581BADB40FB10" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
Mandible (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B5902A16D63CE4E080663EBD2BDA7F2A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. A A 2 B mandible C maxillule D maxilla E maxilliped. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908762" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">4B</figureCitation>
). Gnathobase bearing chitinous projection on surface; basis with setules bearing three bare setae and one pinnate seta; exopod two-segmented, exp-1 with seta, exp-2 with two setae; endopod bearing two setae on proximal lobe and seven terminal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="403000CEDB0153B976FD898BB7E300C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
Maxillule (Fig.
<figureCitation id="06448D69BFB7137351AC435A1B7FA6A0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. A A 2 B mandible C maxillule D maxilla E maxilliped. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908762" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">4C</figureCitation>
). Praecoxal arthrite bearing six elements distally with two pinnate spines, two bare setae laterally and two bare setae on surface; coxa with two bare setae; basis with six bare setae; endopod bearing four bare setae; exopod bearing two plumose setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69908A7DA13A47D8F9CA55C59687714E" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
Maxilla (Fig.
<figureCitation id="75F562D5076923218544E8E95CC8911E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. A A 2 B mandible C maxillule D maxilla E maxilliped. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908762" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">4D</figureCitation>
). Three endites of syncoxa with two, two and three setae, proximal to distal, respectively; allobasis transformed to thick pinnate claw bearing bare seta, two thin setae and short seta on surface; uniarticulated endopod with six bare setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14743CB1C1E53E9E776B00C8EB6E4BCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
Maxilliped (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5D1AE5E09F35B6A0F283E4ACEE793ADE" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. A A 2 B mandible C maxillule D maxilla E maxilliped. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908762" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">4E</figureCitation>
). Subchelate; syncoxa with three pinnate setae and row of setules; basis with row of setules on surface, three times as long as broad, bearing two bare setae; endopod elongate, with strong claw and two bare setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC5C4B79FEFFA7431D44A558E67F872D" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">In P1-P4, all rami three-segmented and coxa ornamented with several rows of spinules. Armature formula of the new species as follows:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67BAFE35F91807D77AB71133CC3EEA94" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
P1 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CCA1A2A1749E0B09961E67CF64ABAD09" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A P 1 B P 2. Male C P 1 basis D P 2 endopod. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908763" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">5A</figureCitation>
). Basis with outer ornamented seta, inner margin with setules and armed with bipinnate spine. Exp-1 inner margin bare, exp-1 and exp-2 with bipinnate outer spine and ornamented with spinules along outer margin, exp-2 inner margin with setules and bare inner seta; exp-3 with three outer spines and two geniculate setae distally. Enp-1 much longer than exopod, about 6.2 times longer than wide, with inner pinnate seta distally, which almost reaches the end of enp-3, inner margin ornamented with setules; enp-2 small and bare; enp-3 as long as enp-2, outer margin ornamented with spinules, bearing slender bare seta at inner distal edge, long seta and unipinnate claw-like spine apically.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F37764B4473839AF0AE1692F4F714B18" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908763" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="BBED12BC13601A192FC22863D57D8676" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="0E9A00CB4036271F98253FD450BD8C52" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9B63887C25817FC6558B689F58A375A9" authorityName="Yeom &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Miraciidae" genus="Rhyncholagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholagena cuspis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspis">
<emphasis id="B59E6EA3A3AFC533FB3AE517176CE422" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Rhyncholagena cuspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Female
<emphasis id="72D870353D441F3662DDE81EE9FB8612" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
P1
<emphasis id="E187591B052E41EBDDFF1A98367E97DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">B</emphasis>
P2. Male
<emphasis id="47643B847CB340329CA9A5BD878FC3C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">C</emphasis>
P1 basis
<emphasis id="BC0CDB2E856E303FD51190FFC5428F30" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">D</emphasis>
P2 endopod. Scale bar: 30
<normalizedToken id="4B0FB9FAEAD340238E8479B1722FB057" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="268CADCDD795955B400A430F2B0BD4A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
P2 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="094C05DAA3E56FB94762BA82DF51B341" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A P 1 B P 2. Male C P 1 basis D P 2 endopod. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908763" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">5B</figureCitation>
). Basis with setules distally and outer ornamented seta. Both exp-1 and exp-2 with inner plumose seta, inner margin ornamented with setules, bipinnate outer spine and outer margin ornamented with spinules; exp-3 with two plumose inner setae, long plumose seta at inner terminal, long spiniform seta with plumose inner side and pinnate outer side at outer terminal and three outer spines, proximal outer margin ornamented with spinules. Endopod as long as exopod, enp-1 with plumose inner seta; enp-2 with two plumose inner setae; enp-3 with pinnate inner seta, two setae distally and spine at outer distal corner, outer margin of endopod segments ornamented with spinules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94068726C438E83254D1657298E34842" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
P3 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BBA90A2B08A7D9DEF3E5CB2CA3E07FE9" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. A P 3 B P 4. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908764" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">6A</figureCitation>
). Basis with bare outer seta. Both exp-1 and exp-2 with inner seta and outer margin ornamented with spinules; exp-3 with two long inner setae, long plumose seta and long pinnate seta at inner terminal and three outer pinnate spines, proximal outer margin ornamented with spinules. Endopod as long as exopod, both enp-1 and enp-2 with plumose inner seta; enp-3 with three plumose inner setae, two setae distally and short spine at outer distal corner; outer margin of endopod segments ornamented with spinules.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D71A59FB25A11AE3474B5072154F1997" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908764" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="8715F15E503A23739C90BD638CB836E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="AF278026896CB5AD5EEE6CACDD742B0E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="612EBDD620860B2135F69F81247DD28F" authorityName="Yeom &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Miraciidae" genus="Rhyncholagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholagena cuspis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspis">
<emphasis id="6B8824416CC1F8C63FB264B8552BA17F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Rhyncholagena cuspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="5C34FC94258AEA0D93656A5B9296DEF0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
P3
<emphasis id="07422DA5E6E32B335765B763F032C684" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">B</emphasis>
P4. Scale bar: 30
<normalizedToken id="27FF928A3DCADCEFFAAC85A4FF65D6C5" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FBF9F713D536E505B39086508F910AC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
P4 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D6847D9E8C0E053E43AB2721C3ED3626" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. A P 3 B P 4. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908764" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">6B</figureCitation>
). Basis with bare outer seta. Exp-1 with bare inner seta; exp-2 with plumose inner seta, inner margin ornamented with setules; exp-3 with two long setae and short seta on inner margin, long plumose seta and long seta with plumose inner side and pinnate outer side at distal and three outer spines, outer margin of exopod ornamented with spinules. Endopod shorter than exopod, both enp-1 and enp-2 with plumose inner seta; enp-3 with two plumose inner setae, two setae distally and spine at outer distal corner, outer margin of endopod segments ornamented with spinules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7BE782915EB1FD968005063F41F136DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
P5 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2DB73A3AA52967F0F09356376003863D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A P 5 B genital field and P 6. Male C P 5 and P 6. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908765" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">7A</figureCitation>
). Baseoendopod and exopod distinct, baseoendopod with long, slender and bare basal seta; endopodal lobe bearing three inner pinnate spines and two distal pinnate spines. Exopod elongated, 3.6 times longer than wide, with incision between the apical setae, with setules along inner margin and spinules along outer margins, bearing six bare setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="53DB1F1670045C3628AFD860AFEB727C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908765" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="59FE7775E2F49C088223FBAD99E67AE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="6891AC3205DF1F2275598C65C726A3C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B009029647B1729E9CFC4AB100FBF0FB" authorityName="Yeom &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Miraciidae" genus="Rhyncholagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholagena cuspis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspis">
<emphasis id="B430EC8A33FAA46A69AAC6FF6569D639" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Rhyncholagena cuspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Female
<emphasis id="DBE3F68E6B1CCCD3B434BE368728E973" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
P5
<emphasis id="0CE0E229DBF0458C84B8EB04930BD1C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">B</emphasis>
genital field and P6. Male
<emphasis id="DFC16F0FE25024BE7D0C212D2973D3AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">C</emphasis>
P5 and P6. Scale bar: 30
<normalizedToken id="64305790B3A8AE700E028726184743BF" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="965FDF836E775417521331EF8699897F" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
Genital area as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="6AD735C57ED271CB190542707A461FD1" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A P 5 B genital field and P 6. Male C P 5 and P 6. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908765" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">7B</figureCitation>
. P6 with two long setae and short pinnate spiniform seta. Genital double-somite with epicopulatory bulb.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94FC8774C7514A81C5408A773A99DEB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B475317163C3F0A536C7FC4C2E881E2E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Male.</emphasis>
Body (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9A57302D56066A0476D417EF64AE1A2B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A habitus, dorsal B habitus, lateral. Male C habitus, dorsal. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908760" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">2C</figureCitation>
) 502
<normalizedToken id="F4CF7313EEF5A54F271D3BAA50D32EBE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(n = 3) in length, smaller and more slender than female. Sexual dimorphism shown in A1, P1, P2, P5 and P6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C379EBA123874B643248DFEC007E597" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
A1 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1210A50EC42934ABB3F2C0E9A1ADD195" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A A 1 and rostrum, dorsal. Male B A 1 and segments (3 rd and 5 th segment), rostrum, dorsal. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908761" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">3B</figureCitation>
). Subchirocer, 11-segmented. Armature formula: 1-[1 bare], 2-[9 bare + 1 pinnate], 3-[6 bare], 4-[1 bare + 1 pinnate], 5-[4 bare + aesthetasc], 6-[1 bare], 7-[1 bare], 8-[0], 9-[1 bare], 10-[3 bare], 11-[4+1 acrothek].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F7BEC484ABEB3789BC0A564FBB4F938" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
P1 basis (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B00005F21F19FC213B57FD2E46BD46CD" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A P 1 B P 2. Male C P 1 basis D P 2 endopod. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908763" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">5C</figureCitation>
) with claw-like spine and inner margin with bifid protrusion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD9511827E9B450A07B7698BC8E533DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
P2 endopod (Figs
<figureCitation id="0F9551A0381C0A4A8ACF5D25FA0BB95B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. Female A P 1 B P 2. Male C P 1 basis D P 2 endopod. Scale bar: 30 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908763" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">5D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FA850EF6DF83307DB31872096B961C2" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. SEM photographs. Male A P 2 B P 5 and P 6. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908768" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">10A</figureCitation>
). Two-segmented, outer margin ornamented with setules; enp-1 with pinnate inner seta; enp-2 modified, bearing three inner setae, terminal seta, outer distal curved thick spine.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D93C973FCFD12EA46AEB7FC71C8931F5" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908766" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="3978AC5E77C65C9CC22BEB94201032E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="0452B3AAA1B92B3E609FCAC96A7097B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="85D3701645BAB4ED619EAE2A15650406" authorityName="Yeom &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Miraciidae" genus="Rhyncholagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholagena cuspis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspis">
<emphasis id="9689E7F120C1C711B4B4BD585A69681F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Rhyncholagena cuspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. SEM photographs
<emphasis id="C631DC076EDBB11588A74E3AD61DF2F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
mouth parts
<emphasis id="3E200816C356C5EC97684C7C11A650DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">B</emphasis>
A2 exopod. Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken id="CE2429B86FABC1C5494289E8E854B2CA" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9B5646E4B15F0D459030EB14096D75E0" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908767" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="70C51D72A9F2180AD18C35C549A071FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="9C006E1E4D55C526E59B9C65F22EE314" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6358E5038C70AC704AB42393542764E3" authorityName="Yeom &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Miraciidae" genus="Rhyncholagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholagena cuspis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspis">
<emphasis id="1F77C7F731C318DE1954DEFC3FA91186" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Rhyncholagena cuspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. SEM photographs
<emphasis id="82041B2CA00F218D82EA3C63E8E290B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal
<emphasis id="AD2BA7C1F29F96F402C65E677E90937C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">B</emphasis>
caudal ramus, lateral
<emphasis id="4CFD053F09B7E32971F8057CA972D88E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">C</emphasis>
anal somite and caudal rami, ventral. Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken id="84AC54B9B5F76C217A9DA013B57E48A4" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2D0CC94A474BD153201800113926DDE0" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908768" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="23CC360DF63FC4881736053127B9D8BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="496031B0ED565B4089CBEC6BCB200516" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6026AECC56F6923EBEA9D48CDD3B14BF" authorityName="Yeom &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2023" class="Copepoda" family="Miraciidae" genus="Rhyncholagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholagena cuspis" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspis">
<emphasis id="F903C373E0294621697A728F68A6EEDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Rhyncholagena cuspis</emphasis>
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sp. nov. SEM photographs. Male
<emphasis id="2E966B1C7E841BFB146FAB355B426D19" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">A</emphasis>
P2
<emphasis id="E7F2D260894ED7741A8D3DEC972011F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">B</emphasis>
P5 and P6. Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken id="AA40D685DCBE9EC7A43FCC1E06CC950C" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
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<paragraph id="B86E39B3325DE8E021FC9468C33F2C27" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
P5 (Figs
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,
<figureCitation id="A2BE4ECDF29404023BC0BD75711D8BD9" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. SEM photographs. Male A P 2 B P 5 and P 6. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908768" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">10B</figureCitation>
). Baseoendopod and exp distinct; endopodal lobe ornamented with spinules at outer margin, armed with two spines. Exp with five setae in total, including bipinnate inner seta, long distal bare seta and three bare outer setae, outer margin ornamented with setules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="09E937CE6C9B3C67009AED378CF0F2A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
P6 (Figs
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,
<figureCitation id="7415C150370FF626802397EEEC049BB5" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Rhyncholagena cuspis sp. nov. SEM photographs. Male A P 2 B P 5 and P 6. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1180.109288.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/908768" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">10B</figureCitation>
) represented by short inner seta and two long bare setae on outer distal corner of genital operculum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="162172FCC3E40FB45A7107342CD7880B" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="91CD215E079995D806374493D313A009" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="167B21025A335D927EC5ADD1545C8A29" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">
The scientific name is derived from the Latin
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<emphasis id="0B664FC021B88E622E566DB59B8515C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">Rhyncholagena cuspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(meaning a point), alluding to the spinous process on the anal somite.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F5313D1827FB59E957AC09122FCEA24A" pageId="0" pageNumber="181" type="dna-barcode">
<paragraph id="FB8C7DBED19AC17730790A73809DCB58" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">DNA-barcode.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0351FD3690C0E796D394432A64220AFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="181">The 18S rRNA sequences [female: 1,691 base pairs (bp) (OR257802); male: 1,775 bp (OR257803)] and the mtCOI sequences [female: 641 bp (OR252612); male: 573 bp (OR252613)] were successfully amplified from the two specimens of the new species. These sequences were submitted to GenBank.</paragraph>
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Linnaeus
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<paragraph id="72C3EC9DE50B9EE87FF049A1EFFD4440" pageNumber="476">&quot;Habitat in Europa australi.&quot; RCN: 1946.</paragraph>
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117: 88. 1985): Herb. Clifford: 89,
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Current name:
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(L.) Lam.
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5.
<taxonomicName LSID="C603910F-6F12-EB23-C4D3-9B42644DAE2C" authority="Raf., Autik. Bot. 107. 1840" authorityName="Raf., Autik. Bot. 107." authorityYear="1840" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">Solanum emulans Raf., Autik. Bot. 107. 1840</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Solanum emulans Raf. A Habit B fruiting habit C Bud D flower E dissected flower F mature fruits G dried berry H seed (A-H Ruth 687). Drawing by C. Banks." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305314" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figure 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Solanum emulans Raf. A Leaves and buds B leaf abaxial surface and inflorescence C buds and flower at full anthesis D developing fruits with appressed calyx lobes (A, C, D Nee 61357; B Nee 61306). Photos by M. Nee." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305315" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">, 16</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName authority="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. virginicum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="virginicum">Solanum nigrum L. var. virginicum</taxonomicName>
L., Sp. Pl. 186. 1753. Type. &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrum">Solanum nigrum</taxonomicName>
vulgari simile, caulibus exasperates&quot;, cultivated in England, at James
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sherard’s">Sherard's</normalizedToken>
garden in Eltham (
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="Hortus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hortus" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">Hortus</taxonomicName>
Elthamensis), said to be from Virginia (lectotype, designated by Edmonds in
<bibRefCitation author="Jarvis, CE" journalOrPublisher="Alaska Park Science" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="B116" refString="Jarvis, CE, 2007. Order Out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and Their Types. Linnean Society of London, London." title="Order Out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and Their Types. Linnean Society of London, London." year="2007">Jarvis 2007</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 861, Dillenius,
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Elthamensis 2: 368, t. 275, f. 356. 1732).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authority="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pterocaulum var. heterogonum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pterocaulum" variety="heterogonum">Solanum pterocaulum Dunal var. heterogonum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 52. 1852. Type. Cultivated in France at Montpellier &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hort. ex Dun" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum heterogonum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterogonum">Solanum heterogonum</taxonomicName>
. In hortis bot. cultum&quot; (no specimens cited, described from living plants &quot;v.v. hort. Monsp.&quot;; neotype, designated here: MPU [MPU31070707]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum adventitium" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adventitium">Solanum adventitium</taxonomicName>
Polg., Magyar. Bot. Lapok 24: 18, pl. 1. 1926. Type. Hungary.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Györ">Gyoer</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Güterbahnhof">Gueterbahnhof</normalizedToken>
, 20 Sep 1918,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Polgár">Polgar</normalizedToken>
2698
</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: BP [BP-352743]; isolectotypes: B [B100278541], W [acc. # 1935-0007031]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Polgar" authorityYear="1939" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dillenianum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dillenianum">Solanum dillenianum</taxonomicName>
Polg., Acta Horti Gothob. 13: 281. 1939. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. virginicum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="virginicum">Solanum nigrum var. virginicum</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
United States of America. &quot;Amer. bor.&quot;,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C.S. Rafinesque s.n.</emphasis>
[ex Herb. Rafinesque] (neotype, designated here: W [acc. # 0009388]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Annual herbs to subwoody perennial shrubs up to 1.0 m tall, branching at base. Stems terete to ridged, green colour, pubescent with simple, appressed, uniseriate eglandular 1-5-celled trichomes, these ca. 0.2 mm long, new growth more densely pubescent. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, 4.5-10.5(-17.5) cm long, 2.0-6.3(-8.3) cm wide, ovate, thin membranous, slightly discolorous, green above and purplish tinged underneath, especially so in younger growth; adaxial surface glabrous to sparsely pubescent with appressed translucent, simple, uniseriate trichomes like those on stem scattered mainly along veins; abaxial surface glabrous to sparsely pubescent with trichomes like those of the upper surface on both lamina and veins; primary veins 4-6 pairs; base attenuate to acute; margins sinuate dentate, rarely entire; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1.0-5.0 cm long, pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems. Inflorescences 1.0-2.5 cm long, lateral, internodal, unbranched or occasionally forked, with (2)3-6 flowers clustered near the tips (sub-umbelliform), sparsely pubescent with appressed simple uniseriate trichomes like those on stem; peduncle 1.0-1.7 cm long, straight; pedicels 8-10 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm in diameter at the base and 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter at the apex, straight and spreading, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced ca. 0-0.5 mm apart. Buds subglobose, corolla exserted from the calyx to 1/3 of its length. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect. Calyx tube 0.7-0.9 mm long, the lobes 0.8-2.2 mm long, 0.7-1.3 mm wide, ovate to elongate with obtuse apices, sparsely pubescent with appressed hairs like those on stem but shorter. Corolla 8-10 mm in diameter, stellate, white with a yellow-green central portion near the base, lobed 1/3 to the base, the lobes 3.0-4.0 mm long, 1.0-1.2 mm wide, strongly reflexed at anthesis, later spreading, densely pubescent abaxially along margins and apex with simple uniseriate trichomes like those on stem and leaves but shorter. Stamens equal; filament tube minute, pubescent with spreading uniseriate simple trichomes adaxially; free portion of the filaments 0.6-1.0 mm long, pubescent like the tube; anthers (1
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)1.5–">-)1.5-</normalizedToken>
1.7 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 3.5-4.5 mm long, not exceeding anthers, densely pubescent with 2-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes along 1/3 to 1/2 from the base; stigma capitate, minutely papil
<pageBreakToken pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">late</pageBreakToken>
, green in live plants. Fruit a globose berry, 6-8 mm in diameter, dull purplish-black at maturity, opaque, the surface of the pericarp matte to slightly shiny; fruiting pedicels 8-10 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm in diameter at the base, 0.7-1.0 mm in diameter at the apex, recurved to reflexed, pedicels spaced 0.5-2.5 mm apart, dropping with mature fruits; fruiting calyx somewhat accrescent, the tube less than 1 mm long, the lobes 1.0-2.2 mm long, appressed to the surface of the berry or slightly spreading in mature fruit. Seeds 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="–50(–">-50(-</normalizedToken>
60) per berry, 1.6-1.8 mm long, 1.0-1.2 mm wide, flattened and tear-drop shaped with a subapical hilum, brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Stone cells 6-9(10) per berry, ca. 0.3 mm in diameter. Chromosome number:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">2n</emphasis>
=2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
=24 (
<bibRefCitation author="Stebbins, GL" journalOrPublisher="Madrono" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="70 - 81" refId="B228" refString="Stebbins, GL, Paddock, EF, 1949. The Solanum nigrum complex in Pacific North America. Madrono 10: 70 - 81" title="The Solanum nigrum complex in Pacific North America." volume="10" year="1949">Stebbins and Paddock 1949</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/b61-092" author="Mulligan, GA" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1057 - 1066" refId="B167" refString="Mulligan, GA, 1961. Chromosome numbers of Canadian weeds III. Canadian Journal of Botany 39 (5): 1057 - 1066, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/b61-092" title="Chromosome numbers of Canadian weeds III." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/b61-092" volume="39" year="1961">Mulligan 1961</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862165" author="Soria, J" journalOrPublisher="Economic Botany" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="245 - 255" refId="B219" refString="Soria, J, Heiser, CB, 1961. A statistical study of relationships of certain species of the Solanum nigrum complex. Economic Botany 15 (3): 245 - 255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862165" title="A statistical study of relationships of certain species of the Solanum nigrum complex." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862165" volume="15" year="1961">Soria and Heiser 1961</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" author="Heiser, Jr CB" journalOrPublisher="American Naturalist" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="471 - 488" refId="B109" refString="Heiser, Jr CB, Soria, J, Burton, DL, 1965. A numerical taxonomic study of Solanum species and hybrids. American Naturalist 99 (909): 471 - 488, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" title="A numerical taxonomic study of Solanum species and hybrids." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" volume="99" year="1965">Heiser et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1983.tb00992.x" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="229 - 246" refId="B81" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1983. Seed coat structure and development in Solanum L. section Solanum (Solanaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 87 (3): 229 - 246, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1983.tb00992.x" title="Seed coat structure and development in Solanum L. section Solanum (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1983.tb00992.x" volume="87" year="1983">Edmonds 1983</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Crompton, CW" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="631 - 649" refId="B50" refString="Crompton, CW, Bassett, IJ, 1976. IOPB Chromosome number reports. LIV. Taxon 25: 631 - 649" title="IOPB Chromosome number reports. LIV." volume="25" year="1976">Crompton and Bassett 1976</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3240772" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305314" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Solanum emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Raf.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">A</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">B</emphasis>
fruiting habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
Bud
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D</emphasis>
flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E</emphasis>
dissected flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">F</emphasis>
mature fruits
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">G</emphasis>
dried berry
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">H</emphasis>
seed (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">A-H</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ruth 687</emphasis>
). Drawing by C. Banks.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3240774" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305315" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Solanum emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Raf.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">A</emphasis>
Leaves and buds
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">B</emphasis>
leaf abaxial surface and inflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
buds and flower at full anthesis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D</emphasis>
developing fruits with appressed calyx lobes (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">A, C, D</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Nee 61357</emphasis>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">B</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Nee 61306</emphasis>
). Photos by M. Nee.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution of Solanum emulans Raf." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305316" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">17</figureCitation>
)
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Solanum emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to North America and is the most common species of black nightshade in eastern North America east of the Rocky Mountains from Maine to North Carolina and into Canada. Plants collected near Vancouver (British Columbia) may have been introduced along the railways.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3240776" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305316" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figure 17.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Solanum emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Raf.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Common in disturbed habitats such as riverbanks, gardens, rocky outcrops between sea level and 1,120 m elevation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">Common</pageBreakToken>
names.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Canada. Eastern black nightshade, morelle noire de
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’est">l'est</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-055" author="Bassett, IJ" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Plant Science" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="401 - 414" refId="B14" refString="Bassett, IJ, Munro, DB, 1985. The biology of Canadian weeds 67. Solanum ptycanthum Dun., S. nigrum L. and S. sarrachoides Sendt. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65 (2): 401 - 414, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-055" title="The biology of Canadian weeds 67. Solanum ptycanthum Dun., S. nigrum L. and S. sarrachoides Sendt." url="https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-055" volume="65" year="1985">Bassett and Munro 1985</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. ptychanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="ptychanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. ptychanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<normalizedToken originalValue="crêve-chien">creve-chien</normalizedToken>
; tue-chien (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Québec">Quebec</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Marie-Victorin et al. 3942</emphasis>
). United States of America. American black nightshade (
<bibRefCitation author="USDA Plants" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" publicationUrl="http://plants.usda.gov" refId="B181" refString="USDA Plants, 2017. USDA- NCRS The PLANTS Database National Plant Data Team, Greensboro [http://plants.usda.gov" title="USDA- NCRS The PLANTS Database National Plant Data Team, Greensboro [" url="http://plants.usda.gov" year="2017">USDA Plants 2017</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. ptychanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="ptychanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. ptychanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Eastern black nightshade (
<bibRefCitation author="Ogg, Jr AG" journalOrPublisher="Weed Science" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="27 - 32" refId="B174" refString="Ogg, Jr AG, Rogers, BS, Schilling, EE, 1981. Characterization of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and related species in the United States. Weed Science 29: 27 - 32" title="Characterization of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and related species in the United States." volume="29" year="1981">Ogg et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Uva, RH" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Railway Reports" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" publicationUrl="https://plants.usda.gov/java/invasiveOne?pubID=NEAST" refId="B246" refString="Uva, RH, Neal, JC, DiTomaso, JM, 1997. Weeds of the northeast. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. [also accessible through USDA Plants https://plants.usda.gov/java/invasiveOne?pubID=NEAST" title="Weeds of the northeast. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. [also accessible through USDA Plants" url="https://plants.usda.gov/java/invasiveOne?pubID=NEAST" year="1997">Uva et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
, both as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. ptychanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="ptychanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. ptychanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The common name of &quot;West Indian nightshade&quot; recorded in
<bibRefCitation author="USDA Plants" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" publicationUrl="http://plants.usda.gov" refId="B181" refString="USDA Plants, 2017. USDA- NCRS The PLANTS Database National Plant Data Team, Greensboro [http://plants.usda.gov" title="USDA- NCRS The PLANTS Database National Plant Data Team, Greensboro [" url="http://plants.usda.gov" year="2017">USDA Plants (2017)</bibRefCitation>
for this plant certainly refers to
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="uses">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation author="Strausbaugh, PD" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="B232" refString="Strausbaugh, PD, Core, EL, 1979. Flora of West Virginia. Seneca Books Inc., Grantsville." title="Flora of West Virginia. Seneca Books Inc., Grantsville." year="1979">Strausbaugh and Core (1979</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) record the use of &quot;ripe berries cooked and eaten in pies&quot; in West Virginia. See also introductory section on Uses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="preliminary conservation status (iucn 2017)">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Preliminary conservation status (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Alaska Park Science" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B115" refString="IUCN, 2017. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Least Concern (LC).
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Solanum emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is common and weedy in the eastern United States and Canada. For EOO see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Preliminary conservation assessments for morelloid species from the Caribbean and North and Central America. For details see Materials and Methods and individual species treatments. Preliminary assessments are based on EOO only (see Materials and Methods) and have been calculated for worldwide ranges for each species. The EOO and conservation status of species known to be solely cultivated, introduced or adventive in the region has been assessed in Saerkinen et al. (2018)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C3922CEBD29B29D2373D9CB546F06573" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" tableUuid="C3922CEBD29B29D2373D9CB546F06573">6</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Solanum emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other morelloids in North America by the small anthers 1.0-1.5 mm long, relatively long filaments 0.6-1.0 mm compared to
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, calyx lobes longer than
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and these appressed in fruit rather than strongly reflexed like in
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, pedicel thickened at the apex in fruit (unlike in
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and pedicels that drop off with mature fruits (pedicels remain on the inflorescence in
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Solanum emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has always 4-9(10) stone cells in fruits, while
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
either lacks or has maximum of 4 stone cells.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Solanum emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="interius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. interius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its shorter anthers, usually shorter calyx lobes, and usually unbranched inflorescences. When sympatric with the occasionally introduced
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="nigrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. nigrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished based on anther length and the numerous stone cells in the berries, but
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also generally has thinner leaves that are often purplish tinged beneath. In the Great Plains, the morphologically similar
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="interius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. interius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becomes more common than
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while along the southern East and Gulf coasts in the United States of America
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becomes more common.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Solanum emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known from the Caribbean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Although
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to have been in cultivation in European botanical gardens since the 18th century, it has not escaped and naturalised beyond where it has
<pageBreakToken pageId="51" pageNumber="52" start="start">initially</pageBreakToken>
been introduced. The few European specimens are from areas near oil and clothing factories and have apparently not persisted (
<bibRefCitation author="Polgar, S" journalOrPublisher="Magyar Botaniki Lapok" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="15 - 23" refId="B183" refString="Polgar, S, 1926. Neue Beitraege zue Adventivflora von Gyoer (Westungarn) III. Magyar Botaniki Lapok 24: 15 - 23" title="Neue Beitraege zue Adventivflora von Gyoer (Westungarn) III." volume="24" year="1926">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Polgár">Polgar</normalizedToken>
1926
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Constantine Rafinesque cited no specific specimens in his many descriptions of new taxa, and any herbarium he kept in North America was widely dispersed after his death and is thought to have been destroyed (
<bibRefCitation author="Pennell, FW" journalOrPublisher="Bartonia" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="43 - 46" refId="B178" refString="Pennell, FW, 1944. How Durand acquired Rafinesque's herbarium. Bartonia 23: 43 - 46" title="How Durand acquired Rafinesque's herbarium." volume="23" year="1944">Pennell 1944</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Warren, L" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refId="B256" refString="Warren, L, 2004. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque: a voice in the American wilderness. The University of Kentucky Press, Lexington." title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque: a voice in the American wilderness. The University of Kentucky Press, Lexington." year="2004">Warren 2004</bibRefCitation>
). A specimen in the Vienna herbarium (W acc. #0009388) corresponding to the description of
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and labelled &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
Virginicum/Amer. Bor. Rafinesque&quot; and the date 1828 may be original material for this name. We have here selected this as a neotype, since there is no evidence in the protologue that this (or any other) specimen was used by Rafinesque to describe
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
The name
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. ptychanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="ptychanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. ptychanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been used for this species in North America (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2418547" author="Schilling, EE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="172 - 185" refId="B207" refString="Schilling, EE, 1981. Systematics of Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae) in North America. Systematic Botany 6 (2): 172 - 185, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2418547" title="Systematics of Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae) in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2418547" volume="6" year="1981">Schilling 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1993.tb00097.x" author="Voss, KA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Food Safety" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="91 - 97" refId="B253" refString="Voss, KA, Chamberlain, WJ, Brennecke, LH, 1993. Subchronic toxicity study of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptychanthum) berries in Sprague-Dawley rats. Journal of Food Safety 13 (2): 91 - 97, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1993.tb00097.x" title="Subchronic toxicity study of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptychanthum) berries in Sprague-Dawley rats." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1993.tb00097.x" volume="13" year="1993">Voss et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Jones, RL" journalOrPublisher="Alaska Park Science" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="B117" refString="Jones, RL, 2005. Plant life of Kentucky: an illustrated guide to the vascular flora. The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington." title="Plant life of Kentucky: an illustrated guide to the vascular flora. The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington." year="2005">Jones 2005</bibRefCitation>
), but the type of that name corresponds to a plant of
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
description).
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Solanum emulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was long ignored, but in the protologue Rafinesque clearly refers to a taxon from &quot;New England and Kentucky&quot; that people were calling &quot;
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. virginicum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="virginicum">S. virginicum</taxonomicName>
&quot; - probably the Linnaean
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrum var. virginicum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="virginicum">S. nigrum var. virginicum</taxonomicName>
, not
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. virginicum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="virginicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. virginicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (an illegitimate name and orthographic variant of the spiny solanum from India
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="virginianum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. virginianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., see
<bibRefCitation author="Jarvis, CE" journalOrPublisher="Alaska Park Science" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="B116" refString="Jarvis, CE, 2007. Order Out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and Their Types. Linnean Society of London, London." title="Order Out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and Their Types. Linnean Society of London, London." year="2007">Jarvis 2007</bibRefCitation>
) - and his description matches this widespread small-flowered morelloid from eastern North America. The protologue states &quot;NE states, usually mistaken for S. Virg.[
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="virginianum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="virginianum">virginianum</taxonomicName>
] but smooth smaller, fl. white small, berries pisiform&quot;. Specimens corresponding to this taxon are in the Dillenian herbarium in OXF under the polynomial (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrum">Solanum nigrum</taxonomicName>
vulgari simile, caulibus exasperatis
</emphasis>
Dill. elth. 368, t. 275, f. 256) and correspond to the plate that was the only element cited for
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. virginicum" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="virginicum">Solanum nigrum var. virginicum</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B146" refString="Linnaeus, C, 1753. Species plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm." title="Species plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm." year="1753">Linnaeus 1753</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="573 - 780" refId="B54" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1974a. [1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573 - 780, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" title="[1973]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2395139" volume="60" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
(1974a)
</bibRefCitation>
cited &quot;Hungary,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Polgar s.n.</emphasis>
(MPU)&quot; as the type of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum adventitium" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adventitium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Solanum adventitium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but without specifying a locality or number. We do not consider this specific enough to constitute the citation of a single unambiguous specimen and it is likely to be in conflict with the protologue; we therefore lectotypify
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. adventitium" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="adventitium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. adventitium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
here. In the protologue of
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. adventitium" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="adventitium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. adventitium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Polgar, S" journalOrPublisher="Magyar Botaniki Lapok" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="15 - 23" refId="B183" refString="Polgar, S, 1926. Neue Beitraege zue Adventivflora von Gyoer (Westungarn) III. Magyar Botaniki Lapok 24: 15 - 23" title="Neue Beitraege zue Adventivflora von Gyoer (Westungarn) III." volume="24" year="1926">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Polgár">Polgar</normalizedToken>
(1926)
</bibRefCitation>
cited several of his own collections made at
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Meller’schen">&quot;Meller'schen</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ölfabrik”">Oelfabrik&quot;</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Güterbahnhof”">&quot;Gueterbahnhof&quot;</normalizedToken>
(both in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Györ">Gyoer</normalizedToken>
, Hungary) between 1915 and 1919, but cited neither numbers nor herbaria. He noted that the plants had disappeared from both localities by October 1919, but again cited no herbarium. His herbarium is kept at BP, and we have selected one of his many collections labelled as
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. adventitium" order="Solanales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="adventitium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. adventitium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that herbarium collected between 1916 and 1919 from the freight depot in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Györ">Gyoer</normalizedToken>
as the lectotype (BP-352743).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="51" pageNumber="52">See Suppl. materials 1 and 3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

52
data/C6/03/C9/C603C90266569C020BA7AC29518586EA.xml Normal file
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3914954" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164812337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3914954" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:42318830-4F6C-4D7B-B0CD-FC1314A33EF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C603C90266569C020BA7AC29518586EA" lastPageNumber="571" pageNumber="571" sourcePageUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727482">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:42318830-4F6C-4D7B-B0CD-FC1314A33EF1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenaria" status="spec. nov." zbkClass="Insecta" zbkKingdom="Animalia" zbkOrder="Hymenoptera">Sphex arenaria</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageNumber="571">
S. abdominis fasciis quatuor flavis: primo segmento duobus punctis flavis.
<emphasis italics="true">Fn. svec.</emphasis>
994.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="571">
<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
arena
<emphasis italics="true">ad templum accessorium Fahlunense.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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