Add updates up until 2024-09-22 00:43:59
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<document id="9965A2FCC335A72C14E6F6E95CDF7896" ID-DOI="10.50826/bnmnszool.48.2_89" ID-ISSN="2434-091X" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1718643649186" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Alazmah, Abdulfatah" docDate="2022" docId="7F4887A84B4DFFC254C21EF0FEA41334" docLanguage="en" docName="BullNatlMusNatSciSerA.48.2.89-95.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 48 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1090_23" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A6FFB80BFE6276686563735C80A89639.2:BullNatlMusNatSciSerA.2021-.journal_article.english.affilindex" docStyleId="A6FFB80BFE6276686563735C80A89639" docStyleName="BullNatlMusNatSciSerA.2021-.journal_article.english.affilindex" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Andricus mukaigawae" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="8371FFD04B4FFFC756211F09FFE51201" masterDocTitle="First Record of the Oak Gall Wasp (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1726965837767" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="146618C2D8AEE71FF1C86F2520CE4506">
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<mods:title id="A8AA9852E8EE00BE506954DEA04E34F2">First Record of the Oak Gall Wasp (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in Myanmar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="690546F6D48A57249A7994305D0FDD2C">Alazmah, Abdulfatah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="38A1169A472A8D7478707216C80360E4">Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6D8AD291B851BBD3C98B97885C4A20FC">
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<mods:date id="C8AFA0B7CC5AAB3F5F3693ADBD5E0E08">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A931EBF2551F9C849BF11C07FF8D19D2">2022-05-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A999594CF41A4953BF7131B064D20449">48</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9A069B394DD1BB1F4A6C29ADAD078BE0">http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1090_23</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9DC3CB2DD63805D85938453BE3A28DC2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D27A53FEC9EB2D64F0E3B42D93374C28" type="DOI">10.50826/bnmnszool.48.2_89</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C3B0F376C1E2A23E8F8C29F5D1089B79" type="ISSN">2434-091X</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="7F4887A84B4DFFC254C21EF0FEA41334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F4887A84B4DFFC254C21EF0FEA41334" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F4887A84B4DFFC254C21EF0FEA41334" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
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<subSubSection id="BFFB65354B4DFFC554C21EF0FB561013" box="[739,1203,505,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4DFFC554C21EF0FB561013" blockId="2.[739,1203,505,530]" box="[739,1203,505,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
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<heading id="AC1681D24B4DFFC554C21EF0FB561013" box="[739,1203,505,530]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" reason="4">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4DFFC554C21EF0FB561013" authority="(Mukaigawa, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Mukaigawa" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[739,1203,505,530]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4DFFC554C21EF0FC3F1010" bold="true" box="[739,986,505,529]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Andricus mukaigawae</emphasis>
|
||||
(
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4DFFC555C91EF3FB491013" author="Mukaigawa, Y." box="[1000,1196,506,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" pagination="261 - 264" refId="ref3590" refString="Mukaigawa, Y. 1913. Notes on the life histories of Dryo- phanta mukaigawae and D. serratae. Insect World 17: 261 - 264 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1913">Mukaigawa, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BFFB65354B4DFFC554FC1D3BFC5810D5" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4DFFC554FC1D3BFC5810D5" blockId="2.[707,1237,562,1141]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4DFFC554FC1D3BFC5B104B" box="[733,958,562,586]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||||
.
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||||
<materialsCitation id="47893CE34B4DFFC555EE1D3BFC5310D4" collectingDate="2019-11-21" collectorName="N. Tanaka" country="Myanmar" location="Falam District" municipality="Tedim Township" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chin">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4DFFC555EE1D3BFBD2104B" box="[975,1079,562,586]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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||||
(new record): 3
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4DFFC554F21D5BFCED106C" bold="true" box="[723,776,594,621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">˂˂</emphasis>
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||||
, asexual generation,
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||||
<collectingMunicipality id="173AACC44B4DFFC5522F1D5CFB35106C" box="[1038,1232,597,621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Tedim Township</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="F23E60654B4DFFC554E21D7EFC83108E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F4887A84B4DFFC254C21EF0FEA41334:F23E60654B4DFFC554E21D7EFC83108E" box="[707,870,631,655]" country="Myanmar" municipality="Tedim Township" name="Falam District" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Chin">Falam District</location>
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||||
,
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||||
<collectingRegion id="3525F85C4B4DFFC555561D7EFC15108E" box="[887,1008,631,655]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Chin State</collectingRegion>
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||||
, gall collection and dissection:
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||||
<date id="835F107E4B4DFFC555611D93FC3110B3" box="[832,980,666,690]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" value="2019-11-21">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="931BE9964B4DFFC555611D93FC3110B3" box="[832,980,666,690]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" value="2019-11-21">21. XI. 2019</collectingDate>
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||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="5A1453684B4DFFC555C21D93FBB010B3" box="[995,1109,666,690]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">N. Tanaka</collectorName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4DFFC552411D92FB7E10B3" box="[1120,1179,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
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leg., host:
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||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4DFFC554DC1DB4FC5310D4" box="[765,950,701,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="griffithii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4DFFC554DC1DB4FC5310D4" box="[765,950,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Quercus griffithii</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BFFB65354B4DFFC254FC1DE9FEA41334" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4DFFC454FC1DE9FBA814C3" blockId="2.[707,1237,562,1141]" lastBlockId="3.[707,1236,1706,1799]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4DFFC554FC1DE9FCCA113D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
Summary of taxonomic characteristics based only on a
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4DFFC555661C0AFC4A111B" box="[839,943,771,794]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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||||
specimen used for DNA extraction
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</emphasis>
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||||
. Head brown, except for black areas around antennal rim, ventral margin of face, including clypeus, and occipital foramen; mandible brown, with black teeth; antenna dark brown, except for light brown scape, pedicel, and F1; palpi light brown. Mesosoma brown, except for black areas around anterolateral margin of mesoscutum, anteroadmedian and parapsidal signa, mesoscutal fovea, metascutellum, lateral propodeal carina, central propodeal area, subalar area, and carinae on metapleural area; legs brown, except for darker tarsal claws. Metasoma brown, except for darker dorsal surface, light brown hypopygium and black third valvula.
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="A39E66364B4DFFC5568219DDFC231507" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" startId="2.[163,196,1748,1770]" targetBox="[140,1235,1210,1713]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4DFFC5568219DDFC231507" blockId="2.[163,1214,1748,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
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||||
Fig. 2. Habitus of asexual generation wasps of
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||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4DFFC554BA19DDFC8A14E8" baseAuthorityName="Mukaigawa" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[667,879,1748,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4DFFC554BA19DDFC8A14E8" box="[667,879,1748,1769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Andricus mukaigawae</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
used for DNA extraction (scale bar
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||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4DFFC556CC19F9FEE11506" bold="true" box="[237,260,1776,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">=</emphasis>
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1 mm). A, Specimen from Chin, Myanmar; B, Specimen from Nagano, Japan.
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</caption>
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||||
<caption id="A39E66364B4CFFC45682193FFB79146B" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" startId="3.[163,196,1590,1612]" targetBox="[140,1235,215,1555]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4CFFC45682193FFB79146B" blockId="3.[163,1213,1590,1642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
Fig. 3. Head and mesosoma of asexual generation wasps of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4CFFC454C2193FFC4A144A" baseAuthorityName="Mukaigawa" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[739,943,1590,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4CFFC454C2193FFC4A144A" box="[739,943,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Andricus mukaigawae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, collected in Chin, Myanmar (A and C) and Nagano, Japan (B and D). A–B, Head, frontal view; C–D, Head and mesosoma, dorsal view.
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
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||||
<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4CFFC354FC19C4FEA810B3" blockId="3.[707,1236,1706,1799]" lastBlockId="4.[140,670,215,1799]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
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||||
Head slightly narrower than mesosoma in dorsal view, rudely coriarious to finely colliculate, with dense setae. Ventral clypeal margin slightly incised medially. Facial strigae radiating from lateral clypeus obscure, reaching about half ways to eye margin. Subocular impression absent. Diameter of antennal rim 1.5 times as broad as distance between inner margins of rims, 1.3 times as broad as distance between lateral margin of antennal rim and inner margin of compound eye. Gena broadened behind eye. POL: OOL: LOL
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||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC356E11D07FF3E1026" bold="true" box="[192,219,526,551]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">=</emphasis>
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||||
16: 11: 7. Antenna with 15 antennomeres; relative lengths of scape, pedicel, and F1–F13: 38, 20, 61, 50, 35, 32, 32, 25, 22, 22, 22, 20, 20, 20, 20; F12 and F13 fused, separated by obscure transverse furrow.
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</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4BFFC356861DB4FE231745" blockId="4.[140,670,215,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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||||
Mesosoma almost as long as high in lateral view, with dense setae, except for bared surface of anteroadmedian and parapsidal signa, scutellar fovea, subalar area, and central propodeal area. Pronotum rugose. Mesoscutum rudely coriarious to finely colliculate; base of each seta with or without small round depression; median mesoscutal line present only as slight impression at posterior margin of mesoscutum; notaulus percurrent. Scutellum rugose; bottom of scutellar fovea smooth. Mesopleuron coriarious; setae relatively sparse, except at mesopleural triangle. Propodeum with distinct lateral propodeal carina; central propodeal area smooth. Metatarsal claw strongly bent at apex; base expanded to pronounced and pointed tooth. Marginal cell of forewing open, 3.2 times as long as broad.
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||||
<collectionCode id="91F0AE7B4B4BFFC354711BEEFD8316FE" box="[592,614,1255,1279]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">R</collectionCode>
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||||
1 not reaching wing margin. Length of forewing
|
||||
<quantity id="30199B5B4B4BFFC356AD1A25FF381745" box="[140,221,1324,1348]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, of hind tibia
|
||||
<quantity id="30199B5B4B4BFFC357511A24FE271745" box="[368,450,1325,1349]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4BFFC356861A59FD7D17F3" blockId="4.[140,670,215,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Metasoma smooth; tergum II with dense setae anterolaterally. Projecting part of hypopygial spine 4.5 times as long as high in lateral view, 2.5 times as long as broad in ventral view; subapical setae long, reaching beyond apex of spine.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4BFFC356861AF4FF04147D" blockId="4.[140,670,215,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC356861AF4FD801415" box="[167,613,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
Variations within
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC357531AF4FE3F1415" box="[370,474,1533,1556]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
material (n
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC354441AF2FD651415" bold="true" box="[613,640,1531,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">=</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC354A11AF4FD731414" box="[640,662,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">3)</emphasis>
|
||||
. Length of forewing
|
||||
<quantity id="30199B5B4B4BFFC3574A1916FE0E1436" box="[363,491,1567,1591]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.199999999999999" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="5.199999999999999" valueMax="5.3" valueMin="5.1">5.1–5.3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Length of hind tibia
|
||||
<quantity id="30199B5B4B4BFFC356E2194BFEA11458" box="[195,324,1602,1626]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Marginal cell of forewing
|
||||
<quantity id="30199B5B4B4BFFC3544F194BFF3B147D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.2">3.2– 3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4BFFC35686198EFB29113C" blockId="4.[140,670,215,1799]" lastBlockId="4.[707,1237,215,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC35686198EFEE1149E" box="[167,260,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
. In the present study, we recorded
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC354A71981FEF614C3" baseAuthorityName="Mukaigawa" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC354A71981FD73149E" box="[646,662,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC356AD19A3FEF614C3" box="[140,275,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">mukaigawae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for the first time in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC357DA19A3FD8014C3" box="[507,613,1706,1730]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4BFFC3545019A3FED514E4" author="Abe, Y. & M. Bhuyan & J. Mech & P. R. Bhattacharyya & T. Ide & M. Mishima & C. Suyama & S. Sato & K. Matsuo & N. Wachi" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="340 - 342" refId="ref2821" refString="Abe, Y., M. Bhuyan, J. Mech, P. R. Bhattacharyya, T. Ide, M. Mishima, C. Suyama, S. Sato, K. Matsuo and N. Wachi 2012. Discovery of an oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) inducing galls on deciduous oak trees in India. Entomological Science 15: 340 - 342." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||||
Abe
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC356AD19C4FF3714E4" box="[140,210,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2012)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
recorded
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC3579D19C4FD9414E4" baseAuthorityName="Mukaigawa" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[444,625,1741,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3579D19C4FE2914E5" box="[444,460,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC357CB19C4FD9414E4" box="[490,625,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">mukaigawae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in northeastern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC3573F19E6FEB01506" box="[286,341,1775,1799]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">India</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and regarded it as the first record of a gall wasp with a distribution from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC354E21FF3FCCD1313" box="[707,808,250,274]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">East Asia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
to the Indian subcontinent. Our finding of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC354C81E14FC721334" baseAuthorityName="Mukaigawa" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[745,919,285,309]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC354C81E14FD1C1335" box="[745,761,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC355311E14FC721334" box="[784,919,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">mukaigawae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC355EA1E14FBD61334" box="[971,1075,285,309]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
supports and expands on this contention. In both instances,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC354E21E6BFC8E137B" baseAuthorityName="Mukaigawa" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[707,875,354,378]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC354E21E6BFD361378" box="[707,723,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC354C51E6BFC8E137B" box="[740,875,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">mukaigawae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was recorded from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC352711E6BFB2B137B" box="[1104,1230,354,378]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="griffithii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC352711E6BFB861378" box="[1104,1123,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Q</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC352541E6BFB2B137B" box="[1141,1230,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">griffithii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is widely distributed in the Oriental region, including
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC355A41EA1FC0B13C1" box="[901,1006,424,448]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC355DA1EAEFBB813BE" box="[1019,1117,423,447]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC3524B1EA1FB4513BE" box="[1130,1184,424,447]" name="Laos" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC354E21EC3FCF813E3" box="[707,797,458,482]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4BFFC355131EC3FBB513E3" author="Govaerts, R. & D. G. Frodin" box="[818,1104,458,482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" refId="ref3042" refString="Govaerts, R. and D. G. Frodin 1998. World checklist and bibliography of Fagales. 407 pp. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1998">Govaerts & Frodin 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This suggests that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC3550F1EE4FC371004" baseAuthorityName="Mukaigawa" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[814,978,493,517]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3550F1EE4FCDB1005" box="[814,830,493,516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3556A1EE4FC371004" box="[843,978,493,517]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">mukaigawae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may have a wide distribution across
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC3557B1D19FC261026" box="[858,963,527,551]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">East Asia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, the Indian subcontinent, and the Indochinese Peninsula.
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC352011D3BFB6D104B" box="[1056,1160,562,586]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
lies at the northwestern edge of the Indochinese Peninsula, most of which is in the Oriental region, but northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC355081D93FC7410B3" box="[809,913,666,690]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
is adjacent to the Palearctic region (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4BFFC355381DB4FC2510D5" author="Udvardy, M. D. F." box="[793,960,700,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" refId="ref4042" refString="Udvardy, M. D. F. 1975. A classification of the biogeo- graphical provinces of the world. 49 pp. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Morges, Switzerland." type="book" year="1975">Udvardy, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4BFFC355EE1DB4FB9D10D5" author="Morrone, J. J." box="[975,1144,700,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="81 - 90" refId="ref3564" refString="Morrone, J. J. 2015. Biogeographical regionalization of the world: a reappraisal. Australian Systematic Botany 28: 81 - 90." type="journal article" year="2015">Morrone, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Therefore,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC354DF1DE9FC8310F9" box="[766,870,736,760]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
is important in terms of the biogeographic connection between the Oriental and Palearctic regions inhabited by Asian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC352771C2CFB22113C" box="[1110,1223,805,829]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cynipidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F75E36BE4B4BFFC254FC1C4EFEA41334" blockId="4.[707,1237,215,1800]" lastBlockId="5.[140,668,215,309]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC354FC1C4EFBE9115E" authorityName="Ide, Aung and Tanaka" authorityYear="2020" box="[733,1036,839,863]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Lithosaphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mindatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC354FC1C4EFBE9115E" box="[733,1036,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Lithosaphonecrus mindatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the only known cynipid species in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC355BD1C63FBE11183" box="[924,1028,874,898]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
before this study, belongs to the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC355CB1C84FBB011A4" box="[1002,1109,909,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC352551C84FCAF11C6" baseAuthorityName="Mukaigawa" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mukaigawae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC352551C84FCAF11C6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Andricus mukaigawae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
belongs to the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC352061CA6FB6211C6" box="[1063,1159,943,967]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is known for inducing galls on oaks and their relatives, and is thus known as the oak gall wasp. Therefore, this is the first record of the oak gall wasp and the second record of the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC352A31B33FD0D1674" ID-CoL="8VX" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cynipidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC355371B54FC651674" box="[790,896,1117,1141]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC355F11B54FBC81674" box="[976,1069,1117,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC3524C1B54FB311674" box="[1133,1236,1117,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
consist of herbivorous insects associated with oaks and their relatives of the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC352501BABFB3116BB" ID-CoL="623R7" box="[1137,1236,1186,1210]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4BFFC354EB1BCCFC5F16DD" author="Ronquist, F. & J. - L. Nieves-Aldrey & M. L. Buffington & Z. Liu & J. Liljeblad & J. A. A. Nylander" box="[714,954,1220,1245]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" refId="ref3903" refString="Ronquist, F., J. - L. Nieves-Aldrey, M. L. Buffington, Z. Liu, J. Liljeblad and J. A. A. Nylander 2015. Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens. PLoS ONE 10: e 0123301." type="journal volume" year="2015">
|
||||
Ronquist
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC355171BCCFC9516DC" box="[822,880,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4BFFC355E91BCCFB2D16DC" author="Buffington, M. L. & M. Forshage & J. Liljeblad & C. - T. Tang & S. van Noort" box="[968,1224,1221,1245]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref2942" refString="Buffington, M. L., M. Forshage, J. Liljeblad, C. - T. Tang and S. van Noort 2020. World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): a key to higher-level groups. Insect Systematics and Diversity 4: 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||||
Buffington
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC352641BCCFB9B16DC" box="[1093,1150,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and host plant diversity is important when estimating the species richness of herbivorous insects (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4BFFC3553A1A24FC2C1745" author="Lin Y. - P. & D. H. Cook & P. J. Gullan & L. G. Cook" box="[795,969,1324,1349]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="299 - 306" refId="ref3513" refString="Lin Y. - P., D. H. Cook, P. J. Gullan and L. G. Cook 2015. Does host-plant diversity explain species richness in insects? A test using Coccidae (Hemiptera). Ecological Entomology 40: 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Lin
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3556B1A24FC641744" box="[842,897,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). As approximately 80% of all known cynipid species belong to the two tribes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4BFFC355321A7BFBEE178B" author="Ronquist, F. & J. - L. Nieves-Aldrey & M. L. Buffington & Z. Liu & J. Liljeblad & J. A. A. Nylander" box="[787,1035,1394,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" refId="ref3903" refString="Ronquist, F., J. - L. Nieves-Aldrey, M. L. Buffington, Z. Liu, J. Liljeblad and J. A. A. Nylander 2015. Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens. PLoS ONE 10: e 0123301." type="journal volume" year="2015">
|
||||
Ronquist
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC355A31A7AFC5A178B" box="[898,959,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), the diversity of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC354E21A9CFCC317AC" ID-CoL="623R7" box="[707,806,1429,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is important for cynipid diversity. Two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC3551E1AB1FC4117CE" ID-CoL="8VVZQ" box="[831,932,1464,1487]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3551E1AB1FC4117CE" box="[831,932,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Castanea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 15 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC352201AB1FB6617CE" ID-CoL="8VVZR" box="[1025,1155,1464,1487]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC352201AB1FB6617CE" box="[1025,1155,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 31 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC354E21AD3FCA117F3" ID-CoL="8VYYV" box="[707,836,1498,1522]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC354E21AD3FCA117F3" box="[707,836,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and 33 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC3559E1AD3FBFD17F0" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[959,1048,1498,1521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3559E1AD3FBFD17F0" box="[959,1048,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which belong to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC354E21AF4FCCC1414" ID-CoL="623R7" box="[707,809,1533,1557]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, have been recorded in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC3524D1AF4FB311414" box="[1132,1236,1533,1557]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4BFFC354EB1916FC711436" author="Kress, W. J. & R. A. DeFilipps & E. Farr & Y. Y. Kyi" box="[714,916,1567,1591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="118 - 124" refId="ref3398" refString="Kress, W. J., R. A. DeFilipps, E. Farr and Y. Y. Kyi 2003. A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 118 - 124." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||||
Kress
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC355331929FCAF1436" box="[786,842,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2003
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In particular, the mountainous areas of the northern to northwestern ranges of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4BFFC354C6196CFCAA147C" box="[743,847,1637,1661]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3525F85C4B4BFFC35544196CFC53147C" box="[869,950,1637,1661]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3525F85C4B4BFFC355E9196CFBC4147C" box="[968,1057,1637,1661]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Sagaing</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3525F85C4B4BFFC35249196CFB78147C" box="[1128,1181,1637,1661]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Chin</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) are species-rich in oaks and their relatives; at least one species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC3554D19A3FC3414C0" ID-CoL="8VVZQ" box="[876,977,1706,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3554D19A3FC3414C0" box="[876,977,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Castanea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, seven of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC3526A19A3FB2814C0" ID-CoL="8VVZR" box="[1099,1229,1706,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3526A19A3FB2814C0" box="[1099,1229,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 17 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC3552519C4FC6014E4" ID-CoL="8VYYV" box="[772,901,1741,1765]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3552519C4FC6014E4" box="[772,901,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and 21 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4BFFC3522419C4FBBB14E5" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[1029,1118,1741,1764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3522419C4FBBB14E5" box="[1029,1118,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been recorded (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93704B4F4B4BFFC3551019E6FC1E1506" author="Kress, W. J. & R. A. DeFilipps & E. Farr & Y. Y. Kyi" box="[817,1019,1775,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" pagination="118 - 124" refId="ref3398" refString="Kress, W. J., R. A. DeFilipps, E. Farr and Y. Y. Kyi 2003. A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 118 - 124." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||||
Kress
|
||||
<emphasis id="C595EAAC4B4BFFC3555819F9FC541506" box="[889,945,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2003
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This suggests that further field surveys focusing on these areas will help uncover the species diversity of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30E14D3D4B4AFFC2546A1FF3FF541334" ID-CoL="8VX" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cynipidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8FF6762E4B4AFFC256F21E14FED81334" box="[211,317,285,309]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue