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<mods:title id="042E69FC6AC5B1AC96E80AFF614E6B77">A new continent in the geographic distribution of the genus Oregoniplana (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Maricola), its rediscovery in South Africa and its molecular phylogenetic position</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4B01432E652AED275A91CDD96B74105E">Li, Wei-Xuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0314FEF6F6E157A2BC6990C1D09AB25F">Sluys, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5544E5DDFC997297DB8D697FBF993FF">Vila-Farré, Miquel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="545DFAAF769C4AB66B0EEB611F367DA0">Chen, Jia-Jia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34DEE698B06ED5203147958FF7730591">Yang, Ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="830A484B6D23890C7F95903D2770491F">Li, Shuang-Fei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B4FC9CA188EEB5E2F6904E73A69F96AC">Wang, An-Tai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7A27D33C32C515BC64388766C54488BB">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFCB1E24F2B216A66" ID-CoL="754NJ" authority="SLUYS, 1989" authorityName="Sluys" authorityYear="1989" box="[878,1355,1372,1397]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pantherina">
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<bibRefCitation id="F2144B404C03DE3DFB62E24E2B216A66" author="Sluys R" box="[1213,1355,1372,1397]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" refId="ref10951" refString="Sluys R. 1989. A monograph of the marine triclads. Rotterdam & Brookfield: Balkema." type="book" year="1989">
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, 1989
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,
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of
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<collectorName id="3B7053674C03DE3DFB88E2BF2A836AD1" box="[1111,1257,1453,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Good Hope</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="26ED3CEC4C03DE3DFB24E2BF2B256913" collectingDate="2012-10-12" collectionCode="ZMA, V" collectorName="Edgar Vila-Farre & Pl." country="South Africa" latitude="-34.35694" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="18.47389" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="F27FE9994C03DE3DFC69E2DE2A116AF2" box="[950,1147,1483,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" value="2012-10-12">12 October 2012</collectingDate>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="3B7053674C03DE3DFB1FE2D92BE66AF2" box="[1216,1420,1483,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Edgar Vila-Farré</collectorName>
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,
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<collectionCode id="F094AE744C03DE3DFCF6E2F82D0B6AEC" box="[809,865,1514,1535]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">ZMA</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName id="3B7053674C03DE3DFCA1E2F82DF06913" box="[894,922,1514,1536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Pl.</collectorName>
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7284.1, sagittal sections on four slides
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="26ED3CEC4C03DE3DFA86E2F82B27690C" collectionCode="ZMA, V" country="South Africa" location="Pl." pageId="9" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
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<collectionCode id="F094AE744C03DE3DFA86E2F82BFB6AEC" box="[1369,1425,1514,1535]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">ZMA</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="F094AE744C03DE3DFCF6E11B2D54690C" box="[809,830,1545,1567]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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.
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<location id="935A606A4C03DE3DFC9EE11B2D34690C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E2C87A74C03DE3AFCB1E24F2F0B6A6E:935A606A4C03DE3DFC9EE11B2D34690C" box="[833,862,1545,1567]" country="South Africa" name="Pl." pageId="9" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Cape">Pl.</location>
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7284.2, horizontal sections on three slides
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
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;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="26ED3CEC4C03DE3DFA87E11B2B23692E" collectionCode="ZMA, V" country="South Africa" location="Pl." pageId="9" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
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<collectionCode id="F094AE744C03DE3DFA87E11B2BFA690D" box="[1368,1424,1545,1566]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">ZMA</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="F094AE744C03DE3DFCF6E1352D55692E" box="[809,831,1575,1597]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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.
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<location id="935A606A4C03DE3DFC9DE1352D0A692E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E2C87A74C03DE3AFCB1E24F2F0B6A6E:935A606A4C03DE3DFC9DE1352D0A692E" box="[834,864,1575,1597]" country="South Africa" name="Pl." pageId="9" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Cape">Pl.</location>
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7284.3, sagittal sections on three slides
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
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;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="26ED3CEC4C03DE3DFA88E13A2B43694F" collectionCode="ZMA, V" country="South Africa" location="Pl." pageId="9" pageNumber="91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
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<collectionCode id="F094AE744C03DE3DFA88E13A2BFA692E" box="[1367,1424,1576,1597]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">ZMA</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="F094AE744C03DE3DFCF6E1542D54694F" box="[809,830,1606,1628]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
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.
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<location id="935A606A4C03DE3DFC9EE1542D37694F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E2C87A74C03DE3AFCB1E24F2F0B6A6E:935A606A4C03DE3DFC9EE1542D37694F" box="[833,861,1606,1628]" country="South Africa" name="Pl." pageId="9" pageNumber="91" stateProvince="Cape">Pl.</location>
|
||||
7284.4, sagittal sections on seven slides
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C03DE3DFCF6E1802DDF69BA" blockId="9.[809,949,1682,1705]" box="[809,949,1682,1705]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFCF6E1802DDF69BA" box="[809,949,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="963A36B14C03DE3EFCF6E1A92F62692E" blockId="9.[809,1425,1722,1897]" lastBlockId="10.[163,780,1330,1903]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
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In elongated state, live sexually mature specimens are around
|
||||
<quantity id="517D9B544C03DE3DFC67E1CB2D9669FD" box="[952,1020,1753,1775]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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long. The body is elongated with broadly rounded hind end and moderately undulating body margins. Preserved specimens are up to
|
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<quantity id="517D9B544C03DE3DFAE5E0042BFA683F" box="[1338,1424,1814,1836]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
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long, as determined from histological sections. Most of the preserved specimens are ventrally curved, with certain lateral areas protruding from the body margin, thus giving them a very singular appearance (
|
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<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C00DE3EFD73E2422C966A75" box="[684,764,1360,1382]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[164,242,1036,1058]" captionTargetBox="[165,1444,197,996]" captionTargetId="figure-367@10.[163,1446,195,997]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Oregoniplana pantherina, external anatomy. A, dorsal view of a live animal. Scale bar obtained from a different picture of the same individual. B, ventral view of a preserved specimen. Scale bar not available. C–D, pigmentation pattern. C, living animal squashed to reveal the clusters of pigment granules.Inset, copy of an original line drawing from M.Cederstroem showing a sketch of the head of a preserved specimen with a detail of a single patch of pigmentation. D, black-and-white copy of a water colour made by J. G. F.Wheeler of the external appearance of a live specimen, showing the mottled pattern alluded to in the specific name of the species. General colour of the animal was green. Scale bar not available. E–F, comparison of the preserved specimens and resting position of live animal. E, ventral view of a preserved and newly collected specimen. F, copy of a line drawing by M. Cederstroem of a resting specimen. Scale bar not available. Asterisks indicate areas protruding from the body margin present in both preserved and resting specimens. Arrowhead, secondary gonopore." pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The two eyes are placed close to the body margin at a certain distance from the frontal margin. A small indentation at the hind end of the body is conspicuous in living and preserved specimens, corresponding to the secondary gonopore. Ventral adhesive papillae are most clearly visible at the anterior and posterior body margins.
|
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</paragraph>
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||||
<caption id="C2FA66394C00DE3EFF7BE31E2ACF6A1E" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" startId="10.[164,242,1036,1058]" targetBox="[165,1444,197,996]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C00DE3EFF7BE31E2ACF6A1E" blockId="10.[163,1443,1036,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C00DE3EFF7BE31E2F676B31" bold="true" box="[164,269,1036,1058]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C00DE3EFEC9E31F2C756B30" authorityName="Sluys" authorityYear="1989" box="[278,543,1037,1059]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C00DE3EFEC9E31F2C756B30" box="[278,543,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Oregoniplana pantherina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, external anatomy. A, dorsal view of a live animal. Scale bar obtained from a different picture of the same individual. B, ventral view of a preserved specimen. Scale bar not available. C–D, pigmentation pattern. C, living animal squashed to reveal the clusters of pigment granules. Inset, copy of an original line drawing from M. Cederstroem showing a sketch of the head of a preserved specimen with a detail of a single patch of pigmentation. D, black-and-white copy of a water colour made by J. G. F. Wheeler of the external appearance of a live specimen, showing the mottled pattern alluded to in the specific name of the species. General colour of the animal was green. Scale bar not available. E–F, comparison of the preserved specimens and resting position of live animal. E, ventral view of a preserved and newly collected specimen. F, copy of a line drawing by M. Cederstroem of a resting specimen. Scale bar not available. Asterisks indicate areas protruding from the body margin present in both preserved and resting specimens. Arrowhead, secondary gonopore.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C00DE3EFF64E1572D666821" blockId="10.[163,780,1330,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
Dorsal surface of the body is dark brown, except for the tip of the head and three pairs of symmetrical patches along the body margin. Small clusters of pigment granules are densely distributed on the dorsal surface, clearly visible in animals squashed between a coverslip and a glass slide (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C00DE3EFDD1E1CD2C0E69E7" box="[526,612,1759,1781]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[164,242,1036,1058]" captionTargetBox="[165,1444,197,996]" captionTargetId="figure-367@10.[163,1446,195,997]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Oregoniplana pantherina, external anatomy. A, dorsal view of a live animal. Scale bar obtained from a different picture of the same individual. B, ventral view of a preserved specimen. Scale bar not available. C–D, pigmentation pattern. C, living animal squashed to reveal the clusters of pigment granules.Inset, copy of an original line drawing from M.Cederstroem showing a sketch of the head of a preserved specimen with a detail of a single patch of pigmentation. D, black-and-white copy of a water colour made by J. G. F.Wheeler of the external appearance of a live specimen, showing the mottled pattern alluded to in the specific name of the species. General colour of the animal was green. Scale bar not available. E–F, comparison of the preserved specimens and resting position of live animal. E, ventral view of a preserved and newly collected specimen. F, copy of a line drawing by M. Cederstroem of a resting specimen. Scale bar not available. Asterisks indicate areas protruding from the body margin present in both preserved and resting specimens. Arrowhead, secondary gonopore." pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ventral surface is also pigmented but paler than the dorsal one, thus making it possible to discern the large testes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C00DE3EFF64E0292BF4690E" blockId="10.[163,780,1330,1903]" lastBlockId="10.[827,1443,1329,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
The tip of the head is white, tinged light cream along the margins of the white patch. The first two, anterior-most lateral patches are white, while the third posterior one is more brownish. The first lateral patch is bigger than the others and extends from the body margin to the eyes. The second patch is placed midway between the anterior one and the posterior patch, the latter located at the level of the pharynx. These three white patches correspond to the regions protruding laterally in preserved specimens (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C00DE3EFAE2E11A2BE4690D" box="[1341,1422,1544,1566]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[164,242,1036,1058]" captionTargetBox="[165,1444,197,996]" captionTargetId="figure-367@10.[163,1446,195,997]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Oregoniplana pantherina, external anatomy. A, dorsal view of a live animal. Scale bar obtained from a different picture of the same individual. B, ventral view of a preserved specimen. Scale bar not available. C–D, pigmentation pattern. C, living animal squashed to reveal the clusters of pigment granules.Inset, copy of an original line drawing from M.Cederstroem showing a sketch of the head of a preserved specimen with a detail of a single patch of pigmentation. D, black-and-white copy of a water colour made by J. G. F.Wheeler of the external appearance of a live specimen, showing the mottled pattern alluded to in the specific name of the species. General colour of the animal was green. Scale bar not available. E–F, comparison of the preserved specimens and resting position of live animal. E, ventral view of a preserved and newly collected specimen. F, copy of a line drawing by M. Cederstroem of a resting specimen. Scale bar not available. Asterisks indicate areas protruding from the body margin present in both preserved and resting specimens. Arrowhead, secondary gonopore." pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C00DE3EFC8CE1352B146800" blockId="10.[827,1443,1329,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
The eye cups (diameter 42–50 μm, as measured in histological sections) contain multiple retinal cells and are placed dorsally, below the body wall musculature (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C00DE3EFC9BE1912DA8698B" box="[836,962,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,793,815]" captionTargetBox="[209,1360,197,752]" captionTargetId="figure-580@11.[207,1362,195,753]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the sense organs. A, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, sagittal section of the eye showing multiple retinal cells; anterior to the left. Scale bar not available. B, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.2, horizontal section of the eye and the ciliated duct in the head; anterior to the left." pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A so-called Substanzinsel or ‘island’ (formed by a section through a vertical tract comprised of an aggregation of ganglion cells, muscles and mesenchymatic tissue) is discernible in at least one of the cerebral ganglia of specimen
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F094AE744C00DE3EFB6DE1EC2A806800" box="[1202,1258,1790,1811]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F094AE744C00DE3EFB2FE1EF2B6F6800" box="[1264,1285,1789,1811]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||||
.Pl. 7284.2.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C00DE3FFC8CE00E2C1D6B58" blockId="10.[827,1443,1329,1903]" lastBlockId="11.[145,762,923,1896]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
A ciliated duct arises at the centre of the dorsoventral diameter of the body, very close to the dorsal surface of the brain (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C00DE3EFC04E04B2A5B687D" box="[987,1073,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,793,815]" captionTargetBox="[209,1360,197,752]" captionTargetId="figure-580@11.[207,1362,195,753]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the sense organs. A, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, sagittal section of the eye showing multiple retinal cells; anterior to the left. Scale bar not available. B, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.2, horizontal section of the eye and the ciliated duct in the head; anterior to the left." pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). From thereon, the duct runs towards the dorsal epidermis anterior to the eyes and then narrows just before opening to the exterior through the epidermis. Its diameter varies among specimens but it is usually wider near the brain. In specimens
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F094AE744C01DE3FFED2E3042F2F6B38" box="[269,325,1046,1067]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F094AE744C01DE3FFE94E3042F0A6B3F" box="[331,352,1046,1068]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||||
.Pl. 7284.2 and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F094AE744C01DE3FFDD6E3042C2B6B38" box="[521,577,1046,1067]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F094AE744C01DE3FFD98E3042C366B3F" box="[583,604,1046,1068]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||||
.Pl. 7284.4 the canal is filled with an unknown substance.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C2FA66394C01DE3FFF4DE40B2C096C79" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" startId="11.[146,224,793,815]" targetBox="[209,1360,197,752]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C01DE3FFF4DE40B2C096C79" blockId="11.[145,1425,793,874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C01DE3FFF4DE40B2E906C3D" bold="true" box="[146,250,793,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C01DE3FFEDBE40B2C676C3C" authorityName="Sluys" authorityYear="1989" box="[260,525,793,815]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C01DE3FFEDBE40B2C676C3C" box="[260,525,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Oregoniplana pantherina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, anatomy of the sense organs. A, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, sagittal section of the eye showing multiple retinal cells; anterior to the left. Scale bar not available. B, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.2, horizontal section of the eye and the ciliated duct in the head; anterior to the left.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C01DE3FFF76E3412FF76905" blockId="11.[145,762,923,1896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
The anterior branch of the intestine extends anteriorly to the eyes and gives off at least three pre-ocellar diverticula. The cylindrical pharynx lies approximately in the middle of the body and measures about 1/6 of the body length. The outer epithelium of the pharynx is ciliated, except close to the root of the pharynx and is underlain by a subepithelial layer of longitudinal muscles, followed by layer of circular muscles. A thick subepithelial layer of circular muscles is present underneath the inner pharynx epithelium, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibres. The mouth is situated below the anterior portion of the male atrium and is connected to the pharyngeal pouch through a tubeshaped canal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C01DE3FFEE5E1122FE76905" box="[314,397,1536,1558]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[227,1378,197,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-148@12.[225,1380,195,1508]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. A–D, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. B, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. C, sagittal section of the distal part of the penis papilla showing the cross-wise oriented oblique musculature (arrowhead). D, sagittal section of the distal part of the atrium. Arrowhead, cross-wise oriented oblique musculature." pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C01DE3FFF76E10D2D826A2C" blockId="11.[145,762,923,1896]" lastBlockId="11.[809,1425,923,1896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
A pair of very large testis follicles is situated between the ovaries and the root of the pharynx (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C01DE3FFD11E12C2EDA6961" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[164,242,1036,1058]" captionTargetBox="[165,1444,197,996]" captionTargetId="figure-367@10.[163,1446,195,997]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Oregoniplana pantherina, external anatomy. A, dorsal view of a live animal. Scale bar obtained from a different picture of the same individual. B, ventral view of a preserved specimen. Scale bar not available. C–D, pigmentation pattern. C, living animal squashed to reveal the clusters of pigment granules.Inset, copy of an original line drawing from M.Cederstroem showing a sketch of the head of a preserved specimen with a detail of a single patch of pigmentation. D, black-and-white copy of a water colour made by J. G. F.Wheeler of the external appearance of a live specimen, showing the mottled pattern alluded to in the specific name of the species. General colour of the animal was green. Scale bar not available. E–F, comparison of the preserved specimens and resting position of live animal. E, ventral view of a preserved and newly collected specimen. F, copy of a line drawing by M. Cederstroem of a resting specimen. Scale bar not available. Asterisks indicate areas protruding from the body margin present in both preserved and resting specimens. Arrowhead, secondary gonopore." pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In specimen
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F094AE744C01DE3FFEB6E14F2FC96961" box="[361,419,1629,1650]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F094AE744C01DE3FFE72E14E2FA96961" box="[429,451,1628,1650]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||||
.Pl. 7284.4, the maximum diameter of the testes in anterior–posterior direction is 590 μm and their height is 300 μm, the follicles thus occupying most of the dorsoventral space. The narrow vasa deferentia arise from the posteroventral surface of the testis follicles and the ducts enlarge at the level of the pharynx to form sac-shaped vesicles that contain sperm. At the level of the base of the penis papilla, the ducts curve dorsally and, subsequently, penetrate the penis bulb to open separately into an intrabulbar cavity. From the latter arises a long ejaculatory duct that runs centrally through the penis papilla, gradually tapering towards the tip of the papilla, where the duct opens to the exterior. The ejaculatory duct is lined with a low, nucleated epithelium that widens considerably after having received a coarse cyanophilic secretion at its central section (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C01DE3FFBD1E3602A086B94" box="[1038,1122,1138,1160]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[227,1378,197,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-148@12.[225,1380,195,1508]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. A–D, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. B, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. C, sagittal section of the distal part of the penis papilla showing the cross-wise oriented oblique musculature (arrowhead). D, sagittal section of the distal part of the atrium. Arrowhead, cross-wise oriented oblique musculature." pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Abundant erythrophilic glands, located in the parenchyma just outside the penis bulb, open at the distal end of the ejaculatory duct and at two central areas of the duct (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C01DE3FFAF4E3DC2BEA6BF0" box="[1323,1408,1230,1252]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[227,1378,197,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-148@12.[225,1380,195,1508]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. A–D, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. B, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. C, sagittal section of the distal part of the penis papilla showing the cross-wise oriented oblique musculature (arrowhead). D, sagittal section of the distal part of the atrium. Arrowhead, cross-wise oriented oblique musculature." pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ejaculatory duct is surrounded by a thin layer of circular muscles, which becomes thicker at its central section (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C01DE3FFC58E2382DB26A2C" box="[903,984,1322,1344]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[227,1378,197,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-148@12.[225,1380,195,1508]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. A–D, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. B, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. C, sagittal section of the distal part of the penis papilla showing the cross-wise oriented oblique musculature (arrowhead). D, sagittal section of the distal part of the atrium. Arrowhead, cross-wise oriented oblique musculature." pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C01DE3FFC9EE25A2A706839" blockId="11.[809,1425,923,1896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
The penis papilla is a very slender, elongated cone that is inserted at the posterodorsal wall of the male atrium. From this root, the papilla first runs sharply in the anterior direction and then exhibits an equally sharp knee-shaped bend in the caudal direction beneath its own root. This results in the fact that the tip of the penis papilla again faces the caudal end of the body. The papilla is covered with a low, nucleated epithelium that is underlain by a thin, subepithelial layer of circular muscles, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscles. However, the posterior section of the papilla is provided with a well-developed coat of muscles, consisting of two layers of obliquely oriented bundles of fibres with a cross-wise orientation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C01DE3FFCEEE1E42DEC6818" box="[817,902,1782,1804]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[227,1378,197,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-148@12.[225,1380,195,1508]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. A–D, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. B, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. C, sagittal section of the distal part of the penis papilla showing the cross-wise oriented oblique musculature (arrowhead). D, sagittal section of the distal part of the atrium. Arrowhead, cross-wise oriented oblique musculature." pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Longitudinal muscle fibres form the small and weak penis bulb.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C01DE38FC9EE0212FF36803" blockId="11.[809,1425,923,1896]" lastBlockId="12.[163,778,1694,1900]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">A thin and long flap of tissue originates from the dorsal atrial wall immediately posterior to the root of the penis papilla. This flap projects into the male atrium as far as the knee-shaped bend in the penis papilla, thereby following the same course as the basal portion of the papilla.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C2FA66394C06DE38FF7CE1192DBD6969" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" startId="12.[163,242,1547,1569]" targetBox="[227,1378,197,1506]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C06DE38FF7CE1192DBD6969" blockId="12.[163,1443,1547,1658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C06DE38FF7CE1192F666933" bold="true" box="[163,268,1547,1569]" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C06DE38FEC8E11E2C496931" authorityName="Sluys" authorityYear="1989" box="[279,547,1548,1570]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C06DE38FEC8E11E2C496931" box="[279,547,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Oregoniplana pantherina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. A–D, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. B, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. C, sagittal section of the distal part of the penis papilla showing the cross-wise oriented oblique musculature (arrowhead). D, sagittal section of the distal part of the atrium. Arrowhead, cross-wise oriented oblique musculature.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C06DE39FF64E00A2F876E67" blockId="12.[163,778,1694,1900]" lastBlockId="13.[145,762,197,802]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">The atrium is divided into two parts. The proximal portion is narrow and corresponds to the male atrium, which houses the penis papilla and is lined with a low epithelium, underlain by a thin subepithelial layer of circular muscle fibres, followed by a layer of longitudinal fibres. The epithelium of the penis papilla frequently touches the wall of the atrium. The distal part of the atrium is tubular and is lined with a nucleated and tall epithelium, underlain by a thin, subepithelial layer of circular muscle fibres, followed by a layer of longitudinal fibres. It communicates with a gonoduct that opens to the exterior through the primary gonopore. The ventral epidermis around the primary gonopore contains numerous small, erythrophilic granules, being more abundant in the cells posterior to the gonopore.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C07DE39FF76E66C2F196DF7" blockId="13.[145,762,197,802]" pageId="13" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
From the level of the gonoduct the tubular atrium proceeds backwards as a female genital duct, opening to the exterior by means of a secondary, caudal gonopore at the very tail end of the body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C07DE39FDA7E6CB2C806EFC" box="[632,746,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[227,1378,197,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-148@12.[225,1380,195,1508]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. A–D, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. B, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. C, sagittal section of the distal part of the penis papilla showing the cross-wise oriented oblique musculature (arrowhead). D, sagittal section of the distal part of the atrium. Arrowhead, cross-wise oriented oblique musculature." pageId="13" pageNumber="95">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). At about halfway along its length, the female genital duct receives the separate openings of the oviducts at a slightly laterally enlarged section of the female duct, as well as the openings of erythrophilic shell glands that discharge anteriorly to the oviducal openings. The portion of the female genital duct running between the oviducal openings and the caudal gonopore is highly ciliated (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C07DE39FF2BE5DC2F0E6DF7" box="[244,356,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[227,1378,197,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-148@12.[225,1380,195,1508]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the copulatory apparatus. A–D, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. B, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus. C, sagittal section of the distal part of the penis papilla showing the cross-wise oriented oblique musculature (arrowhead). D, sagittal section of the distal part of the atrium. Arrowhead, cross-wise oriented oblique musculature." pageId="13" pageNumber="95">Fig. 9B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C07DE39FF76E5FF2A3F6E24" blockId="13.[145,762,197,802]" lastBlockId="13.[809,1426,197,802]" pageId="13" pageNumber="95">
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||||
A very short duct arises from the dorsal side of the most posterior portion of the female genital duct and then opens into a small and poorly defined sac-shaped vesicle that resembles a reduced copulatory bursa. In the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="493E88134C07DE39FC60E6102A4A6E0B" box="[959,1056,258,280]" pageId="13" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||||
this presumed bursa is probably connected to the intestine.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C07DE3AFC9EE6522FEF6BDA" blockId="13.[809,1426,197,802]" lastBlockId="14.[163,779,1049,1225]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="13" pageNumber="95">
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||||
The pear-shaped ovaries are situated at a short distance behind the brain, occupying a little less than half of the dorsoventral diameter of the body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C07DE39FAF9E66F2BE86E81" box="[1318,1410,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[145,224,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[304,1266,852,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-371@13.[303,1266,850,1771]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the ovary and associated structures. A–B, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the ovary. B, sagittal section of the stromatic sac." pageId="13" pageNumber="95">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ventral portion of each of the ovaries has a thinner wall and gives off a duct that communicates with a large sac-shaped body. This structure, called a stromatic sac by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F2144B404C07DE39FBD5E6EA2AF76D1E" author="Sluys R" box="[1034,1181,504,526]" pageId="13" pageNumber="95" refId="ref10951" refString="Sluys R. 1989. A monograph of the marine triclads. Rotterdam & Brookfield: Balkema." type="book" year="1989">Sluys (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
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, lies laterally to the ovaries and partially envelopes them, occupying most of the dorsoventral diameter of the body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C07DE39FAC1E5272BE86D59" box="[1310,1410,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[145,224,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[304,1266,852,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-371@13.[303,1266,850,1771]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the ovary and associated structures. A–B, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the ovary. B, sagittal section of the stromatic sac." pageId="13" pageNumber="95">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This stromatic sac is made up of nucleated cells, forming an ill-defined tissue surrounded by circular muscle fibres. The enlarged proximal section of the oviduct arises from the lateral wall of this structure, after which it immediately receives several ducts coming from vitellaria around the duct (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C07DE39FADEE5FF2BE86C11" box="[1281,1410,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[164,243,954,976]" captionTargetBox="[322,1284,197,913]" captionTargetId="figure-440@14.[321,1284,195,914]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Oregoniplana pantherina, anatomy of the testis and surrounding area. A–B, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.2, anterior at the top. A, horizontal section of the anterior part of the individual. B, schematic representation of the elements in A." pageId="13" pageNumber="95">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The vitellarian follicles are well developed and extend from in front of the ovaries to the level of the copulatory apparatus, usually occupying the entire dorsoventral space. The oviducts run laterally to the ventral nerve cords and at the level of the gonopore curve towards the centre of the body to open, separately, into the female genital duct.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C2FA66394C07DE39FF4EE0012DAB6855" pageId="13" pageNumber="95" startId="13.[145,224,1811,1833]" targetBox="[304,1266,852,1770]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="963A36B14C07DE39FF4EE0012DAB6855" blockId="13.[145,1424,1811,1862]" pageId="13" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C07DE39FF4EE0012F6D683B" bold="true" box="[145,263,1811,1833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="95">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C07DE39FECDE0012C76683A" authorityName="Sluys" authorityYear="1989" box="[274,540,1811,1833]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="13" pageNumber="95" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pantherina">
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<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C07DE39FECDE0012C76683A" box="[274,540,1811,1833]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="95">Oregoniplana pantherina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, anatomy of the ovary and associated structures. A–B, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.3, anterior to the left. A, sagittal section of the ovary. B, sagittal section of the stromatic sac.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="C2FA66394C04DE3AFF7BE4A82B5C6CFE" pageId="14" pageNumber="96" startId="14.[164,243,954,976]" targetBox="[322,1284,197,913]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="963A36B14C04DE3AFF7BE4A82B5C6CFE" blockId="14.[163,1443,954,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C04DE3AFF7BE4A82F706CDC" bold="true" box="[164,282,954,976]" pageId="14" pageNumber="96">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C04DE3AFEFCE4A82C476CC3" authorityName="Sluys" authorityYear="1989" box="[291,557,954,976]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="96" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pantherina">
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||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C04DE3AFEFCE4A82C476CC3" box="[291,557,954,976]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="96">Oregoniplana pantherina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, anatomy of the testis and surrounding area. A–B, ZMA V.Pl. 7284.2, anterior at the top. A, horizontal section of the anterior part of the individual. B, schematic representation of the elements in A.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C04DE3AFF7CE2132F686A0A" blockId="14.[163,258,1281,1305]" box="[163,258,1281,1305]" pageId="14" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C04DE3AFF7CE2132F686A0A" box="[163,258,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="96">Habitat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C04DE3AFF7CE23B2F0B6A6E" blockId="14.[163,779,1321,1405]" pageId="14" pageNumber="96">Specimens were collected from the under-surface of stones in the intertidal zone of a beach with both stones and sand.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
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418
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418
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&
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,
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.
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<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C09DE37FA8EE1FD2BE86811" bold="true" box="[1361,1410,1775,1794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">NOV</emphasis>
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.
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http://zoobank.org/
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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|
||||
Phylogenetic trees inferred from 18s RDNA and 28S rDNA datasets. A, maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree topology based on 18S rDNA dataset. B, maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree topology based on 28S rDNA dataset. Numbers at nodes indicate support values (posterior probability/bootstrap).
|
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<paragraph id="963A36B14C0EDE30FF7CE1A02E876872" blockId="4.[163,780,1714,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="26ED3CEC4C0EDE30FF7CE1A02E876872" collectingDate="2017-04-29" collectorName="Wei-Xuan Li" country="China" latitude="22.466667" location="Guangdong Province" longLatPrecision="1260" longitude="114.51667" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangdong" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0EDE30FF7CE1A02F7169D4" box="[163,283,1714,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="493E88134C0EDE30FF7CE1A02F7F69D4" box="[163,277,1714,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="EE9276214C0EDE30FEF5E1A02F1369DB" box="[298,377,1714,1736]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="5441F8534C0EDE30FE55E1A02CF069DB" box="[394,666,1714,1736]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">Guangdong Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, eastern
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C0EDE30FF7CE1C22FAD69F5" authority="City, Xichong" authorityName="City, Xichong" box="[163,455,1744,1766]" class="Arachnida" family="Clubionidae" genus="Shenzhen" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Shenzhen City, Xichong</taxonomicName>
|
||||
beach,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F3B150764C0EDE30FDF9E1C32CE269F5" box="[550,648,1743,1766]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" precision="925" value="22.466667">22°28′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F3B150764C0EDE30FD49E1C32D6D69F5" box="[662,775,1743,1766]" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" precision="925" value="114.51667">114°31′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, temperature of the water was 26–27 °C and its salinity 19‰ –20 ‰,
|
||||
<date id="E23B10714C0EDE30FE2CE01C2CD26830" box="[499,696,1806,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" value="2017-04-29">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="F27FE9994C0EDE30FE2CE01C2CD26830" box="[499,696,1806,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" value="2017-04-29">29 April 2017</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, coll.
|
||||
<collectorName id="3B7053674C0EDE30FF7CE03E2F506851" box="[163,314,1836,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">Wei-Xuan Li</collectorName>
|
||||
, PLA-Or001, sagittal sections on three slides.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0EDE31FCE4E1982C226B9B" blockId="4.[827,1444,1674,1879]" lastBlockId="5.[145,761,986,1161]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="26ED3CEC4C0EDE31FCE4E1982C2E6B9B" collectingDate="2017-04-29" collectionCode="IZCAS" collectorName="Wei-Xuan Li & All" country="China" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="87" latitude="22.466667" location="Chinese Academy of Sciences" longLatPrecision="1260" longitude="114.51667" municipality="Institute of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangdong" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0EDE30FCE4E1982DD4698C" box="[827,958,1674,1695]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="493E88134C0EDE30FCE4E1982DDD698C" box="[827,951,1674,1695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="EE9276214C0EDE30FC13E1982A7069B3" box="[972,1050,1674,1696]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="5441F8534C0EDE30FBF5E1982B5E69B3" box="[1066,1332,1674,1696]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">Guangdong Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, eastern
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C0EDE30FCE4E1BA2A3469AD" authority="City, Xichong" authorityName="City, Xichong" box="[827,1118,1704,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Clubionidae" genus="Shenzhen" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Shenzhen City, Xichong</taxonomicName>
|
||||
beach,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F3B150764C0EDE30FB61E1BA2B4A69AD" box="[1214,1312,1703,1726]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" precision="925" value="22.466667">22°28′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F3B150764C0EDE30FAF0E1BA2BF569AD" box="[1327,1439,1703,1726]" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" precision="925" value="114.51667">114°31′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="E23B10714C0EDE30FCE4E1D52DB669CF" box="[827,988,1735,1757]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" value="2017-04-29">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="F27FE9994C0EDE30FCE4E1D52DB669CF" box="[827,988,1735,1757]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" value="2017-04-29">29 April 2017</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, water temperature: 26–27°C, salinity: 19‰–20‰, coll.
|
||||
<collectorName id="3B7053674C0EDE30FC29E1F72AE669E8" box="[1014,1164,1765,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">Wei-Xuan Li</collectorName>
|
||||
, PLA-Or002, horizontal sections on two slides; PLA-Or003, horizontal sections on one slide; PLA-Or004, whole mount on one slide; PLA-Or005, whole mount on one slide; PLA-Or006, whole mount on one slide; PLA-Or007, whole mount on one slide; PLA-Or008~PLA-Or012, whole mounts on five slides; PLA-Or013, sagittal sections on three slides; PLA-Or014, sagittal sections on three slides.
|
||||
<collectorName id="3B7053674C0FDE31FF4EE3462ED96B79" box="[145,179,1108,1130]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">All</collectorName>
|
||||
material is deposited in the
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="765EACCB4C0FDE31FDD2E3462C9E6B79" box="[525,756,1108,1130]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Institute of Zoology</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="935A606A4C0FDE31FF4EE3612FB76B9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E2C87A74C09DE3DFCEEE1F92F8F6AB6:935A606A4C0FDE31FF4EE3612FB76B9A" box="[145,477,1139,1161]" country="China" latitude="22.466667" longLatPrecision="1260" longitude="114.51667" municipality="Institute of Zoology" name="Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="87" stateProvince="Guangdong">Chinese Academy of Sciences</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F094AE744C0FDE31FE33E3612C576B9B" box="[492,573,1139,1160]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">IZCAS</collectionCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C2FA66394C0FDE31FF4EE4602CE26CB5" pageId="5" pageNumber="87" startId="5.[145,223,882,904]" targetBox="[154,1430,196,841]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0FDE31FF4EE4602CE26CB5" blockId="5.[145,1438,882,934]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0FDE31FF4EE4602E926C94" bold="true" box="[145,248,882,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree topology inferred from the concatenated dataset. Numbers at nodes indicate support values (posterior probability/bootstrap).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0FDE31FF4EE3A62F786BDF" blockId="5.[145,274,1204,1228]" box="[145,274,1204,1228]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0FDE31FF4EE3A62F786BDF" box="[145,274,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0FDE31FF4EE3CE2F146A23" blockId="5.[145,761,1244,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin adjective
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0FDE31FF4EE3E92F7F6A03" box="[145,277,1275,1296]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">geniculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
, like the bent knee, alluding to the highly curved penis papilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0FDE31FF4EE2462F116861" blockId="5.[145,761,1363,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0FDE31FF4EE2462C526A7B" box="[145,568,1363,1385]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
Diagnosis:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C0FDE31FEC8E2412C526A7B" authorityName="Li & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[279,568,1363,1384]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="87" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="geniculata">Oregoniplana geniculata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
is characterized by the following features: brown pigmentation on the entire dorsal body surface; a pair of large, prepharyngeal testes; absence of a stromatic sac attached to the ovaries; a long and slender penis papilla that is attached to the anteroventral wall of the male atrium, from where the papilla turns towards the anterior end of the body and then abruptly recurves, exhibiting a sharp U-turn in posterior direction; a horizontal female genital duct, communicating with a ventral gonopore and a secondary gonopore. Molecular diagnosis: this species comprises all individuals that are identified as a single evolutionary unit together with individuals from this study (18S rDNA GenBank Accession numbers
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="89D6AB524C0FDE31FEAFE0122F846805" box="[368,494,1792,1814]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK140757" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">MK140757</accessionNumber>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="89D6AB524C0FDE31FE23E0122C136805" box="[508,633,1792,1814]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK140759" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">MK140759</accessionNumber>
|
||||
; 28S rDNA GenBank Accession numbers
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="89D6AB524C0FDE31FE3CE00D2C0B6826" box="[483,609,1823,1845]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK140760" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">MK140760</accessionNumber>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="89D6AB524C0FDE31FDAFE00D2C876826" box="[624,749,1823,1845]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK140762" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">MK140762</accessionNumber>
|
||||
), when using a coalescence-based molecular method for species delimitation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0FDE31FCF6E4C82DDF6CE2" blockId="5.[809,949,986,1009]" box="[809,949,986,1009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0FDE31FCF6E4C82DDF6CE2" box="[809,949,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0FDE31FCF6E3102A606A1F" blockId="5.[809,1425,1026,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
The body shape varies from elongate to ovatelanceolate, with a rounded front end and hind end (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0FDE31FCEEE32D2DCF6B47" box="[817,933,1087,1109]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1155,1177]" captionTargetBox="[170,1448,197,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-406@6.[165,1448,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Oregoniplana geniculata, live specimens.A–C, whole animal, dorsal view. D, middle of the body, squashed, showing ovaries and testes. E, copulatory apparatus, showing penis papilla, vas deferens and secondary gonopore. F–G, cocoons." pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Figs 3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0FDE31FC6FE32D2DBA6B47" box="[944,976,1087,1108]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[224,1361,198,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-328@7.[209,1361,198,1311]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Oregoniplana geniculata, whole mounts. A, PLA-Or004, entire animal. B, PLA-Or005, testes and ovaries. C, PLA-Or006, penis papilla and associated structures, and shell glands. D, PLA-Or007, secondary gonopore." pageId="5" pageNumber="87">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In elongated state, their length ranges between 1600 and 2500 μm and their width between 290 and 510 μm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0FDE31FC2DE36F2A6C6B81" box="[1010,1030,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 5). Brownish pigmentation over a cream-colour ground is present on the whole dorsal body surface, while accumulations of pigment occur along the body margin and around the testes and ovaries (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0FDE31FC55E3E52D906A1F" box="[906,1018,1271,1293]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1155,1177]" captionTargetBox="[170,1448,197,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-406@6.[165,1448,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Oregoniplana geniculata, live specimens.A–C, whole animal, dorsal view. D, middle of the body, squashed, showing ovaries and testes. E, copulatory apparatus, showing penis papilla, vas deferens and secondary gonopore. F–G, cocoons." pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0FDE31FC9EE2042DBA692C" blockId="5.[809,1425,1026,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
A pair of black, semilunar eyes is located at a considerable distance from the anterior body margin, i.e. at about 1/5 of the total body length as determined from the anterior margin. The eyes are placed rather close to the body margin, the mean distance to the margin being 87 ± 9 μm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0FDE31FB22E2A22B7B6AD6" box="[1277,1297,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 5), while the distance between the eye cups ranges from 67 to 171 μm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0FDE31FC6FE2FF2DAE6911" box="[944,964,1517,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 5). The eyes are located more or less dorsally to the brain and contain about 5
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0FDE31FAC9E1192B486933" bold="true" box="[1302,1314,1547,1568]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">–</emphasis>
|
||||
6, retinal cells (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0FDE31FCB2E1382DAA6953" box="[877,960,1578,1600]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[161,242,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[323,1284,197,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-229@8.[321,1284,195,1402]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Oregoniplana geniculata, photomicrographs of sections. A, PLA-Or002, anterior end, showing eye cups and retinal cells. B, PLA-Or003, female copulatory apparatus, showing female atrium and oviducts. C–E, PLA-Or001, male copulatory apparatus." pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0FDE31FC9EE15A2A9769A9" blockId="5.[809,1425,1026,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
|
||||
The cylindrical pharynx lies fully in the posterior half of the body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0FDE31FC35E1752A2A696F" box="[1002,1088,1639,1661]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1155,1177]" captionTargetBox="[170,1448,197,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-406@6.[165,1448,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Oregoniplana geniculata, live specimens.A–C, whole animal, dorsal view. D, middle of the body, squashed, showing ovaries and testes. E, copulatory apparatus, showing penis papilla, vas deferens and secondary gonopore. F–G, cocoons." pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0FDE31FB92E1752A07696F" box="[1101,1133,1639,1660]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[224,1361,198,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-328@7.[209,1361,198,1311]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Oregoniplana geniculata, whole mounts. A, PLA-Or004, entire animal. B, PLA-Or005, testes and ovaries. C, PLA-Or006, penis papilla and associated structures, and shell glands. D, PLA-Or007, secondary gonopore." pageId="5" pageNumber="87">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and measures 1/6–1/5 of the total body length; it measures about 365 ± 34 μm in length and 84 ± 8 μm in width (
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0FDE31FB70E1B72AA969A9" box="[1199,1219,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 5).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0FDE32FC9EE1D12C326A73" blockId="5.[809,1425,1026,1906]" lastBlockId="6.[163,779,1262,1897]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">The outer epithelium of the pharynx is underlain by a thin subepithelial layer of circular muscles, followed by a thick layer of longitudinal muscle fibres. The inner pharynx epithelium, which is densely ciliated, is underlain by a thin subepithelial layer of longitudinal muscle fibres, followed by a thick layer of circular muscles. The mouth opening is located at a distance of about 1/4 of the body length as measured from the posterior body margin; the mouth is situated at the posterior end of the pharyngeal cavity.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C2FA66394C0CDE32FF7CE3912B146BA4" pageId="6" pageNumber="88" startId="6.[163,241,1155,1177]" targetBox="[170,1448,197,1115]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0CDE32FF7CE3912B146BA4" blockId="6.[163,1450,1155,1207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0CDE32FF7CE3912F636B8A" bold="true" box="[163,265,1155,1177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0CDE32FECBE3962C766B89" box="[276,540,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C0CDE32FECBE3962C7D6B89" authorityName="Li & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[276,535,1156,1178]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="88" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="geniculata">Oregoniplana geniculata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
live specimens.A–C, whole animal, dorsal view. D, middle of the body, squashed, showing ovaries and testes. E, copulatory apparatus, showing penis papilla, vas deferens and secondary gonopore. F–G, cocoons.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0CDE32FF64E27B2F4E6925" blockId="6.[163,779,1262,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
The anterior branch of the intestine extends anteriorly to the eyes and gives off a pair of pre-ocellar diverticula. The posterior branches extend backwards into the tail region of the body, each of the gut trunks giving rise to 13
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0CDE32FEB1E2F12F106AEB" bold="true" box="[366,378,1507,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">–</emphasis>
|
||||
15 short, lateral diverticula; the posterior trunks do not communicate in the hind end of the body.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0CDE32FF64E12D2AFC6A4C" blockId="6.[163,779,1262,1897]" lastBlockId="6.[827,1444,1262,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
A pair of large, ellipsoidal testes is situated immediately in front of the pharynx and directly posterior to the ovaries (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0CDE32FE16E16E2C2F6981" box="[457,581,1660,1682]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1155,1177]" captionTargetBox="[170,1448,197,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-406@6.[165,1448,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Oregoniplana geniculata, live specimens.A–C, whole animal, dorsal view. D, middle of the body, squashed, showing ovaries and testes. E, copulatory apparatus, showing penis papilla, vas deferens and secondary gonopore. F–G, cocoons." pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figs 3A–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0CDE32FD8BE16F2C196981" box="[596,627,1661,1682]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[224,1361,198,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-328@7.[209,1361,198,1311]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Oregoniplana geniculata, whole mounts. A, PLA-Or004, entire animal. B, PLA-Or005, testes and ovaries. C, PLA-Or006, penis papilla and associated structures, and shell glands. D, PLA-Or007, secondary gonopore." pageId="6" pageNumber="88">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The testes’ follicles occupy the entire dorsoventral space and measure about 258 ± 66 μm in anteroposterior direction and about 83 ± 39 μm in width (
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0CDE32FD6AE1CB2CA369FD" box="[693,713,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 5). Narrow vasa deferentia arise from the posteroventral side of the testes and enlarge to form spermiducal vesicles at about the middle of the pharyngeal pocket, with a diameter that is about 33 ± 3 μm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0CDE32FD6BE0462CA2687A" box="[692,712,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 5). These spermiducal vesicles then extend posteriorly along either side of the pharyngeal pocket and fuse to form a common vas deferens immediately behind the pharyngeal pouch (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0CDE32FBCAE2582A076A73" box="[1045,1133,1354,1376]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[161,242,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[323,1284,197,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-229@8.[321,1284,195,1402]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Oregoniplana geniculata, photomicrographs of sections. A, PLA-Or002, anterior end, showing eye cups and retinal cells. B, PLA-Or003, female copulatory apparatus, showing female atrium and oviducts. C–E, PLA-Or001, male copulatory apparatus." pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figs 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0CDE32FBA6E2582AED6A73" box="[1145,1159,1354,1376]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[145,223,721,743]" captionTargetBox="[208,1362,197,680]" captionTargetId="figure-552@9.[207,1363,195,681]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Oregoniplana geniculata, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of PLA-Or001." pageId="6" pageNumber="88">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0CDE32FC8CE27A2DBF6946" blockId="6.[827,1444,1262,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
The common vas deferens opens into an irregular egg-shaped seminal vesicle that is situated at the base of the penis papilla and, subsequently, communicates with the ejaculatory duct (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0CDE32FBB3E2D62AD46AC9" box="[1132,1214,1476,1498]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1155,1177]" captionTargetBox="[170,1448,197,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-406@6.[165,1448,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Oregoniplana geniculata, live specimens.A–C, whole animal, dorsal view. D, middle of the body, squashed, showing ovaries and testes. E, copulatory apparatus, showing penis papilla, vas deferens and secondary gonopore. F–G, cocoons." pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The latter is lined with a nucleated epithelium and surrounded by a well-developed layer of circular muscles, the duct gradually becoming very narrow before opening at the tip of the penis papilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0CDE33FC8CE14C2FBA6904" blockId="6.[827,1444,1262,1897]" lastBlockId="7.[145,762,1446,1897]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
The penis papilla is a long and slender cone with a unique orientation:its root is attached to the anteroventral wall of the male atrium, from where the papilla turns towards the anterior end of the body and then abruptly recurves, exhibiting a sharp U-turn in posterior direction above its own root; hereafter the distal portion of the penis papilla shows an oblique, ventrocaudal orientation, its tip more or less pointing into the ventral gonopore (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0CDE32FC9DE0412DFC687B" box="[834,918,1875,1897]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[224,1361,198,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-328@7.[209,1361,198,1311]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Oregoniplana geniculata, whole mounts. A, PLA-Or004, entire animal. B, PLA-Or005, testes and ovaries. C, PLA-Or006, penis papilla and associated structures, and shell glands. D, PLA-Or007, secondary gonopore." pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0CDE32FC7CE0412DAB687A" box="[931,961,1875,1897]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[161,242,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[323,1284,197,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-229@8.[321,1284,195,1402]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Oregoniplana geniculata, photomicrographs of sections. A, PLA-Or002, anterior end, showing eye cups and retinal cells. B, PLA-Or003, female copulatory apparatus, showing female atrium and oviducts. C–E, PLA-Or001, male copulatory apparatus." pageId="6" pageNumber="88">5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0CDE32FC11E0412DB1687A" box="[974,987,1875,1897]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[145,223,721,743]" captionTargetBox="[208,1362,197,680]" captionTargetId="figure-552@9.[207,1363,195,681]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Oregoniplana geniculata, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of PLA-Or001." pageId="6" pageNumber="88">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A thin flap of tissue originates from the ventral atrial wall immediately posterior to the root of the penis papilla. This flap projects into the male atrium, thereby following the same course as the basal portion of the penis papilla (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0DDE33FE8AE1102FC3690B" box="[341,425,1538,1560]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[161,242,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[323,1284,197,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-229@8.[321,1284,195,1402]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Oregoniplana geniculata, photomicrographs of sections. A, PLA-Or002, anterior end, showing eye cups and retinal cells. B, PLA-Or003, female copulatory apparatus, showing female atrium and oviducts. C–E, PLA-Or001, male copulatory apparatus." pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Figs 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0DDE33FE6BE1102FAB690B" box="[436,449,1538,1560]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[145,223,721,743]" captionTargetBox="[208,1362,197,680]" captionTargetId="figure-552@9.[207,1363,195,681]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Oregoniplana geniculata, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of PLA-Or001." pageId="7" pageNumber="89">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C2FA66394C0DDE33FF4EE2542A896A69" pageId="7" pageNumber="89" startId="7.[145,225,1350,1372]" targetBox="[224,1361,198,1303]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0DDE33FF4EE2542A896A69" blockId="7.[145,1425,1350,1402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0DDE33FF4EE2542E966A48" bold="true" box="[145,252,1350,1372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C0DDE33FED7E2552C786A4E" authorityName="Li & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[264,530,1351,1373]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0DDE33FED7E2552C786A4E" box="[264,530,1351,1373]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Oregoniplana geniculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, whole mounts. A, PLA-Or004, entire animal. B, PLA-Or005, testes and ovaries. C, PLA-Or006, penis papilla and associated structures, and shell glands. D, PLA-Or007, secondary gonopore.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0DDE33FF76E1332FE269FD" blockId="7.[145,762,1446,1897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
At the level of the ventral gonopore, which is located at a distance of 1/19 of the body length as determined from the posterior margin, the male atrium communicates also with a horizontally oriented female genital duct that runs to the posterior body end, where it opens to the exterior via a secondary, caudal gonopore (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0DDE33FED8E1CB2F3469FD" box="[263,350,1753,1775]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[224,1361,198,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-328@7.[209,1361,198,1311]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Oregoniplana geniculata, whole mounts. A, PLA-Or004, entire animal. B, PLA-Or005, testes and ovaries. C, PLA-Or006, penis papilla and associated structures, and shell glands. D, PLA-Or007, secondary gonopore." pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Figs 4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0DDE33FEB4E1CB2F1369FC" box="[363,377,1753,1775]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[145,223,721,743]" captionTargetBox="[208,1362,197,680]" captionTargetId="figure-552@9.[207,1363,195,681]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Oregoniplana geniculata, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of PLA-Or001." pageId="7" pageNumber="89">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0DDE33FF76E1E52D166987" blockId="7.[145,762,1446,1897]" lastBlockId="7.[809,1426,1447,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
A pair of sickle-shaped, as well as pear-shaped, ovaries is situated at some distance behind the brain, i.e. at 1/3 to 1/2 of the distance between the brain and the root of the pharynx, the mean distance being about 262 ± 72 μm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0DDE33FBCCE2BA2A4D6AAE" box="[1043,1063,1448,1469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 6); their length (in anterior– posterior direction) ranging between 77 and 135 μm, and their width between 46 and 58 μm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C0DDE33FACDE2F72B4C6AE9" box="[1298,1318,1509,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 5;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0DDE33FABBE2F62D23690B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[145,225,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[224,1361,198,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-328@7.[209,1361,198,1311]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Oregoniplana geniculata, whole mounts. A, PLA-Or004, entire animal. B, PLA-Or005, testes and ovaries. C, PLA-Or006, penis papilla and associated structures, and shell glands. D, PLA-Or007, secondary gonopore." pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). No stromatic, sac-shaped structure was found in at least ten specimens examined. The oviducts arise from the anterolateral surface of the ovaries and continue their course on either side of the pharyngeal pocket.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C0DDE33FC9EE18E2A57687A" blockId="7.[809,1426,1447,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
The oviducts turn medially at the level immediately behind the ventral gonopore to open separately into the narrow, duct-like female atrium (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0DDE33FB42E1C82A9969E3" box="[1181,1267,1754,1776]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[161,242,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[323,1284,197,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-229@8.[321,1284,195,1402]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Oregoniplana geniculata, photomicrographs of sections. A, PLA-Or002, anterior end, showing eye cups and retinal cells. B, PLA-Or003, female copulatory apparatus, showing female atrium and oviducts. C–E, PLA-Or001, male copulatory apparatus." pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0DDE33FB21E1C82B6669E3" box="[1278,1292,1754,1776]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[145,223,721,743]" captionTargetBox="[208,1362,197,680]" captionTargetId="figure-552@9.[207,1363,195,681]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Oregoniplana geniculata, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of PLA-Or001." pageId="7" pageNumber="89">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The latter receives the openings of shell glands and the separate oviducal openings, after which it communicates with the female genital duct that leads to the caudal gonopore (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0DDE33FC40E0462A7E6879" box="[927,1044,1876,1898]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[161,242,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[323,1284,197,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-229@8.[321,1284,195,1402]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Oregoniplana geniculata, photomicrographs of sections. A, PLA-Or002, anterior end, showing eye cups and retinal cells. B, PLA-Or003, female copulatory apparatus, showing female atrium and oviducts. C–E, PLA-Or001, male copulatory apparatus." pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Figs 5C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C0DDE33FBFFE0462A446879" box="[1056,1070,1876,1898]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[145,223,721,743]" captionTargetBox="[208,1362,197,680]" captionTargetId="figure-552@9.[207,1363,195,681]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Oregoniplana geniculata, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of PLA-Or001." pageId="7" pageNumber="89">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C2FA66394C02DE3CFF7EE2B02FE36AE0" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" startId="8.[161,242,1442,1464]" targetBox="[323,1284,197,1388]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C02DE3CFF7EE2B02FE36AE0" blockId="8.[161,1442,1442,1523]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C02DE3CFF7EE2B02F676AA4" bold="true" box="[161,269,1442,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C02DE3CFEC4E2B02C4D6AAB" authorityName="Li & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[283,551,1442,1464]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C02DE3CFEC4E2B02C4D6AAB" box="[283,551,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Oregoniplana geniculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, photomicrographs of sections. A, PLA-Or002, anterior end, showing eye cups and retinal cells. B, PLA-Or003, female copulatory apparatus, showing female atrium and oviducts. C–E, PLA-Or001, male copulatory apparatus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C02DE3CFF7CE10D2F046874" blockId="8.[163,778,1567,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C02DE3CFF7CE10D2F8F6927" box="[163,485,1567,1588]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Feeding and reproduction:</emphasis>
|
||||
When feeding, the thin pharynx of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C02DE3CFEF7E12C2FA96940" authorityName="Li & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[296,451,1598,1619]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C02DE3CFEF7E12C2FA96940" box="[296,451,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">O. geniculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
extends through the mouth opening and sucks up the soft tissues of the prey item. The worms were not able to consume either untreated pork or liver, or even to prey on live, untreated
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C02DE3CFEC2E1AB2F1669DD" box="[285,380,1721,1742]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C02DE3CFEC2E1AB2F1669DD" box="[285,380,1721,1742]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C02DE3CFDD8E1AB2CCA69DE" authorityName="Li & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[519,672,1720,1742]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C02DE3CFDD8E1AB2CCA69DE" box="[519,672,1720,1742]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">O. geniculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was only able to consume these prey items when the tissues were artificially softened, which suggests that the pharynx is rather weak and that in nature the species depends on the availability of appropriate prey.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C02DE3CFC8CE10D2A7C69FF" blockId="8.[827,1442,1567,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
When not starved, copulations may occur, after which one cocoon may be laid after 1
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C02DE3CFAD6E12C2B7F6940" bold="true" box="[1289,1301,1598,1619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">–</emphasis>
|
||||
2 days. The flat side of the hemispherical, brown-red cocoon is attached tightly to the substrate; it is devoid of a pedicel and measures about 238 ± 4 μm in diameter (
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C02DE3CFC9BE1AB2D3269DD" box="[836,856,1721,1742]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 5). Only one young worm hatches from each cocoon (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0EBE2A344C02DE3CFC4AE1C52A6C69FF" box="[917,1030,1751,1773]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1155,1177]" captionTargetBox="[170,1448,197,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-406@6.[165,1448,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Oregoniplana geniculata, live specimens.A–C, whole animal, dorsal view. D, middle of the body, squashed, showing ovaries and testes. E, copulatory apparatus, showing penis papilla, vas deferens and secondary gonopore. F–G, cocoons." pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3F–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="963A36B14C02DE3DFCE4E0042F8F6AB6" blockId="8.[827,1443,1814,1897]" lastBlockId="9.[145,762,779,1445]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C02DE3CFCE4E0042AAB6838" box="[827,1217,1814,1835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Habitat, ecology and distribution:</emphasis>
|
||||
The animals were collected at the outflow of a freshwater river or spring onto a shallow beach and thus the habitat was brackish water. From the same locality we obtained also the marine triclads
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFE9DE4392F876C2C" authorityName="Chen & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[322,493,810,832]" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Nerpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fistulata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFE9DE4392F876C2C" box="[322,493,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Nerpa fistulata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFDFDE4392F3F6C4D" authority="Li & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Li & Wang" authorityYear="2019" family="Uteriporidae" genus="Paucumara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFDFDE4392C936C2C" box="[546,761,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Paucumara falcata</emphasis>
|
||||
Li & Wang, 2019
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and also species from the suborder
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFF4EE4752FB16C6E" authority="Graff, 1905" authorityName="Graff" authorityYear="1905" box="[145,475,871,893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Kalyptorhynchia">Kalyptorhynchia Graff, 1905</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F2144B404C03DE3DFDC1E4752C806C6E" author="Zhong LH & Hu XZ & Lin YT & Feng WT & Zhuang JY & Zhang Y & Wang AT" box="[542,746,871,893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref11192" refString="Zhong LH, Hu XZ, Lin YT, Feng WT, Zhuang JY, Zhang Y, Wang AT. 2018. Two new species of Polycystididae (Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from China. Zootaxa 4446: 39-50." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||||
Zhong
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFDB3E47A2CCC6C6F" box="[620,678,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2018
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), as well as many other unidentified flatworm species. Vegetation
|
||||
<typeStatus id="493E88134C03DE3DFEC3E4B72F3A6CA9" box="[284,336,933,954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
and rainfall at this locality varies between the seasons. Alternations between the rainy season and dry season underly great variation in salinity, ranging between 15‰ to more than 30‰; the specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFEEEE30D2C3D6B27" authorityName="Li & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[305,599,1055,1076]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFEEEE30D2C3D6B27" box="[305,599,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Oregoniplana geniculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are resistant to these great variations in salinity. Two plants are dominant during the various seasons, viz.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFDB5E34F2C926B61" box="[618,760,1117,1138]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Ulvaceae" genus="Ulva" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ulvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="lactuca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFDB5E34F2C926B61" box="[618,760,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Ulva lactuca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFF19E3692FFE6BA3" authority="(Areschoug) Lane, Mayes, Druehl & Saunders. It" authorityName="Lane, Mayes, Druehl & Saunders. It" baseAuthorityName="Areschoug" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Laminariaceae" genus="Saccharina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFF19E3692FD16B82" box="[198,443,1147,1169]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Saccharina japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
(Areschoug) Lane, Mayes, Druehl & Saunders. It
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is noteworthy that the marine triclad species composition is related to the dominant
|
||||
<typeStatus id="493E88134C03DE3DFF4EE3CA2EAE6BFE" box="[145,196,1240,1261]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
of plant. In the season suitable for the growth of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFF70E3E52F4D6A18" box="[175,295,1270,1292]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Ulvaceae" genus="Ulva" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ulvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="lactuca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFF70E3E52F4D6A18" box="[175,295,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">U. lactuca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, great numbers of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFDD1E3E52C986A18" authorityName="Li & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[526,754,1270,1292]" family="Uteriporidae" genus="Paucumara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFDD1E3E52C986A18" box="[526,754,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Paucumara falcata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, an as yet unverified species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFDD8E2072F3D6A5B" authority="Holmquist & Karling, 1972" authorityName="Holmquist & Karling" authorityYear="1972" family="Cercyridae" genus="Pacifides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFDD8E2072C186A39" box="[519,626,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Pacifides</emphasis>
|
||||
Holmquist & Karling, 1972
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFE47E2212CAD6A5B" authorityName="Li & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[408,711,1331,1352]" family="Cercyridae" genus="Oregoniplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFE47E2212CAD6A5B" box="[408,711,1331,1352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Oregoniplana geniculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are present. But when the season changes and becomes suitable for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFEC8E2632FF96A95" box="[279,403,1393,1414]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Laminariaceae" genus="Saccharina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFEC8E2632FF96A95" box="[279,403,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">S. japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the only marine triclad species to be found is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51854D324C03DE3DFEEFE2822FB76AB7" authorityName="Chen & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[304,477,1423,1445]" family="Bdellouridae" genus="Nerpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fistulata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4F1EAA34C03DE3DFEEFE2822FB76AB7" box="[304,477,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Nerpa fistulata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue