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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.111.1593" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8334b67a-88a0-45e6-983d-a90752547197" ID-PMC="PMC3142689" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-111-41" ID-PubMed="21852938" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-111-41" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 111" ModsDocTitle="A new species of the bee genus Ctenoplectrella in middle Eocene Baltic amber (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)" checkinTime="1451250248158" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gonzalez, Victor H. &amp; Engel, Michael S." docDate="2011" docId="E7B80DEFD1B8E01340D6606E17E92C39" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 111: 41-49" docOrigin="ZooKeys 111" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.111.1593" docTitle="Ctenoplectrella phaeton Gonzalez &amp; Engel, 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FF9B5B55496E0368FF97FFD8FFC33C09" masterDocTitle="A new species of the bee genus Ctenoplectrella in middle Eocene Baltic amber (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668151717928" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of the bee genus Ctenoplectrella in middle Eocene Baltic amber (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gonzalez, Victor H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number>111</mods:number>
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<mods:start>41</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.111.1593</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0027DEF4-DC4A-46C2-87C4-473120D5BB80" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ctenoplectrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenoplectrella phaeton" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeton">Ctenoplectrella phaeton</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="43">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 14
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">♀, AMNH Ba-JVe-161, Baltic amber, middle Eocene (Lutetian). Deposited in the Amber Fossil Collection, Division of Invertebrate Zoology (Entomology), American Museum of Natural History, New York.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Paratype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">♀, on curved edge in same amber piece as holotype and with same repository (Figs 1, 4).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
Figure 1. Photograph of majority of amber piece (middle Eocene, Baltic amber) indicating relative positions of two individuals of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ctenoplectrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenoplectrella phaeton" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeton">Ctenoplectrella phaeton</taxonomicName>
Gonzalez and Engel, sp. n. (AMNH Ba-JVe-161); holotype is at right, paratype at upper left on curved edge of piece.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
This species resembles
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ctenoplectrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenoplectrella cockerelli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">Ctenoplectrella cockerelli</taxonomicName>
Engel in the forewing with vein 2rs-m strongly and doubly arcuate, the basal vein confluent with cu-a, the first submarginal cell shorter than the second submarginal cell, and the punctate mesepisternum and terga. However,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ctenoplectrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenoplectrella phaeton" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeton">Ctenoplectrella phaeton</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ctenoplectrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenoplectrella cockerelli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">Ctenoplectrella cockerelli</taxonomicName>
and
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="44" start="start">remaining</pageBreakToken>
species of the genus by its robust body, punctate metepisternum (impunctate in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ctenoplectrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenoplectrella cockerelli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">Ctenoplectrella cockerelli</taxonomicName>
), and much shorter and sparser body pubescence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
Female: Total body length 5.77 mm (6.15 mm); forewing length 3.85 mm (3.92 mm). Head slightly wider than long; paraocular carina present; pedicel about as long as combined lengths of first and second flagellomeres; interocellar distance 2.5 times median ocellar diameter, 1.5 times longer than ocellocular distance; ocelloccipital distance about 1.6 times median ocellar diameter. Intertegular distance 1.46 mm. Outer surfaces of
<normalizedToken originalValue="pro–">pro-</normalizedToken>
and mesotibiae apically with small posterior spine. Prestigma relatively short, slightly more than two times longer than broad (prestigma width measured to its margin); basal vein strongly arcuate, confluent with cu-a; second abscissa of Rs basad 1m-cu by about six times vein width; 2rs-m distad 2m-cu by vein width, 2rs-m doubly arcuate; second submarginal cell slightly longer than first submarginal cell; seven distal hamuli, arranged in a single, evenly-spaced series. Sixth metasomal sternum with broadly rounded apical margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
Integument in general smooth and shiny between punctures, weakly imbricate laterally on terga. Outer surface of mandible with minute punctures separated by a puncture width or less. Frons with small punctures separated by 1-1.5 times a puncture width, punctures becoming denser towards vertex. Pronotum laterally with minute punctures separated by a puncture width or less. Mesoscutum with small punctures separated by 1-2 times a puncture width (Fig. 2); tegula with
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="45" start="start">minute</pageBreakToken>
, scattered punctures; mesoscutellum about as punctate as on mesoscutum. Metanotum impunctate and smooth. Mesepisternum with faint, scattered, larger punctures than on mesoscutum, nearly impunctate anteriorly to omaulus, punctures denser ventrally. Metepisternum more densely punctate than on mesepisternum, punctures separated by a puncture width or less dorsally, punctures sparse ventrally. Propodeum impunctate basally, lateral and posterior surfaces with minute punctures separated by more than two times a puncture width. Metasomal terga with small punctures separated by 1-2 times a puncture width, without distinct
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="46" start="start">depressed</pageBreakToken>
marginal zones; sterna with coarser punctures than on terga, punctures smaller and finer on first sternum.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
Figures 2-4. Photomicrographs of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ctenoplectrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenoplectrella phaeton" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeton">Ctenoplectrella phaeton</taxonomicName>
Gonzalez and Engel, sp. n. (AMNH Ba-JVe-161) in middle Eocene Baltic amber. 2 Dorsal aspect of holotype female 3 Ventral aspect of holotype female 4 Dorsal aspect of paratype female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Color apparently brown, without maculations. Wing membrane hyaline; veins strong and dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Face with minute, appressed, simple setae not obscuring integument. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with scattered, short, simple setae. Mesepisternum with scattered, erect, longer setae (0.5 times median ocellar diameter) than on mesoscutum. Basal area of propodeum without pubescence; lateral and posterior surfaces with minute, sparse setae (integument largely visible among setae). Legs in general with short, scattered, minutely-branched setae (Fig. 3); basitarsi with denser, slightly longer setae than on tibiae; metatibia with scattered, minutely-branched setae (setal length about 1-1.5 times median ocellar diameter). Metasoma with scattered, short (≤ 0.5 times median ocellar diameter), simple, erect to suberect setae on discs; sternal scopa composed of bands of rather sparse, long (2.5-3.0 times median ocellar diameter), erect, simple setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Male: Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
The specific epithet is taken from Phaeton and treated as a noun in apposition. In Greek mythology Phaeton died when he tried to drive the chariot of the sun across the sky.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Phaeton’s">Phaeton's</normalizedToken>
sisters wept and their tears turned to amber.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
The supraclypeus, clypeus, and mandibles are obscured by dense Schimmel (whitish froth of microscopic bubbles resembling mold) in the holotype and by a fracture in the amber piece in the paratype. However, the strong apical tooth and distinct outer ridge of the mandible is barely visible in the holotype, thus suggesting a similar mandibular shape as in other species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Ctenoplectrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenoplectrella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ctenoplectrella</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="9BF1D772A4A19C2B44DC1DD365C68C3D">Further contributions to the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) fauna of New Brunswick and Canada including descriptions of 27 new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="D9E916C3A7E39F51090D91BCE8B6DA87" pageId="49" pageNumber="134">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Staphylinidae</paragraph>
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Figs 234-240
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66FC909AD8D5BE5FF2286348D0CF1F23" pageId="50" pageNumber="135">
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<pageBreakToken id="410B8ACFB23D867C775CF0936925721B" pageId="50" pageNumber="135" start="start">Philhygra</pageBreakToken>
proterminalis
</taxonomicName>
(For diagnosis, see
<bibRefCitation id="C0BFAB1CD37CEEC4CB81A5CB1090614E" author="Brunke, AJ" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="106" pageNumber="191" pagination="119 - 206" title="New species and distributional records of Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Ontario, Canada, with a checklist of recorded species." url="10.3897/zookeys.186.2947" volume="186" year="2012">Brunke et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CFB71F444B9546F0C0AD0638B59200FC" pageId="50" pageNumber="135">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A8C15799222631667EA40566FF4048B" pageId="50" pageNumber="135">
New Brunswick, Queens Co., W of Jemseg near &quot;Trout Creek&quot;,
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,
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, 1.VII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Seasonally flooded marsh, treading vegetation near margin of pool (4 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Burton, near Sunpoke Lake,
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,
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, 3.VII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red oak forest near flooded marsh, in leaf litter (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); Gilbert Island,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="FF66CB0C40E3367F858F9065A9743CEB" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.2954">66.2954°W</geoCoordinate>
, 8-21.VIII.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes, &amp; V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under
<taxonomicName id="C4E7C156E375A999BF26C7019CB00D70" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tilia americana" order="Malvales" pageId="50" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">Tilia americana</taxonomicName>
(1 ♂, AFC). York Co., Charters Settlement,
<geoCoordinate id="BAF2EAC7FBA564B1E55A94BCB38A7FBC" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.834">45.8340°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B94A43106FDFE52115BC2484B6797B57" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.745">66.7450°W</geoCoordinate>
, 29.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature mixed forest, margin of vernal pond among moist leaves (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); Douglas, Currie Mountain,
<geoCoordinate id="FCDFA05C9682CDC2AEFFA2CDFDC439B0" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9844">45.9844°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8EF9F27E3C8AEF0E41D97E7561D4F970" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.7592">66.7592°W</geoCoordinate>
, 3-15.V.2013, C. Alderson &amp; V. Webster // Mixed forest with
<taxonomicName id="30F5370BDBE13A29D8F1CEB906312B78" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus rubra" order="Fagales" pageId="50" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">Quercus rubra</taxonomicName>
, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under
<taxonomicName id="0B49971126AD74ED894A42C2D38F70A8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus rubra" order="Fagales" pageId="50" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">Quercus rubra</taxonomicName>
(1 ♂, RWC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2FC817C12D822A054868347A2835BF2F" pageId="50" pageNumber="135" type="natural history">
<paragraph id="B5220BCB22A61ACBC8190C5CD9836FFF" pageId="50" pageNumber="135">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C893F78F94B5A3670AE53003E053A18" pageId="50" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="CCACFEFB683ECE0E4296F4B75390E16D" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philhygra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philhygra proterminalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proterminalis">Philhygra proterminalis</taxonomicName>
was found in various wetland habitats in NB. Adults were collected by treading vegetation near a vernal pool margin in a seasonally flooded marsh, sifting leaf litter in a red oak forest near a flooded seasonally flooded marsh, and by sifting moist leaves along a vernal pond margin in a mixed forest. Two individuals were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a hardwood and mixed forest.
<bibRefCitation id="80D8D0A80347078EEB29BAD46963704D" author="Brunke, AJ" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="106" pageNumber="191" pagination="119 - 206" title="New species and distributional records of Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Ontario, Canada, with a checklist of recorded species." url="10.3897/zookeys.186.2947" volume="186" year="2012">Brunke et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
reported on specimens from a Lindgren funnel trap and from a madicolous spring in ON. Otherwise, nothing was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. Adults were collected during May, June, July, and August in NB and ON.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46203E3B5B7F1E6AD4B7F38BF39E0E10" pageId="50" pageNumber="135" type="distribution in canada and alaska">
<paragraph id="FA43104F92DA49D3580153C600673C0F" pageId="50" pageNumber="135">Distribution in Canada and Alaska.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DDC07F2A6D82913B64BBAA6E0577D934" pageId="50" pageNumber="135">
ON, NB (
<bibRefCitation id="6E0E3289974D05D4A86BB2DC54D89D66" author="Brunke, AJ" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="106" pageNumber="191" pagination="119 - 206" title="New species and distributional records of Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Ontario, Canada, with a checklist of recorded species." url="10.3897/zookeys.186.2947" volume="186" year="2012">Brunke et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F2E9774F992EF7D1AD10192826C9257E" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="109, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="106" pageNumber="191" title="Checklist of beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Pensoft Series Faunistica No." year="2013">Bousquet et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="468F84BC53CF2F5E2B297A83294B378C" author="Brunke, AJ" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="106" pageNumber="191" pagination="119 - 206" title="New species and distributional records of Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Ontario, Canada, with a checklist of recorded species." url="10.3897/zookeys.186.2947" volume="186" year="2012">Brunke et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
reported this species for the first time for Canada from ON.
</paragraph>
<caption id="59D7BA26904FA26C30226A94464ED859" pageId="50" pageNumber="135">
<paragraph id="3533FE38781F602CFA27C6D591800B32" pageId="50" pageNumber="135">
Figures 234-240.
<taxonomicName id="7792A8B00506AB63AA56E0F98EC954F1" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philhygra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philhygra proterminalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proterminalis">Philhygra proterminalis</taxonomicName>
(Bernhauer): 234 habitus in dorsal view 235 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 236 male tergite VIII 237 male sternite VIII 238 female tergite VIII 239 female sternite VIII 240 female pygydium. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>