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<mods:title id="60B5BCF33EAE18E3CC271AB29A2433FA">Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp., a new Dichobunidae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) from the middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B7A2F10FDA34A8EE4E8536970FCEB03">Ducrocq, Stéphane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C1B9E325AB052A185F5E6FF8FCAD42A">UMR CNRS 7262 Laboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM), Université de Poitiers, UFR SFA, Bât. B 35, 6 rue M. Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France) stephane. ducrocq @ univ-poitiers. fr (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C31ECD8BD8FD96890EA59ACF771795C7">Soe, Aung Naing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B45C9EEE9215902345E0FFF3ABD631B3">University of Distance Education, Ministry of Education, 80 th Street, Between 34 th & 35 th Street, Chan Aye Tharzan Township, Mandalay (Myanmar) ansoemyanmar @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="80C520A6410E57644DB879257F7EB730">Sein, Chit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B0F16EEF0B4EBABE40A859E76AC359ED">Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Naypyitaw 15011 (Myanmar) chitsein @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="343F62D7DD1C383D76B7AFEC9D1A596D">Chaimanee, Yaowalak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="08995FB0830879B9D7996250F50635E9">Chavasseau, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="59C9DAB2FE8DF4BAEAAF012A45AE63C1">Jaeger, Jean-Jacques</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53CF32C1DF50DF1AD30C1225FF0AF835">UMR CNRS 7262 Laboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM), Université de Poitiers, UFR SFA, Bât. B 35, 6 rue M. Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France) yao. chaimanee @ univ-poitiers. fr olivier. chavasseau @ univ-poitiers. fr jean-jacques. jaeger @ univ-poitiers. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BF958CF5202297450EBBBAD1ECB0DBFB" type="email">yao.chaimanee@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B04A9A999C6B58E601C57EF7188F37BB">Comptes Rendus Palevol</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7BBA09BE813E68819D866DB67B6D6A65">2022</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E22FFC8FC3EF8ECB88AF807" authority="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger, 2022" authorityName="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger" authorityYear="2022" box="[910,1204,1905,1932]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Neochorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myaingensis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
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<emphasis id="E096551A6E22FFC8FC3EF8ECB88AF807" bold="true" box="[910,1204,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Neochorlakkia myaingensis</emphasis>
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n. gen., n. sp.
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(
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<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E22FFC8FB8AF80CB849F827" box="[1082,1143,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,225,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[698,1267,773,1334]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. from the late middle Eocene of Paukkaung Kyitchaung 2, Myanmar: A-C, holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 in occlusal (A), lingual (B), and buccal (C) views; D, NMMP-KU 2000,right m3 in occlusal view. E-F, Interpretative drawings of: E, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. (MFP-PK2-2019-003); and F, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979 (GSP-UM 77082, inverted). E and F at same scale. Scale bar: 5 mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A-E)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D25D89086E25FFCFFF34FF45BD51FEA8" blockId="4.[132,775,215,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
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<materialsCitation id="628A83556E25FFCFFF34FF45BD51FEA8" country="Myanmar" county="Nay Pyi Taw" location="Pondaung Collections" municipality="Ministry of Culture" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" specimenCode="MFP-PK2-2019-003" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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. —
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<specimenCode id="824421736E25FFCFFEABFF45BDD2FF7C" box="[283,492,216,240]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">MFP-PK2-2019-003</specimenCode>
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, isolated right m3, deposited in the Pondaung Collections at the Myanmar Ministry of Culture, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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. — Genus name derives from the Greek prefix neo, meaning more recent, and
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<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFECBFECBBDABFE05" authority="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger 1979" authorityName="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger" authorityYear="1979" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFECBFECBBDDCFEE2" box="[379,482,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Chorlakkia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E25FFCFFE58FECBBDABFE05" author="GINGERICH P. D. & RUSSELL D. E. & SIGOGNEAU-RUSSELL D. & HARTENBERGER J. - L." pageId="4" pageNumber="117" pagination="117 - 124" refId="ref5112" refString="GINGERICH P. D., RUSSELL D. E., SIGOGNEAU-RUSSELL D. & HARTENBERGER J. - L. 1979. - Chorlakkia hassani, a new middle Eocene dichobunid (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology 25 (6): 117 - 124. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2027.42 / 48496" type="journal article" year="1979">
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Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger
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</bibRefCitation>
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|
||||
in reference of the strong morphological similarity of the lower molar from Pondaung with those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFD02FE16BC89FE54" authority="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979" authorityName="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger" authorityYear="1979" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hassani">
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<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFD02FE16BCD2FE32" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Chorlakkia hassani</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E25FFCFFF41FE3BBC89FE54" author="GINGERICH P. D. & RUSSELL D. E. & SIGOGNEAU-RUSSELL D. & HARTENBERGER J. - L." pageId="4" pageNumber="117" pagination="117 - 124" refId="ref5112" refString="GINGERICH P. D., RUSSELL D. E., SIGOGNEAU-RUSSELL D. & HARTENBERGER J. - L. 1979. - Chorlakkia hassani, a new middle Eocene dichobunid (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology 25 (6): 117 - 124. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2027.42 / 48496" type="journal article" year="1979">Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
from the early middle Eocene of
|
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<collectingCountry id="AAF5C9986E25FFCFFE42FE5DBE79FE54" box="[498,583,448,472]" name="Pakistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Species name refers to the Myaing township where the specimens were found.
|
||||
</paragraph>
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. —
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<materialsCitation id="628A83556E25FFCFFEC3FD96BE71FDB1" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" specimenCode="NMMP-KU 2000" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="824421736E25FFCFFEC3FD96BE19FDAF" box="[371,551,523,547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">NMMP-KU 2000</specimenCode>
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E25FFCFFD83FD97BE40FDAF" box="[563,638,522,547]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,225,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[698,1267,773,1334]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. from the late middle Eocene of Paukkaung Kyitchaung 2, Myanmar: A-C, holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 in occlusal (A), lingual (B), and buccal (C) views; D, NMMP-KU 2000,right m3 in occlusal view. E-F, Interpretative drawings of: E, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. (MFP-PK2-2019-003); and F, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979 (GSP-UM 77082, inverted). E and F at same scale. Scale bar: 5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), fragmentary right m3 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E25FFCFFF59FDB8BDFBFDB1" author="TSUBAMOTO T. & EGI N. & TAKAI M. & HTIKE T." box="[233,453,549,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" pagination="297 - 311" refId="ref5720" refString="TSUBAMOTO T., EGI N., TAKAI M., HTIKE T. & ZIN-MAUNG MAUNG-THEIN 2013. - A new genus and species of bunodont artiodactyl from the Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar. Paleontological Research 17: 297 - 311. https: // doi. org / 10.2517 / 1342 - 8144 - 17.4. 297" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Tsubamoto
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFEEEFDBBBDB2FDB1" box="[350,396,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figs 2C, 5A).
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9AF8DA836E25FFCFFF34FDC8BF3BFD0A" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E25FFCFFF34FDC8BF3BFD0A" blockId="4.[132,777,596,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="D4BB1FD46E25FFCFFF34FDC8BCD8FDE7" baselines="614,615" box="[132,230,597,620]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Locality" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="D4BB1FD46E25FFCFFF5EFDC7BD26FDE7" baselines="615" box="[238,280,602,619]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="D4BB1FD46E25FFCFFE91FDC7BD41FDE7" baselines="615" box="[289,383,602,619]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="horizon" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">HORIZON</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. — Paukkaung Kyitchaung 2 locality, Bahin area, Pondaung Formation,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AAF5C9986E25FFCFFE67FDF2BE07FD0B" box="[471,569,623,647]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; late middle Eocene.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9AF8DA836E25FFCFFF34FD02BF38FC28" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E25FFCFFF34FD02BF38FC28" blockId="4.[130,778,671,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="D4BB1FD46E25FFCFFF34FD02BCCDFD39" baselines="688,689" box="[132,243,671,694]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. — Middle-sized ungulate characterized by its very bunodont and short m3, lacking a paraconid and most of cristids. Differs from most of the primitive artiodactyls (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFDDDFD4EBF3DFD67" box="[621,771,723,747]" class="Mammalia" family="Diacodexeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Diacodexeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFF36FD73BD15FC8A" box="[134,299,750,774]" class="Mammalia" family="Homacodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Homacodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, European
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFE20FD73BE26FC8A" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1849" box="[400,536,750,774]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dichobunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFDAFFD73BEBEFC8A" authorityName=", Orliac & Ducrocq" authorityYear="2012" box="[543,640,750,774]" class="Mammalia" family="Raoellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Raoellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) by its strongly bunodont m3 with poorly expressed crests, with a short trigonid lacking a paraconid, absence of a hypolophid, with a mesiodistal cristid obliqua and a reduced hypoconulid lobe. Differs from the Asian dichobunid
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFE87FCC5BD9EFCFC" authorityName="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger" authorityYear="1979" box="[311,416,856,880]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFE87FCC5BD9EFCFC" box="[311,416,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Chorlakkia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its larger size, its hypoconid taller than the entoconid and hypoconulid, its entoconid in line with the hypoconid and by its hypoconulid lobe consisting in two small cusps.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="869DD9806E25FFCFFC89FCCBB99BFCEB" box="[825,1445,854,871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" startId="4.[825,836,854,871]" targetBox="[813,1455,215,812]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E25FFCFFC89FCCBB99BFCEB" blockId="4.[825,1445,854,871]" box="[825,1445,854,871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="D4BB1FD46E25FFCFFC89FCCBBF6FFCEB" baselines="867,868" box="[825,849,854,871]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 1. — Location map of the Pondaung area.
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFB13FCCBB890FCEB" bold="true" box="[1187,1198,854,871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">F</emphasis>
|
||||
indicates Paukkaung2 locality.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9AF8DA836E25FFCFFF34FC48BE00F860" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E25FFCFFF34FC48BD2BFC61" blockId="4.[130,777,981,2028]" box="[132,277,981,1007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="D4BB1FD46E25FFCFFF34FC48BD2BFC61" baselines="1000,1000" box="[132,277,981,1007]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E25FFCFFF34FC69BE00F860" blockId="4.[130,777,981,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
The tooth (MFP-PK2-2019-003) is a right m3 (L =
|
||||
<quantity id="151A24ED6E25FFCFFD2FFC68BF3CFB83" box="[671,770,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="14.8">14.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; W =
|
||||
<quantity id="151A24ED6E25FFCFFF0DFB89BD29FBA3" box="[189,279,1044,1071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) without any contact facet on its distal wall. The lingual and buccal roots are fused and there is a fifth tiny root under the most posterior cusp that runs along the distal roots. The molar is bunodont with four main cusps and weakly expressed crests. The trigonid is somewhat taller than the talonid. The preprotocristid and premetacristid form a low and continuous blunt crest that mesially closes the trigonid. There is no other crest in the trigonid part and only a slight furrow separates both bulbous mesial cusps. The distal wall of the trigonid is flat and mesially slanted. The lingual part of the talonid basin seems to be lined by a very slight and low postmetacristid that connects with the preentocristid, and its buccal part is edged by the mesially directed cristid obliqua (prehypocristid) that ends low on the distal wall of the protoconid. It is not possible to distinguish whether the lingual end of the transverse valley was open because this area is cracked, but the occurrence of a low postmetacristid and preentocristid suggests that they likely constitute a weak lingual edge. There is no distinct crest (hypolophid) connecting the hypoconid and the smaller and lower entoconid, but a narrow mesiodistally oriented groove separates both cusps and curves buccally between the hypoconulid and the hypoconid. The short and slightly distally protruding hypoconulid lobe is composed of two small cusps separated by a very slight furrow, and a shallow slit can be observed between the mesial hypoconulid cusp and the entoconid, suggesting that both cusps might have been twinned. The hypoconulid is not connected to the hypoconid. A narrow cingulid is present along the mesial face of the molar and a short one can be observed at the buccal end of the transverse valley between the protoconid and the hypoconid (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E25FFCFFE14F84CBDDCF867" box="[420,482,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,225,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[698,1267,773,1334]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. from the late middle Eocene of Paukkaung Kyitchaung 2, Myanmar: A-C, holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 in occlusal (A), lingual (B), and buccal (C) views; D, NMMP-KU 2000,right m3 in occlusal view. E-F, Interpretative drawings of: E, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. (MFP-PK2-2019-003); and F, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979 (GSP-UM 77082, inverted). E and F at same scale. Scale bar: 5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
A-C, E).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9AF8DA836E25FFCCFC9DFC08BE19F921" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E25FFCFFC9DFC08BFF9FC21" blockId="4.[811,1457,917,2028]" box="[813,967,917,943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="D4BB1FD46E25FFCFFC9DFC08BFF9FC21" baselines="936,936" box="[813,967,917,943]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Comparisons" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">COMPARISONS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E25FFCFFC9DFC28B991F860" blockId="4.[811,1457,917,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
Among basal cetartiodactyls, the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFB25FC28B90AFC43" box="[1173,1332,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Diacodexeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Diacodexeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFC5BFC49B8BDFC62" authority="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger, 2022" authorityName="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger" authorityYear="2022" box="[1003,1155,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Neochorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFC5BFC49B8BDFC62" box="[1003,1155,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Neochorlakkia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBA5E8616E25FFCFFB3AFC48B8E7FC63" box="[1162,1241,981,1007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
by their much less bunodont lower molars with better expressed crests that often exhibit a paraconid, a talonid basin usually lingually open with a more oblique cristid obliqua, a m3 hypoconulid better developed and connected to the hypoconid and the entoconid. The Asian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFB9DFBE9B8CCFB02" box="[1069,1266,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Homacodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Homacodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFB4CFBE8B802FB23" authority="Metais, Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005" authorityName="Metais, Qi, Guo & Beard" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Limeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFB4CFBE8B96BFB02" box="[1276,1365,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Limeryx</emphasis>
|
||||
Métais, Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFBFAFB09B977FB42" authority="Tsubamoto, Tun, Egi, Takai, Shigehara, Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003" authorityName="Tsubamoto, Tun, Egi, Takai, Shigehara, Soe, Aung & Thein" authorityYear="2003" class="Mammalia" family="Homacodontidae" genus="Asiohomacodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFBFAFB09B8D2FB22" box="[1098,1260,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Asiohomacodon</emphasis>
|
||||
Tsubamoto, Tun, Egi, Takai, Shigehara, Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFA34FB28B925FB62" authority="Kondrashov, Lopatin & Lucas, 2004" authorityName="Kondrashov, Lopatin & Lucas" authorityYear="2004" class="Mammalia" family="Homacodontidae" genus="Tsaganohyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFA34FB28BFB5FB62" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Tsaganohyus</emphasis>
|
||||
Kondrashov, Lopatin & Lucas, 2004
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are also more selenodont with a paraconid (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFBC9FB69B8F1FA81" authorityName="Metais, Qi, Guo & Beard" authorityYear="2005" box="[1145,1231,1268,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Limeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFBC9FB69B8F1FA81" box="[1145,1231,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Limeryx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFABBFB6EB9B5FA81" authorityName="Kondrashov, Lopatin & Lucas" authorityYear="2004" box="[1291,1419,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Homacodontidae" genus="Tsaganohyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFABBFB6EB9B5FA81" box="[1291,1419,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Tsaganohyus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), a hypolophid and a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFC41FA8EB84CFAA1" authorityName="Guo, Dawson & Beard" authorityYear="2000" box="[1009,1138,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophiomerycidae" genus="Zhailimeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFC41FA8EB84CFAA1" box="[1009,1138,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Zhailimeryx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
fold on the mesial face of the entoconid (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFC1CFAA9B83CFAC1" authorityName="Metais, Qi, Guo & Beard" authorityYear="2005" box="[940,1026,1332,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Limeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFC1CFAA9B83CFAC1" box="[940,1026,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Limeryx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E25FFCFFB8AFAAEB8D9FAC1" author="GUO J. & DAWSON M. R. & BEARD K. C." box="[1082,1255,1331,1357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" pagination="239 - 258" refId="ref5187" refString="GUO J., DAWSON M. R. & BEARD K. C. 2000. - Zhailimeryx, a new lophiomerycid artiodactyl (Mammalia) from the late middle Eocene of Central China and the early evolution of ruminants. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7: 239 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1009433715125" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||||
Guo
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFBC2FAA9B899FAC1" box="[1138,1191,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2000
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and their cristid obliqua is more obliquely oriented (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E25FFCFFB05FACEB910FAE2" box="[1205,1326,1363,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1849,1866]" captionTargetBox="[258,1376,180,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-252@6.[793,1331,774,1336]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Interpretative drawings of the lower molars of the main dichobunoid taxa compared with Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp.: A, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp., holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 (L = 14.8 mm; W = 9.2 mm); B, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger,1979,GSP-UM 77082,left m3 inverted (L = 4.1-4.5; W = 2.8); C, Limeryx chimaera Métais,Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005, IVPP 34567.2,right m2 (L = 7.5; W = 5.4); D, Asiohomacodon myanmarensis Tsubamoto,Tun,Egi, Takai,Shigehara,Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003, NMMP-KU 0028, right m3 (L = 10.7; W = 5.6-6.0); E, Elaschitotherium qii Métais,Guo & Beard,2004,IVPP 12759.44, left m3 inverted (L = 3.8-4.4; W = 2.2-2.6); F,?Eolantianus russelli Averianov,1996,ZIN 34355, right m2 (L = 4.1; W = 2.5-2.8); G, Haqueina haquei Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958, holotype Sammlung München 1956 II 10, left m3 inverted (L = 10.8; W = 6.0); H, Pakibune chorlakkiensis Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987, holotype GSP-UM 259, right m3 (L = 5.8; W = 3.1); I, Khirtharia dayi Pilgrim, 1940, GSP-UM 87, right m3 (L = 9.6; W = 6.0). The molars are not at the same scale." pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The Asian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFC9DFAEEBFF7FA01" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1849" box="[813,969,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dichobunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are mostly represented by fragmentary material that complicates their precise systematic affinities. For example, the Lantianiinae for which lower molars are known (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFC86FA4EB910FA61" authority="Metais, Guo & Beard, 2004" authorityName="Metais, Guo & Beard" authorityYear="2004" box="[822,1326,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Elaschitotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFC86FA4EBFD6FA61" box="[822,1000,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Elaschitotherium</emphasis>
|
||||
Métais, Guo & Beard, 2004
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFADBFA4EB821F982" authority="Averianov, 1996" authorityName="Averianov" authorityYear="1996" class="Mammalia" genus="Eolantianus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFADBFA4EBF52F980" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Eolantianus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E25FFCFFCC1FA6EB821F982" author="AVERIANOV A." box="[881,1055,1523,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" pagination="359 - 369" refId="ref4757" refString="AVERIANOV A. 1996. - Artiodactyla from the early Eocene of Kyrgyzstan. Palaeovertebrata 25 (2 - 4): 359 - 369. https: // palaeovertebrata. com / Articles / view / 212" type="journal article" year="1996">Averianov, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) display less bunodont crowns, with a more obliquely oriented cristid obliqua, a distinct paraconid (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFC86F9AFBFDAF9C0" authorityName="Metais, Guo & Beard" authorityYear="2004" box="[822,996,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Elaschitotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFC86F9AFBFDAF9C0" box="[822,996,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Elaschitotherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), a hypolophid and a stronger hypoconulid lobe (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E25FFCFFCDBF9CFBFE2F9E1" box="[875,988,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1849,1866]" captionTargetBox="[258,1376,180,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-252@6.[793,1331,774,1336]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Interpretative drawings of the lower molars of the main dichobunoid taxa compared with Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp.: A, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp., holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 (L = 14.8 mm; W = 9.2 mm); B, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger,1979,GSP-UM 77082,left m3 inverted (L = 4.1-4.5; W = 2.8); C, Limeryx chimaera Métais,Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005, IVPP 34567.2,right m2 (L = 7.5; W = 5.4); D, Asiohomacodon myanmarensis Tsubamoto,Tun,Egi, Takai,Shigehara,Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003, NMMP-KU 0028, right m3 (L = 10.7; W = 5.6-6.0); E, Elaschitotherium qii Métais,Guo & Beard,2004,IVPP 12759.44, left m3 inverted (L = 3.8-4.4; W = 2.2-2.6); F,?Eolantianus russelli Averianov,1996,ZIN 34355, right m2 (L = 4.1; W = 2.5-2.8); G, Haqueina haquei Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958, holotype Sammlung München 1956 II 10, left m3 inverted (L = 10.8; W = 6.0); H, Pakibune chorlakkiensis Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987, holotype GSP-UM 259, right m3 (L = 5.8; W = 3.1); I, Khirtharia dayi Pilgrim, 1940, GSP-UM 87, right m3 (L = 9.6; W = 6.0). The molars are not at the same scale." pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 3E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFC5FF9CEBF5BF901" authority="Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958" authorityName="Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg" authorityYear="1958" class="Mammalia" family="Raoellidae" genus="Haqueina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFC5FF9CEB866F9E0" box="[1007,1112,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Haqueina</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E25FFCFFBEFF9CFBF5BF901" author="DEHM R. & OETTINGEN-SPIELBERG T." pageId="4" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref4795" refString="DEHM R. & OETTINGEN-SPIELBERG T. 1958. - Palaontologische und geologische Untersuchungen im Tertiar von Pakistan. 2. Die mitteleozanen Saugetiere von Ganda Kas bei Basal, Nordwest-Pakistan. Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften 91: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1958">Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the middle Eocene of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AAF5C9986E25FFCFFB24F9EFB8D1F900" box="[1172,1263,1650,1676]" name="Pakistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
is slightly smaller than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFCD4F90FBFC5F920" authority="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger, 2022" authorityName="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger" authorityYear="2022" box="[868,1019,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Neochorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFCD4F90FBFC5F920" box="[868,1019,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Neochorlakkia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBA5E8616E25FFCFFBB1F90EB870F921" box="[1025,1102,1683,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, but it is also less bunodont with better expressed crests (postcristids on mesial cusps), more oblique cristid obliqua, with a discrete hypolophid connecting the hypoconid and the entoconid, and a narrower and more distally protruding hypoconulid (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E25FFCFFB3FF88FB8DDF8A0" box="[1167,1251,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1849,1866]" captionTargetBox="[258,1376,180,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-252@6.[793,1331,774,1336]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Interpretative drawings of the lower molars of the main dichobunoid taxa compared with Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp.: A, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp., holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 (L = 14.8 mm; W = 9.2 mm); B, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger,1979,GSP-UM 77082,left m3 inverted (L = 4.1-4.5; W = 2.8); C, Limeryx chimaera Métais,Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005, IVPP 34567.2,right m2 (L = 7.5; W = 5.4); D, Asiohomacodon myanmarensis Tsubamoto,Tun,Egi, Takai,Shigehara,Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003, NMMP-KU 0028, right m3 (L = 10.7; W = 5.6-6.0); E, Elaschitotherium qii Métais,Guo & Beard,2004,IVPP 12759.44, left m3 inverted (L = 3.8-4.4; W = 2.2-2.6); F,?Eolantianus russelli Averianov,1996,ZIN 34355, right m2 (L = 4.1; W = 2.5-2.8); G, Haqueina haquei Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958, holotype Sammlung München 1956 II 10, left m3 inverted (L = 10.8; W = 6.0); H, Pakibune chorlakkiensis Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987, holotype GSP-UM 259, right m3 (L = 5.8; W = 3.1); I, Khirtharia dayi Pilgrim, 1940, GSP-UM 87, right m3 (L = 9.6; W = 6.0). The molars are not at the same scale." pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E25FFCFFB45F88FB84DF8C0" authority="Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987" authorityName="Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell" authorityYear="1987" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Pakibune" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E25FFCFFB45F88FB968F8A0" box="[1269,1366,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Pakibune</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E25FFCFFAEBF88FB84DF8C0" author="THEWISSEN J. G. M. & GINGERICH P. D. & RUSSELL D. E." pageId="4" pageNumber="117" pagination="247 - 274" refId="ref5532" refString="THEWISSEN J. G. M., GINGERICH P. D. & RUSSELL D. E. 1987. - Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla (Mammalia) from the early-middle Eocene Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology 27 (10): 247 - 274. https: // hdl. handle. net / 2027.42 / 48532" type="journal article" year="1987">Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the early-middle Eocene of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AAF5C9986E25FFCFFCF7F8CCBF9CF8E7" box="[839,930,1873,1899]" name="Pakistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
is known only from an isolated m3 that is much smaller and more elongated than the Pondaung molar, with less bunodont cusps, a paraconid, a more oblique cristid obliqua, an entoconid distinctly more distal than the hypoconid, and better developed hypoconulid and buccal cingulid (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E25FFCFFAFDF84CB99CF860" box="[1357,1442,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1849,1866]" captionTargetBox="[258,1376,180,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-252@6.[793,1331,774,1336]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Interpretative drawings of the lower molars of the main dichobunoid taxa compared with Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp.: A, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp., holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 (L = 14.8 mm; W = 9.2 mm); B, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger,1979,GSP-UM 77082,left m3 inverted (L = 4.1-4.5; W = 2.8); C, Limeryx chimaera Métais,Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005, IVPP 34567.2,right m2 (L = 7.5; W = 5.4); D, Asiohomacodon myanmarensis Tsubamoto,Tun,Egi, Takai,Shigehara,Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003, NMMP-KU 0028, right m3 (L = 10.7; W = 5.6-6.0); E, Elaschitotherium qii Métais,Guo & Beard,2004,IVPP 12759.44, left m3 inverted (L = 3.8-4.4; W = 2.2-2.6); F,?Eolantianus russelli Averianov,1996,ZIN 34355, right m2 (L = 4.1; W = 2.5-2.8); G, Haqueina haquei Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958, holotype Sammlung München 1956 II 10, left m3 inverted (L = 10.8; W = 6.0); H, Pakibune chorlakkiensis Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987, holotype GSP-UM 259, right m3 (L = 5.8; W = 3.1); I, Khirtharia dayi Pilgrim, 1940, GSP-UM 87, right m3 (L = 9.6; W = 6.0). The molars are not at the same scale." pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="869DD9806E24FFCEFF34F809BD9FF865" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" startId="5.[132,143,1940,1957]" targetBox="[165,1446,225,1790]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E24FFCEFF34F809BD9FF865" blockId="5.[132,1455,1940,2025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="D4BB1FD46E24FFCEFF34F809BCA3F828" baselines="1953,1953" box="[132,157,1940,1957]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 2. —
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E24FFCEFF63F809BD8DF829" authority="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger, 2022" authorityName="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger" authorityYear="2022" box="[211,435,1940,1957]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Neochorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myaingensis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFF63F809BD8DF829" box="[211,435,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Neochorlakkia myaingensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBA5E8616E24FFCEFE08F809BE14F829" box="[440,554,1940,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
from the late middle Eocene of Paukkaung Kyitchaung 2, Myanmar:
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFBEFF809B8BFF829" bold="true" box="[1119,1153,1940,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">A -C</emphasis>
|
||||
, holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 in occlusal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFEB4F837BD2FF837" bold="true" box="[260,273,1962,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), lingual (
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFEEFF837BD52F837" bold="true" box="[351,364,1962,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), and buccal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFE50F837BDD0F837" bold="true" box="[480,494,1962,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">C</emphasis>
|
||||
) views;
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFD85F837BE7DF837" bold="true" box="[565,579,1962,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">D</emphasis>
|
||||
, NMMP-KU 2000,right m3 in occlusal view.
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFC04F837BFECF837" bold="true" box="[948,978,1962,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">E -F</emphasis>
|
||||
, Interpretative drawings of:
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFB09F837B8FBF837" bold="true" box="[1209,1221,1962,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">E</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E24FFCEFB7FF837B991F837" authority="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger, 2022" authorityName="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger" authorityYear="2022" box="[1231,1455,1962,1979]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Neochorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myaingensis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFB7FF837B991F837" box="[1231,1455,1962,1979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Neochorlakkia myaingensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBA5E8616E24FFCEFF34F85CBCC4F85E" box="[132,250,1985,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(MFP-PK2-2019-003); and
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFE51F85CBDD2F85E" bold="true" box="[481,492,1985,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">F</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E24FFCEFE47F85CB8AFF85E" authority="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979" authorityName="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger" authorityYear="1979" box="[503,1169,1985,2002]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hassani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E24FFCEFE47F85CBEAFF85E" box="[503,657,1985,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Chorlakkia hassani</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E24FFCEFD27F85CB8AFF85E" author="GINGERICH P. D. & RUSSELL D. E. & SIGOGNEAU-RUSSELL D. & HARTENBERGER J. - L." box="[663,1169,1985,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" pagination="117 - 124" refId="ref5112" refString="GINGERICH P. D., RUSSELL D. E., SIGOGNEAU-RUSSELL D. & HARTENBERGER J. - L. 1979. - Chorlakkia hassani, a new middle Eocene dichobunid (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology 25 (6): 117 - 124. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2027.42 / 48496" type="journal article" year="1979">Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(GSP-UM 77082, inverted). E and F at same scale. Scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="869DD9806E27FFCDFF34F8A4BF2CF865" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" startId="6.[132,143,1849,1866]" targetBox="[258,1376,180,1833]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E27FFCDFF34F8A4BF2CF865" blockId="6.[132,1457,1849,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="D4BB1FD46E27FFCDFF34F8A4BCA3F8C5" baselines="1862,1862" box="[132,157,1849,1866]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 3. — Interpretative drawings of the lower molars of the main dichobunoid taxa compared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E27FFCDFC0EF8A4B8A1F8C6" authority="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger, 2022" authorityName="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger" authorityYear="2022" box="[958,1183,1849,1866]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Neochorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myaingensis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFC0EF8A4B8A1F8C6" box="[958,1183,1849,1866]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Neochorlakkia myaingensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBA5E8616E27FFCDFB15F8A4B922F8C6" box="[1189,1308,1849,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFA92F8A4B911F8C6" bold="true" box="[1314,1327,1849,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">A</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E27FFCDFA8AF8A4BCD4F8ED" authority="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger, 2022" authorityName="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Neochorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myaingensis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFA8AF8A4BCD4F8ED" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Neochorlakkia myaingensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBA5E8616E27FFCDFF40F8CDBD58F8ED" box="[240,358,1872,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 (L = 14.8 mm; W = 9.2 mm);
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFC18F8CDBF8BF8ED" bold="true" box="[936,949,1872,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">B</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E27FFCDFC70F8CDBD16F8FB" authority="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979" authorityName="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger" authorityYear="1979" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hassani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFC70F8CDB864F8ED" box="[960,1114,1872,1889]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Chorlakkia hassani</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E27FFCDFBD0F8CDBD16F8FB" author="GINGERICH P. D. & RUSSELL D. E. & SIGOGNEAU-RUSSELL D. & HARTENBERGER J. - L." pageId="6" pageNumber="119" pagination="117 - 124" refId="ref5112" refString="GINGERICH P. D., RUSSELL D. E., SIGOGNEAU-RUSSELL D. & HARTENBERGER J. - L. 1979. - Chorlakkia hassani, a new middle Eocene dichobunid (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology 25 (6): 117 - 124. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2027.42 / 48496" type="journal article" year="1979">Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger,1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,GSP-UM 77082,left m3 inverted (L = 4.1-4.5; W = 2.8);
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFD4AF8FBBF36F8FB" bold="true" box="[762,776,1894,1911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E27FFCDFCA2F8FBB89BF8FB" authority="Metais, Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005" authorityName="Metais, Qi, Guo & Beard" authorityYear="2005" box="[786,1189,1894,1911]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Limeryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chimaera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFCA2F8FBBF9DF8FB" box="[786,931,1894,1911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Limeryx chimaera</emphasis>
|
||||
Métais,Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, IVPP 34567.2,right m2 (L = 7.5; W = 5.4);
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFF66F8E0BCDAF802" bold="true" box="[214,228,1917,1934]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">D</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E27FFCDFF5EF8E0B830F802" authority="Tsubamoto, Tun, Egi, Takai, Shigehara, Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003" authorityName="Tsubamoto, Tun, Egi, Takai, Shigehara, Soe, Aung & Thein" authorityYear="2003" box="[238,1038,1917,1934]" class="Mammalia" family="Homacodontidae" genus="Asiohomacodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myanmarensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFF5EF8E0BDCFF802" box="[238,497,1917,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Asiohomacodon myanmarensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Tsubamoto,Tun,Egi, Takai,Shigehara,Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, NMMP-KU 0028, right m3 (L = 10.7; W = 5.6-6.0);
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFF34F809BCAEF829" bold="true" box="[132,144,1940,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">E</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E27FFCDFF2AF809BE1EF829" authority="Metais, Guo & Beard, 2004" authorityName="Metais, Guo & Beard" authorityYear="2004" box="[154,544,1940,1957]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Elaschitotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="qii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFF2AF809BD05F829" box="[154,315,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Elaschitotherium qii</emphasis>
|
||||
Métais,Guo & Beard,2004
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,IVPP 12759.44, left m3 inverted (L = 3.8-4.4; W = 2.2-2.6);
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFBB6F809B82FF829" bold="true" box="[1030,1041,1940,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">F</emphasis>
|
||||
,?
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E27FFCDFB95F809B973F829" authority="Averianov, 1996" authorityName="Averianov" authorityYear="1996" box="[1061,1357,1940,1957]" class="Mammalia" genus="Eolantianus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="russelli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFB95F809B8FCF829" box="[1061,1218,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Eolantianus russelli</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E27FFCDFB76F809B973F829" author="AVERIANOV A." box="[1222,1357,1940,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" pagination="359 - 369" refId="ref4757" refString="AVERIANOV A. 1996. - Artiodactyla from the early Eocene of Kyrgyzstan. Palaeovertebrata 25 (2 - 4): 359 - 369. https: // palaeovertebrata. com / Articles / view / 212" type="journal article" year="1996">Averianov,1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,ZIN 34355, right m2 (L = 4.1; W = 2.5-2.8);
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFE26F837BD9AF837" bold="true" box="[406,420,1962,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">G</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E27FFCDFE00F837BF55F837" authority="Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958" authorityName="Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg" authorityYear="1958" box="[432,875,1962,1979]" class="Mammalia" family="Raoellidae" genus="Haqueina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haquei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFE00F837BE03F837" box="[432,573,1962,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Haqueina haquei</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E27FFCDFDF2F837BF55F837" author="DEHM R. & OETTINGEN-SPIELBERG T." box="[578,875,1962,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref4795" refString="DEHM R. & OETTINGEN-SPIELBERG T. 1958. - Palaontologische und geologische Untersuchungen im Tertiar von Pakistan. 2. Die mitteleozanen Saugetiere von Ganda Kas bei Basal, Nordwest-Pakistan. Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften 91: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1958">Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, holotype Sammlung München 1956 II 10, left m3 inverted (L = 10.8; W = 6.0);
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFF6AF85CBCD6F85E" bold="true" box="[218,232,1985,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">H</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E27FFCDFF42F85CBEC7F85E" authority="Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987" authorityName="Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell" authorityYear="1987" box="[242,761,1985,2002]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Pakibune" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chorlakkiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFF42F85CBD86F85E" box="[242,440,1985,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Pakibune chorlakkiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E27FFCDFE0DF85CBEC7F85E" author="THEWISSEN J. G. M. & GINGERICH P. D. & RUSSELL D. E." box="[445,761,1985,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" pagination="247 - 274" refId="ref5532" refString="THEWISSEN J. G. M., GINGERICH P. D. & RUSSELL D. E. 1987. - Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla (Mammalia) from the early-middle Eocene Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology 27 (10): 247 - 274. https: // hdl. handle. net / 2027.42 / 48532" type="journal article" year="1987">Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, holotype GSP-UM 259, right m3 (L = 5.8; W = 3.1);
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFB01F85CB889F85E" bold="true" box="[1201,1207,1985,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">I</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E27FFCDFB71F85CB992F85E" authority="Pilgrim, 1940" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1940" box="[1217,1452,1985,2002]" class="Mammalia" family="Raoellidae" genus="Khirtharia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dayi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E27FFCDFB71F85CB909F85E" box="[1217,1335,1985,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Khirtharia dayi</emphasis>
|
||||
Pilgrim, 1940
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, GSP-UM 87, right m3 (L = 9.6; W = 6.0). The molars are not at the same scale.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E26FFCCFF34FF4ABE79FC9C" blockId="7.[130,777,215,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
Although
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E26FFCCFF48FF4ABE65FF7D" authority="Tong & Wang, 2006" authorityName="Tong & Wang" authorityYear="2006" box="[248,603,215,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Wutuhyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E26FFCCFF48FF4ABD5DFF7D" box="[248,355,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Wutuhyus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E26FFCCFEDCFF45BE65FF7D" author="TONG Y. & WANG J." box="[364,603,215,242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref5599" refString="TONG Y. & WANG J. 2006. - Fossil mammals from the early Eocene Wutu Formation of Shandong Province. Palaeontologia Sinica 192: 1 - 223." type="journal article" year="2006">Tong & Wang, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the early Eocene of eastern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AAF5C9986E26FFCCFEE6FF6ABDA5FE9D" box="[342,411,247,273]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
shares bunodont cusps with the Pondaung form, it is also much smaller, with an enlarged trigonid that exhibits a prominent paraconid and a metaconid posterior to the protoconid, and an unreduced hypoconulid with two cusps.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E26FFCCFEF3FEEABE66FE1D" author="TSUBAMOTO T. & EGI N. & TAKAI M. & HTIKE T." box="[323,600,375,401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" pagination="297 - 311" refId="ref5720" refString="TSUBAMOTO T., EGI N., TAKAI M., HTIKE T. & ZIN-MAUNG MAUNG-THEIN 2013. - A new genus and species of bunodont artiodactyl from the Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar. Paleontological Research 17: 297 - 311. https: // doi. org / 10.2517 / 1342 - 8144 - 17.4. 297" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Tsubamoto
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E26FFCCFE7AFEEABE3CFE1D" box="[458,514,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2013)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted that the general morphology of the partial m3 NMMP-KU 2000 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E26FFCCFF3EFE2BBCDAFE5D" box="[142,228,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,225,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[698,1267,773,1334]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. from the late middle Eocene of Paukkaung Kyitchaung 2, Myanmar: A-C, holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 in occlusal (A), lingual (B), and buccal (C) views; D, NMMP-KU 2000,right m3 in occlusal view. E-F, Interpretative drawings of: E, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. (MFP-PK2-2019-003); and F, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979 (GSP-UM 77082, inverted). E and F at same scale. Scale bar: 5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) somewhat reminds that of some raoellid forms: its strong bunodonty, blunt crests, absence of paraconid, reduced hypoconulid, mesially oriented cristid obliqua and well developed talonid basin (“crushing basin”) are features that can also be observed in raoellids. These are features that can also be observed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E26FFCCFE24FDCBBE12FDFC" authority="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger, 2022" authorityName="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger" authorityYear="2022" box="[404,556,598,624]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Neochorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E26FFCCFE24FDCBBE12FDFC" box="[404,556,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Neochorlakkia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBA5E8616E26FFCCFD83FDCBBEBCFDFC" box="[563,642,598,624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E26FFCCFD3AFDCBBF3CFDFC" box="[650,770,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,225,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[698,1267,773,1334]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. from the late middle Eocene of Paukkaung Kyitchaung 2, Myanmar: A-C, holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 in occlusal (A), lingual (B), and buccal (C) views; D, NMMP-KU 2000,right m3 in occlusal view. E-F, Interpretative drawings of: E, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. (MFP-PK2-2019-003); and F, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979 (GSP-UM 77082, inverted). E and F at same scale. Scale bar: 5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Figs 2A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E26FFCCFF34FDEBBC96FD1C" box="[132,168,630,656]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1849,1866]" captionTargetBox="[258,1376,180,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-252@6.[793,1331,774,1336]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Interpretative drawings of the lower molars of the main dichobunoid taxa compared with Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp.: A, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp., holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 (L = 14.8 mm; W = 9.2 mm); B, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger,1979,GSP-UM 77082,left m3 inverted (L = 4.1-4.5; W = 2.8); C, Limeryx chimaera Métais,Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005, IVPP 34567.2,right m2 (L = 7.5; W = 5.4); D, Asiohomacodon myanmarensis Tsubamoto,Tun,Egi, Takai,Shigehara,Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003, NMMP-KU 0028, right m3 (L = 10.7; W = 5.6-6.0); E, Elaschitotherium qii Métais,Guo & Beard,2004,IVPP 12759.44, left m3 inverted (L = 3.8-4.4; W = 2.2-2.6); F,?Eolantianus russelli Averianov,1996,ZIN 34355, right m2 (L = 4.1; W = 2.5-2.8); G, Haqueina haquei Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958, holotype Sammlung München 1956 II 10, left m3 inverted (L = 10.8; W = 6.0); H, Pakibune chorlakkiensis Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987, holotype GSP-UM 259, right m3 (L = 5.8; W = 3.1); I, Khirtharia dayi Pilgrim, 1940, GSP-UM 87, right m3 (L = 9.6; W = 6.0). The molars are not at the same scale." pageId="7" pageNumber="120">3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, the lack of crests that enclose the central basin that are characteristic of raoellids (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E26FFCCFE43FD0BBEC8FD3C" author="ORLIAC M. J. & DUCROCQ S." box="[499,758,662,688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" pagination="80 - 92" refId="ref5433" refString="ORLIAC M. J. & DUCROCQ S. 2012. - Eocene raoellids (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) outside the Indian Subcontinent: palaeogeographical implications. Geological Magazine 149: 80 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756811000586" type="journal article" year="2012">Orliac & Ducrocq 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), especially the hypolophid that borders the basin distally and the almost absent postcristids of the mesial cusps on both m3 points to different affinities (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E26FFCCFE5EFD68BE07FC9C" box="[494,569,757,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1849,1866]" captionTargetBox="[258,1376,180,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-252@6.[793,1331,774,1336]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Interpretative drawings of the lower molars of the main dichobunoid taxa compared with Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp.: A, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp., holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 (L = 14.8 mm; W = 9.2 mm); B, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger,1979,GSP-UM 77082,left m3 inverted (L = 4.1-4.5; W = 2.8); C, Limeryx chimaera Métais,Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005, IVPP 34567.2,right m2 (L = 7.5; W = 5.4); D, Asiohomacodon myanmarensis Tsubamoto,Tun,Egi, Takai,Shigehara,Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003, NMMP-KU 0028, right m3 (L = 10.7; W = 5.6-6.0); E, Elaschitotherium qii Métais,Guo & Beard,2004,IVPP 12759.44, left m3 inverted (L = 3.8-4.4; W = 2.2-2.6); F,?Eolantianus russelli Averianov,1996,ZIN 34355, right m2 (L = 4.1; W = 2.5-2.8); G, Haqueina haquei Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958, holotype Sammlung München 1956 II 10, left m3 inverted (L = 10.8; W = 6.0); H, Pakibune chorlakkiensis Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987, holotype GSP-UM 259, right m3 (L = 5.8; W = 3.1); I, Khirtharia dayi Pilgrim, 1940, GSP-UM 87, right m3 (L = 9.6; W = 6.0). The molars are not at the same scale." pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D25D89086E26FFCCFF2BFC88BE19F921" blockId="7.[130,777,215,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
Interestingly enough, although the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E26FFCCFDBCFC88BE9BFCA3" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1849" box="[524,677,789,815]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dichobunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E26FFCCFD19FC88BCCAFCC3" authorityName="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger" authorityYear="1979" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hassani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E26FFCCFD19FC88BCCAFCC3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Chorlakkia hassani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the early-middle Eocene of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AAF5C9986E26FFCCFDE5FCA8BE91FCC3" box="[597,687,821,847]" name="Pakistan" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
is much smaller than the Pondaung specimen, the occlusal outline and morphology of the m3 of both taxa are strikingly similar.Indeed, the bunodont protoconid and metaconid not connected distally by crests, the lack of a paraconid, the deep talonid basin, the almost mesiodistally oriented cristid obliqua, the entoconid lingually protruding, and the reduced hypoconulid lobe are features shared by the Pakistani and Pondaung forms (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E26FFCCFD05FB89BCA9FBC3" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,225,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[698,1267,773,1334]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. from the late middle Eocene of Paukkaung Kyitchaung 2, Myanmar: A-C, holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 in occlusal (A), lingual (B), and buccal (C) views; D, NMMP-KU 2000,right m3 in occlusal view. E-F, Interpretative drawings of: E, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp. (MFP-PK2-2019-003); and F, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger, 1979 (GSP-UM 77082, inverted). E and F at same scale. Scale bar: 5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, MFP- PK2-2019-003 exhibits a hypoconid slightly taller than the entoconid-hypoconulid complex, an entoconid in line with the hypoconid, an hypoconulid consisting of two very small cusps and smaller than the entoconid (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4AD9958D6E26FFCCFF3DFB29BCC0FB42" box="[141,254,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1849,1866]" captionTargetBox="[258,1376,180,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-252@6.[793,1331,774,1336]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Interpretative drawings of the lower molars of the main dichobunoid taxa compared with Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp.: A, Neochorlakkia myaingensis n. gen., n. sp., holotype MFP-PK2-2019-003, right m3 (L = 14.8 mm; W = 9.2 mm); B, Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger,1979,GSP-UM 77082,left m3 inverted (L = 4.1-4.5; W = 2.8); C, Limeryx chimaera Métais,Qi, Guo & Beard, 2005, IVPP 34567.2,right m2 (L = 7.5; W = 5.4); D, Asiohomacodon myanmarensis Tsubamoto,Tun,Egi, Takai,Shigehara,Soe, Aung & Thein, 2003, NMMP-KU 0028, right m3 (L = 10.7; W = 5.6-6.0); E, Elaschitotherium qii Métais,Guo & Beard,2004,IVPP 12759.44, left m3 inverted (L = 3.8-4.4; W = 2.2-2.6); F,?Eolantianus russelli Averianov,1996,ZIN 34355, right m2 (L = 4.1; W = 2.5-2.8); G, Haqueina haquei Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg, 1958, holotype Sammlung München 1956 II 10, left m3 inverted (L = 10.8; W = 6.0); H, Pakibune chorlakkiensis Thewissen, Gingerich & Russell, 1987, holotype GSP-UM 259, right m3 (L = 5.8; W = 3.1); I, Khirtharia dayi Pilgrim, 1940, GSP-UM 87, right m3 (L = 9.6; W = 6.0). The molars are not at the same scale." pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E26FFCCFEA1FB29BDD9FB42" author="VISLOBOKOVA I. A." box="[273,487,1204,1230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" pagination="90 - 96" refId="ref5816" refString="VISLOBOKOVA I. A. 2004. - Artiodactyls from the middle Eocene of Khaichin-Ula II, Mongolia. Paleontological Journal 38: 90 - 96." type="journal article" year="2004">Vislobokova (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
identified a new species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E26FFCCFF34FB49BCC7FB62" authorityName="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger" authorityYear="1979" box="[132,249,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E26FFCCFF34FB49BCC7FB62" box="[132,249,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Chorlakkia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E26FFCCFEBAFB49BE7AFB62" authority="Vislobokova, 2004" authorityName="Vislobokova" authorityYear="2004" box="[266,580,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E26FFCCFEBAFB49BD50FB62" box="[266,366,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">C. valerii</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B673F4F96E26FFCCFEC7FB49BE7AFB62" author="VISLOBOKOVA I. A." box="[375,580,1236,1262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" pagination="90 - 96" refId="ref5816" refString="VISLOBOKOVA I. A. 2004. - Artiodactyls from the middle Eocene of Khaichin-Ula II, Mongolia. Paleontological Journal 38: 90 - 96." type="journal article" year="2004">Vislobokova, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) from the middle Eocene of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AAF5C9986E26FFCCFF49FB6EBD5BFA81" box="[249,357,1267,1293]" name="Mongolia" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. This taxon displays several differences with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E26FFCCFF0BFA89BD1BFAA1" authorityName="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger" authorityYear="1979" box="[187,293,1299,1326]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hassani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E26FFCCFF0BFA89BD1BFAA1" box="[187,293,1299,1326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">C. hassani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
such as a lower molar crown more elongated, a trigonid much higher than the talonid, a hypoconulid lobe single cusped and much more developed distally, an entoconid more lingually protruding and in line with the hypoconid. It also differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E26FFCCFEF0FA0EBDEBFA21" authority="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger, 2022" authorityName="Ducrocq & Soe & Sein & Chaimanee & Chavasseau & Jaeger" authorityYear="2022" box="[320,469,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Neochorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E26FFCCFEF0FA0EBDEBFA21" box="[320,469,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Neochorlakkia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBA5E8616E26FFCCFE6CFA09BE16FA22" box="[476,552,1428,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
by its much smaller size, more elongated crown with the trigonid much taller than the talonid, more oblique cristid obliqua, entoconid lower than hypoconid, presence of a posthypocristid, single-cusped hypoconulid separated from the entoconid by a depression, more elongated hypoconulid lobe, and weaker mesial cingulid. Nevertheless, the structural features that can be observed in the ungulate from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AAF5C9986E26FFCCFEF4F9EFBD95F900" box="[324,427,1650,1676]" name="Mongolia" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
but not in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E26FFCCFDAAF9EFBEB2F900" authorityName="Gingerich, Russell, Sigogneau-Russell & Hartenberger" authorityYear="1979" box="[538,652,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E26FFCCFDAAF9EFBEB2F900" box="[538,652,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Chorlakkia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cast doubts on the generic attribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15E2F28B6E26FFCCFE0EF90EBE1EF920" authorityName="Vislobokova" authorityYear="2004" box="[446,544,1682,1709]" class="Mammalia" family="Dichobunidae" genus="Chorlakkia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valerii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E096551A6E26FFCCFE0EF90EBE1EF920" box="[446,544,1682,1709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">C. valerii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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