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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia? spica (Eichwald, 1855), form B, RGM 1310237 D-F T.? spica, transitional form, LV 201501 G-I T.? spica, form B, LV 201502 J-L T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310230 M-O T.? spica, form B, RGM 1310231 P T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310233 Q T.? spica, transitional form, RGM 1310236 R T.? spica, RGM 1309813." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214778" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 15A-R</figureCitation>
<treatment id="0E0A087A22CA55E3476B6AFC7FDBFB7C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229655" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E0A087A22CA55E3476B6AFC7FDBFB7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E0A087A22CA55E3476B6AFC7FDBFB7C" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Hydrobiidae" scope_subClass="Caenogastropoda" scope_subFamily="Pyrgulinae" scope_superFamily="Truncatelloidea">
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<taxonomicName id="D19626008B7A7BAAC77BA42499A11C5F" ID-CoL="59QF6" authority="(Eichwald, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia? spica (Eichwald, 1855)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="50D41C93B836D1070A7AF21BF5C1262A" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia? spica (Eichwald, 1855), form B, RGM 1310237 D-F T.? spica, transitional form, LV 201501 G-I T.? spica, form B, LV 201502 J-L T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310230 M-O T.? spica, form B, RGM 1310231 P T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310233 Q T.? spica, transitional form, RGM 1310236 R T.? spica, RGM 1309813." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214778" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 15A-R</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="3CF6F20260F4843AFE7539E69E8B6501" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="11F53E739F578C16D886BFDAC813339A" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
? *1855
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Paludina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paludina spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Paludina spica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C04EE8B12D1FC0EA9007DFA9AB879AC9" authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Paludina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paludina spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Paludina spica</taxonomicName>
m.; Eichwald: 303-304, pl. 10, figs 8-9.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="DCDA92273F489D807809F47347B34444" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="1A6FB37252C425A9099919D044185C58" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
? 1887
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Micromelania spica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E44596A353BC246DA9E1530CBB13862D" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Micromelania spica</taxonomicName>
Eichw. sp. - W. Dybowski: 29-31.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="FB04F00B41B221D4321FF7559E4BA564" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="426D4AB30ABD9FBD534235209C9F6DB0" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
? 1888
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micr.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4768BA419AAF5DB60AA4931F545B5586" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Micr.</emphasis>
[
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">omelania</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9D974DC4CCCD1EE6CA299B143B776460" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">omelania</emphasis>
]
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">spica</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CA0E6594315556B42FAC5746D4BF94E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">spica</emphasis>
Eichw. sp. - W. Dybowski: 78, pl. 1, figs 6a-c, pl. 3, figs 11a-d.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="D8BF1E8FFD2B8569C44BC2061CE62081" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="92EC44D0DC021E62774DDC389456E213" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
? 1917
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania (Turricaspia) spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica" subGenus="Turricaspia">Micromelania (Turricaspia) spica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DB38982987F3854BCB1461DBFDC8B96A" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania (Turricaspia) spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica" subGenus="Turricaspia">Micromelania (Turricaspia) spica</taxonomicName>
Eichw. - B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki: 16-17, pl. 3, figs 22-27.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="FCE4626A43B072E9DF8107E819765A78" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="851C41414EFCA88897E3DE0980AF91D1" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
? 1952
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Micromelania spica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D5F957CD8D9F565B477B2BD6979C4256" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Micromelania spica</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1855). - Zhadin: 252-253, fig. 194.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="A69E9751083EBED4366E43F5EF18D780" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="A3C8DB2AD28F422E0318927E48EEB545" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
? 1992
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1815A4F3A952F2ACE3783667CCB224D6" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
. - Anistratenko &amp; Prisyazhniuk: 19, fig. 2d.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="29803F0A3852D0686AD53B07D5E5497D" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="15391EE9786B7ADE8C626D2DF1083982" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
? 2006
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F4347973CC0DC30613D389BB1BC46D33" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1855). - Kantor &amp; Sysoev: 110, pl. 49, fig. F.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="6AC29E5D210D3BEA32018A153AAED5EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="3C755EAA660B563C28C1C74699DDAEB0" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
? 2009
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia cf. spica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AC2377A4D02965E855B9021F46D5BFD6" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia cf. spica</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1855). - Filippov &amp; Riedel: 70, 72, 74, 76, figs 4e-f.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="D77A5D580C6E8DC88822967ABC231ADB" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4E531042B1337E25CAEE9BBBF9104EBC" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
? 2016
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="46706FF6D06ADA75ADE20165243AAB07" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia spica</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1855). - Vinarski &amp; Kantor: 250.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<specimenCount type="generic">1420 specimens</specimenCount>
<subSubSection id="F64EDA121B2B166AF72C77EF8106D655" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D5574EB7C0574FE37A07763646C0515D" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C703204FC32C0F4A3475956C58C9895D" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation id="E989445FA4191F40CDE15684C12CB540" abbreviationString="LV 201502" accessionNumber="LV 201501, LV 201502" collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectionCode="RGM, LV" prefix="LV" specimenCode="RGM 1309784, RGM 1309785, RGM 1309786, RGM 1309811, RGM 1309812, RGM 1309813, RGM 1310229, RGM 1310233, RGM 1310239, RGM 1310240, LV 201501, LV 201502" specimenCount="1420" type="Arabic" value="201501" valueMax="201750" valueMin="201501" values="201501-201530,201731-201750">
<specimenCount id="7F5324F088FD1CD21AAB756875CA1BA9" type="generic">1420 specimens</specimenCount>
(
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,
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<specimenCode id="7799DD0193622C0EB00B1EA114F7373A">RGM 1309785</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>RGM 1309786</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="124078477476525D38A4B26FC74B7902">RGM 1309786</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>RGM 1309811</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="7AF139335D71BD427E8C732F4F7F8B65">RGM 1309811</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>RGM 1309812</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="209BC3094D16ED1D9981CB45466492F2">RGM 1309812</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>RGM 1309813</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="F9C8D54D5BC16AA20FC60749A59E2A56">RGM 1309813</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>RGM 1310229</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="0B8183F1665F6F37BFC3BAC57643E3CD">RGM 1310229</specimenCode>
-1310231,
<specimenCode>RGM 1310233</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="9C6861DFC111B4C8A29E8B766C535A82">RGM 1310233</specimenCode>
-1310237,
<specimenCode>RGM 1310239</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="D89F7C0C4559303BA386B9ECDF0B509A">RGM 1310239</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>RGM 1310240</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="EB54DE81E9F7E708CBA90D87CC485821">RGM 1310240</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>LV 201501</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="9B026004F4DFE5A94EECC1245B8A6E24">LV 201501</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>LV 201502</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="45B09C40C1D799DD99FCACF4A354C08A">LV 201502</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
<subSubSection id="AA490B162DB8AA3DB265899AB7D94845" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type material">
<paragraph id="ED83623FDD32D30A4E40E6E1EF922329" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="8F2EABD613AF0523BDF8A4C06F417C76">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph id="50991D1981DC78A600993586FB43750C" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Not traced, most probably in
<collectionCode collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="36A565A5957EB34BF61FDA426F16CD97" collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B121" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YuI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BD0442BDF04F9B47D30956129C5A3C92" author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B121" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YuI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
<subSubSection id="325612062F327161EE0265CFFB95DC04" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="2A3C72EB4AA11A43A1AE3760B068706A" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="3FB18D7CF1A229617964B1CAB412C10F">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph id="832F156E1CD3E490FA2D7E5B941E91AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
&quot;Im kapischen Meere, am Ufer der Insel Tschetschnja,
<normalizedToken originalValue="vorzüglich">vorzueglich</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="nLittorinimorphastwärs">nLittorinimorphastwaers</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CE9353D9085232F1C5E1071BEA212BB5" originalValue="vorzüglich">vorzueglich</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="46C5FF27D6750BD673F7E12A0FE6A91F" originalValue="nLittorinimorphastwärs">nLittorinimorphastwaers</normalizedToken>
von der Insel im Meeresgrunde&quot; (in the Caspian Sea, at the shores of Ostrov
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chechen">Chechen'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="93A33BF7B1195408FA5B611115327FE6" originalValue="Chechen">Chechen'</normalizedToken>
, especially on the seafloor northeast of the island).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Dimensions.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="F53F21C7E99FE03967BC000A18BCD30E" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="50B18478E10C0CD8C3A376BF359D483B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Dimensions.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A60B06E5B0FF67C82F758695E55A908" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
6.40
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" unit="mm" value="218.0">2.18 mm</quantity>
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<quantity id="289B6CB2386320C098F38BE25718E563" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" unit="mm" value="218.0">2.18 mm</quantity>
(
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1310237, Fig.
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<quantity id="77BFD39583773C8A8AD3A834FE459B1C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" unit="mm" value="227.0">2.27 mm</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="F1680FA2957E2B75721A3463BCA632B1" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15324" name="Catholic University of Leuven" type="Herbarium">LV</collectionCode>
201501, Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A320401307A5CD759F2E6F1F865949C0" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia? spica (Eichwald, 1855), form B, RGM 1310237 D-F T.? spica, transitional form, LV 201501 G-I T.? spica, form B, LV 201502 J-L T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310230 M-O T.? spica, form B, RGM 1310231 P T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310233 Q T.? spica, transitional form, RGM 1310236 R T.? spica, RGM 1309813." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214778" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">15D-F</figureCitation>
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<quantity id="90182C9B3421C04D3863EE39CF4C22B2" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" unit="mm" value="219.0">2.19 mm</quantity>
(
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<collectionCode id="3F679F41E45E8982796051BCD91298EB" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15324" name="Catholic University of Leuven" type="Herbarium">LV</collectionCode>
201502, Fig.
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<figureCitation id="EC694D2A0283E29F4794BFAFA29251C0" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia? spica (Eichwald, 1855), form B, RGM 1310237 D-F T.? spica, transitional form, LV 201501 G-I T.? spica, form B, LV 201502 J-L T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310230 M-O T.? spica, form B, RGM 1310231 P T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310233 Q T.? spica, transitional form, RGM 1310236 R T.? spica, RGM 1309813." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214778" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">15G-I</figureCitation>
); 6.36
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" unit="mm" value="221.0">2.21 mm</quantity>
<normalizedToken id="023127D0AC4201745BFEDF69F95E2608" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="3D6BAA54CBBB7C67FC8279B56394B7BD" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" unit="mm" value="221.0">2.21 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="A6F2149E64AD8064ABEF82026F606095" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310230, Fig.
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<figureCitation id="F010EEAE983BDA6BA94EB23593275B4C" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia? spica (Eichwald, 1855), form B, RGM 1310237 D-F T.? spica, transitional form, LV 201501 G-I T.? spica, form B, LV 201502 J-L T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310230 M-O T.? spica, form B, RGM 1310231 P T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310233 Q T.? spica, transitional form, RGM 1310236 R T.? spica, RGM 1309813." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214778" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">15J-L</figureCitation>
); 6.01
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1310231, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia? spica (Eichwald, 1855), form B, RGM 1310237 D-F T.? spica, transitional form, LV 201501 G-I T.? spica, form B, LV 201502 J-L T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310230 M-O T.? spica, form B, RGM 1310231 P T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310233 Q T.? spica, transitional form, RGM 1310236 R T.? spica, RGM 1309813." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214778" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">15M-O</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F09E29826CECA9E4CBDAD2C0D27E62A6" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia? spica (Eichwald, 1855), form B, RGM 1310237 D-F T.? spica, transitional form, LV 201501 G-I T.? spica, form B, LV 201502 J-L T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310230 M-O T.? spica, form B, RGM 1310231 P T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310233 Q T.? spica, transitional form, RGM 1310236 R T.? spica, RGM 1309813." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214778" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">15M-O</figureCitation>
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2.00 mm (
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1310233, Fig.
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<quantity id="8A36B1B3C1B630682DB0160F10B523B9" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" unit="mm" value="197.0">1.97 mm</quantity>
(
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1310236, Fig.
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<figureCitation id="37984CE1F647264FA9F63C1CEA721F42" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia? spica (Eichwald, 1855), form B, RGM 1310237 D-F T.? spica, transitional form, LV 201501 G-I T.? spica, form B, LV 201502 J-L T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310230 M-O T.? spica, form B, RGM 1310231 P T.? spica, form A, RGM 1310233 Q T.? spica, transitional form, RGM 1310236 R T.? spica, RGM 1309813." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214778" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">15Q</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310433" doi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214778" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brusina" baseAuthorityYear="1881" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pyrgulinae">Pyrgulinae</taxonomicName>
<caption id="0A2608D10180568759FEE4F2A2997A46" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310433" doi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214778" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph id="FEDB2B622B942D738FEE3B250B4A70CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="E0C4F92158FFA444755153A197748777" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E1520A78B2C0713855D8466092FEF904" baseAuthorityName="Brusina" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pyrgulinae">Pyrgulinae</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A-C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia? spica</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1C4399472EEBBCF6255DFB3EB0FD70E9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A-C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="14B3DCA4016E2C3F8F3B2FAED5B7C8C2" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">Turricaspia? spica</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1855), form B,
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="1FC7AFE9D9B6404364E53F8FBD2A3CB5" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310237
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D-F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A501D97E97CD2604E2FB5BED860202C1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D-F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="504D5453628722242E5C7B2F8F2E5B9C" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
, transitional form, LV 201501
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">G-I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F4229309958936459D5866C5268A6067" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">G-I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5391D7250696F5C50967C8980BE45FC" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
, form B, LV 201502
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">J-L</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="629EFE8B344FE6B3A64A8E4C5BF13C17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">J-L</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="093FFC3E73744F3215C81B7A98CBC09F" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
, form A,
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="D5BAD625DD9BB6C0CBAFCE9C1E1AF939" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310230
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">M-O</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="412616C6334CDDB89981A4D230AC04FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">M-O</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EB17B1F8C586A8B65D3487B74782C814" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
, form B,
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="44AE72FDAF0A0BAF8F46C04DB33AFF86" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310231
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F2037818E5A187886A0274AA02261F8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="142A1851E6B7513777837D5E361613F2" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
, form A,
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="93C3687C83CEAA4B484ADCBC625F09EA" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310233
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Q</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="60D7B9EA5A211C82C10D32DC6FEFD488" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Q</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0DB5DB350F14A9ACC5C833D804C6D61D" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
, transitional form,
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="2EF2136B5752EEEA537C724A2E0F4C05" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310236
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">R</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9252746F7BD7C69FBEF5A0C6A205E6A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">R</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA994964B8C61866016635E546B246A2" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">T.? spica</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="32F09ADB6C77D666A65692D01C3BAFD2" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1309813.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="EA09D416FBC5785516F1143F222DF47F" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="83620BB3C440298B990DEC9FBCAE9DCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013ADD7045EFA74DE8F2A4E10E29F872" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Slender elongate shell, with up to nine convex whorls. Protoconch forms small bulbous cap, consisting of 1.3 whorls that measure 365
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="86523D0AD1519C66812CD8A67ADD74EB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter; surface weakly granulate, spiral striae set in after 0.5 whorls; nucleus is 140
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="50BDC56CFFD37E77A19A305F6F6AE8DE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide; P/T boundary marked by thin, sharp axial line. Early teleoconch whorls have low convex profile. Two morphotypes are present: form A is broader, with whorls increasing slightly more in height (thus producing relatively larger last whorl) and little convex whorls; form B is more slender, whorls increase less fast in height in relation to width and whorl profile is stronger and more regularly convex. Both
<typeStatus>types</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="15FE80767E7BB9CF9D220E5FB46A378F">types</typeStatus>
are linked via intermediates. Generally, whorl profile varies between regularly convex (of varying strength), laterally flattened or bipartite (with near straight-sided upper half and convex lower half; rarely, transition between halves coincides with spiral thread). Suture is narrow. In some specimens, last whorl is slightly inflated and aperture is expanded. Traces of spiral sculpture, ranging from faint lines to blunt keels of variable number occur on several shells. Aperture expansion and sculpture are found on both morphotypes, as well as in intermediates. Umbilicus mostly covered by inner lip; if open, it is very narrow. Growth lines markedly sigmoidal, with prosocline upper third and opisthocline lower two-thirds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">The huge morphological variability with intergrading morphotypes complicates reasonable taxonomic distinctions within this taxon. Moreover, much of the shape variation (especially in later whorls) seems to be a result of shell repair after predator-induced damage.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="A1BE5EA3370579AE8FA8201D4B218D15" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B9E147F62B9D49E5C1E7ABB4004B78C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="111F93889A64F0734EFDC91F6E970984" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">The huge morphological variability with intergrading morphotypes complicates reasonable taxonomic distinctions within this taxon. Moreover, much of the shape variation (especially in later whorls) seems to be a result of shell repair after predator-induced damage.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="865031DD263EF23F2721FAA5C291C380" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The variability also hampers linking our material to an existing name. Several species (and varieties) have been introduced for slender elongate, multi-whorled shells from the Caspian Sea. While the sculptured representatives can be fairly well delimited, the smooth-shelled taxa have caused considerable confusion. Particularly challenging are the many small, slender species with pointy apex, moderately to strongly convex whorls and thin peristome. The group includes (aside from
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spica</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA6B95B38A33A2781936B05B5815147F" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis id="706732A9C60CF9BBE95976A2D260D424" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. elegantula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="elegantula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. elegantula</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="891344F8097FD1E69E09ED8325642BE3" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. elegantula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegantula">
<emphasis id="1965EB4125BFAB82865A9FC6FCB7A7D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. elegantula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Clessin &amp; W. Dybowski in W. Dybowski, 1887),
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. turricula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="turricula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. turricula</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="90D370F5CE4F5B19715D40DB95BEEEB7" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. turricula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turricula">
<emphasis id="AD28D44817A4DEA3BCB0BBEEA9DFD0AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. turricula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915),
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nossovi" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="nossovi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. nossovi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4BA8D1E83C0241A2BA90729BCE39A571" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nossovi" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nossovi">
<emphasis id="D8AAF00E9D0FC509938530475E4C9A27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. nossovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kolesnikov, 1947),
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. concinna" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="concinna">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. concinna</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="450353A909542C59BEF76AB24A5C237B" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. concinna" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="concinna">
<emphasis id="B3A8AEA17DA58447027B48AD6FD95F9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. concinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Logvinenko &amp; Starobogatov, 1969),
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spasskii" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spasskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spasskii</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FD3BB934DE17DCF22A6A42EB5403DE68" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spasskii" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spasskii">
<emphasis id="8FCD121836D9FBEC4200169C2B601E59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spasskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Logvinenko &amp; Starobogatov, 1969),
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. uralensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. uralensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4E00CD2EF9FA7C9908DCB61814412A32" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. uralensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="uralensis">
<emphasis id="48EABFDDD474C0E3AC9B0D1473638C7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. uralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Logvinenko &amp; Starobogatov, 1969) and
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. astrachanica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="astrachanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. astrachanica</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFCB9F78644C3D8FF0EA6C41BD411A71" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. astrachanica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="astrachanica">
<emphasis id="96277EF53215CDCAB143D98257AC350B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. astrachanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pirogov, 1971).
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia lyrata" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lyrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia lyrata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A0534FB024B9D1BEDF6EA3C74D268898" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia lyrata" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lyrata">
<emphasis id="DC32A34D25AF684C56AFF9B225ED18CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia lyrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915), which was originally introduced as subspecies of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spica</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69FCE4C005103657440FB79269F2BF2C" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis id="0072E6011311BB7DCFA88EAE73655467" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, can be well delimited from that group because of its much larger, blunt apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph id="BD3C2AA96865A732A059ECB29F804B39" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
A major problem in identifying and discriminating those species is that the concepts applied by later authors occasionally diverge largely from the original perceptions. This especially regards
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spica</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A6294749D88F8028E15B67C5ED26C2E4" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis id="8C4AB1685C05546BBED6023AD6634A00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the species described by B.
<bibRefCitation author="Dybowski, B" journalOrPublisher="Petersbourg" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B32" refString="Dybowski, B, Grochmalicki, J, 1915. Ueber kaspische Schnecken aus der Abteilung &quot;Turricaspiinae&quot; subfam. nova zum Vergleich mit den Turribaikalina nobis. Petrograd, 34 pp. [numbered 103-136], 3 pls." title="Ueber kaspische Schnecken aus der Abteilung &quot; Turricaspiinae &quot; subfam. nova zum Vergleich mit den Turribaikalina nobis. Petrograd, 34 pp. [numbered 103 - 136], 3 pls." year="1915">Dybowski and Grochmalicki (1915)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8555C5C760F0F6850EBD9E33FFD96B6E" author="Dybowski, B" journalOrPublisher="Petersbourg" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B32" refString="Dybowski, B, Grochmalicki, J, 1915. Ueber kaspische Schnecken aus der Abteilung &quot;Turricaspiinae&quot; subfam. nova zum Vergleich mit den Turribaikalina nobis. Petrograd, 34 pp. [numbered 103-136], 3 pls." title="Ueber kaspische Schnecken aus der Abteilung &quot; Turricaspiinae &quot; subfam. nova zum Vergleich mit den Turribaikalina nobis. Petrograd, 34 pp. [numbered 103 - 136], 3 pls." year="1915">Dybowski and Grochmalicki (1915)</bibRefCitation>
. Unfortunately, the
<typeStatus>types</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="9A117E7FADAD09A4879459E5B53FACBE">types</typeStatus>
for these species are not known for sure (
<bibRefCitation author="Kantor, YuI" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B58" refString="Kantor, YuI, Sysoev, AV, 2006. Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog." year="2006">Kantor and Sysoev 2006</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="6EABD17B4089B159903DD0E051CB2165" author="Kantor, YuI" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B58" refString="Kantor, YuI, Sysoev, AV, 2006. Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog." year="2006">Kantor and Sysoev 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B121" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YuI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2BBAF75C02AF4A360155429C55A9F6E5" author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B121" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YuI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
) and the original descriptions, drawings, and illustrations are mostly insufficient to allow distinction. Beyond that, different traits have been considered as diagnostic by different authors when describing new species, and morphological variability was hardly considered at all.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph id="92833751815F9E5BC779DF1B62FEFED3" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The identity of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia spica</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="051D673564399BEC642E90DB3CC68AE4" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis id="BC38EDE488919346B14582F32534B691" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia spica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sensu Eichwald) is dubious. The original description and illustration do not allow distinction from other similar species. The present specimens differ slightly from
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spica</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CD87571389776570748D1C13B3CF2C20" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis id="4C84BD386AD46CF9B3027F1F96BA4E80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu Kantor &amp; Sysoev, 2006, which is characterized by a faster whorl accretion rate and relatively higher whorls (including the last whorl). In contrast, our material largely fits the concept of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spica</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="801CAED6BC22A52CBC702C8FB404EFDF" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis id="72B3273BB18F863531358FB58EF64A87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. spica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as used by B.
<bibRefCitation author="Dybowski, B" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 55" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" refId="B33" refString="Dybowski, B, Grochmalicki, J, 1917. Studien ueber die turmfoermigen Schnecken des Baikalsees und des Kaspimeeres (Turribaicaliinae - Turricaspiinae). Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 9 (3): 1 - 55, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" title="Studien ueber die turmfoermigen Schnecken des Baikalsees und des Kaspimeeres (Turribaicaliinae - Turricaspiinae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" volume="9" year="1917">Dybowski and Grochmalicki (1917)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="199824EB9047EB710C551433249BBF61" author="Dybowski, B" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 55" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" refId="B33" refString="Dybowski, B, Grochmalicki, J, 1917. Studien ueber die turmfoermigen Schnecken des Baikalsees und des Kaspimeeres (Turribaicaliinae - Turricaspiinae). Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 9 (3): 1 - 55, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" title="Studien ueber die turmfoermigen Schnecken des Baikalsees und des Kaspimeeres (Turribaicaliinae - Turricaspiinae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" volume="9" year="1917">Dybowski and Grochmalicki (1917)</bibRefCitation>
. We tentatively classify the Selitrennoye specimens in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia spica</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="342FB172C11171828B95D3F2BC3BA173" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis id="32EF4832BC1E86F4CD73916BBE0BB571" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia spica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being the oldest available name of the group. Many of the later proposed names might turn out to be junior synonyms. A more in-depth study is required to solve this problematic case.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia spica</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="24A202961458630B538DFB441B364C23" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6CA5640D227D86D70285185ADE77540B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F0F73F7E6F730081C619FE99D351CC34" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="C81DA9F5DAC54AF5E9DD459D5BA4B3BE" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia spica" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
<emphasis id="3447172B21AF09CEB1D2276F2A071407" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia spica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the Caspian Sea. After
<bibRefCitation author="Logvinenko, BM" editor="Birshtein, YaA" journalOrPublisher="Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 385" refId="B70" refString="Logvinenko, BM, Starobogatov, YaI, 1969. Mollusca. In: Birshtein, YaA, Vinogradov, LG, Kondakov, NN, Kuhn, MS, Astakhova, TV, Romanova, NN, Eds., Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva: 308 - 385" title="Mollusca." volumeTitle="Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya." year="1969">Logvinenko and Starobogatov (1969)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="AC7DA1329F9F49B202684D31F2EE6980" author="Logvinenko, BM" editor="Birshtein, YaA" journalOrPublisher="Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 385" refId="B70" refString="Logvinenko, BM, Starobogatov, YaI, 1969. Mollusca. In: Birshtein, YaA, Vinogradov, LG, Kondakov, NN, Kuhn, MS, Astakhova, TV, Romanova, NN, Eds., Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva: 308 - 385" title="Mollusca." volumeTitle="Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya." year="1969">Logvinenko and Starobogatov (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, it occurs at a water depth between 0 and
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
<quantity id="835684270BC32C5127509743B2C49773" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
, but those authors applied a different concept of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>