From ec93a7c987d416bf882f3abeec4e1c8aea2ec7ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Sun, 22 Sep 2024 00:50:03 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-09-22 00:43:59 --- .../87/7F4887A84B4DFFC254C21EF0FEA41334.xml | 335 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 335 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/7F/48/87/7F4887A84B4DFFC254C21EF0FEA41334.xml diff --git a/data/7F/48/87/7F4887A84B4DFFC254C21EF0FEA41334.xml b/data/7F/48/87/7F4887A84B4DFFC254C21EF0FEA41334.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..25b85df7ec6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7F/48/87/7F4887A84B4DFFC254C21EF0FEA41334.xml @@ -0,0 +1,335 @@ + + + +First Record of the Oak Gall Wasp (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in Myanmar + + + +Author + +Alazmah, Abdulfatah + +text + + +Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology + + +2022 + +2022-05-20 + + +48 + + +2 + + +89 +95 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1090_23 + +journal article +10.50826/bnmnszool.48.2_89 +2434-091X + + + + + + +Andricus mukaigawae +( +Mukaigawa, 1913 +) + + + + + + +Specimens examined +. + +Myanmar +(new record): 3 +˂˂ +, asexual generation, +Tedim Township +, +Falam District +, +Chin State +, gall collection and dissection: + +21. XI. 2019 + +, +N. Tanaka +et al. +leg., host: + +Quercus griffithii + + +. + + + + + +Summary of taxonomic characteristics based only on a +Myanmar +specimen used for DNA extraction + +. Head brown, except for black areas around antennal rim, ventral margin of face, including clypeus, and occipital foramen; mandible brown, with black teeth; antenna dark brown, except for light brown scape, pedicel, and F1; palpi light brown. Mesosoma brown, except for black areas around anterolateral margin of mesoscutum, anteroadmedian and parapsidal signa, mesoscutal fovea, metascutellum, lateral propodeal carina, central propodeal area, subalar area, and carinae on metapleural area; legs brown, except for darker tarsal claws. Metasoma brown, except for darker dorsal surface, light brown hypopygium and black third valvula. + + + +Fig. 2. Habitus of asexual generation wasps of + +Andricus mukaigawae + +used for DNA extraction (scale bar += +1 mm). A, Specimen from Chin, Myanmar; B, Specimen from Nagano, Japan. + + + + +Fig. 3. Head and mesosoma of asexual generation wasps of + +Andricus mukaigawae + +, collected in Chin, Myanmar (A and C) and Nagano, Japan (B and D). A–B, Head, frontal view; C–D, Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. + + + +Head slightly narrower than mesosoma in dorsal view, rudely coriarious to finely colliculate, with dense setae. Ventral clypeal margin slightly incised medially. Facial strigae radiating from lateral clypeus obscure, reaching about half ways to eye margin. Subocular impression absent. Diameter of antennal rim 1.5 times as broad as distance between inner margins of rims, 1.3 times as broad as distance between lateral margin of antennal rim and inner margin of compound eye. Gena broadened behind eye. POL: OOL: LOL += +16: 11: 7. Antenna with 15 antennomeres; relative lengths of scape, pedicel, and F1–F13: 38, 20, 61, 50, 35, 32, 32, 25, 22, 22, 22, 20, 20, 20, 20; F12 and F13 fused, separated by obscure transverse furrow. + + +Mesosoma almost as long as high in lateral view, with dense setae, except for bared surface of anteroadmedian and parapsidal signa, scutellar fovea, subalar area, and central propodeal area. Pronotum rugose. Mesoscutum rudely coriarious to finely colliculate; base of each seta with or without small round depression; median mesoscutal line present only as slight impression at posterior margin of mesoscutum; notaulus percurrent. Scutellum rugose; bottom of scutellar fovea smooth. Mesopleuron coriarious; setae relatively sparse, except at mesopleural triangle. Propodeum with distinct lateral propodeal carina; central propodeal area smooth. Metatarsal claw strongly bent at apex; base expanded to pronounced and pointed tooth. Marginal cell of forewing open, 3.2 times as long as broad. +R +1 not reaching wing margin. Length of forewing +5.2 mm +, of hind tibia +1.7 mm +. + +Metasoma smooth; tergum II with dense setae anterolaterally. Projecting part of hypopygial spine 4.5 times as long as high in lateral view, 2.5 times as long as broad in ventral view; subapical setae long, reaching beyond apex of spine. + + +Variations within +Myanmar +material (n + += +3) +. Length of forewing +5.1–5.3 mm +. Length of hind tibia +1.6–1.7 mm +. Marginal cell of forewing +3.2– 3.6 mm +. + + +Remarks +. In the present study, we recorded + +A +. +mukaigawae + +for the first time in +Myanmar +. + +Abe +et al. +(2012) + +recorded + +A +. +mukaigawae + +in northeastern +India +and regarded it as the first record of a gall wasp with a distribution from +East Asia +to the Indian subcontinent. Our finding of + +A +. +mukaigawae + +in +Myanmar +supports and expands on this contention. In both instances, + +A +. +mukaigawae + +was recorded from + +Q +. +griffithii + +, which is widely distributed in the Oriental region, including +Myanmar +, +Thailand +, +Laos +, and +Vietnam +( +Govaerts & Frodin 1998 +). This suggests that + +A +. +mukaigawae + +may have a wide distribution across +East Asia +, the Indian subcontinent, and the Indochinese Peninsula. +Myanmar +lies at the northwestern edge of the Indochinese Peninsula, most of which is in the Oriental region, but northern +Myanmar +is adjacent to the Palearctic region ( +Udvardy, 1975 +; +Morrone, 2015 +). Therefore, +Myanmar +is important in terms of the biogeographic connection between the Oriental and Palearctic regions inhabited by Asian +Cynipidae +. + + + +Lithosaphonecrus mindatus + +, the only known cynipid species in +Myanmar +before this study, belongs to the tribe +Synergini +. + +Andricus mukaigawae + +belongs to the tribe +Cynipini +, which is known for inducing galls on oaks and their relatives, and is thus known as the oak gall wasp. Therefore, this is the first record of the oak gall wasp and the second record of the family +Cynipidae +in +Myanmar +. Both +Cynipini +and +Synergini +consist of herbivorous insects associated with oaks and their relatives of the family +Fagaceae +( + +Ronquist +et al. +, 2015 + +; + +Buffington +et al. +, 2020 + +), and host plant diversity is important when estimating the species richness of herbivorous insects ( + +Lin +et al. +, 2015 + +). As approximately 80% of all known cynipid species belong to the two tribes ( + +Ronquist +et al. +, 2015 + +), the diversity of +Fagaceae +is important for cynipid diversity. Two species of + +Castanea + +, 15 of + +Castanopsis + +, 31 of + +Lithocarpus + +, and 33 of + +Quercus + +, which belong to +Fagaceae +, have been recorded in +Myanmar +( + +Kress +et al. +, 2003 + +). In particular, the mountainous areas of the northern to northwestern ranges of +Myanmar +( +Kachin +, +Sagaing +, and +Chin +) are species-rich in oaks and their relatives; at least one species of + +Castanea + +, seven of + +Castanopsis + +, 17 of + +Lithocarpus + +, and 21 of + +Quercus + +have been recorded ( + +Kress +et al. +, 2003 + +). This suggests that further field surveys focusing on these areas will help uncover the species diversity of the +Cynipidae +in +Myanmar +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file