Add updates up until 2025-03-14 12:22:13
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data/16/1B/87/161B87CDBA460A20FF54FF38FBD05910.xml
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<document id="7D520BF4EB6865547C359D559419B0A2" ID-CLB-Dataset="53758" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55cb0aa4-25b5-43fc-b545-54697a22b641" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8043342" ID-ZooBank="DE9C1F18-5CEE-4968-9991-075B977966FE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1686836004935" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harbach, Ralph E. & Wilkerson, Richard C." docDate="2023" docId="161B87CDBA460A20FF54FF38FBD05910" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5303.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5303 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Toxorhynchites (Lynchiella) haemorrhoidalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="EA22FFB5BA330A57FFC3FFAFFF915A05" masterDocTitle="The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="118" updateTime="1741954708691" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods id="45C301806039A1330CE1A4BD5F2B3B21" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="48C18094EC58C01C202B806ADFE0B38F">
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<mods:title id="9DF91256B91054133AC31095F3A9536D">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="710BF0606B3AB73D4916346C3F6A10A0">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F73BD6BDEAF7862E444F637C2A8F2F18" type="email">r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DE0E4D52DBE764E9A6AE442BDAAB4843">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="015CA289C5EF628629738915B987B394" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6366-1357</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EB9D50923A986DD4AB4A96B1C99995FF" type="email">wilkersonr@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="AE8BEF6B5AEAB686D55894D779334D1D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="61E4C76D6C1A0952F792D5A6B8CEE7F7">
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<mods:date id="B18ABBA38CE6F14AFBAC0CE9F52499EC">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3634A66745733490BEF896C006DB9080">2023-06-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B0D29C175BFA0ED84F86DA519AE16DED" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="01D17420540FF2E6BB69ED510937C153">5303</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A2765ADD2A8BA6B49E92CB4FC9EFD876">http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8C3DFBC4334CDC8A65E254219BC7848D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AA795ABDA4EB88FBD9DFAC221E8958DC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA460A20FF54FF38FBD05910" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8057051" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8057051" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA460A20FF54FF38FBD05910" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA460A20FF54FF38FBD05910" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" scope_family="Culicidae" scope_order="Diptera">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA460A22FF54FF38FCDF5AB4" box="[151,846,151,178]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA460A22FF54FF38FCDF5AB4" blockId="117.[151,846,151,178]" box="[151,846,151,178]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
<heading id="C54581B7BA460A22FF54FF38FCDF5AB4" bold="true" box="[151,846,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FF54FF38FCDF5AB4" ID-CoL="8FGQR" ID-ENA="2007225" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[151,846,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis" subGenus="Lynchiella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FF54FF38FCDF5AB4" bold="true" box="[151,846,151,178]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FF54FF38FEC05AB7" bold="true" box="[151,337,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Toxorhynchites</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FEA0FF38FE725AB7" bold="true" box="[355,483,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Lynchiella</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FE30FF38FD2A5AB7" bold="true" box="[499,699,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fabricius)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA460A22FF54FF73FC405BCF" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA460A22FF54FF73FE795B34" blockId="117.[151,1437,219,458]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FECAFF74FDF75AF1" ID-CoL="8FGQR" authority="(Fabricius, 1787)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[265,614,219,244]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FECAFF74FE275AF6" bold="true" box="[265,438,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FE01FF73FDCE5AF1" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[450,607,220,244]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref155314" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum, sistens eorum species nuper detectas: adjectis synonymis, observationibus, descriptionibus, emendationibus. Vol. 2. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [Copenhagen], 382 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36471" type="book" year="1787">Fabricius, 1787</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
—original combination:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FCA2FF73FBD85AF1" ID-CoL="8BNG3" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[865,1097,220,244]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FCA2FF73FBD85AF1" box="[865,1097,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Culex haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Distribution:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FB18FF73FAD25AF1" box="[1243,1347,220,244]" name="Argentina" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FA88FF73FA095AF1" box="[1355,1432,220,244]" name="Bolivia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FF04FF55FE965B17" box="[199,263,250,274]" name="Brazil" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FED1FF55FEE85B17" box="[274,377,250,274]" name="Colombia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FE40FF55FE485B17" box="[387,473,250,274]" name="Ecuador" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, French Guiana,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FD45FF55FD465B17" box="[646,727,250,274]" name="Guyana" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FD21FF54FCD05B16" box="[738,833,251,275]" name="Paraguay" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FC8FFF54FCEC5B17" box="[844,893,251,274]" name="Peru" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FC44FF55FC7A5B17" box="[903,1003,250,274]" name="Suriname" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FC36FF55FB5A5B17" box="[1013,1227,250,274]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FB16FF55FAAC5B17" box="[1237,1341,250,274]" name="Venezuela" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(updated from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FF3CFEB6FE4C5B34" author="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A." box="[255,477,281,305]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight & Stone 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA460A22FF54FE97FB555B6B" blockId="117.[151,1437,219,458]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FECAFE97FD175B55" authority="(Lynch Arribalzaga, 1891 b)" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[265,646,312,336]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FECAFE97FEFC5B4A" bold="true" box="[265,365,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FEB9FE97FD115B55" author="Lynch Arribalzaga, F." box="[378,640,312,336]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="131 - 174" refId="ref166954" refString="Lynch Arribalzaga, F. (1891 b) Dipterologia argentine. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 2, 131 - 174, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1891">Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
—original combination:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FC47FE97FB145B4A" authorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1891" box="[900,1157,312,336]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Megarhina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FC47FE97FC655B55" box="[900,1012,312,336]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Megarhina</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FBC1FE97FB8F5B4A" box="[1026,1054,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">sic</emphasis>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FBEFFE97FB145B4A" box="[1068,1157,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(subspecific status by Lane 1951). Distribution:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FE56FEF9FE6C5B6B" box="[405,509,342,366]" name="Argentina" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FDC4FEF9FDC55B6B" box="[519,596,342,366]" name="Bolivia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FD9DFEF9FD0F5B6B" box="[606,670,342,366]" name="Brazil" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FD6AFEF8FC965B6A" box="[681,775,343,367]" name="Paraguay" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FCD7FEF9FC625B6B" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[788,1011,342,366]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||||
Wilkerson
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FC46FEF8FC205B6B" box="[901,945,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FC3EFEF9FBF45B6B" box="[1021,1125,342,366]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||||
deleted).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA460A22FF54FEDAFC405BCF" blockId="117.[151,1437,219,458]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FEC8FEDBFEF85B89" ID-CoL="8FGR4" baseAuthorityName="Dyar & Knab" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[267,361,372,396]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FEC8FEDBFEF85B89" bold="true" box="[267,361,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FEBBFEDAFDC05B88" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[376,593,373,397]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="241 - 258" refId="ref152580" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906 a) The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48 (3), 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1906">Dyar & Knab, 1906a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)—original combination:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FC94FEDAFBA55B88" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[855,1076,373,397]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FC94FEDAFBA55B88" box="[855,1076,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Megarhinus superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(subspecific status by Lane 1951). Distribution:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FE92FE3BFE055BA9" box="[337,404,404,428]" name="Belize" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FE62FE3BFD995BA9" box="[417,520,404,428]" name="Colombia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FDD7FE3BFD195BA9" box="[532,648,404,428]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FD57FE3BFD5D5BA9" box="[660,716,404,428]" name="Cuba" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FD1AFE3BFCBE5BA9" box="[729,815,404,428]" name="Ecuador" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, French Guiana,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FC20FE3BFBC25BA9" box="[995,1107,404,428]" name="Guatemala" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FBA3FE3BFB545BA9" box="[1120,1221,404,428]" name="Honduras" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FB12FE3BFAB05BA9" box="[1233,1313,404,428]" name="Mexico" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FAEDFE3BFA085BA9" box="[1326,1433,404,428]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FF04FE1CFE8B5BCF" box="[199,282,435,458]" name="Panama" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FEE7FE1DFE195BCF" box="[292,392,434,458]" name="Suriname" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FE52FE1DFDF75BCF" box="[401,614,434,458]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FDB3FE1DFD495BCF" box="[624,728,434,458]" name="Venezuela" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FD26FE1DFC575BCF" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[741,966,434,458]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||||
Wilkerson
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FC95FE1CFC125BCF" box="[854,899,434,458]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA460A20FF54FE57FBD05910" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA460A22FF54FE57FB675E0F" blockId="117.[151,1437,504,1647]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
The taxonomic history of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FE06FE56FD3D5817" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[453,684,504,531]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FE06FE56FE705817" box="[453,481,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Tx</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FE31FE57FD3D5817" box="[498,684,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
involves four nominal species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FBDDFE57FF435832" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FBDDFE57FAB25817" box="[1054,1315,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Culex haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FAEEFE57FF435832" author="Fabricius, J. C." pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref155314" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum, sistens eorum species nuper detectas: adjectis synonymis, observationibus, descriptionibus, emendationibus. Vol. 2. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [Copenhagen], 382 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36471" type="book" year="1787">Fabricius, 1787</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FF23FDB3FD6D5833" authority="Lynch Arribalzaga, 1891 b" authorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1891" box="[224,764,540,566]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Megarhina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FF23FDB3FE565833" box="[224,455,540,566]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Megarhina separata</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FE12FDB3FD6D5833" author="Lynch Arribalzaga, F." box="[465,764,540,566]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="131 - 174" refId="ref166954" refString="Lynch Arribalzaga, F. (1891 b) Dipterologia argentine. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 2, 131 - 174, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1891">Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FCC9FDB3FB4B5833" authority="Dyar & Knab, 1906 a" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[778,1242,540,567]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FCC9FDB3FC4F5833" box="[778,990,540,566]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Megarhinus lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FC2BFDB2FB4B5833" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[1000,1242,540,567]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="241 - 258" refId="ref152580" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906 a) The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48 (3), 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1906">Dyar & Knab, 1906a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FAD6FDB3FE6C585F" authority="Dyar & Knab, 1906 a" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FAD6FDB3FF6D585F" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Megarhinus superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FEC5FDEEFE6C585F" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[262,509,576,603]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="241 - 258" refId="ref152580" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906 a) The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48 (3), 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1906">Dyar & Knab, 1906a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FDC8FDEFFD62585F" authorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1891" box="[523,755,576,602]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Megarhina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FDC8FDEFFD62585F" box="[523,755,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Megarhina separata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was considered a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FB9DFDEFFA89585F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1118,1304,576,602]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FB9DFDEFFA89585F" box="[1118,1304,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as early as
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FF54FDCAFE1A587A" author="Lutz, A. & Neiva, A." box="[151,395,612,639]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="129 - 141" refId="ref166876" refString="Lutz, A. & Neiva, A. (1913) Contribuicies para a biolojia das megarininas com descricies de duas especies novas. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 5 (2), 129 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761913000200003" type="journal article" year="1913">Lutz & Neiva (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FE55FDCAFDB0587A" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[406,545,613,639]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref152545" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Publication No. 387. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
followed earlier workers in recognizing
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FC30FDCBFB57587B" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1011,1222,612,638]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FC30FDCBFB57587B" box="[1011,1222,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Megarhinus lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a valid species; it was regarded as a questionable synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FD70FD27FCFC58A7" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[691,877,648,674]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FD70FD27FCFC58A7" box="[691,877,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FC5EFD27FBF158A6" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[925,1120,648,675]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref154128" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932 a) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles [Brussels], 258 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1932">Edwards (1932a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and formally synonymized with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FF12FD02FEAF58C3" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[209,318,685,710]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FF12FD02FEAF58C3" box="[209,318,685,710]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FEA9FD02FE6958C2" author="Lane, J." box="[362,504,685,711]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref163754" refString="Lane, J. (1939) Catalogo dos mosquitos neotropicos. Boletim Biologico Serie Monografica, 1, i - xi + 1 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 97955" type="journal article" year="1939">Lane (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Five years later,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FD02FD02FCDD58C2" author="Lane, J." box="[705,844,685,711]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="172 - 190" refId="ref163795" refString="Lane, J. (1944) A tribo Megarhinini no Brasil Meridional. Revista de Entomologia, 15 (1 - 2), 172 - 190." type="journal article" year="1944">Lane (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
treated
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FC6AFD03FBF258C3" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[937,1123,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FC6AFD03FBF258C3" box="[937,1123,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FBB1FD02FB4E58C3" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1138,1247,685,710]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FBB1FD02FB4E58C3" box="[1138,1247,685,710]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FADBFD03FAEC58C3" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1304,1405,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FADBFD03FAEC58C3" box="[1304,1405,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as separate species; however, he distinguished the last two based only on distribution:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FBF2FD7FFB0758EF" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1073,1174,720,746]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FBF2FD7FFB0758EF" box="[1073,1174,720,746]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Central America and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FF54FD5AFE95590B" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[151,260,757,782]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FF54FD5AFE95590B" box="[151,260,757,782]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FEE4FD5BFE0B590B" box="[295,410,756,782]" name="Argentina" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. It seems Lane (1951), without explanation, was unable to further support the specific rank of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FF76FCB6FEB35937" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[181,290,793,818]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FF76FCB6FEB35937" box="[181,290,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FE94FCB7FE2D5937" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[343,444,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FE94FCB7FE2D5937" box="[343,444,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and reduced them to subspecies of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FC85FCB7FB915937" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[838,1024,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FC85FCB7FB915937" box="[838,1024,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FBCEFCB6FB095936" author="Lane, J." box="[1037,1176,792,819]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref163856" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in accordance with his earlier interpretation, distinguished the two subspecies based only on distribution, and stated in a note that “We have placed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FF24FCCEFEF6597F" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[231,359,864,890]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FF24FCCEFEF6597F" box="[231,359,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">T. superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FE5DFCCEFDB7597F" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[414,550,865,890]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FE5DFCCEFDB7597F" box="[414,550,865,890]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">T. separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as subspecies of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FD2BFCCEFC2C597F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[744,957,864,890]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FD2BFCCEFC2C597F" box="[744,957,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">T. haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Such a course taken by us is strengthened by the fact that the zoogeographical distribution of the three forms is quite distinct.” This is not clear, but we believe Lane intended to say that the distributions of each of the three forms are distinct from one another. Except for
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FA92FC06FF7559E2" author="Vargas, L." pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="308 - 315" refId="ref183854" refString="Vargas, L. (1953) Megarhinus de Norteamerica (Diptera: Culicidae). Memorias Congresso Ciencias Mexico), Ciencias biologicas: Zoologiea, 7, 308 - 315." type="journal article" year="1953">Vargas (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who either disagreed with or was unaware of Lane (1951, 1953) and recognized
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FB48FC63FB6159E3" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1163,1264,972,998]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FB48FC63FB6159E3" box="[1163,1264,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a species in Central America,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FE9EFC5EFE5B5E0F" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[349,458,1009,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FE9EFC5EFE5B5E0F" box="[349,458,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FDC2FC5FFDF75E0F" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[513,614,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FDC2FC5FFDF75E0F" box="[513,614,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have continued to be recognized as subspecies to this day.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA460A22FF04FBBAFA105C23" blockId="117.[151,1437,504,1647]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FF04FBBAFE2D5E2B" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[199,444,1044,1071]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="241 - 258" refId="ref152580" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906 a) The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48 (3), 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1906">Dyar & Knab (1906a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in a discussion explaining why they gave the new name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FBECFBBBFBE25E2B" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1071,1139,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FBECFBBBFBE25E2B" box="[1071,1139,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to the species in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FAEEFBBBFA0D5E2B" box="[1325,1436,1044,1070]" name="Argentina" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
previously identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FE75FB97FDE15E57" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[438,624,1080,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FE75FB97FDE15E57" box="[438,624,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FD65FB97FC735E57" author="Lynch Arribalzaga, F." box="[678,994,1080,1106]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="131 - 174" refId="ref166954" refString="Lynch Arribalzaga, F. (1891 b) Dipterologia argentine. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 2, 131 - 174, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1891">Lynch Arribálzaga (1891b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FC30FB97FB525E56" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1011,1219,1080,1107]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald (1901a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FB16FB97FAF65E56" author="Giles, G. M." box="[1237,1383,1080,1107]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref156626" refString="Giles, G. M. (1902) A handbook of the gnats or mosquitoes giving the anatomy and life history of the Culicidae together with descriptions of all species noticed up to the present date. 2 nd Edition. John Bale, Sons & Danielsson, Ltd., London, xi + (1) + 530 pp., 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8549" type="book" year="1902">Giles (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FF54FBF3FECA5E72" author="Blanchard, R." box="[151,347,1116,1143]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref145575" refString="Blanchard, R. (1905) Les moustiques, histoire naturelle et medicale. F. R. de Rudeval, Imprimeur-Editeur, Paris, xiii + 673 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100899" type="book" year="1905">Blanchard (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, stated that “Great confusion has been caused by basing the diagnosis on the tarsal markings without reference to sex. We find that when the sexual differences are considered the tarsal markings are a useful guide in the diagnosis of the species and are a much more constant character than has been supposed.” It is noteworthy that Dyar & Knab treated
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FE53FB66FE6C5EE7" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[400,509,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FE53FB66FE6C5EE7" box="[400,509,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, also originally described from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FCABFB67FC4B5EE7" box="[872,986,1224,1250]" name="Argentina" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, as a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FB69FB67FAF55EE7" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1194,1380,1224,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FB69FB67FAF55EE7" box="[1194,1380,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FECAFB43FEFF5F03" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[265,366,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FECAFB43FEFF5F03" box="[265,366,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a new species based on specimens from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FC8CFB43FC3F5F03" box="[847,942,1260,1286]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FC27FB43FBAC5F03" box="[996,1085,1260,1286]" name="Mexico" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Their concept of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FAC7FB43FAF85F03" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1284,1385,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FAC7FB43FAF85F03" box="[1284,1385,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also included the identification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FE27FABFFD0F5F2F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[484,670,1296,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FE27FABFFD0F5F2F" box="[484,670,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by Williston (1900) based on specimens from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FB6EFABFFB7A5F2F" box="[1197,1259,1296,1322]" name="Cuba" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, French Guiana and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FF04FA9BFE8E5F4B" box="[199,287,1332,1358]" name="Mexico" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, as well as the identification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FD44FA9BFCEE5F4B" box="[647,895,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FD44FA9BFCEE5F4B" box="[647,895,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Megarhinus violaceus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FC69FA9AFB335F4B" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[938,1186,1332,1359]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="241 - 258" refId="ref152580" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906 a) The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48 (3), 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1906">Dyar & Knab (1906a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FB19FA9BFA0D5F4B" author="Coquillett, D. W." box="[1242,1436,1332,1358]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref149182" refString="Coquillett, D. W. (1906) A classification of the mosquitoes of North and Middle America. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Technical Series, 11, 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 87519" type="journal article" year="1906">Coquillett (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based on specimens collected in Central America.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FD1BFAF6FCF25F76" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[728,867,1369,1395]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref152545" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Publication No. 387. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
subsequently separated
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FBB9FAF7FB2F5F77" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1146,1214,1368,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FBB9FAF7FB2F5F77" box="[1146,1214,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FB3BFAF7FACC5F77" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1272,1373,1368,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FB3BFAF7FACC5F77" box="[1272,1373,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FF54FAD3FEC05F93" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[151,337,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FF54FAD3FEC05F93" box="[151,337,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the presence or absence of a basal pale band on hindtarsomere 2, present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FB21FAD3FA0D5F93" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1250,1436,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FB21FAD3FA0D5F93" box="[1250,1436,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and absent in the other two. He distinguished
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FD4DFA0FFD435FBF" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[654,722,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FD4DFA0FFD435FBF" box="[654,722,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FCC4FA0FFCFD5FBF" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[775,876,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FCC4FA0FFCFD5FBF" box="[775,876,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on environmental location:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FB2BFA0FFADC5FBF" authority="From" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1256,1357,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FB2BFA0FFADC5FBF" box="[1256,1357,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
“From the northern edge of the tropics” and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FDEFFA6BFDE15FDB" authority="From" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[556,624,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FDEFFA6BFDE15FDB" box="[556,624,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
“From the southern edge of the tropics”. These distinctions were restated, using slightly different terminology, by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FD90FA46FD475C06" author="Lane, J." box="[595,726,1513,1539]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="172 - 190" refId="ref163795" refString="Lane, J. (1944) A tribo Megarhinini no Brasil Meridional. Revista de Entomologia, 15 (1 - 2), 172 - 190." type="journal article" year="1944">Lane (1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FD22FA47FC8D5C06" author="Lane, J." box="[737,796,1512,1539]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" refId="ref163856" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp." type="book" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), an indication that he either accepted the observations of Dyar without further study or he was unable to find additional characters to distinguish the three nominal forms.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA460A22FF04F99EFD7F5C6A" blockId="117.[151,1437,504,1647]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
In his treatment of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FE09F99FFDE55C4F" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[458,628,1584,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FE09F99FFDE55C4F" box="[458,628,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Toxorhynchites</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FD67F99FFCBA5C4F" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1827" box="[676,811,1584,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FD67F99FFCBA5C4F" box="[676,811,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Megarhinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) of “
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FCA6F99FFC3B5C4F" box="[869,938,1584,1610]" name="Brazil" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Meridional” (southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA460A22FB76F99FFB6F5C4F" box="[1205,1278,1584,1610]" name="Brazil" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA460A22FAD1F99EFA0D5C4E" author="Lane, J." box="[1298,1436,1585,1611]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="172 - 190" refId="ref163795" refString="Lane, J. (1944) A tribo Megarhinini no Brasil Meridional. Revista de Entomologia, 15 (1 - 2), 172 - 190." type="journal article" year="1944">Lane (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated the following (translated from the Portuguese).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA460A22FF34F930FDFA5D27" blockId="117.[199,1384,1694,1898]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
It is very interesting to note that, while this species [
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FCDEF931FC545CB3" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[797,965,1694,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FCDEF931FC545CB3" box="[797,965,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
] occurs in the Guianas and the Amazon Valley, the two related species are found, one in the North (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FCFAF96DFC055CDF" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[825,916,1730,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FCFAF96DFC055CDF" box="[825,916,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and the other in the South (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FB05F96CFAB85CDF" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1222,1321,1731,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FB05F96CFAB85CDF" box="[1222,1321,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The distinguishing characteristics of these three species reside in the development of the abdominal tufts of the males and in the marking of the tarsi of the females.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA460A22FF34F880FB855D6F" blockId="117.[199,1384,1694,1898]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
We think it very likely that they represent a single species and that both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FC7AF881FB855D43" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[953,1044,1838,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FC7AF881FB855D43" box="[953,1044,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FB80F880FB375D43" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1091,1190,1839,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FB80F880FB375D43" box="[1091,1190,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are just geographic forms. A definitive solution of this case is impossible for us due to lack of material.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA460A21FF04F837FDFE58A3" blockId="117.[151,1437,1944,2043]" lastBlockId="118.[151,1437,151,2037]" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
The available descriptions of the leg markings of both sexes are confusing and lack explicit detail, but it appears that they are the same in all four nominal forms except for hindtarsomere 2 of females, which is pale basally in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FF54F84FFEC05DFF" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[151,337,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FF54F84FFEC05DFF" box="[151,337,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and completely dark-scaled in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FD79F84FFD6F5DFF" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[698,766,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FD79F84FFD6F5DFF" box="[698,766,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FCCDF84EFCEA5DFF" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[782,891,2017,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FCCDF84EFCEA5DFF" box="[782,891,2017,2042]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA460A22FC75F84FFB8A5DFF" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[950,1051,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA460A22FC75F84FFB8A5DFF" box="[950,1051,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The lateral tufts on the posterior abdominal segments of males are said to be more strongly developed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FC00FF38FBEC5AB4" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[963,1149,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FC00FF38FBEC5AB4" box="[963,1149,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
than they are in the other three nominal forms, but the degree of development has not been made explicit.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FBF1FF14FABC5AD0" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[1074,1325,187,213]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="241 - 258" refId="ref152580" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906 a) The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48 (3), 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1906">Dyar & Knab (1906a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
indicated that strictly red tufts are only present on abdominal segment VII in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FCBCFF70FC755AFC" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[895,996,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FCBCFF70FC755AFC" box="[895,996,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but are present on segments VI and VII in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FF75FEACFEE15B18" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[182,368,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FF75FEACFEE15B18" box="[182,368,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FE69FEACFE7F5B18" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[426,494,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FE69FEACFE7F5B18" box="[426,494,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In contrast,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FD45FEACFC805B18" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[646,785,259,285]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref152545" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Publication No. 387. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that the male of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FBE2FEACFB4A5B18" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1057,1243,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FBE2FEACFB4A5B18" box="[1057,1243,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has “Abdominal red tufts on the last four segments”, and this is quoted verbatim by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FC52FE88FBB15B44" author="Lane, J." box="[913,1056,294,321]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref163856" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. In their identification keys,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FAA7FE88FF735B61" author="Dyar, H. G." pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref152545" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Publication No. 387. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FED6FEE4FE0C5B60" author="Lane, J." box="[277,413,330,357]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref163856" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
merely indicated that the “abdominal red tufts [are] well developed” in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FB77FEE5FAFF5B61" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1204,1390,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FB77FEE5FAFF5B61" box="[1204,1390,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and are “less developed” in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FE62FEC1FE745B8D" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[417,485,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FE62FEC1FE745B8D" box="[417,485,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FE35FEC0FDF25B8D" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[502,611,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FE35FEC0FDF25B8D" box="[502,611,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
of Lane) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FD3CFEC1FCF55B8D" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[767,868,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FD3CFEC1FCF55B8D" box="[767,868,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It is interesting to note that
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FB65FEC1FA0D5B8D" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[1190,1436,366,392]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="241 - 258" refId="ref152580" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906 a) The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48 (3), 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1906">Dyar & Knab (1906a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
distinguished the males of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FE7CFE3DFDE85BA9" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[447,633,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FE7CFE3DFDE85BA9" box="[447,633,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FD6DFE3DFD635BA9" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[686,754,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FD6DFE3DFD635BA9" box="[686,754,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the length of “segments 3 and 4” [palpomeres 3 and 4] of the maxillary palpus—equal in length in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FD66FE1AFCCE5BCA" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[677,863,437,463]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FD66FE1AFCCE5BCA" box="[677,863,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and 3 longer than
|
||||
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA450A21FBF7FE1AFBF15BCA" box="[1076,1120,437,463]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FBA4FE1AFB3A5BCA" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1127,1195,437,463]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FBA4FE1AFB3A5BCA" box="[1127,1195,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Considering what is now known about the development of the maxillary palpus of mosquitoes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FC1BFE76FA915BF6" author="Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J." box="[984,1280,473,499]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="327 - 370" refId="ref158896" refString="Harbach, R. E. & Kitching, I. J. (1998) Phylogeny and classification of the Culicidae (Diptera). Systematic Entomology, 23 (4), 327 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.1998.00072. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Harbach & Kitching 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), “segments 3 and 4” are actually palpomeres 4 and 5. Oddly, this character was not mentioned in later works, and the descriptions of the maxillary palpi provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FDE2FD8EFD3A583E" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[545,683,545,571]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref152545" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Publication No. 387. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FD20FD8EFCFC583E" author="Lane, J." box="[739,877,544,571]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref163856" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
are ambiguous. Dyar stated that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FB21FD8FFA0D583F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1250,1436,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FB21FD8FFA0D583F" box="[1250,1436,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has “Palpi with the third joint long and pointed” (quoted verbatim by Lane), which surely must refer to the terminal palpomere, and Lane added that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FDDBFDC7FDEC5887" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[536,637,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FDDBFDC7FDEC5887" box="[536,637,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has the “Last palpal segment long and acuminate” and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FAD1FDC6FAEE5887" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1298,1407,617,642]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FAD1FDC6FAEE5887" box="[1298,1407,617,642]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is “Similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FED9FD22FDCA58A3" box="[282,603,652,678]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="haemorrhoidalis" subSpecies="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FED9FD22FDCA58A3" box="[282,603,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">T. haemorrhoidalis superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.”
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA450A21FF04FD1FFA11595C" blockId="118.[151,1437,151,2037]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||||
As revealed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FEACFD00FDF158CF" author="da Costa Lima, A." box="[367,608,687,714]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="307 - 315" refId="ref149726" refString="da Costa Lima, A. (1931) Sobre as especies de Megarhinus do Brasil (Diptera: Culicidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 25 (4), 307 - 315, 2 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761931000400002" type="journal article" year="1931">
|
||||
da
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA450A21FE4DFD1FFE5F58CF" box="[398,462,688,714]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA450A21FE10FD00FD9F58CC" box="[467,526,687,713]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(1931)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FDAAFD1FFD6158CF" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[617,752,688,714]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref152545" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Publication No. 387. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
failed to notice that
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FC0FFD00FBF658CF" author="Goeldi, E. A." box="[972,1127,687,714]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref157173" refString="Goeldi, E. A. (1905) Os mosquitos no Para: Reuniao de quatro trabalhos sobre os mosquitos indigenas, principalmente as especies que molestam o homem. Memorias do Museu Goeldi (Museu Paraense) de Historia Natural e Ethnographia IV. C. Wiegandt, Para, 154 pp., 21 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8538" type="book" year="1905">Goeldi (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
had described the egg, larva and pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FEE3FD7BFE1C58E8" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[288,397,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FEE3FD7BFE1C58E8" box="[288,397,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and provided a color illustration of the adult male. It is interesting to note that hindtarsomere 2 is pale basally in the male illustrated by Goeldi, indicating that the species he described is not
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FB0FFD57FAA85914" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1228,1337,760,785]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FB0FFD57FAA85914" box="[1228,1337,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, nor any of the other three nominal forms under discussion here, all of which have hindtarsomere 2 completely dark-scaled.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FF54FC90FEBE595C" author="Seguy, E." box="[151,303,830,857]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 609" refId="ref177444" refString="Seguy, E. (1950) La biologie des Dipteres. Encyclopedie entomologique, Serie A, 26, 1 - 609, 10 pls." type="journal article" year="1950">Séguy (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided a similar color illustration, which seems to correctly depict the male of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FB7CFC91FAE8595D" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1215,1401,830,856]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FB7CFC91FAE8595D" box="[1215,1401,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA450A21FF04FCCDFC325F75" blockId="118.[151,1437,151,2037]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||||
The larva and pupa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FE13FCCCFDAC5979" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[464,573,867,892]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FE13FCCCFDAC5979" box="[464,573,867,892]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were briefly described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FCB6FCCDFB1B5978" author="Forattini, O. P. & Lane, J." box="[885,1162,866,893]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="57 - 59" refId="ref155740" refString="Forattini, O. P. & Lane, J. (1952) Sobre Toxorhynchites haemorrhoidalis separatus Arribalzaga, 1891. Arquivos da Faculdade de Higiene e Saude Publica, 6 (1 - 2), 57 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2358 - 792 X. v 6 i 1 - 2 p 57 - 58" type="journal article" year="1952">Forattini & Lane (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based on a single larva captured in the Serra do Diabo region in the western area of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA450A21FC84FC29FC6859A5" box="[839,1017,902,928]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
|
||||
in southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA450A21FB44FC29FB5A59A5" box="[1159,1227,902,928]" name="Brazil" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
that was reared to an adult. The sex of the adult was not mentioned, but it is presumed to have been a female otherwise the specimen could not have been identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FDD4FC61FD1559E2" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[535,644,974,999]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FDD4FC61FD1559E2" box="[535,644,974,999]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The descriptions (in Portuguese) were repeated (in English) by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FAA7FC61FF775E09" author="Lane, J." pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref163856" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FF33FC5DFEEB5E0E" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[240,378,1009,1036]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref152545" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Publication No. 387. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FE71FC5DFDAD5E09" author="Lane, J." box="[434,572,1009,1036]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref163856" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided brief descriptions of the larva of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FBE3FC5DFB1C5E0E" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1056,1165,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FBE3FC5DFB1C5E0E" box="[1056,1165,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Their descriptions lack comparable information except the former author reported that the siphon is “over four times as long as wide” whereas the latter author described the siphon as being “three and a half times basal width.”
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FB1BFB96FAF45E56" author="Lane, J." box="[1240,1381,1080,1107]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref163856" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also provided brief descriptions of the larva and pupa of the nominotypical form. He unintelligibly characterized the larval siphon as “slightly more than one time as broad as wide.” However, judging from his illustration of the terminal abdominal segments, he obviously meant to say the siphon is slightly longer than broad.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FB35FB0BFA065EBA" author="Vargas, L." box="[1270,1431,1188,1215]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="308 - 315" refId="ref183854" refString="Vargas, L. (1953) Megarhinus de Norteamerica (Diptera: Culicidae). Memorias Congresso Ciencias Mexico), Ciencias biologicas: Zoologiea, 7, 308 - 315." type="journal article" year="1953">
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA450A21FB35FB0BFAD35EBB" box="[1270,1346,1188,1214]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Vargas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(1953)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in a key for the identification of larvae of species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FD21FB68FC1D5EE4" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[738,908,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FD21FB68FC1D5EE4" box="[738,908,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Toxorhynchites</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FC79FB68FBD05EE4" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1827" box="[954,1089,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FC79FB68FBD05EE4" box="[954,1089,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Megarhinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) known to occur in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA450A21FAE1FB68FA095EE4" box="[1314,1432,1223,1249]" name="Venezuela" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, characterized the larval siphon of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FDCEFB44FDE35F00" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[525,626,1259,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FDCEFB44FDE35F00" box="[525,626,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as being twice as long as the saddle of segment X (transliterated from the Spanish). In comparison,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FE76FAA0FDAF5F2F" author="Lane, J." box="[437,574,1295,1322]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref163856" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the length of the siphon of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FC22FAA0FBD75F2C" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[993,1094,1295,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FC22FAA0FBD75F2C" box="[993,1094,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as being “two and a half times greatest width.” Although these authors expressed siphon length in different ways, the degree of actual difference seems to be greater than expected for individuals of the same species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA450A20FF04FAD5FACA5B8C" blockId="118.[151,1437,151,2037]" lastBlockId="119.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||||
The subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FEA5FAD5FDE65F91" authority="Lahille, 1904" authorityName="Lahille" authorityYear="1904" box="[358,631,1402,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lynchiella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FEA5FAD5FE4A5F91" box="[358,475,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Lynchiella</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FE23FAD5FDE65F91" author="Lahille, F." box="[480,631,1402,1428]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="71 - 96" refId="ref163504" refString="Lahille, F. (1904) Notes sur la classification des moustiques. Actas y Trabajos del Segundo Congreso Medico Latino-Americano, Buenos Aires, 2, 71 - 96." type="journal article" year="1904">Lahille, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, to which
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FD26FAD5FC0E5F91" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[741,927,1402,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FD26FAD5FC0E5F91" box="[741,927,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and 16 other species belong, is predominantly Neotropical, with an extension into eastern areas of the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA450A21FCEBFA31FC535FBD" box="[808,962,1438,1464]" name="United States of America" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and southeastern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA450A21FB55FA31FB7B5FBD" box="[1174,1258,1438,1464]" name="Canada" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
represented by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FF54FA6DFE755FDE" authority="(Coquillett, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,484,1473,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FF54FA6DFE9F5FD9" box="[151,270,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Tx. rutilus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Coquillett, 1896)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see below). For the most part, the current taxonomy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FB40FA6DFB695FD9" authorityName="Lahille" authorityYear="1904" box="[1155,1272,1474,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lynchiella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FB40FA6DFB695FD9" box="[1155,1272,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Lynchiella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
dates back to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FF54FA49FEB35C05" author="Lane, J." box="[151,290,1509,1536]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref163856" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vols. I & II. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1112 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FE9FFA49FE6E5C05" author="Vargas, L." box="[348,511,1509,1536]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="308 - 315" refId="ref183854" refString="Vargas, L. (1953) Megarhinus de Norteamerica (Diptera: Culicidae). Memorias Congresso Ciencias Mexico), Ciencias biologicas: Zoologiea, 7, 308 - 315." type="journal article" year="1953">Vargas (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Their studies were based almost entirely on adult mosquitoes, and the immature stages, as noted above, were described very superficially. With the exception of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FBFEF9A5FAFA5C26" authority="Belkin, 1977" authorityName="Belkin" authorityYear="1977" box="[1085,1387,1545,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerbergi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FBFEF9A5FB5B5C26" box="[1085,1226,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Tx. gerbergi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FB17F9A6FAFA5C26" author="Belkin, J. N." box="[1236,1387,1545,1571]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="329 - 332" refId="ref144959" refString="Belkin, J. N. (1977) Toxorhynchites (Lyn.) gerbergi, a new species from the southern Lesser Antilles. Mosquito Systematics, 9 (3), 329 - 332." type="journal article" year="1977">Belkin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FABAF9A5FED45C42" baseAuthorityName="Dyar & Knab" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guadeloupensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FABAF9A5FED45C42" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Tx. guadeloupensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FE97F982FDD55C42" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[340,580,1581,1607]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="241 - 258" refId="ref152580" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906 a) The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48 (3), 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1906">Dyar & Knab, 1906a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FD40F981FCD05C42" baseAuthorityName="Roeder" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[643,833,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portoricensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FD40F981FCD05C42" box="[643,833,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Tx. portoricensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(von R̂der, 1885), the larva and pupa of which were fully described and illustrated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FDDEF9FFFD2F5C6E" author="Belkin, J. N." box="[541,702,1616,1643]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="329 - 332" refId="ref144959" refString="Belkin, J. N. (1977) Toxorhynchites (Lyn.) gerbergi, a new species from the southern Lesser Antilles. Mosquito Systematics, 9 (3), 329 - 332." type="journal article" year="1977">Belkin (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FD0FF9FFFC225C6E" author="Augier, L. M. & Dantur Juri, M. J. & Molina, G. A." box="[716,947,1616,1643]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="99 - 106" refId="ref143454" refString="Augier, L. M., Dantur Juri, M. J. & Molina, G. A. (2003) Redescripcion de la larva y la pupa de Toxorhynchites (Lynchiella) guadeloupensis (Diptera: Culicidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 62 (1 - 2), 99 - 106." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||||
Augier
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FCE0F9FEFCC65C6F" box="[803,855,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2003)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FC2CF9FFFB445C6E" author="Belkin, J. N. & Heinemann, S. J. & Page, W. A." box="[1007,1237,1616,1643]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref145066" refString="Belkin, J. N., Heinemann, S. J. & Page, W. A. (1970) The Culicidae of Jamaica (Mosquito studies. XXI). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 6 (1), 1 - 458." type="journal article" year="1970">
|
||||
Belkin
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FB80F9FEFBE65C6F" box="[1091,1143,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (1970)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, respectively, the complete larval and pupal chaetotaxy has not been studied for any other species of the subgenus. As noted by Belkin
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FF29F936FE8D5CB7" box="[234,284,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FEF2F937FE4A5CB7" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[305,475,1688,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FEF2F937FE4A5CB7" box="[305,475,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Toxorhynchites</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
“is amazingly similar in all [life] stages throughout its nearly worldwide distribution and great difficulty is experienced in identifying species. New World species have been diagnosed largely on the basis of light markings of the tarsi, which frequently differ in the 2 sexes and are not always reliable. The metallic coloration of the thoracic scales shows considerable differences among species but is subject to some variation and is difficult to describe accurately owing to marked changes in color depending on the angle of observation. Few specific differences have been noted in the male genitalia. To date no reliable characters have been found to separate any of the species of a group in the larval and pupal stages….”, which is obviously due to the fact that they have not been studied in comparative detail. It is worth noting that Belkin
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FC5AF83BFC585DA8" box="[921,969,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. provisionally applied the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FAF4F83CFA0D5DA8" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1335,1436,1939,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FAF4F83CFA0D5DA8" box="[1335,1436,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to the species in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA450A21FE9BF818FE065DD4" box="[344,407,1975,2001]" name="Cuba" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Likewise, Belkin and his colleagues applied the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA450A21FBCCF818FBE55DD4" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1039,1140,1975,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA450A21FBCCF818FBE55DD4" box="[1039,1140,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to specimens reared from collections made in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA450A21FEB6F874FE725DF0" box="[373,483,2011,2037]" name="Colombia" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FE31F874FCA05DF0" author="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N." box="[498,817,2011,2037]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="493 - 539" refId="ref159858" refString="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N. (1978 c) Collection records of the project " Mosquitoes of Middle America " 12. Colombia (COA, COB, COL, COM). Mosquito Systematics, 10 (4), 493 - 539." type="journal article" year="1978">Heinemann & Belkin 1978c</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA450A21FC80F874FC2D5DF0" box="[835,956,2011,2037]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA450A21FC09F874FA985DF0" author="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N." box="[970,1289,2011,2037]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="237 - 287" refId="ref159564" refString="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N. (1977 a) Collection records of the project " Mosquitoes of Middle America " 7. Costa Rica (CR). Mosquito Systematics, 9 (2), 237 - 287." type="journal article" year="1977">Heinemann & Belkin 1977a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA450A21FADFF874FA095DF0" box="[1308,1432,2011,2037]" name="Guatemala" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FF54FF38FE955AB4" box="[151,260,151,177]" name="Honduras" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FEF4FF38FE3B5AB4" box="[311,426,151,177]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FE75FF38FD625AB4" author="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N." box="[438,755,151,177]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="403 - 454" refId="ref159612" refString="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N. (1977 b) Collection records of the project " Mosquitoes of Middle America " 8. Central America: Belize (BH), Guatemala (GUA), El Salvador (SAL), Honduras (HON), Nicaragua (NI, NIC). Mosquito Systematics, 9 (4), 403 - 454." type="journal article" year="1977">Heinemann & Belkin 1977b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FCC6FF38FCCA5AB4" box="[773,859,151,177]" name="Mexico" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FCA4FF38FB325AB4" author="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N." box="[871,1187,151,177]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="483 - 534" refId="ref159685" refString="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N. (1977 c) Collection records of the project " Mosquitoes of Middle America " 9. Mexico (MEX, MF, MT, MX). Mosquito Systematics, 9 (4), 483 - 534." type="journal article" year="1977">Heinemann & Belkin 1977c</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FB77FF38FA9C5AB4" box="[1204,1293,151,177]" name="Panama" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FADAFF38FEC15AD0" author="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N." pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="119 - 196" refId="ref159738" refString="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N. (1978 a) Collection records of the project " Mosquitoes of Middle America " 10. Panama, including Canal Zone (PA, GG). Mosquito Systematics, 10 (2), 119 - 196." type="journal article" year="1978">Heinemann & Belkin 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FEA7FF14FE525AD0" box="[356,451,187,213]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA440A20FE3DFF14FDBF5AD0" box="[510,558,187,213]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FD72FF14FC875AD0" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[689,790,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FD72FF14FC875AD0" box="[689,790,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FCEDFF14FBA45AD0" author="Heinemann, S. J. & Aitken, T. H. G. & Belkin, J. N." box="[814,1077,187,213]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="179 - 284" refId="ref159911" refString="Heinemann, S. J., Aitken, T. H. G. & Belkin, J. N. (1980) Collection records of the project " Mosquitoes of Middle America " 14. Trinidad and Tobago (TR, TRM, TOB). Mosquito Systematics, 12 (2), 179 - 284." type="journal article" year="1980">
|
||||
Heinemann
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FC7AFF14FC7A5AD0" box="[953,1003,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 1980
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FBB9FF14FB7C5AD0" box="[1146,1261,187,213]" name="Venezuela" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FB3FFF14FEA45AFC" author="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N." pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="365 - 459" refId="ref159791" refString="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N. (1978 b) Collection records of the project " Mosquitoes of Middle America " 11. Venezuela (VZ); Guianas: French Guiana (FG, FGC), Guyana (GUY), Surinam (SUR). Mosquito Systematics, 10 (3), 365 - 459." type="journal article" year="1978">Heinemann & Belkin 1978b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FE81FF70FE755AFC" author="Navarro, J. C." box="[322,484,223,249]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="65 - 67" refId="ref171604" refString="Navarro, J. C. (1996) Toxorhynchites haemorrhoidalis superbus (Dyar & Knab 1906), nuevo registro para la fauna de Culicidae de Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 16 (2), 65 - 67." type="journal article" year="1996">Navarro 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Those researchers identified
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FC81FF70FB075AFD" box="[834,1174,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FC81FF70FC6D5AFC" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[834,1020,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="haemorrhoidalis">haemorrhoidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA440A20FBC5FF70FB075AFD" box="[1030,1174,223,248]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
in collections made in northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FF3FFEACFED15B18" box="[252,320,259,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FEB7FEACFE405B18" box="[372,465,259,285]" name="Ecuador" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(Heinemann & Belkin 1979);
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FCE1FEACFC015B18" box="[802,912,259,285]" name="Colombia" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FC5DFEACFB4A5B18" author="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N." box="[926,1243,259,285]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="493 - 539" refId="ref159858" refString="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N. (1978 c) Collection records of the project " Mosquitoes of Middle America " 12. Colombia (COA, COB, COL, COM). Mosquito Systematics, 10 (4), 493 - 539." type="journal article" year="1978">Heinemann & Belkin 1978c</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); and also French Guiana,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FF3BFE88FEDE5B44" box="[248,335,295,321]" name="Guyana" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FE49FE88FE785B44" box="[394,489,295,321]" name="Suriname" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FE39FE88FCD55B44" author="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N." box="[506,836,295,321]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="365 - 459" refId="ref159791" refString="Heinemann, S. J. & Belkin, J. N. (1978 b) Collection records of the project " Mosquitoes of Middle America " 11. Venezuela (VZ); Guianas: French Guiana (FG, FGC), Guyana (GUY), Surinam (SUR). Mosquito Systematics, 10 (3), 365 - 459." type="journal article" year="1978">Heinemann & Belkin 1978b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It is certain that
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FBDBFE88FAFA5B45" box="[1048,1387,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FBDBFE88FB435B44" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1048,1234,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="haemorrhoidalis">haemorrhoidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA440A20FB18FE88FAFA5B45" box="[1243,1387,295,320]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FF54FEE4FF6D5B60" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,252,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FF54FEE4FF6D5B60" box="[151,252,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are sympatric in at least
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FDD1FEE4FD145B60" box="[530,645,331,357]" name="Venezuela" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FD50FEE4FCE25B60" author="Navarro, J. - C. & Liria, J. & Barrera, R." box="[659,883,331,357]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref171646" refString="Navarro, J. - C., Liria, J., Pinagmp. J. & Barrera, R. (2007) Biogeographic area relationships in Venezuela: A parsimony analysis of Culicidae - phytotelmata distribution in national parks. Zootaxa, 1547 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1547.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Navarro
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FD34FEE4FCB95B60" box="[759,808,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It is interesting to note that the collections made in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FF77FEC0FEB45B8C" box="[180,293,367,393]" name="Colombia" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, French Guiana,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FE27FEC0FDAA5B8C" box="[484,571,367,393]" name="Guyana" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FDB1FEC0FD405B8C" box="[626,721,367,393]" name="Suriname" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
also included a species identified as sp. D, near
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FB2CFEC0FAC55B8C" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1263,1364,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FB2CFEC0FAC55B8C" box="[1263,1364,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA440A20FF04FE3CFBD05910" blockId="119.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
From the foregoing, it should be evident that the three subspecific forms may prove to be morphologically distinct, particularly in the larval stage; there is evidence that the distributions of
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FBE3FE18FAFC5BD5" box="[1056,1389,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FBE3FE18FB4B5BD4" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1056,1242,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="haemorrhoidalis">haemorrhoidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA440A20FB22FE18FAFC5BD5" box="[1249,1389,439,464]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FF54FE74FF6D5BF0" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,252,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FF54FE74FF6D5BF0" box="[151,252,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
overlap in northern countries of South America; and available information indicates that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FB1AFE74FAD75BF1" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1241,1350,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FB1AFE74FAD75BF1" box="[1241,1350,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be geographically separated from
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FE30FE50FCD3581D" box="[499,834,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FE30FE50FD3C581C" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[499,685,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="haemorrhoidalis">haemorrhoidalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA440A20FD76FE50FCD3581D" box="[693,834,511,536]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and is restricted to areas southward of approximately latitude
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA440A20FF31FD8CFEF05838" box="[242,353,547,573]" degrees="20" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" precision="55555" value="-20.0">20° south</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
. In view of these indicators, we believe it is likely that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FC08FD8CFB145838" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[971,1157,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FC08FD8CFB145838" box="[971,1157,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FB57FD8CFA905839" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[1172,1281,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FB57FD8CFA905839" box="[1172,1281,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FAF4FD8CFA0D5838" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[1335,1436,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FAF4FD8CFA0D5838" box="[1335,1436,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are separate species; thus, we here formally return
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FCC7FDE8FCE05865" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[772,881,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FCC7FDE8FCE05865" box="[772,881,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FC77FDE8FB885864" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" box="[948,1049,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FC77FDE8FB885864" box="[948,1049,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to their original specific status:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FF54FDC5FC3B5881" authority="(Lynch Arribalzaga, 1891 b)" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[151,938,618,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus" subGenus="Lynchiella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FF54FDC5FC3B5881" bold="true" box="[151,938,618,645]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FF54FDC5FED85880" bold="true" box="[151,329,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Toxorhynchites</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FE98FDC5FE445880" bold="true" box="[347,469,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Lynchiella</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FE24FDC4FDC45880" bold="true" box="[487,597,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FDA5FDC5FC335881" author="Lynch Arribalzaga, F." box="[614,930,618,645]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="131 - 174" refId="ref166954" refString="Lynch Arribalzaga, F. (1891 b) Dipterologia argentine. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 2, 131 - 174, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1891">Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FC27FDC5FE3458AD" bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FC27FDC5FA0D5880" baseAuthorityName="Dyar & Knab" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[996,1436,618,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus" subGenus="Lynchiella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FC27FDC5FB075880" bold="true" box="[996,1174,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Toxorhynchites</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FB6BFDC5FAB35880" bold="true" box="[1192,1314,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Lynchiella</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FAF7FDC5FA0D5880" bold="true" box="[1332,1436,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FF5CFD21FE0F58AD" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[159,414,654,681]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="241 - 258" refId="ref152580" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906 a) The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48 (3), 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1906">Dyar & Knab, 1906a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
. We anticipate that molecular data will confirm these two forms and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FB7BFD20FAE358AC" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[1208,1394,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FB7BFD20FAE358AC" box="[1208,1394,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are three separate species.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FE57FD1CFD2158C9" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[404,688,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FE57FD1CFD2158C9" box="[404,688,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Toxorhynchites separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FD27FD1CFCE358C8" baseAuthorityName="Dyar & Knab" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[740,882,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FD27FD1CFCE358C8" box="[740,882,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Tx. superbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are currently listed as species in the Encyclopedia of Life. Based on available morphological data and having
|
||||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA440A20FCF2FD78FCF058F4" box="[817,865,727,753]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
localities in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA440A20FC33FD78FBF358F4" box="[1008,1122,727,753]" name="Argentina" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FBADFD78FEB75910" authority="Dyar & Knab, 1906 a" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Megarhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynchi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FBADFD78FAD158F4" box="[1134,1344,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Megarhinus lynchi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FA84FD78FEB75910" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="241 - 258" refId="ref152580" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1906 a) The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 48 (3), 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1906">Dyar & Knab, 1906a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is retained as a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA440A20FDA5FD54FBAC5910" authority="(Lynch Arribalzaga, 1891 b)" baseAuthorityName="Lynch Arribalzaga" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[614,1085,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA440A20FDA5FD54FD6C5911" box="[614,765,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Tx. separatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA440A20FCC8FD54FBA45910" author="Lynch Arribalzaga, F." box="[779,1077,763,789]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="131 - 174" refId="ref166954" refString="Lynch Arribalzaga, F. (1891 b) Dipterologia argentine. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 2, 131 - 174, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1891">Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue