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Kovac, Kameneva &amp; V. Korneyev
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<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2AFFBEFF215192FD94FF3A" blockId="74.[151,967,151,286]" box="[151,590,223,250]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">GenBank accession number PQ331195</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2AFFBEFF21504EFF22FEDE" box="[151,248,259,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1436,181,1703]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat, adults and larvae of bamboo-inhabiting Ulidiidae in Bolivia (Aspistomella sp., Ulivellia sp.). A, a stand of Guadua angustifolia subsp. chacoensis along a stream in the Buena Vista region; B, Aspistomella duo sp. nov. on a bamboo culm; C, Aspistomella tres sp. nov. on a bamboo culm; D, ulidiid larvae inhabit young bamboo culms that still have basal culm sheaths (arrow); E, entry hole made by a Crambidae (Lepidoptera) caterpillar; F, interior view of the bamboo internode wall showing a Crambidae caterpillar, the area eaten up by the caterpillar (a), the crambid entry hole (b) and the protective web made by the caterpillar (c); G, opened internode cavity of a freshly felled bamboo culm showing ulidiid larvae floating on the water surface or crawling in the terrestrial part of the internode; H, ulidiid larvae gathering at the bottom of a drying up internode; I, two ulidiid larvae and a syrphid larva floating on the water surface (the arrow points to the siphon of the syrphid larva). (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023151/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs 1 C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2AFFBEFEB2504EFEEAFEDE" box="[260,304,259,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[175,1418,206,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[151,1436,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Aspistomella, wing. A, A. pachitea sp. nov.; B, A. heteroptera Hendel; C, A. duo sp. nov.; D, A. tres sp. nov.; E, A. lobioptera Hendel; F, A. steyskali sp. nov.; G, A. lunata (Hendel); H, A. enderleini sp. nov. Abbreviations: C—costal vein; c—costal cell; dm—discal medial cell; h—humeral crossvein; M1—first branch of media; M4—fourth branch of media; m1— first medial cell; m4—fourth medial cell; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius; r1—first radial cell; R2+3—second branch of radius; R 4+5 —third branch of radius; r 4+5 —fourth + fifth radial cell. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023161/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">5 D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2AFFBEFE8D5049FEBFFEDE" box="[315,357,260,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,215,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cephalopharyngeal skeletons of Aspistomella (A–B) and Ulivellia (C–D) and scheme for measuring the mouthhook and posterior spiracles (E–F). A, Aspistomella duo sp. nov.; B, A. tres sp. nov.; C, Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov.; D, U. tenoris sp. nov.; E, mouthhook measurements; F, posterior spiracles measurements.The scale of A–D is the same.Abbreviations:at—apical tooth, cr—cibarial ridge, da—dorsal apodeme, db—dorsal bridge, dc—dorsal cornu, ds—dental sclerite, hs—hypopharyngeal sclerite, mh—mouth hook, n—neck, pb—parastomal bars, ps—pharyngeal sclerite, pt—preapical tooth, tp—tentorial phragma, va—ventral apodeme, vb—ventral bridge, vc—ventral cornu, w—light window. Measurements: sd—shortest distance, sw— spiracular width,—a–e, see Material and Methods. (All figures by Alexander Schneider.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023165/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">7 B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2AFFBEFEC75049FE41FEDE" box="[369,411,260,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Larvae and puparia of Aspistomella (A–B, F–G, I) and Ulivellia (C–E, H). A, A. duo larva, posterior spiracles; B, A. tres larva, same; C, U. tenoris larva, right posterior spiracle; D, U. arcuata larva, right posterior spiracle; E, U. arcuata puparium, right posterior spiracle; F, Aspistomella sp. larva, right posterior spiracle; G, A. duo, empty puparial exuvium; H, U. tenoris empty puparial exuvium; I, A. duo larva, creeping welt on fifth abdominal segment. Arrow indicates an incomplete second row of large spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023171/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">9 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2AFFBEFE115049FE36FEDE" box="[423,492,260,286]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 44" captionStart-1="FIGURE 45" captionStart-2="FIGURE 46" captionStart-3="FIGURE 47" captionStartId-0="75.[151,250,1437,1461]" captionStartId-1="76.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="78.[151,250,1626,1650]" captionStartId-3="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1419,194,1414]" captionTargetBox-1="[225,1362,181,1916]" captionTargetBox-2="[157,1430,495,1597]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,273,1691]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@75.[155,1431,181,1414]" captionTargetId-1="figure-30@76.[225,1362,181,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure-194@78.[151,1436,489,1602]" captionTargetId-3="figure-72@79.[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetPageId-0="75" captionTargetPageId-1="76" captionTargetPageId-2="78" captionTargetPageId-3="79" captionText-0="FIGURE 44. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, mesonotum, dorsal; D, head, dorsal; E, same, anterior; F, wing, anterobasal part. Abbreviations: c—costal cell; C—costal vein; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius. Scale bar: 1 mm (same for A and B)." captionText-1="FIGURE 45. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. SEM views ♂. A, head, left; B, face and gena, anterolateral; C, gena: microtrichia; D, postgena: microtrichia; E, lobe of costal cell and pterostigma; F, microtrichia and spinulose setulae on costal vein; G, mesonotum, setulae and microtrichia; H, same, enlarged. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" captionText-2="FIGURE 46. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. ♂ genitalia. A, postabdomen, posterior; B, same, lateral; C, hypandrium, anterior; D, surstylus, anteroventral; E, same, lateral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; ph—phallus; phapod—phallapodeme; pi p—pimple-like process; s—seta; sur—surstylus." captionText-3="FIGURE 47. A. tres sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and anterior spiracles. (A-E) and Aspistomella sp., anterior spiracles (F). A, CW1 on abdominal segment I; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, right posterior spiracle of A. tres sp. nov.; F, left anterior spiracle of Aspistomella sp. Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023286" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023288" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023290" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14023286/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14023288/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14023290/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">44–47</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E2AFFBEFF215006FDDEFC66" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2AFFBEFF215006FB4AFD32" blockId="74.[151,1437,331,1834]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFF215006FE1DFEA6" bold="true" box="[151,455,331,358]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Material examined. Type.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFE785001FB68FE4A" collectedFrom="on felled bamboo culm (Guadua chacoensis, last year)" collectingDate="2011-01-12" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="D. Kovac" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="[El Cairo] near Santa Cruz" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" municipality="Buena Vista" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFE785001FDE1FEA6" bold="true" box="[462,571,332,358]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<typeStatus id="54E2269C1E2AFFBEFE785001FDE1FEA6" box="[462,571,332,358]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFDF75001FD8CFEA6" box="[577,598,332,358]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
: “
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFDC65006FD1EFEA5" bold="true" box="[624,708,331,357]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<collectingCountry id="F34ED8AE1E2AFFBEFDC65006FD1EFEA5" box="[624,708,331,357]" name="Bolivia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8202441E2AFFBEFD655001FC83FEA5" box="[723,857,331,358]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Buena Vista</collectingMunicipality>
<location id="8E86CEE51E2AFFBEFCD65006FB50FEA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F029281E2AFFA4FF2151DAFA51FE49:8E86CEE51E2AFFBEFCD65006FB50FEA6" box="[864,1162,331,358]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" municipality="Buena Vista" name="[El Cairo] near Santa Cruz" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">[El Cairo] near Santa Cruz</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFB2A5001FAD6FEA6" box="[1180,1292,332,358]" degrees="17.4734" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-17.4734">17.4734S</geoCoordinate>
,
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],
<collectedFrom id="3845DBC31E2AFFBEFF21503DFD2CFE4A" box="[151,758,367,394]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
on felled bamboo culm (
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFE135022FD5AFE49" box="[421,640,367,393]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFE135022FD5AFE49" box="[421,640,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, last year)
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFCB65022FCB1FE49" box="[768,875,367,393]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFCB65022FCB1FE49" box="[768,875,367,393]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-12">12.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol 13/11
<collectorName id="26ACFDE81E2AFFBEFC5E503DFB8EFE4A" box="[1000,1108,368,394]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">D. Kovac</collectorName>
” (
<collectionCode id="ED4800FB1E2AFFBEFBDA503DFB70FE4A" box="[1132,1194,368,394]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">SMF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFB0D503DFD57FE11" collectedFrom="on freshly felled bamboo culm (expint, Guadua chacoensis)" collectingDate="2011-01-10" collectorName="El Cairo &amp; Bol" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.5009" location="near Buena Vista (El Cairo)" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.705" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFB0D503DFAE9FE4A" bold="true" box="[1211,1331,368,394]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<typeStatus id="54E2269C1E2AFFBEFB0D503DFAE9FE4A" box="[1211,1331,368,394]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFAF65022FA4EFE49" bold="true" box="[1344,1428,367,393]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<collectingCountry id="F34ED8AE1E2AFFBEFAF65022FA4EFE49" box="[1344,1428,367,393]" name="Bolivia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFF2150D9FF1FFE6E" box="[151,197,404,430]" count="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="499D56DC1E2AFFBEFF6150D9FE80FE6E" box="[215,346,404,430]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E86CEE51E2AFFBEFEDF50D9FD6BFE6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F029281E2AFFA4FF2151DAFA51FE49:8E86CEE51E2AFFBEFEDF50D9FD6BFE6D" box="[361,689,403,430]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.5009" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.705" name="near Buena Vista (El Cairo)" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">near Buena Vista (El Cairo)</location>
[
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFD7450DEFCE8FE6E" box="[706,818,403,430]" degrees="17.5009" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-17.5009">17.5009S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFCF450DEFC67FE6E" box="[834,957,403,430]" degrees="63.7050" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-63.705">63.7050W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectedFrom id="3845DBC31E2AFFBEFC6450D9FE5AFE12" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
on freshly felled bamboo culm (expint,
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFF2150FAFEAFFE11" box="[151,373,439,465]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFF2150FAFEAFFE11" box="[151,373,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFE3850FAFE20FE11" box="[398,506,439,465]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFE3850FAFE20FE11" box="[398,506,439,465]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-10">10.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol B4b/11
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFD2C50F5FD4EFE36" collectedFrom="on felled bamboo culm (Guadua chacoensis, last year)" collectingDate="2011-01-15" collectorName="Bol" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="Buena Vista" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFD2C50F5FD1FFE12" box="[666,709,440,466]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, idem [
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFC2F50FAFBCFFE11" box="[921,1045,439,465]" degrees="63.6922" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-63.6922">63.6922W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectedFrom id="3845DBC31E2AFFBEFB9E50F5FE56FE36" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
on felled bamboo culm (
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFAF450FAFEC8FE35" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFAF450FAFEC8FE35" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, last year)
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFE2E5096FDD9FE36" box="[408,515,475,502]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-15">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFE2E5096FDD9FE36" box="[408,515,475,502]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-15">15.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol B20/11
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFD175091FD75FDDA" collectedFrom="on felled bamboo culm (Guadua chacoensis, last year)" collectingDate="2011-01-17" collectorName="Bol" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="Buena Vista" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFD175091FD16FE36" box="[673,716,476,502]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, idem [
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFC975091FC4BFE36" box="[801,913,476,502]" degrees="17.4734" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-17.4734">17.4734S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFC285096FBC3FE35" box="[926,1049,475,501]" degrees="63.6922" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-63.6922">63.6922W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectedFrom id="3845DBC31E2AFFBEFB9D5091FE4CFDDA" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
on felled bamboo culm (
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFAF45096FEC8FDD9" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFAF45096FEC8FDD9" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, last year)
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFE1150B2FDC8FDD9" box="[423,530,511,537]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-17">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFE1150B2FDC8FDD9" box="[423,530,511,537]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-17">17.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol B34/11
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFD76534DFCBAFDFE" collectedFrom="on bamboo culm (Guadua chacoensis, last year)" collectingDate="2011-01-18" collectorName="Bol" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="Buena Vista" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFD76534DFD2AFDDA" box="[704,752,512,538]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, idem [
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFC6750B2FB96FDD9" box="[977,1100,511,537]" degrees="63.6922" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-63.6922">63.6922W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectedFrom id="3845DBC31E2AFFBEFBD5534DFE56FDFE" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
on bamboo culm (
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFAF450B2FEC8FDFD" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFAF450B2FEC8FDFD" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, last year)
</collectedFrom>
, sheaths removed,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFDD5536EFD14FDFD" box="[611,718,547,573]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-18">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFDD5536EFD14FDFD" box="[611,718,547,573]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-18">18.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol B80/11
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFCDA5369FC46FDA2" collectedFrom="on upright bamboo culm (Guadua chacoensis, last year)" collectingDate="2011-01-29" collectingDateMax="2011-02-08" collectingDateMin="2011-01-29" collectorName="Bol" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.5009" location="Buena Vista" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6743" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFCDA5369FC4AFDFE" box="[876,912,548,574]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFC285369FC13FDFE" box="[926,969,548,574]" count="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, idem [
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFBA8536EFB54FDFE" box="[1054,1166,547,574]" degrees="17.5009" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-17.5009">17.5009S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFB2C536EFACFFDFD" box="[1178,1301,547,573]" degrees="63.6743" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-63.6743">63.6743W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectedFrom id="3845DBC31E2AFFBEFA9E5369FD48FDA2" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
on upright bamboo culm (
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFEF6530AFDC1FDA1" box="[320,539,583,609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFEF6530AFDC1FDA1" box="[320,539,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, last year)
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFD2B530AFCD2FDA1" box="[669,776,583,609]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-29">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFD2B530AFCD2FDA1" box="[669,776,583,609]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-29">29.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol B91/11;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFC14530AFC29FD46" collectedFrom="larva in bamboo internode (Guadua chacoensis, last year)" collectingDate="2011-02-08" collectingDateMax="2011-02-08" collectingDateMin="2011-01-29" collectorName="Bol" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.5009" location="Buena Vista" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6743" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
idem[
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFC52530AFB8BFDA2" box="[996,1105,583,610]" degrees="17.5009" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-17.5009">17.5009S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFBED530AFB0CFDA1" box="[1115,1238,583,609]" degrees="63.6743" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-63.6743">63.6743W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectedFrom id="3845DBC31E2AFFBEFB51530AFDBBFD46" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
larva in bamboo internode (
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFEA65326FE31FD45" box="[272,491,619,645]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFEA65326FE31FD45" box="[272,491,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, last year)
</collectedFrom>
, emerged on
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFD455326FC82FD45" box="[755,856,619,645]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-02-08">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFD455326FC82FD45" box="[755,856,619,645]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-02-08">8.ii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol B157/11
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFC4B5321FEE8FD0E" collectedFrom="larva in internode of felled bamboo (Guadua chacoensis, last year)" collectingDate="2011-02-18" collectingDateMax="2011-02-08" collectingDateMin="2011-01-29" collectorName="D. Kovac" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="Buena Vista" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFC4B5321FBFCFD46" box="[1021,1062,620,646]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(leg.
<collectorName id="26ACFDE81E2AFFBEFBD35321FB0BFD46" box="[1125,1233,620,646]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">D. Kovac</collectorName>
) (dissected), idem [
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFF2853DDFED4FD6A" box="[158,270,656,682]" degrees="17.4734" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-17.4734">17.4734S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFEAF53C2FE4EFD69" box="[281,404,655,681]" degrees="63.6922" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-63.6922">63.6922W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectedFrom id="3845DBC31E2AFFBEFE1353C2FB4BFD6A" box="[421,1169,655,682]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
larva in internode of felled bamboo (
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFC8853C2FBC0FD69" box="[830,1050,655,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFC8853C2FBC0FD69" box="[830,1050,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, last year)
</collectedFrom>
, emerged on
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFA9353C2FA4DFD69" box="[1317,1431,655,681]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-02-18">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFA9353C2FA4DFD69" box="[1317,1431,655,681]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-02-18">18.ii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol Z32/3/11
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFEF753F9FDA4FD32" collectedFrom="larva in internode of felled bamboo (Guadua chacoensis, last year)" collectingDate="2011-02-25" collectingDateMax="2011-02-08" collectingDateMin="2011-01-29" collectorName="Bol" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="Buena Vista" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFEF753F9FEAAFD0E" box="[321,368,692,718]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, idem [
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFE7E53F9FDEDFD0E" box="[456,567,692,718]" degrees="17.4734" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-17.4734">17.4734S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFDF053FEFD18FD0D" box="[582,706,691,717]" degrees="63.6922" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-63.6922">63.6922W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectedFrom id="3845DBC31E2AFFBEFD6053FEFF09FD32" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
larva in internode of felled bamboo (
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFB3353FEFABEFD0D" box="[1157,1380,691,717]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFB3353FEFABEFD0D" box="[1157,1380,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, last year)
</collectedFrom>
, emerged on
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFEDF539AFE01FD32" box="[361,475,727,754]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-02-25">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFEDF539AFE01FD32" box="[361,475,727,754]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-02-25">25.ii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol Z32/4/11
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFD3C5395FB56FD32" box="[650,1164,727,754]" collectionCode="SMF, SIZK" collectorName="D. Kovac" country="Bolivia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFD3C5395FD6EFD32" box="[650,692,728,754]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(leg.
<collectorName id="26ACFDE81E2AFFBEFD435395FCB8FD32" box="[757,866,728,754]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">D. Kovac</collectorName>
) (dissected) (
<collectionCode id="ED4800FB1E2AFFBEFC4F5395FBECFD32" box="[1017,1078,728,754]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">SMF</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4800FB1E2AFFBEFBF75395FB5EFD32" box="[1089,1156,728,754]" country="Ukraine" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">SIZK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2AFFBEFF7153B1FDDEFC66" blockId="74.[151,1437,331,1834]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFF7153B1FEEFFCD6" bold="true" box="[199,309,764,790]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Non-type</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFEF353B6FA42FCFA" collectedFrom="on freshly felled bamboo culm (Guadua chacoensis)" collectingDate="2011-01-09" collectorName="D. Kovac" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="(El Cairo) near Santa Cruz" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" municipality="Buena Vista" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFEF353B6FE43FCD5" bold="true" box="[325,409,763,789]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<collectingCountry id="F34ED8AE1E2AFFBEFEF353B6FE43FCD5" box="[325,409,763,789]" name="Bolivia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8202441E2AFFBEFE1E53B1FDEAFCD5" box="[424,560,763,790]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Buena Vista</collectingMunicipality>
<location id="8E86CEE51E2AFFBEFD8E53B6FCBDFCD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F029281E2AFFA4FF2151DAFA51FE49:8E86CEE51E2AFFBEFD8E53B6FCBDFCD6" box="[568,871,763,790]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" municipality="Buena Vista" name="(El Cairo) near Santa Cruz" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">(El Cairo) near Santa Cruz</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFCCF53B1FC33FCD6" box="[889,1001,764,790]" degrees="17.4734" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-17.4734">17.4734S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFC4353B6FBAAFCD5" box="[1013,1136,763,789]" degrees="63.6922" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-63.6922">63.6922W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectedFrom id="3845DBC31E2AFFBEFB3453B1FE1DFCFA" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
on freshly felled bamboo culm (
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFF695252FE66FCF9" box="[223,444,799,825]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFF695252FE66FCF9" box="[223,444,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Guadua chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFE655252FDEAFCF9" box="[467,560,799,825]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-09">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFE655252FDEAFCF9" box="[467,560,799,825]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-09">9.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol B2b/11,
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFD7D526DFC8FFCF9" box="[715,853,799,826]" count="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(sex unknown, abdomens missing) (leg.
<collectorName id="26ACFDE81E2AFFBEFA97526DFA4AFCFA" box="[1313,1424,800,826]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">D. Kovac</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFF21520EFC4DFC9D" box="[151,919,835,862]" collectedFrom="on freshly felled bamboo culm (Guadua chacoensis)" collectingDate="2011-01-28" collectorName="Bol" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="El Cairo" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" municipality="Buena Vista" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
idem [
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFF695209FE95FC9E" box="[223,335,836,862]" degrees="17.4734" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-17.4734">17.4734S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6DFEF91E2AFFBEFEEB520EFE03FC9D" box="[349,473,835,861]" degrees="63.6922" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="5" value="-63.6922">63.6922W</geoCoordinate>
],
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFE5A520EFD82FC9D" box="[492,600,835,861]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-28">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFE5A520EFD82FC9D" box="[492,600,835,861]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-28">28.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol B80/11,
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFD4F5209FCFCFC9E" box="[761,806,836,862]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(alcohol)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFC13520EFA42FC9D" box="[933,1432,835,862]" collectedFrom="on freshly felled bamboo culm (Guadua chacoensis)" collectingDate="2011-01-28" collectorName="Bol" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="El Cairo" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" municipality="Buena Vista" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
idem,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFC5B520EFB83FC9D" box="[1005,1113,835,861]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-28">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFC5B520EFB83FC9D" box="[1005,1113,835,861]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-28">28.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol B80/11,
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFB4C5209FAFDFC9E" box="[1274,1319,836,862]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(alcohol)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFF21522AFCE6FC41" box="[151,828,871,898]" collectedFrom="on freshly felled bamboo culm (Guadua chacoensis)" collectingDate="2011-01-29" collectorName="D. Kovac" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.4734" location="El Cairo" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-63.6922" municipality="Buena Vista" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
idem,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFF68522AFE93FC41" box="[222,329,871,897]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-29">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFF68522AFE93FC41" box="[222,329,871,897]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-01-29">29.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, Bol B91/11,
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFE5E5225FDC9FC42" box="[488,531,872,898]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(leg.
<collectorName id="26ACFDE81E2AFFBEFDE05225FD1EFC42" box="[598,708,872,898]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">D. Kovac</collectorName>
) (alcohol)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFCFF522AFAC4FC42" box="[841,1310,871,898]" collectingDate="2007-11-30" collectingDateMax="2007-11-30" collectingDateMin="2007-01-12" collectionCode="SMF, SIZK" country="Bolivia" location="Bol." municipality="Bol." pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="1">
Bol.70.07,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFC715225FB9CFC42" box="[967,1094,872,898]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2007-11-30">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFC715225FB9CFC42" box="[967,1094,872,898]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2007-11-30">30.11.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFBE5522AFBACFC42" box="[1107,1142,871,898]" count="5" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4800FB1E2AFFBEFB305225FB19FC42" box="[1158,1219,872,898]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">SMF</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4800FB1E2AFFBEFB795225FAC8FC42" box="[1231,1298,872,898]" country="Ukraine" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">SIZK</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFA91522AFE25FC66" collectingDate="2007-01-12" collectingDateMax="2007-11-30" collectingDateMin="2007-01-12" collectionCode="SIZK" country="Bolivia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="1">
Bol.77.07,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFF2152C1FED3FC66" box="[151,265,908,934]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2007-01-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFF2152C1FED3FC66" box="[151,265,908,934]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2007-01-12">1.12.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFEA352C1FEE2FC66" box="[277,312,908,934]" count="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(alcohol) (
<collectionCode id="ED4800FB1E2AFFBEFE0552C1FE2DFC66" box="[435,503,908,934]" country="Ukraine" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">SIZK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E2AFFBEFF7152FDFB5BFC0A" box="[199,1153,943,970]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2AFFBEFF7152FDFB5BFC0A" blockId="74.[151,1437,331,1834]" box="[199,1153,943,970]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFF7152FDFEFEFC0A" bold="true" box="[199,292,944,970]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Larvae.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3192631E2AFFBEFE9D52E2FBA7FC0A" box="[299,1149,943,970]" collectingDate="2011-02-06" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="D. Kovac" country="Bolivia" location="Buena Vista" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="5">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFE9D52E2FEA5FC09" bold="true" box="[299,383,943,969]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<collectingCountry id="F34ED8AE1E2AFFBEFE9D52E2FEA5FC09" box="[299,383,943,969]" name="Bolivia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="8E86CEE51E2AFFBEFE3852FDFDC2FC09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F029281E2AFFA4FF2151DAFA51FE49:8E86CEE51E2AFFBEFE3852FDFDC2FC09" box="[398,536,943,970]" country="Bolivia" name="Buena Vista" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Buena Vista</location>
,
<date id="FFE7BEFE1E2AFFBEFD9552E2FD52FC09" box="[547,648,943,969]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-02-06">
<collectingDate id="EFA347161E2AFFBEFD9552E2FD52FC09" box="[547,648,943,969]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2011-02-06">6.ii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, BolZ32/11,
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2AFFBEFCAC52E2FCA9FC09" box="[794,883,943,970]" count="5" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
(
<collectorName id="26ACFDE81E2AFFBEFC3552FDFC35FC0A" box="[899,1007,944,970]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">D. Kovac</collectorName>
leg.) (
<collectionCode id="ED4800FB1E2AFFBEFB8152FDFBAFFC0A" box="[1079,1141,944,970]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">SMF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E2AFFBEFF71529EFE7CFB06" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2AFFBEFF71529EFE7CFB06" blockId="74.[151,1437,331,1834]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFF71529EFEE0FC2D" bold="true" box="[199,314,979,1005]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFEFA529EFDCAFC2D" authorityName="Kovac, Kameneva &amp; V. Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[332,528,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tres">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFEFA529EFDCAFC2D" box="[332,528,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Aspistomella tres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFD075299FD24FC2D" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[689,766,979,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFD075299FD24FC2D" box="[689,766,979,1006]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFCA65299FC6EFC2D" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[784,948,979,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteroptera">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFCA65299FC6EFC2D" box="[784,948,979,1006]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A. heteroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFC705299FB87FC2D" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[966,1117,979,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobioptera">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFC705299FB87FC2D" box="[966,1117,979,1006]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A. lobioptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFB145299FAFFFC2D" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1186,1317,979,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steyskali">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFB145299FAFFFC2D" box="[1186,1317,979,1006]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A. steyskali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the costal vein bent anteriorly before the apex of vein Sc, the costal cell lobate, and the pterostigma very short, shorter than width of costal cell (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2AFFBEFDBA5556FDACFBF6" box="[524,630,1051,1078]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,194,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[155,1431,181,1414]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 44. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, mesonotum, dorsal; D, head, dorsal; E, same, anterior; F, wing, anterobasal part. Abbreviations: c—costal cell; C—costal vein; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius. Scale bar: 1 mm (same for A and B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023286/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 44 F</figureCitation>
), and differs from them by details of the wing pattern: apical quarter of cell r
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2AFFBEFF67551FFF31FBA0" attach="left" box="[209,235,1106,1120]" fontSize="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">4+5</subScript>
entirely dark (in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFE07550DFD89FB99" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[433,595,1087,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteroptera">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFE07550DFD89FB99" box="[433,595,1087,1114]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A. heteroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFDD4550DFD2DFB99" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[610,759,1087,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobioptera">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFDD4550DFD2DFB99" box="[610,759,1087,1114]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A. lobioptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFCB0550DFC5CFB99" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[774,902,1087,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steyskali">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFCB0550DFC5CFB99" box="[774,902,1087,1114]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A. steyskali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
crossed by hyaline incision);
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFB6D5572FA46FB99" authorityName="Kovac, Kameneva &amp; V. Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1243,1436,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tres">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFB6D5572FA46FB99" box="[1243,1436,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Aspistomella tres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2AFFBEFED45529FE77FBBD" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[354,429,1123,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFED45529FE77FBBD" box="[354,429,1123,1150]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having wing apex without hyaline incisions crossing cell r
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2AFFBEFBDB553BFB5DFB44" attach="left" box="[1133,1159,1142,1156]" fontSize="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">4+5</subScript>
, but differs from it by a conspicuously narrower wing and cell dm between crossveins r-m and dm-m with hyaline mark entering cell r
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2AFFBEFA3555D7FA47FB68" attach="right" box="[1411,1437,1178,1192]" fontSize="6" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">4+5</subScript>
anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2AFFBEFEA555E6FE43FB06" box="[275,409,1195,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[175,1418,206,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[151,1436,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Aspistomella, wing. A, A. pachitea sp. nov.; B, A. heteroptera Hendel; C, A. duo sp. nov.; D, A. tres sp. nov.; E, A. lobioptera Hendel; F, A. steyskali sp. nov.; G, A. lunata (Hendel); H, A. enderleini sp. nov. Abbreviations: C—costal vein; c—costal cell; dm—discal medial cell; h—humeral crossvein; M1—first branch of media; M4—fourth branch of media; m1— first medial cell; m4—fourth medial cell; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius; r1—first radial cell; R2+3—second branch of radius; R 4+5 —third branch of radius; r 4+5 —fourth + fifth radial cell. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023161/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs 5 C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E2AFFA4FF715582FB44FF71" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2AFFBEFF715582FC7FF8EA" blockId="74.[151,1437,331,1834]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFF715582FE8BFB29" bold="true" box="[199,337,1231,1257]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Description</emphasis>
. Male.
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2AFFBEFE10559DFE3CFB2A" bold="true" box="[422,486,1232,1258]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2AFFBEFE455582FD5BFB2A" box="[499,641,1231,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,194,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[155,1431,181,1414]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 44. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, mesonotum, dorsal; D, head, dorsal; E, same, anterior; F, wing, anterobasal part. Abbreviations: c—costal cell; C—costal vein; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius. Scale bar: 1 mm (same for A and B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023286/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs 44 D, E</figureCitation>
) ratio (length: height: width) = 1: 1.4: 1.6, frons, parafacial, and gena yellowish brown, except anterior part of frons yellow; lunule and face between antennae yellow, and occiput mostly black, at least in dorso-lateral part. Frons (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2AFFBEFDCB545AFD37FAF2" box="[637,749,1303,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,194,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[155,1431,181,1414]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 44. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, mesonotum, dorsal; D, head, dorsal; E, same, anterior; F, wing, anterobasal part. Abbreviations: c—costal cell; C—costal vein; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius. Scale bar: 1 mm (same for A and B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023286/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 44 D</figureCitation>
) 1.2× longer than wide, with shining, partly brown or black ocellar triangle and brown vertical plates; orbits silver-white microtrichose; parafacial narrow, 0.3–0.4× broader than postpedicel, white microtrichose. Frons with 4–5 parafrontal setulae and 2–4 frontal setae at each side, frontal vitta with 1–3 interfrontal setae at each side; anteriormost setae longer than other and half as long as outer vertical seta; 1 very long orbital seta, as long as ocellar seta, 0.6–0.75× longer than inner vertical seta and 1.7× longer than outer vertical seta; postocellar seta long, 0.5× longer than inner vertical seta; outer vertical seta short, 0.4× longer than inner vertical seta and 4–5× longer than postocular setae forming one row, allied by 4–5 dorsal and 10–16 ventral occipital setae. Lunule very narrow, indistinguishable, orange. Eye 1.4–1.5× higher than long. Face above suture 0.6–0.7× higher than wide at transverse fold, yellow, densely white microtrichose; epistome (below suture) reddish brown to black, sparsely white microtrichose, with metallic greenish or golden sheen, strongly produced anteriorly and separated from upper part of face by deep suture. Clypeus brown or yellow, densely white microtrichose, matt, 0.4–0.5× higher than epistome. Gena brownish yellow, with long genal seta and 4–6 additional, much shorter, setae anterior of it, 0.3–0.4× longer than genal seta. Occiput black, except postgena brownish-yellow, with yellowish to cyan metallic sheen, moderate densely covered with greyish microtrichia partly hiding underlying cuticle; ventral part of occiput (postgena) with 3–4 setae almost as long as genal seta.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF26C8B61E2BFFBFFF2154D0FD61FA3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023286" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023286/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[151,250,1437,1461]" targetBox="[155,1419,194,1414]" targetPageId="75" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2BFFBFFF2154D0FD61FA3E" blockId="75.[151,1437,1437,1534]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2BFFBFFF2154D0FEFBFA75" bold="true" box="[151,289,1437,1461]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2BFFBFFE9E54D3FE0DFA75" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[296,471,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2BFFBFFE9E54D3FE0DFA75" box="[296,471,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Aspistomella tres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2BFFBFFE6954D3FDEAFA76" bold="true" box="[479,560,1438,1462]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21EF9571E2BFFBFFE6954D3FDEAFA76" box="[479,560,1438,1462]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, mesonotum, dorsal; D, head, dorsal; E, same, anterior; F, wing, anterobasal part. Abbreviations: c—costal cell; C—costal vein; ptstg—pterostigma; R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2BFFBFFA9B549CFAEEFA1F" attach="left" box="[1325,1332,1489,1503]" fontSize="6" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">1</subScript>
—anterior branch of radius. Scale bar: 1 mm (same for A and B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2BFFBFFF71571DFEBEF916" blockId="75.[151,1437,1616,1750]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Antenna yellow; postpedicel whitish microtrichose, 2–2.1× longer than wide, apically rounded; arista black except yellow at basal 0.2, almost bare. Mouthparts brown, prementum brown or black, subshining. Palp yellow, moderately wide, apically rounded, with 10–12 strong black setulae, of them 5–6 subapical setulae 1.5–2× longer than other setulae.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF26C8B61E2CFFB8FF2156DAFB93F838" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023288/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" startId="76.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[225,1362,181,1916]" targetPageId="76" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2CFFB8FF2156DAFB93F838" blockId="76.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FF2156DAFEF8F86F" bold="true" box="[151,290,1943,1967]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 45.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2CFFB8FE9C56D5FE00F86F" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[298,474,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FE9C56D5FE00F86F" box="[298,474,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Aspistomella tres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FE5456D5FDEFF870" bold="true" box="[482,565,1944,1968]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21EF9571E2CFFB8FE5456D5FDEFF870" box="[482,565,1944,1968]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
SEM views ♂.
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FD6856DAFD2AF86F" bold="true" box="[734,752,1943,1967]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
, head, left;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FCD956D5FC5AF870" bold="true" box="[879,896,1944,1968]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
, face and gena, anterolateral;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FB0F56DAFB11F86F" bold="true" box="[1209,1227,1943,1967]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
, gena: microtrichia;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FF2156F1FF73F814" bold="true" box="[151,169,1980,2004]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">D</emphasis>
, postgena: microtrichia;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FE0756F1FE18F814" bold="true" box="[433,450,1980,2004]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">E</emphasis>
, lobe of costal cell and pterostigma;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FCE756F1FCBAF814" bold="true" box="[849,864,1980,2004]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">F</emphasis>
, microtrichia and spinulose setulae on costal vein;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FA3456F6FA4CF813" bold="true" box="[1410,1430,1979,2003]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">G</emphasis>
, mesonotum, setulae and microtrichia;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2CFFB8FDAD56ADFDF5F838" bold="true" box="[539,559,2016,2040]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">H</emphasis>
, same, enlarged. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFB9FF7151DAFB8AFE11" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Thorax (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FE9E51DAFE60FF71" box="[296,442,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,194,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[155,1431,181,1414]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 44. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, mesonotum, dorsal; D, head, dorsal; E, same, anterior; F, wing, anterobasal part. Abbreviations: c—costal cell; C—costal vein; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius. Scale bar: 1 mm (same for A and B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023286/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs 44 A–C</figureCitation>
) brown to black, with bluish sheen and sparse white microtrichia not hiding underlying cuticle. Mesonotal scutum 1.3× longer than wide; prescutellar area either entirely black, including postpronotal lobes and notopleuron, or widely yellowish brown with brown margins or medially black with yellowish postpronotal lobe and notopleural triangle; black setulose, with 18–20 rows of setulae between rows of dorsocentral setulae; acrostichal prescutellar setae absent in all specimens examined, at most one pair of setulae 1.5× longer than surrounding setulae present; prescutellar area medially setulose and without setulae around dorsocentral setae. Scutellum dorsally very slightly convex, orange to dark brown, sparsely microtrichose, devoid of setulae, often with conspicuous bluish or greenish sheen. Subscutellum subshining, brown to black. Mediotergite subshining black, conspicuously microtrichose. Other setae as described for the genus. All the setae and setulae black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFB9FF715097FEC0FC2D" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FF715097FED2FE34" bold="true" box="[199,264,474,500]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FEA25096FEAEFE35" box="[276,372,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[175,1418,206,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[151,1436,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Aspistomella, wing. A, A. pachitea sp. nov.; B, A. heteroptera Hendel; C, A. duo sp. nov.; D, A. tres sp. nov.; E, A. lobioptera Hendel; F, A. steyskali sp. nov.; G, A. lunata (Hendel); H, A. enderleini sp. nov. Abbreviations: C—costal vein; c—costal cell; dm—discal medial cell; h—humeral crossvein; M1—first branch of media; M4—fourth branch of media; m1— first medial cell; m4—fourth medial cell; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius; r1—first radial cell; R2+3—second branch of radius; R 4+5 —third branch of radius; r 4+5 —fourth + fifth radial cell. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023161/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs 5 D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FECB5096FE74FE35" box="[381,430,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,194,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[155,1431,181,1414]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 44. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, mesonotum, dorsal; D, head, dorsal; E, same, anterior; F, wing, anterobasal part. Abbreviations: c—costal cell; C—costal vein; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius. Scale bar: 1 mm (same for A and B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023286/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">44 F</figureCitation>
)
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E2DFFB9FE0D5097FDE5FE35" box="[443,575,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5–7.5 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2DFFB9FDFB5096FDBEFE35" box="[589,612,475,501]" count="1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
),
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E2DFFB9FDC05097FD21FE35" box="[630,763,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="6.9" valueMax="7.9" valueMin="5.9">5.9–7.9 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2DFFB9FCBC5096FCC6FE35" box="[778,796,475,501]" count="1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) long, 3.5–3.75× longer than wide; basicostal cell hyaline; costal cell lobate, 4–4.5× longer than wide, brown in basal and apical quarters of length, with costa conspicuously curved posteriorly and covered with slightly longer setulae before apex of vein Sc (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FB8A536EFB7DFDFD" box="[1084,1191,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-30@76.[225,1362,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 45. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. SEM views ♂. A, head, left; B, face and gena, anterolateral; C, gena: microtrichia; D, postgena: microtrichia; E, lobe of costal cell and pterostigma; F, microtrichia and spinulose setulae on costal vein; G, mesonotum, setulae and microtrichia; H, same, enlarged. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023288/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 45 F</figureCitation>
); pterostigma entirely brown, narrow triangular, 0.3–0.4× longer than wide, vein R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FC8D5314FC99FDA7" attach="left" box="[827,835,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">1</subScript>
with 4–6 setulae dorsally (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FBC7530AFB06FDA1" box="[1137,1244,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,194,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[155,1431,181,1414]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 44. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, mesonotum, dorsal; D, head, dorsal; E, same, anterior; F, wing, anterobasal part. Abbreviations: c—costal cell; C—costal vein; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius. Scale bar: 1 mm (same for A and B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023286/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs 44 F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FB51530BFAE1FDA1" box="[1255,1339,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-30@76.[225,1362,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 45. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. SEM views ♂. A, head, left; B, face and gena, anterolateral; C, gena: microtrichia; D, postgena: microtrichia; E, lobe of costal cell and pterostigma; F, microtrichia and spinulose setulae on costal vein; G, mesonotum, setulae and microtrichia; H, same, enlarged. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023288/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">45 E, F</figureCitation>
), ending slightly distal to middle of R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FE535330FE24FD4B" attach="left" box="[485,510,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">2+3</subScript>
first section (between fork and crossvein dm-m) in both sexes; vein R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FA865330FA93FD4B" attach="left" box="[1328,1353,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">2+3</subScript>
faintly arcuate or almost straight, subparallel to costa to very apex. Crossvein r-m conspicuously distal to middle of cell dm in both sexes. Cell r
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FECC5388FE4EFD13" attach="left" box="[378,404,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">4+5</subScript>
5.5–7× longer than wide, apically narrowed. Cell m
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FC505388FC34FD13" attach="left" box="[998,1006,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">1</subScript>
narrow triangular; ultimate section of M
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FF0653A4FF62FD37" attach="left" box="[176,184,745,759]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">1</subScript>
4–5× longer than crossvein dm-m and 2–2.3× longer than penultimate section. Vein CuA sinuate, cell cua with very short posteroapical lobe along vein CuP. Wing pattern with short subbasal crossband from humeral vein to base of cell cua and large dark brown mark widely from apical lobe of costal cell almost to base of cell dm 3 whitish hyaline incisions (one wide triangular at anterior margin extending from cell r
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FBBE5218FBCAFCA3" attach="left" box="[1032,1040,853,867]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">1</subScript>
into r
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FBE35218FBB4FCA3" attach="left" box="[1109,1134,853,867]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">2+3</subScript>
next to crossvein r-m, and two oblique cuneiform at posterior margin, extending from cells m
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FC3C5234FC48FC47" attach="left" box="[906,914,889,903]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">1</subScript>
and m
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FC565234FC32FC47" attach="left" box="[992,1000,889,903]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">4</subScript>
into cell r
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FBEB5234FBADFC47" attach="left" box="[1117,1143,889,903]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">4+5</subScript>
at both sides of crossvein dm-m; cell m
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E2DFFB9FE9852D0FEECFC6B" attach="left" box="[302,310,925,939]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">4</subScript>
, cup (anal cell sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFC8E5CF1E2DFFB9FD9352C6FCAAFC65" author="Kameneva, E. &amp; Korneyev, V." box="[549,880,907,933]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref75381" refString="Kameneva, E. &amp; Korneyev, V. (2010) 66. Ulidiidae (picture-winged flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Wood, D. M. &amp; Zumbado, M. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2. NRC, Ottawa, pp. 883 - 904." type="book" year="2010">Kameneva &amp; Korneyev 2010</bibRefCitation>
) and anal lobe grey; anal lobe as wide as cell cua. Alula 3× longer than wide, darkened in apical half. Calypters white, with white ciliae. Halter yellow with brown or black knob.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFB9FF7152BAFD03FB05" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Legs (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FEBB52BAFEA0FBD1" box="[269,378,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[155,1419,194,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-20@75.[155,1431,181,1414]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 44. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, mesonotum, dorsal; D, head, dorsal; E, same, anterior; F, wing, anterobasal part. Abbreviations: c—costal cell; C—costal vein; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius. Scale bar: 1 mm (same for A and B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023286/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 44 A</figureCitation>
) with yellow fore coxae and all trochanters, and brown to yellow mid and hind coxae; femora yellow, in apicodorsal half mostly brown; tibiae and tarsi brown, in teneral sapecimens pale brownish yellow, black setose and setulose, without conspicuous microtrichia or metallic sheen in examined specimens. Fore femur with 2 rows of posterodorsal and posterior setae, and 1–2 preapical posteroventral setae, all slightly shorter than femur width. Mid femur anteriorly and posteriorly with short setulae, but without long erect setae; mid tibia ventrally with single spur-like seta 1.7–2× longer than tibia width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFB9FF715583FB2FFAF1" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FF715583FEE6FB28" bold="true" box="[199,316,1230,1256]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Abdomen</emphasis>
moderately elongate brown to entirely black, syntergite 1+2 often brownish yellow; tergites finely sparsely microtrichose, with faint cyan metallic sheen, except tergite 5 of
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2DFFB9FC5055BEFC21FACD" box="[998,1019,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
and tergite 6 of
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2DFFB9FB0B55BEFB08FACD" box="[1213,1234,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(the latter almost entirely hidden inderneath tergite 5) brown or black without metallic sheen; setulae and setae black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFB9FF715476FC37FAB9" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FF715476FE71FA95" bold="true" box="[199,427,1339,1365]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Male postabdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FE0D5476FD91FA95" box="[443,587,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1626,1650]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,495,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-194@78.[151,1436,489,1602]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 46. Aspistomella tres sp. nov. ♂ genitalia. A, postabdomen, posterior; B, same, lateral; C, hypandrium, anterior; D, surstylus, anteroventral; E, same, lateral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; ph—phallus; phapod—phallapodeme; pi p—pimple-like process; s—seta; sur—surstylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023290/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs 46 A–E</figureCitation>
) as described for
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2DFFB9FCA35476FC84FA95" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[789,862,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FCA35476FC84FA95" box="[789,862,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but phallus somewhat shorter, only 2.5–3× longer than epandrium height (in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2DFFB9FE765412FDD3FAB9" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[448,521,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FE765412FDD3FAB9" box="[448,521,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at least 4× longer than epandrium height).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFB9FF7154CEFB2EFA5D" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1268,1410,1437]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FF7154CEFE7BFA5C" bold="true" box="[199,417,1410,1437]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Female terminalia</emphasis>
not dissected, aculeus not flattened, with cercal unit oval and long setulose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFB9FF7154EBFD7BFA25" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FF7154EBFD51FA01" bold="true" box="[199,651,1446,1473]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Third instar larva. General structure</emphasis>
: As in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2DFFB9FD5754EAFCF6FA01" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[737,812,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FD5754EAFCF6FA01" box="[737,812,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, body length
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E2DFFB9FC7A54EAFBB8FA01" box="[972,1122,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0100000000000002" metricValueMax="1.1800000000000002" metricValueMin="0.8400000000000001" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="10.1" valueMax="11.8" valueMin="8.4">8.4–11.8 mm</quantity>
(median:
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E2DFFB9FB6E54EAFAE9FA01" box="[1240,1331,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="9.9">9.9 mm</quantity>
; n = 10), width
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E2DFFB9FF685486FEBFFA25" box="[222,357,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.9 mm</quantity>
(median:
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E2DFFB9FE605487FDE7FA25" box="[470,573,1482,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.75">2.75 mm</quantity>
; n = 10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFB9FF7154A2FF3AF991" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FF7154A2FE52F9C9" bold="true" box="[199,392,1519,1545]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pseudocephalon</emphasis>
: As in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2DFFB9FE6954A2FDF8F9C9" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[479,546,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FE6954A2FDF8F9C9" box="[479,546,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A.duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Second antennal segment retracted, not visible. Structure and pattern of oral ridges as in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2DFFB9FE91575EFEA9F9ED" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[295,371,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FE91575EFEA9F9ED" box="[295,371,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, thirty central oral ridges adjacent to oral cavity, identical on both sides of the body (n =
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2DFFB9FA38575EFF0EF991" count="1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFB9FF715717FBAEF97D" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FF715717FDC0F9B5" bold="true" box="[199,538,1626,1653]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cephalopharyngeal skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FD9F5716FD5EF9B5" box="[553,644,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,215,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cephalopharyngeal skeletons of Aspistomella (A–B) and Ulivellia (C–D) and scheme for measuring the mouthhook and posterior spiracles (E–F). A, Aspistomella duo sp. nov.; B, A. tres sp. nov.; C, Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov.; D, U. tenoris sp. nov.; E, mouthhook measurements; F, posterior spiracles measurements.The scale of A–D is the same.Abbreviations:at—apical tooth, cr—cibarial ridge, da—dorsal apodeme, db—dorsal bridge, dc—dorsal cornu, ds—dental sclerite, hs—hypopharyngeal sclerite, mh—mouth hook, n—neck, pb—parastomal bars, ps—pharyngeal sclerite, pt—preapical tooth, tp—tentorial phragma, va—ventral apodeme, vb—ventral bridge, vc—ventral cornu, w—light window. Measurements: sd—shortest distance, sw— spiracular width,—a–e, see Material and Methods. (All figures by Alexander Schneider.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023165/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 7 B</figureCitation>
) as in
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FD7A5716FC4FF9B5" box="[716,917,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2DFFB9FD7A5716FC4AF9B5" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[716,912,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">Aspistomella duo</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Total length about
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E2DFFB9FBDC5716FB65F9B5" box="[1130,1215,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
(n = 2). Indentation between tips of apical tooth and ventral apodeme 0.81–0.83× as deep as wide. Hypopharyngeal sclerite 4.5–4.9× longer than high. Parastomal bars curved, 1.1–1.2× longer than hypopharyngeal sclerite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFB9FF71578BFF3DF88D" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FF71578BFE37F921" bold="true" box="[199,493,1734,1761]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Thoracic segments I–III</emphasis>
: As in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2DFFB9FDF0578AFD52F921" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[582,648,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FDF0578AFD52F921" box="[582,648,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A.duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Anterior spiracles on thoracic segment I contain 19–25 tubules per row (median = 22, n = 20 rows of tubules from
<specimenCount id="9D5F53B71E2DFFB9FD0857A6FCF1F8C5" box="[702,811,1771,1797]" count="10" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
). The number of tubules on the left or right side of the same larva differs by one to four tubules. Spatial pattern of cuticular sensilla and paired spiracular openings as in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2DFFB9FF21567EFF3AF88D" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,224,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FF21567EFF3AF88D" box="[151,224,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2DFFBAFF71561BFCA1FE11" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="78.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2DFFB9FF71561BFDCCF8B1" bold="true" box="[199,534,1878,1905]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Abdominal segments I–VII.</emphasis>
Abdominal segments I-VII bear 13 cuticular sensilla on each side of the body and a pair of rudimentary lateral spiracles (see
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FD295636FD26F855" box="[671,764,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,184,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[152,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Schematic representation of the types of cuticular sensilla and their distribution on thoracic and abdominal segments (A) and caudal segment (B, C) of Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. (identical to other Ulivellia and Aspistomella species). Abbreviations: T1–T3 = thoracic segments 1–3, A1–A7 = abdominal segments 1–7. Legend of sensilla types in the figure. (All figures by Alexander Schneider.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023169/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 8 A</figureCitation>
). Ventrally, the creeping welts on abdominal segments I–VII are arranged as follows: CW1 (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2DFFB9FE4856D2FDB5F879" box="[510,623,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-72@79.[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 47. A. tres sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and anterior spiracles. (A-E) and Aspistomella sp., anterior spiracles (F). A, CW1 on abdominal segment I; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, right posterior spiracle of A. tres sp. nov.; F, left anterior spiracle of Aspistomella sp. Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 47 A</figureCitation>
): three rows of long and acute spinules, first and third row continuous, middle row with about ten slightly curved short rows vertically shifted relative to each other. All bristles directed posteriorly. CW2 (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2EFFBAFEDE51DAFE0DFF71" box="[360,471,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-72@79.[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 47. A. tres sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and anterior spiracles. (A-E) and Aspistomella sp., anterior spiracles (F). A, CW1 on abdominal segment I; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, right posterior spiracle of A. tres sp. nov.; F, left anterior spiracle of Aspistomella sp. Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 47 B</figureCitation>
): two discontinuous or incomplete rows (b) followed by a continuous central row (c), followed by a row of large spines (row d) arranged as follows: two short horizontal central rows, each consisting of two groups of large spinules each, four to six spinules in each group, three large spinules between them, central rows laterally flanked by five inclined curved rows angled to body midline, each inclined row with anterior large spinules interconnected with a posterior group of smaller spinules; last row e with more or less continuous small spinules. All spinules directed posteriorly. CW3
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFD065006FD64FEA5" bold="true" box="[688,702,331,357]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">–</emphasis>
CW7 (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2EFFBAFCBF5006FCADFEA5" box="[777,887,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-72@79.[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 47. A. tres sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and anterior spiracles. (A-E) and Aspistomella sp., anterior spiracles (F). A, CW1 on abdominal segment I; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, right posterior spiracle of A. tres sp. nov.; F, left anterior spiracle of Aspistomella sp. Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 47 C</figureCitation>
): similar to CW2, but with an additional anterior row of anteriorly oriented spinules (row a). In addition, the two central horizontal rows in row d and one adjacent inclined row on each side have a double row of large spinules (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2EFFBAFCED50DEFC12FE6D" box="[859,968,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-72@79.[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 47. A. tres sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and anterior spiracles. (A-E) and Aspistomella sp., anterior spiracles (F). A, CW1 on abdominal segment I; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, right posterior spiracle of A. tres sp. nov.; F, left anterior spiracle of Aspistomella sp. Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 47 C</figureCitation>
, inset). The anterior row of large spinules is anteriorly oriented and the posterior row is posteriorly oriented.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF26C8B61E2EFFBAFF215717FE38F97A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023290" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023290/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" startId="78.[151,250,1626,1650]" targetBox="[157,1430,495,1597]" targetPageId="78" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2EFFBAFF215717FE38F97A" blockId="78.[151,1436,1626,1722]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFF215717FEFBF9B2" bold="true" box="[151,289,1626,1650]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2EFFBAFE9E5717FE0DF9B2" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[296,471,1626,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFE9E5717FE0DF9B2" box="[296,471,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Aspistomella tres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFE685717FDF5F9B2" bold="true" box="[478,559,1626,1650]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21EF9571E2EFFBAFE685717FDF5F9B2" box="[478,559,1626,1650]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
♂ genitalia.
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFD035717FD1DF9B2" bold="true" box="[693,711,1626,1650]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
, postabdomen, posterior;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFC645717FC39F9B2" bold="true" box="[978,995,1626,1650]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">B</emphasis>
, same, lateral;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFBC95717FB4BF9B2" bold="true" box="[1151,1169,1626,1650]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">C</emphasis>
, hypandrium, anterior;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFA325717FA4CF9B2" bold="true" box="[1412,1430,1626,1650]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">D</emphasis>
, surstylus, anteroventral;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFE245733FE79F956" bold="true" box="[402,419,1662,1686]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">E</emphasis>
, same, lateral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; ph—phallus; phapod—phallapodeme; pi p—pimple-like process; s—seta; sur—surstylus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2EFFBAFF715641FA4FF8AE" blockId="78.[151,1437,1804,2011]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFF715641FE5CF8E6" bold="true" box="[199,390,1804,1830]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Caudal segment</emphasis>
. The caudal segment bears 13 cuticular sensilla on each side of the body (see
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2EFFBAFB425641FAEDF8E6" box="[1268,1335,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,184,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[152,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Schematic representation of the types of cuticular sensilla and their distribution on thoracic and abdominal segments (A) and caudal segment (B, C) of Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. (identical to other Ulivellia and Aspistomella species). Abbreviations: T1–T3 = thoracic segments 1–3, A1–A7 = abdominal segments 1–7. Legend of sensilla types in the figure. (All figures by Alexander Schneider.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023169/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Caudal creeping welt CW8 structured similarly to CW3
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFD05567DFD1BF88A" bold="true" box="[691,705,1840,1866]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">–</emphasis>
CW7, but last row arranged along the anterior margin of perianal pad with anteriorly directed bristles; large spinules less inclined, not connected to smaller spinule rows (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2EFFBAFAAC5619FA5DF8AE" box="[1306,1415,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-72@79.[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 47. A. tres sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and anterior spiracles. (A-E) and Aspistomella sp., anterior spiracles (F). A, CW1 on abdominal segment I; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, right posterior spiracle of A. tres sp. nov.; F, left anterior spiracle of Aspistomella sp. Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 47 D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2EFFBBFF715635FE50FF39" blockId="78.[151,1437,1804,2011]" lastBlockId="79.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
Posterior spiracles (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2EFFBAFE125635FDC9F853" box="[420,531,1912,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-72@79.[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 47. A. tres sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and anterior spiracles. (A-E) and Aspistomella sp., anterior spiracles (F). A, CW1 on abdominal segment I; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, right posterior spiracle of A. tres sp. nov.; F, left anterior spiracle of Aspistomella sp. Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs 47 E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E2EFFBAFDA95635FD92F852" box="[543,584,1912,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Larvae and puparia of Aspistomella (A–B, F–G, I) and Ulivellia (C–E, H). A, A. duo larva, posterior spiracles; B, A. tres larva, same; C, U. tenoris larva, right posterior spiracle; D, U. arcuata larva, right posterior spiracle; E, U. arcuata puparium, right posterior spiracle; F, Aspistomella sp. larva, right posterior spiracle; G, A. duo, empty puparial exuvium; H, U. tenoris empty puparial exuvium; I, A. duo larva, creeping welt on fifth abdominal segment. Arrow indicates an incomplete second row of large spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023171/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">9 B</figureCitation>
) oval-angular, length
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E2EFFBAFC895635FC0EF853" box="[831,980,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="7.199999999999999" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="0.61" valueMax="0.72" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.72 mm</quantity>
(median = 0.6, n = 15), width
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E2EFFBAFA9A5635FF19F877" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.8999999999999995" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="0.51" valueMax="0.59" valueMin="0.43">0.43–0.59 mm</quantity>
(median = 0.48, n = 15), shortest distance between spiracles
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E2EFFBAFCDF56D1FBD1F877" box="[873,1035,1948,1975]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" metricValueMax="1.34" metricValueMin="0.93" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="1.135" valueMax="1.34" valueMin="0.93">0.93–1.34 mm</quantity>
(n =19). Spiracular slits with 12–15 turns, shape similar as in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2EFFBAFE09568DFDD1F81A" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[447,523,1984,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2EFFBAFE09568DFDD1F81A" box="[447,523,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but terminal turn long, rather narrow and spiracular slits 1 and 2 symmetrical. Apical part of yellow area not club-shaped and with sharp margins. Spiracular Hair group 1: 7–11 hair trunks, Hair group 2: 1 hair trunk, Hair group 3: 5–8 hair trunks and Hair group 4: 11–14 hair trunks (n = 4 spiracles). Anal complex as in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2FFFBBFE8C5192FE59FF39" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[314,387,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFE8C5192FE59FF39" box="[314,387,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF26C8B61E2FFFBBFF2157F8FDEBF89D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1691]" targetPageId="79" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E2FFFBBFF2157F8FDEBF89D" blockId="79.[151,1437,1717,1885]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFF2157F8FEFEF90D" bold="true" box="[151,292,1717,1741]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 47.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2FFFBBFE9857F8FEA9F90D" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[302,371,1717,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFE9857F8FEA9F90D" box="[302,371,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A. tres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFEC857F8FE08F90D" bold="true" box="[382,466,1717,1741]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21EF9571E2FFFBBFEC857F8FE08F90D" box="[382,466,1717,1741]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFC4157F8FBF9F90D" bold="true" box="[1015,1059,1717,1741]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">CW</emphasis>
) and anterior spiracles. (
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFA8F57F8FABFF90D" bold="true" box="[1337,1381,1717,1741]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A -E</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2FFFBBFF215794FE99F931" box="[151,323,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFF215794FEC0F931" box="[151,282,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Aspistomella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, anterior spiracles (
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFDA55794FDF8F931" bold="true" box="[531,546,1753,1777]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">F</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFD8D5794FD97F931" bold="true" box="[571,589,1753,1777]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A</emphasis>
, CW1 on abdominal segment I;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFC1D5794FC66F931" bold="true" box="[939,956,1753,1777]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">B</emphasis>
, CW2 on abdominal segment II;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFA945794FAEEF931" bold="true" box="[1314,1332,1753,1777]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">C</emphasis>
, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFC1A57B0FC64F8D5" bold="true" box="[940,958,1789,1813]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">D</emphasis>
, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFA3357B0FA4CF8D5" bold="true" box="[1413,1430,1789,1813]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">E</emphasis>
, right posterior spiracle of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2FFFBBFE17566CFE39F8F9" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[417,483,1825,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFE17566CFE39F8F9" box="[417,483,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A. tres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFE5C566CFDE1F8F9" bold="true" box="[490,571,1825,1849]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21EF9571E2FFFBBFE5C566CFDE1F8F9" box="[490,571,1825,1849]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFDFC566CFD83F8F9" bold="true" box="[586,601,1825,1849]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">F</emphasis>
, left anterior spiracle of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E2FFFBBFCEE566CFC25F8F9" box="[856,1023,1825,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E2FFFBBFCEE566CFC01F8F9" box="[856,987,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Aspistomella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E30FFA4FF7151DBFB44FF71" blockId="80.[151,1437,150,393]" box="[199,1182,150,177]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E30FFA4FF7151DBFE92FF70" bold="true" box="[199,328,150,176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Puparium.</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E30FFA4FE1351DAFE24FF71" box="[421,510,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
; maximum width at 4
<superScript id="7C2C35761E30FFA4FD4451DBFD25FF64" attach="left" box="[754,767,150,164]" fontSize="6" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">th</superScript>
abdominal segment,
<quantity id="4CA135DB1E30FFA4FC5851DAFB9EFF71" box="[1006,1092,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
(n = 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E30FFA4FF7151F6FC94FF39" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E30FFA4FF7151F6FC94FF39" blockId="80.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E30FFA4FF7151F6FEEEFF15" bold="true" box="[199,308,187,213]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Remarks</emphasis>
. The three reared males are teneral and apparently faded colour in alcohol; body brown, wings almost entirely hyaline with faint traces of dark pattern as in females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E30FFA4FF71504EFD87FE81" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E30FFA4FF71504EFD87FE81" blockId="80.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E30FFA4FF71504EFE92FEDD" bold="true" box="[199,328,259,285]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species name means “three” in Latin, reflecting the wing pattern, which is similar to the number “3”, and is a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E30FFA4FF715006FAD6FEA5" box="[199,1292,331,357]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E30FFA4FF715006FAD6FEA5" blockId="80.[151,1437,150,393]" box="[199,1292,331,357]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E30FFA4FF715006FEEEFEA5" bold="true" box="[199,308,331,357]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E30FFA4FEF45006FDD8FEA5" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[322,514,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tres">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E30FFA4FEF45006FE09FEA5" box="[322,467,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Aspistomella</emphasis>
tres
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
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<emphasis id="B92D442C1E30FFA4FC845006FCA1FEA5" box="[818,891,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described under
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E30FFA4FBEC5006FB79FEA5" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1114,1187,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duo">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E30FFA4FBEC5006FB79FEA5" box="[1114,1187,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">A. duo</emphasis>
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remarks.
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<emphasis id="B92D442C1E30FFA4FF715023FEFBFE48" bold="true" box="[199,289,366,392]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Biology</emphasis>
. Larvae inhabit water-filled bamboo internode cavities of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E30FFA4FC195022FB4CFE49" box="[943,1174,367,393]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E30FFA4FC195022FB4CFE49" box="[943,1174,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Guadua angustifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, biology as in
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<emphasis id="B92D442C1E30FFA4FA8D5022FA5EFE49" box="[1339,1412,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">A. duo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

768
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<typeStatus id="54E2269C1E34FFA0FF2152DFFF13FC6A" box="[151,201,914,938]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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(by original designation).
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:
<bibRefCitation id="EFC8E5CF1E34FFA0FF4B52FDFE55FC08" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[253,399,944,968]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref76283" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1968) 54. Family Otitidae (Ortalidae; including Pterocallidae, Ulidiidae). In: Vanzolini, P. E. &amp; Papavero, N. (Eds.), A catalogue of the Diptera of Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo, pp. 54.1 - 54.31." type="book" year="1968">Steyskal 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 54.22.
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<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E34FFA0FF2152BDFBA6F952" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E34FFA0FF2152BDFBCEFB5B" blockId="84.[151,1437,1008,2043]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FF2152BDFED0FBCA" bold="true" box="[151,266,1008,1034]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. The genus possesses all the diagnostic characters of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FC7F52BDFBE9FBCA" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1935" box="[969,1075,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lipsanini">Lipsanini</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FB2552BDFADAFBCA" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1835" box="[1171,1280,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Amethysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FB2552BDFADAFBCA" box="[1171,1280,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Amethysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage: head and body with greenish or bluish metallic sheen, sparsely whitish microtrichose, ocellar setae strong; phallus bare or covered with fine microtrichia, shortened or sometimes bar-like, apically without glans; female abdominal tergites 4–6 without anteromedial apodemes, only two spermathecae present. Frons with short parafrontal setulae near orbits, and clearly differentiated from them strong frontal and interfrontal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E34FFA0FF7155E9FA80FA8E" blockId="84.[151,1437,1008,2043]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FE8B55E9FE44FB7E" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[317,414,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FE8B55E9FE44FB7E" box="[317,414,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ulivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are easily distinguished from most genera of the
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FC0455E9FBC1FB7E" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1935" box="[946,1051,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lipsanini">Lipsanini</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FB9B55E9FB43FB7E" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1835" box="[1069,1177,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Amethysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FB9B55E9FB43FB7E" box="[1069,1177,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Amethysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage by the presence of crossveins r-m and dm-m, which are strongly displaced basally, so that r-m is at the level of the Sc apex and dmm is slightly distal to R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E34FFA0FE2955B3FE7DFACC" attach="left" box="[415,423,1278,1292]" fontSize="6" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">1</subScript>
apex level. All known species have an elongate and narrow pterostigma and setulose vein R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E34FFA0FF1C546FFF68FAF0" attach="right" box="[170,178,1314,1328]" fontSize="6" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">1</subScript>
. The other lipsaniine species with the crossvein r-m at the level of the Sc apex assigned to the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FA95545DFEF6FA8E" authority="Hendel, 1909" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Axiologina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FA95545DFA47FAEA" box="[1315,1437,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Axiologina</emphasis>
Hendel, 1909
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FED45478FD99FA8E" authority="Loew, 1868" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" box="[354,579,1332,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FED45478FE60FA8E" box="[354,442,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Euxesta</emphasis>
Loew, 1868
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FDE45479FD16FA8E" box="[594,716,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[247,1341,187,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[241,1346,181,1662]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ulivellia, Polyteloptera and similar genera, wing. A, U. amnoni sp. nov.; B, U. inversa Speiser; C, U. laetitiae sp. nov.; D–E, U. arcuata sp. nov. (D—male, E—female); F, U. tenoris sp. nov.; G, U. pseudinsolita sp. nov.; H, P. apotropa Hendel; I, “Euxesta” insolita Hendel; J, Gen. sp. near insolita; K, Axiologina ferrumequinum Hendel. Abbreviations. Veins and cells: bm—basal medial cell; br—basal radial cell; c—costal cell; C—costal vein; cua—anterior cubital cell; CuA+CuP— anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M1—first branch of media; m1—first medial cell; M4—fourth branch of media; m4—fourth medial cell; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius; r1—first radial cell; r2+3—second + third radial cell; R2+3—second branch of radius; R 4+5 —third branch of radius; r 4+5 —fourth + fifth radial cell; r-m—radial-medial crossvein; Sc—subcostal vein. Wing pattern: DB = discal band; HB = humeral band; AAB = anterior apical band; SAB = subapical band; SCB = subcostal band. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023159/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figs 4 I–K</figureCitation>
) have subequal, low epistome and high clypeus (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FB5B5479FA96FA8E" box="[1261,1356,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1454,1478]" captionTargetBox="[165,1431,193,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1435,181,1430]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lipsanini, head (A–B—dorsal, C–D—left lateral view). A, Ulivellia amnoni sp. nov.; B, Euxesta quaternaria Loew; C, Aspistomella garleppi sp. nov.; D, “Euxesta” insolita Hendel. Abbreviations: a orb s—anterior orbital seta; ar— arista; clyp—clypeus; epst—epistome; fr s—frontal seta; fr stl—frontal setulae; fr vit—frontal vitta; frorb plt—fronto-orbital plate; gn s—genal seta; i vt s—inner vertical seta; ifr s—interfrontal seta; o vt s—outer vertical seta; oc s—ocellar seta; p orb s—posterior orbital seta; pafc—parafacial; ped—pedicel; pfr stl—parafrontal setula; pgn s—postgenal seta; poc s—postocellar seta; pocl s—postocular setae; pped—postpedicel; pst s—perisomal setae; vt plt—vertical plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023157/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 3 D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E34FFA0FF715415FBFEFAB2" blockId="84.[151,1437,1008,2043]" box="[199,1060,1368,1395]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Halter either entirely black, or with a black knob, sometimes entirely yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E34FFA0FF715431FBA6F952" blockId="84.[151,1437,1008,2043]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
The species of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FEC05431FE02FA56" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[374,472,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FEC05431FE02FA56" box="[374,472,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ulivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the closely related and superficially similar, elongate and moderately large metallic greenish flies of the
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FD1254EDFCEFFA7A" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[676,821,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FD1254EDFCEFFA7A" box="[676,821,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Aspistomella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of genera, which also often have black halteres, by the combination of the wing discal crossband uniformly narrow or not reaching posterior half of the wing (in other genera, strongly widened posteriorly) and crossvein r-m at the level of vein Sc or basal of it (in other genera, distal to the apex of the vein R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E34FFA0FE5C5753FE28F9EC" attach="left" box="[490,498,1566,1580]" fontSize="6" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">1</subScript>
, except in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FDDD5741FCBBF9E6" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[619,865,1548,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garleppi">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FDDD5741FCBBF9E6" box="[619,865,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Aspistomella garleppi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the crossvein r-m is proximal to the apex of the vein R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E34FFA0FEBC570FFEC8F990" attach="left" box="[266,274,1602,1616]" fontSize="6" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">1</subScript>
, but still distal to the apex of vein Sc, as in
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FD4D577DFC81F98B" box="[763,859,1584,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1521,1545]" captionTargetBox="[177,1387,245,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,211,1497]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aspistomella, wing. A, A. sachavaca sp. nov.; B, A. schnusei sp. nov.; C, A. angustifrons (Hendel); D, A. garleppi sp. nov.; E, A. crucifera (Hendel); F, A. quinquincisa sp. nov.; G, A. teresensis sp. nov.; H, A. obliqua sp. nov. Abbreviations: C—costal vein; c—costal cell; M1—first branch of media; m1—first medial cell; ptstg—pterostigma; r1—first radial cell; rm—radial-medial crossvein. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023163/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 6 D</figureCitation>
, as well as surstyli bearing numerous prensisetae in the species examined (in other genera, only non-thickened or 2–3 moderately thickened setulae are present on the inner surstylus as in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FECB5735FDAFF952" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[381,629,1656,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steyskali">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FECB5735FDAFF952" box="[381,629,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Aspistomella steyskali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are believed to appear independently).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E34FFA2FF7157D1FB4EFAB9" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E34FFA0FF7157D1FB82F91B" blockId="84.[151,1437,1008,2043]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FF7157D1FE8BF976" bold="true" box="[199,337,1692,1718]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Description</emphasis>
. Body mostly dark brown or black, usually with metallic sheen, often faint bluish or greenish, partly hidden by sparse whitish or silvery white microtrichia (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FCFD578DFC7BF91B" box="[843,929,1728,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1354,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-173@88.[151,1436,489,1331]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 50. Ulivellia amnoni sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, head, anterior; C, head and mesonotum, lateral; D, fore leg; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, label. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023300/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figs 50</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FC1B578DFC11F91B" box="[941,971,1728,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,321,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-91@90.[151,1436,309,1477]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 51. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. holotype ♂ (A–B, D–H) and paratype ♀ (C). A, habitus, dorsal; B, same, left; C, same, anterolateral; D, head left; E, same, dorsal; F, mesonotum, dorsal; G, abdomen; H, label. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023302/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">51</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FC61578DFC2FF91B" box="[983,1013,1728,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="95.[151,250,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-20@95.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 53. Ulivellia laetitiae sp. nov. holotype ♀ (A, C–E) and paratype ♂ (B, F, G). A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, mesonotum and fore leg, lateral; D, head, anterior; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. (A— photograph by John T. Smit)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023306/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">53</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FBB7578DFBC5F91B" box="[1025,1055,1728,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1375,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-20@99.[151,1435,181,1351]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 55. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, habitus, left and dorsal; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023310/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">55</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FB9D578DFB91F91B" box="[1067,1099,1728,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">57</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E34FFA1FF7157A9FE22FE11" blockId="84.[151,1437,1008,2043]" lastBlockId="85.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FF7157A9FEDDF93E" bold="true" box="[199,263,1764,1790]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Head</emphasis>
generally as described for
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E34FFA0FD8957A9FD0AF93E" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[575,720,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E34FFA0FD8957A9FD0AF93E" box="[575,720,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Aspistomella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Frons smooth (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FC3A57A9FBDBF93F" box="[908,1025,1764,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1354,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-173@88.[151,1436,489,1331]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 50. Ulivellia amnoni sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, head, anterior; C, head and mesonotum, lateral; D, fore leg; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, label. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023300/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figs 50 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FBB857A9FB9CF93F" box="[1038,1094,1764,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,321,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-91@90.[151,1436,309,1477]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 51. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. holotype ♂ (A–B, D–H) and paratype ♀ (C). A, habitus, dorsal; B, same, left; C, same, anterolateral; D, head left; E, same, dorsal; F, mesonotum, dorsal; G, abdomen; H, label. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023302/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">51 E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FBE257A9FB4AF93F" box="[1108,1168,1764,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="95.[151,250,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-20@95.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 53. Ulivellia laetitiae sp. nov. holotype ♀ (A, C–E) and paratype ♂ (B, F, G). A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, mesonotum and fore leg, lateral; D, head, anterior; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. (A— photograph by John T. Smit)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023306/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">53 D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FB2B57A9FB0DF93E" box="[1181,1239,1764,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1375,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-20@99.[151,1435,181,1351]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 55. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, habitus, left and dorsal; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023310/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">55 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FB5357A9FAC5F93E" box="[1253,1311,1764,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">57 C</figureCitation>
), with fine wrinkles, reddish or brownish yellow with black, often greenish shining vertical plates and ocellar triangle to entirely black towards vertex; frontal plates with 4–9 short parafrontal setulae and 4–10 frontal setae; frontal vitta finely and sparsely microtrichose, usually with 3–10 interfrontal setae on each side; vertex and orbits with dense, thickened, short white microtrichia. Vertical plates with 1 long and 1 vestigial reclinate orbital setae anterior of it; ocellar triangle with ocelli forming elongate acute triangle and a pair of very long ocellar setae. Face in dorsal portion flat, covered with white microtrichia (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FDB856F1FD5AF817" box="[526,640,1980,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1354,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-173@88.[151,1436,489,1331]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 50. Ulivellia amnoni sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, head, anterior; C, head and mesonotum, lateral; D, fore leg; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, label. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023300/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Figs 50 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FD3A56F1FD1CF817" box="[652,710,1980,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="95.[151,250,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-20@95.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 53. Ulivellia laetitiae sp. nov. holotype ♀ (A, C–E) and paratype ♂ (B, F, G). A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, mesonotum and fore leg, lateral; D, head, anterior; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. (A— photograph by John T. Smit)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023306/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">53 D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FD6456F1FCD0F816" box="[722,778,1980,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1375,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-20@99.[151,1435,181,1351]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 55. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, habitus, left and dorsal; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023310/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">55 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E34FFA0FCA056F1FC94F816" box="[790,846,1980,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">57 C</figureCitation>
), and with ventral portion strongly produced anteroventrally, forming large epistome 2–3× higher than clypeus, often metallic shining, covered with sparse, thin whitish microtrichia. Parafacial usually brownish yellow, densely white microtrichose. Gena widened posteriorly, brownish, sparsely white microtrichose, bearing 1–2 strong genal setae and 4–6 moderately long, proclinate peristomal setulae. Occiput densely white microtrichose. Scape short, dorsally with 6–8 black marginal setulae. Pedicel with rectangular incision; one long pedicellar seta and 20–25 setulae, of them ventral longest. Postpedicel oval, 1.8–2× longer than wide, rounded at apex, densely microtrichose; arista 2-segmented (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FCCF506AFC3DFE81" box="[889,999,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1354,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-173@88.[151,1436,489,1331]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 50. Ulivellia amnoni sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, head, anterior; C, head and mesonotum, lateral; D, fore leg; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, label. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023300/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs 50 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FC44506BFB91FE81" box="[1010,1099,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="95.[151,250,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-20@95.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 53. Ulivellia laetitiae sp. nov. holotype ♀ (A, C–E) and paratype ♂ (B, F, G). A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, mesonotum and fore leg, lateral; D, head, anterior; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. (A— photograph by John T. Smit)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023306/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">53 C, D</figureCitation>
). Palp elongate, 4–4.5× longer than wide and almost twice as long as postpedicel, white microtrichose, with numerous ventral and ventromedial setae almost as long as palp width and 2–3 apical setae 1.5–2× longer than the rest. Clypeus at least half lower than epistome, convex, microtrichose, almost hidden in oral cavity. Proboscis with prementum and labellum moderately large, bearing long thin setulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E35FFA1FF715096FDCDFC09" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FF715096FEFAFE35" bold="true" box="[199,288,475,501]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Thorax</emphasis>
mostly shining black or brown, with faint bluish, greenish or golden sheen and moderately dense, thin, semierect white microtrichia not hiding entirely shining cuticle. Postpronotal lobe with 1 seta and 5–15 setulae; proepisternum with 1 short proepiesternal seta (sometimes absent or indistinct) and 5–20 fine subequal setulae on proepiesternal ridge. Prosternum higher than wide, with distinct longitudinal suture and shallow ventral incision, sparsely microtrichose, without conspicuous setae. Mesonotum steel shining, with slight green or bluish sheen of cuticle not entirely hidden by sparse or moderately thick white microtrichia (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FBB153C2FBA3FD69" box="[1031,1145,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1354,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-173@88.[151,1436,489,1331]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 50. Ulivellia amnoni sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, head, anterior; C, head and mesonotum, lateral; D, fore leg; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, label. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023300/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs 50 E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FB3153C3FB66FD69" box="[1159,1212,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,321,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-91@90.[151,1436,309,1477]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 51. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. holotype ♂ (A–B, D–H) and paratype ♀ (C). A, habitus, dorsal; B, same, left; C, same, anterolateral; D, head left; E, same, dorsal; F, mesonotum, dorsal; G, abdomen; H, label. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023302/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">51 F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FB7F53C3FADBFD69" box="[1225,1281,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="95.[151,250,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-20@95.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 53. Ulivellia laetitiae sp. nov. holotype ♀ (A, C–E) and paratype ♂ (B, F, G). A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, mesonotum and fore leg, lateral; D, head, anterior; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. (A— photograph by John T. Smit)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023306/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">53 E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FAB953C3FA9DFD69" box="[1295,1351,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1375,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-20@99.[151,1435,181,1351]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 55. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, habitus, left and dorsal; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023310/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">55 E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FAE353C3FA54FD69" box="[1365,1422,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">57 E</figureCitation>
); scutum setulose, except prescutellar area posterior of dorsocentral setae; dorsocentral setulae forming clear row, with 8–18 12 poorly ordered rows of setulae between them; 1 postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 intra-alar and 1 postalar, 2 dorsocentral and setae present; acrostichal seta present in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FB2653B6FAD3FCD4" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1168,1289,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amnoni">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FB2653B6FAD3FCD4" box="[1168,1289,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. amnoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FAAD53B6FA46FCD5" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1307,1436,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetitiae">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FAAD53B6FA46FCD5" box="[1307,1436,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. laetitiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FF7F5252FE59FCF9" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[201,387,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudinsolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FF7F5252FE59FCF9" box="[201,387,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. pseudinsolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FD865252FD71FCF8" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[560,683,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FD865252FD71FCF8" box="[560,683,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FD505252FC83FCF8" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[742,857,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FD505252FC83FCF8" box="[742,857,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Anepisternum setulose almost entirely anterior to vertical squama, with strong seta and 5–12 shorter setae at posterior margin. Katepisternum with one, occasionally two strong posterodorsal seta. Scutellum subtriangular, slightly convex, smooth, with 2 pairs of scutellar setae, no setulae on disc and margins, sparsely microtrichose. Subscutellum matt, microtrichose. Mediotergite smooth, sparsely or densely microtrichose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E35FFA1FF71529FFE85FAF1" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FF71529FFED2FC2C" bold="true" box="[199,264,978,1004]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Wing</emphasis>
from moderately elongate, 2.0–2.8× longer than wide to strongly elongate, 3.5× longer than wide (in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FF2152BAFED3FBD0" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,265,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FF2152BAFED3FBD0" box="[151,265,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with dark banded wing pattern (or extensive dark pattern in males of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FB8352BAFB74FBD0" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1077,1198,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FB8352BAFB74FBD0" box="[1077,1198,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); venation modified, with the crossvein r-m displaced basally to the level of Sc apex and dm-m closer to the level of R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E35FFA1FB645560FB00FBFB" attach="left" box="[1234,1242,1069,1083]" fontSize="6" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">1</subScript>
apex than to R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E35FFA1FA355560FA46FBFB" attach="left" box="[1411,1436,1069,1083]" fontSize="6" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">2+3</subScript>
apex (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FF6B5572FEB8FB99" box="[221,354,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[247,1341,187,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[241,1346,181,1662]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ulivellia, Polyteloptera and similar genera, wing. A, U. amnoni sp. nov.; B, U. inversa Speiser; C, U. laetitiae sp. nov.; D–E, U. arcuata sp. nov. (D—male, E—female); F, U. tenoris sp. nov.; G, U. pseudinsolita sp. nov.; H, P. apotropa Hendel; I, “Euxesta” insolita Hendel; J, Gen. sp. near insolita; K, Axiologina ferrumequinum Hendel. Abbreviations. Veins and cells: bm—basal medial cell; br—basal radial cell; c—costal cell; C—costal vein; cua—anterior cubital cell; CuA+CuP— anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M1—first branch of media; m1—first medial cell; M4—fourth branch of media; m4—fourth medial cell; ptstg—pterostigma; R1—anterior branch of radius; r1—first radial cell; r2+3—second + third radial cell; R2+3—second branch of radius; R 4+5 —third branch of radius; r 4+5 —fourth + fifth radial cell; r-m—radial-medial crossvein; Sc—subcostal vein. Wing pattern: DB = discal band; HB = humeral band; AAB = anterior apical band; SAB = subapical band; SCB = subcostal band. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023159/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs 4 A–G</figureCitation>
). Vein R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E35FFA1FE7C551CFE08FB9F" attach="left" box="[458,466,1105,1119]" fontSize="6" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">1</subScript>
dorsally with 7–15 setulae (not known in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FC0E5572FBF4FB98" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[952,1070,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inversa">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FC0E5572FBF4FB98" box="[952,1070,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. inversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Pterostigma longer than wide, costal vein straight before apex of subcostal vein or very slightly bent in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FC08552EFBAFFBBD" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[958,1141,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudinsolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FC08552EFBAFFBBD" box="[958,1141,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. pseudinsolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FB29552EFACDFBBC" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1183,1303,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FB29552EFACDFBBC" box="[1183,1303,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, costal vein conspicuously curved distally of apex of subcostal vein. Cell r
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E35FFA1FCE455D4FCB6FB67" attach="left" box="[850,876,1177,1191]" fontSize="6" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">4+5</subScript>
slightly or conspicuously narrowed apically. Vein CuA Z-shaped, cell cua with moderately short posteroapical lobe along vein CuP (in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FBF355E6FB60FB04" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1093,1210,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amnoni">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FBF355E6FB60FB04" box="[1093,1210,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. amnoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FB7E55E6FA9FFB05" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1224,1349,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetitiae">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FB7E55E6FA9FFB05" box="[1224,1349,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. laetitiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FA3755E6FF37FB28" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FA3755E6FF37FB28" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or moderately long (in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FDB25582FD66FB29" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[516,700,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudinsolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FDB25582FD66FB29" box="[516,700,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. pseudinsolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FD425582FCBFFB28" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[756,869,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FD425582FCBFFB28" box="[756,869,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Calypters white, with white cilia. Halter creamy white (in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FEB755BEFEACFACC" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[257,374,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amnoni">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FEB755BEFEACFACC" box="[257,374,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. amnoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FE3555BEFDDBFACD" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[387,513,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetitiae">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FE3555BEFDDBFACD" box="[387,513,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. laetitiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FD8A55BEFD76FACC" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[572,684,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FD8A55BEFD76FACC" box="[572,684,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to brown with black or brown knob (in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FBD855BEFB3CFACC" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1134,1254,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FBD855BEFB3CFACC" box="[1134,1254,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FB4555BEFAB7FACC" box="[1267,1389,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FB4555BEFAB3FACC" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[1267,1385,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inversa">U. inversa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FF21545AFE94FAF1" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,334,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudinsolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FF21545AFE94FAF1" box="[151,334,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. pseudinsolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E35FFA1FF715476FF2DFA25" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FF715476FF25FA95" bold="true" box="[199,255,1339,1365]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Legs</emphasis>
variable in coloration; coxae yellow to brown, femora usually entirely brown or black, tibiae and tarsi yellow to brown. Fore femur with 2 posterodorsal rows of setae, posteroventrally with row of 2–10 setae. Mid femur on anterior and posterior surface with row of moderately long, antero- and postero-ventrally directed setulae. Mid tibia apicoventrally with strong spur-like seta 1.5× longer than tibia width. Hind femur with 2–3 subapical setae dorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E35FFA1FF7154A3FCE2F9B5" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FF7154A3FEE6F9C8" bold="true" box="[199,316,1518,1544]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Abdomen</emphasis>
subshining brown to black, tergites and sternites with metallic green or yellow sheen, sparsely white microtrichose (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FEF4575EFE6BF9ED" box="[322,433,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1354,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,493,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-173@88.[151,1436,489,1331]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 50. Ulivellia amnoni sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, head, anterior; C, head and mesonotum, lateral; D, fore leg; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, label. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023300/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs 50 F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FE09575FFE22F9ED" box="[447,504,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,321,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-91@90.[151,1436,309,1477]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 51. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. holotype ♂ (A–B, D–H) and paratype ♀ (C). A, habitus, dorsal; B, same, left; C, same, anterolateral; D, head left; E, same, dorsal; F, mesonotum, dorsal; G, abdomen; H, label. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023302/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">51 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FDB0575FFD9AF9ED" box="[518,576,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="95.[151,250,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-20@95.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 53. Ulivellia laetitiae sp. nov. holotype ♀ (A, C–E) and paratype ♂ (B, F, G). A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, mesonotum and fore leg, lateral; D, head, anterior; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. (A— photograph by John T. Smit)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023306/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">53 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FDFB575FFD70F9ED" box="[589,682,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1375,1399]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,181,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-20@99.[151,1435,181,1351]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 55. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, habitus, left and dorsal; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, wing, anterobasal part; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023310/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">55 A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FD01575FFD35F9ED" box="[695,751,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,182,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-30@102.[151,1436,181,1033]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 57. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov. holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, head, anterior; D, same, left; E, mesonotum, dorsal; F, abdomen, dorsal; G, labels. Scale bar 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023316/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">57 F</figureCitation>
). Male and female abdomen with 5 visible tergites, of them tergites 3–5 subequal in length; female tergite 6 hidden underneath posterior margin of tergite 5. Sternites 3–5 unmodified, subrectangular, sternite 5 trapezoid (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FD085716FCF6F9B5" box="[702,812,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,394,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-138@91.[153,1434,381,1562]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 52. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, preabdomen; B, postabdomen, ventral; C, same, posterior; D, same, lateral E, same, dorsal F, hypandrium, ventral; G, surstyli, posterior; H, phallus. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; hypd—hypandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pstg—postgonite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023304/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 52 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E35FFA2FF715732FD73FEA5" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="86.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FF715732FE77F959" bold="true" box="[199,429,1663,1689]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Male postabdomen</emphasis>
. Sternite 8 setulose, with 2 longer setae. Cerci wide oval, moderately developed, partly fused at bases; in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FEEE57EEFE15F97C" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[344,463,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FEEE57EEFE15F97C" box="[344,463,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, flat and joined by subtriangular proctiger; in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FC7E57EEFB9FF97D" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[968,1093,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetitiae">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FC7E57EEFB9FF97D" box="[968,1093,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. laetitiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, short oval, in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FB5057EEFA46F97D" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1254,1436,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudinsolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FB5057EEFA46F97D" box="[1254,1436,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. pseudinsolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
longer, sack-like; setulose (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FE7C578AFD84F921" box="[458,606,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,394,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-138@91.[153,1434,381,1562]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 52. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, preabdomen; B, postabdomen, ventral; C, same, posterior; D, same, lateral E, same, dorsal F, hypandrium, ventral; G, surstyli, posterior; H, phallus. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; hypd—hypandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pstg—postgonite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023304/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs 52 D, E</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FDDC578BFD1EF921" box="[618,708,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,182,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-20@97.[151,1435,181,1433]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 54. Ulivellia laetitiae sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, postabdomen, lateral; B, same, anteroventral; C, same, ventral; D, epandrium, with cerci and surstyli, posterolateral; E, surstyli and hypandrium, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pi p—pimple-like process; pregt—pregonite; sur— surstylus; v l sur—ventral lobe of surstylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023308/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">54 A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FD67578BFCF4F921" box="[721,814,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-30@100.[151,1436,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 56. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, postabdomen, posterior; B C, same, ventral; D, same, ventrolateral; E, surstyli and hypandrium, ventral; F, preabdomen, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; pregt—pregonite; p l sur—posterior lobe of surstylus; v l sur—ventral lobe of surstylus; st 2— second sternite; st 3—third sternite; st 4—fourth sternite; st 5—fifth sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023312/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">56 A–D</figureCitation>
). Epandrium ovoid, dorsally short, moderately setulose (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FF2957A6FED7F8C5" box="[159,269,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,394,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-138@91.[153,1434,381,1562]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 52. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, preabdomen; B, postabdomen, ventral; C, same, posterior; D, same, lateral E, same, dorsal F, hypandrium, ventral; G, surstyli, posterior; H, phallus. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; hypd—hypandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pstg—postgonite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023304/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs 52 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FEA157A7FE55F8C5" box="[279,399,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,182,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-20@97.[151,1435,181,1433]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 54. Ulivellia laetitiae sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, postabdomen, lateral; B, same, anteroventral; C, same, ventral; D, epandrium, with cerci and surstyli, posterolateral; E, surstyli and hypandrium, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pi p—pimple-like process; pregt—pregonite; sur— surstylus; v l sur—ventral lobe of surstylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023308/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">54 A, B, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FE2E57A7FE29F8C5" box="[408,499,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-30@100.[151,1436,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 56. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, postabdomen, posterior; B C, same, ventral; D, same, ventrolateral; E, surstyli and hypandrium, ventral; F, preabdomen, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; pregt—pregonite; p l sur—posterior lobe of surstylus; v l sur—ventral lobe of surstylus; st 2— second sternite; st 3—third sternite; st 4—fourth sternite; st 5—fifth sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023312/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">56 A–D</figureCitation>
). Surstyli basally wide, in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FCA357A6FC48F8C5" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[789,914,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetitiae">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FCA357A6FC48F8C5" box="[789,914,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. laetitiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, outer surstylus simple with narrow, elongated, mesally directed ventral lobe apically bearing dorsally directed pimple-like process, but without distinct antero-ventral and postero-ventral lobes; inner surstylus with 12–15 thickened prensisetae (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FB88567EFB37F88D" box="[1086,1261,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,182,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-20@97.[151,1435,181,1433]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 54. Ulivellia laetitiae sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, postabdomen, lateral; B, same, anteroventral; C, same, ventral; D, epandrium, with cerci and surstyli, posterolateral; E, surstyli and hypandrium, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pi p—pimple-like process; pregt—pregonite; sur— surstylus; v l sur—ventral lobe of surstylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023308/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs 54 B, D, E</figureCitation>
); in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FAA8567EFA4FF88C" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1310,1429,1843,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FAA8567EFA4FF88C" box="[1310,1429,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mesally directed ventral lobe short and without pimple-like process, but with single sclerotised prensiseta at base (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FF295636FEEBF855" box="[159,305,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,394,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-138@91.[153,1434,381,1562]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 52. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, preabdomen; B, postabdomen, ventral; C, same, posterior; D, same, lateral E, same, dorsal F, hypandrium, ventral; G, surstyli, posterior; H, phallus. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; hypd—hypandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pstg—postgonite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023304/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs 52 B, C</figureCitation>
); inner surstylus with row of 6–8 gradually enlarging prensisetae; in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E35FFA1FB855636FB30F855" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1075,1258,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudinsolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E35FFA1FB855636FB30F855" box="[1075,1258,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U. pseudinsolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, outer surstylus flattened, posteroventrally directed, apically oval with single trichoid sensillum; inner surstylus with 4 very strong claw-like mesally directed prensisetae (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E35FFA1FDEA568EFD2CF81D" box="[604,758,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-30@100.[151,1436,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 56. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, postabdomen, posterior; B C, same, ventral; D, same, ventrolateral; E, surstyli and hypandrium, ventral; F, preabdomen, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; pregt—pregonite; p l sur—posterior lobe of surstylus; v l sur—ventral lobe of surstylus; st 2— second sternite; st 3—third sternite; st 4—fourth sternite; st 5—fifth sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023312/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs 56 A, C</figureCitation>
). Pregonites symmetrical, with 3–5 setulae ventro-mesally, conspicuously anterior of postgonites. Postgonites on laterobasal part of the phallic guide lobes, with 5–6 small trichoid sensilla (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FEEC51F6FE1DFF15" box="[346,455,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,394,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-138@91.[153,1434,381,1562]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 52. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, preabdomen; B, postabdomen, ventral; C, same, posterior; D, same, lateral E, same, dorsal F, hypandrium, ventral; G, surstyli, posterior; H, phallus. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; hypd—hypandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pstg—postgonite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023304/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 52 F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FE6551F7FDD0FF15" box="[467,522,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1457,1481]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,182,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-20@97.[151,1435,181,1433]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 54. Ulivellia laetitiae sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, postabdomen, lateral; B, same, anteroventral; C, same, ventral; D, epandrium, with cerci and surstyli, posterolateral; E, surstyli and hypandrium, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pi p—pimple-like process; pregt—pregonite; sur— surstylus; v l sur—ventral lobe of surstylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023308/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">54 E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FDA151F7FD95FF15" box="[535,591,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-30@100.[151,1436,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 56. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, postabdomen, posterior; B C, same, ventral; D, same, ventrolateral; E, surstyli and hypandrium, ventral; F, preabdomen, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; pregt—pregonite; p l sur—posterior lobe of surstylus; v l sur—ventral lobe of surstylus; st 2— second sternite; st 3—third sternite; st 4—fourth sternite; st 5—fifth sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023312/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">56 E</figureCitation>
). Phallus in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FD6D51F6FC80FF15" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[731,858,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetitiae">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FD6D51F6FC80FF15" box="[731,858,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. laetitiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FC2451F6FB90FF15" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[914,1098,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudinsolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FC2451F6FB90FF15" box="[914,1098,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. pseudinsolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
moderately short and narrow, about 3–4 times as long as epandrium high, almost bare, in rest coiled at right side of abdomen (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FB6D5192FAA8FF39" box="[1243,1394,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-30@100.[151,1436,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 56. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, postabdomen, posterior; B C, same, ventral; D, same, ventrolateral; E, surstyli and hypandrium, ventral; F, preabdomen, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; pregt—pregonite; p l sur—posterior lobe of surstylus; v l sur—ventral lobe of surstylus; st 2— second sternite; st 3—third sternite; st 4—fourth sternite; st 5—fifth sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023312/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 56 A–D</figureCitation>
); in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FF21504EFECAFEDC" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,272,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF21504EFECAFEDC" box="[151,272,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, phallus short and wide, bowed to the right side of abdomen, but neither coiled, nor hidden in the rest, apically with pair of denticles at both sides of gonopore (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FC96506AFC69FE81" box="[800,947,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,394,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-138@91.[153,1434,381,1562]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 52. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, preabdomen; B, postabdomen, ventral; C, same, posterior; D, same, lateral E, same, dorsal F, hypandrium, ventral; G, surstyli, posterior; H, phallus. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; hypd—hypandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pstg—postgonite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023304/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 52 B–E</figureCitation>
). Ejaculatory apodeme short, bar-like, with relatively small sperm pump (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FE505006FD82FEA5" box="[486,600,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,394,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-138@91.[153,1434,381,1562]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 52. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov. paratype ♂ (SIZK) A, preabdomen; B, postabdomen, ventral; C, same, posterior; D, same, lateral E, same, dorsal F, hypandrium, ventral; G, surstyli, posterior; H, phallus. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand— epandrium; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; hypd—hypandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; phapd—phallapodeme; pstg—postgonite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023304/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 52 D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FDD25007FD46FEA5" box="[612,668,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,188,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-30@100.[151,1436,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 56. Ulivellia pseudinsolita sp. nov. holotype ♂. A, postabdomen, posterior; B C, same, ventral; D, same, ventrolateral; E, surstyli and hypandrium, ventral; F, preabdomen, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; ph g—phallic guide; ph—phallus; pregt—pregonite; p l sur—posterior lobe of surstylus; v l sur—ventral lobe of surstylus; st 2— second sternite; st 3—third sternite; st 4—fourth sternite; st 5—fifth sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023312/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">56 B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E36FFA2FF715022FDE0FE49" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,570,367,393]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Female terminalia: not dissected.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E36FFA2FF7150DFFD81FE6D" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,603,402,429]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF7150DFFE72FE6D" bold="true" box="[199,424,402,429]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Preimaginal stages</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FE0350DEFE3EFE6D" bold="true" box="[437,484,403,429]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Egg</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E36FFA2FF7150FBFCBCFCD5" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF7150FBFE69FE11" bold="true" box="[199,435,438,465]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Third instar larvae.</emphasis>
The third instar larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FD6F50FAFCE1FE11" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[729,827,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FD6F50FAFCE1FE11" box="[729,827,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FC4B50FAFB66FE10" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1021,1212,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FC4B50FAFB66FE10" box="[1021,1212,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FB4550FAFABCFE10" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1267,1382,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FB4550FAFADDFE10" box="[1267,1287,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FAA350FAFABCFE10" box="[1301,1382,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FAD050FAFAB0FE10" box="[1382,1386,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">.</emphasis>
The morphology and the cephalopharyngeal skeleton of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FD465096FC88FE35" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[752,850,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FD465096FC88FE35" box="[752,850,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae were basically the same as in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FABA5096FA47FE35" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[1292,1437,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FABA5096FA47FE35" box="[1292,1437,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Aspistomella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6DBAD851E36FFA2FF2950B2FF2DFDD9" box="[159,247,511,537]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="109.[152,244,614,638]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,689,1946]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of measurements of third instar larvae of five species of Aspistomella and Ulivellia (number of specimens examined in brackets)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF26C8B61E0DFF99FF2E532BFDDAFD62" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" tableUuid="DF26C8B61E0DFF99FF2E532BFDDAFD62">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FEBB50B2FE44FDD9" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[269,414,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FEBB50B2FE44FDD9" box="[269,414,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Aspistomella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FE6050B2FDE2FDD9" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[470,568,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FE6050B2FDE2FDD9" box="[470,568,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be distinguished mainly by the structure of the posterior spiracles and the locomotory creeping welts.
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FDB6536EFD4BFDFD" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[512,657,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FDB6536EFD4BFDFD" box="[512,657,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Aspistomella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae had three rows of posteriorly oriented spinules on abdominal segment I (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FEA6530AFEA4FDA1" box="[272,382,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-30@36.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 21. Aspistomella duo sp. nov., SEM views of abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment. A, creeping welt CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a single row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, caudal segment showing the spatial pattern of cuticular sensilla on the left side; F, anal slit; G, right posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e; an—anus; per pad—perianal pad; s1–s10—cuticular sensilla 1–10; sp hr 1–4—spiracular hair groups 1–4; sp sl 1–3—spiracular slits 1–3. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023212/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 21 A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FE31530AFE64FDA1" box="[391,446,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-72@79.[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 47. A. tres sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and anterior spiracles. (A-E) and Aspistomella sp., anterior spiracles (F). A, CW1 on abdominal segment I; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, right posterior spiracle of A. tres sp. nov.; F, left anterior spiracle of Aspistomella sp. Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">47 A</figureCitation>
), three rows of posteriorly oriented spinules in the anterior portion of abdominal segments II-VIII (rows b and c,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FE2D5326FDD4FD45" box="[411,526,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-30@36.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 21. Aspistomella duo sp. nov., SEM views of abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment. A, creeping welt CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a single row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, caudal segment showing the spatial pattern of cuticular sensilla on the left side; F, anal slit; G, right posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e; an—anus; per pad—perianal pad; s1–s10—cuticular sensilla 1–10; sp hr 1–4—spiracular hair groups 1–4; sp sl 1–3—spiracular slits 1–3. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023212/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 21 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FDAA5326FD8EFD45" box="[540,596,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-72@79.[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 47. A. tres sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and anterior spiracles. (A-E) and Aspistomella sp., anterior spiracles (F). A, CW1 on abdominal segment I; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, right posterior spiracle of A. tres sp. nov.; F, left anterior spiracle of Aspistomella sp. Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">47 B</figureCitation>
) and an anterior row of anteriorly oriented spinules on segments III-VIII (row a,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FF5853C2FE84FD69" box="[238,350,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-30@36.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 21. Aspistomella duo sp. nov., SEM views of abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment. A, creeping welt CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a single row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, caudal segment showing the spatial pattern of cuticular sensilla on the left side; F, anal slit; G, right posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e; an—anus; per pad—perianal pad; s1–s10—cuticular sensilla 1–10; sp hr 1–4—spiracular hair groups 1–4; sp sl 1–3—spiracular slits 1–3. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023212/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 21 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FEDC53C2FE79FD69" box="[362,419,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-72@79.[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 47. A. tres sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and anterior spiracles. (A-E) and Aspistomella sp., anterior spiracles (F). A, CW1 on abdominal segment I; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; E, right posterior spiracle of A. tres sp. nov.; F, left anterior spiracle of Aspistomella sp. Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023292/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">47 C</figureCitation>
). In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FD8A53C2FD44FD69" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[572,670,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FD8A53C2FD44FD69" box="[572,670,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae have five rows of posteriorly oriented spinules on abdominal segment I (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FEA353FEFE5DFD0D" box="[277,391,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@103.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 58. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov., SEM views of mouthooks and abdominal creeping welts (CW), posterior spiracle and puparium A, mouthhooks; B, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; C, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; D, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; E, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; F, left posterior spiracle; G, dorsal view of anterior portion of empty puparial integument. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a-e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023318/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 58 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FE2553FEFE16FD0D" box="[403,460,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">60 A</figureCitation>
), five or more rows of posteriorly oriented spinules in the anterior part of the creeping welts of abdominal segments III-VIII (rows b and c,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FD58539AFC85FD31" box="[750,863,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@103.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 58. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov., SEM views of mouthooks and abdominal creeping welts (CW), posterior spiracle and puparium A, mouthhooks; B, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; C, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; D, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; E, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; F, left posterior spiracle; G, dorsal view of anterior portion of empty puparial integument. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a-e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023318/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 58 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FCDD539AFC78FD31" box="[875,930,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">60 B</figureCitation>
) and two to three anterior rows of anteriorly oriented spinules on segments II-VIII (rows a,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FD1553B6FCCFFCD5" box="[675,789,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@103.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 58. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov., SEM views of mouthooks and abdominal creeping welts (CW), posterior spiracle and puparium A, mouthhooks; B, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; C, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; D, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; E, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; F, left posterior spiracle; G, dorsal view of anterior portion of empty puparial integument. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a-e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023318/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 58 D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FC9653B6FC83FCD5" box="[800,857,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">60 C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E36FFA2FF715252FA4AFC2D" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
The posterior spiracular slits of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FDFE5252FD1CFCF8" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[584,710,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FDFE5252FD1CFCF8" box="[584,710,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembled silhouettes of kneeling and bowing humans, their spiracular slits 1 and 2 were symmetrical, and the yellow area above the spiracular slits widened towards the edge of the spiracle (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FEFF522AFE6BFC41" box="[329,433,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Larvae and puparia of Aspistomella (A–B, F–G, I) and Ulivellia (C–E, H). A, A. duo larva, posterior spiracles; B, A. tres larva, same; C, U. tenoris larva, right posterior spiracle; D, U. arcuata larva, right posterior spiracle; E, U. arcuata puparium, right posterior spiracle; F, Aspistomella sp. larva, right posterior spiracle; G, A. duo, empty puparial exuvium; H, U. tenoris empty puparial exuvium; I, A. duo larva, creeping welt on fifth abdominal segment. Arrow indicates an incomplete second row of large spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023171/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 9 D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FE08522BFE2CFC41" box="[446,502,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@103.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 58. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov., SEM views of mouthooks and abdominal creeping welts (CW), posterior spiracle and puparium A, mouthhooks; B, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; C, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; D, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; E, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; F, left posterior spiracle; G, dorsal view of anterior portion of empty puparial integument. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a-e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023318/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">58 F</figureCitation>
). In contrast, the spiracular slits of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FC3D522AFC26FC40" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[907,1020,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FC3D522AFC26FC40" box="[907,1020,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had an additional turn in the central part, spiracular slits 1 and 2 were asymmetrical and the width of the yellow line above the spiracular slit was almost constant (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FEB552E2FEBDFC09" box="[259,359,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Larvae and puparia of Aspistomella (A–B, F–G, I) and Ulivellia (C–E, H). A, A. duo larva, posterior spiracles; B, A. tres larva, same; C, U. tenoris larva, right posterior spiracle; D, U. arcuata larva, right posterior spiracle; E, U. arcuata puparium, right posterior spiracle; F, Aspistomella sp. larva, right posterior spiracle; G, A. duo, empty puparial exuvium; H, U. tenoris empty puparial exuvium; I, A. duo larva, creeping welt on fifth abdominal segment. Arrow indicates an incomplete second row of large spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023171/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 9 C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FEC452E2FE70FC09" box="[370,426,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">60 G</figureCitation>
); furthermore, the shape of the spiracle was more rectangular than the more oval shape of the other four species and the distance between the spiracles was comparatively large (high sd/sw index,
<tableCitation id="C6DBAD851E36FFA2FA9B529EFA59FC2D" box="[1325,1411,979,1005]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="109.[152,244,614,638]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,689,1946]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of measurements of third instar larvae of five species of Aspistomella and Ulivellia (number of specimens examined in brackets)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF26C8B61E0DFF99FF2E532BFDDAFD62" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" tableUuid="DF26C8B61E0DFF99FF2E532BFDDAFD62">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E36FFA2FF7152BAFAD1FB61" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FF7152BAFEA4FBD0" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,382,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF7152BAFEA4FBD0" box="[199,382,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FD7552BAFCE1FBD0" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[707,827,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FD7552BAFCE1FBD0" box="[707,827,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a double row of large spinules (rows d,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FAC652BAFF0AFBF5" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 60 C</figureCitation>
), while
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FE9D5556FE79FBF4" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[299,419,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FE9D5556FE79FBF4" box="[299,419,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had only one (rows d,
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FD115556FCCCFBF5" box="[679,790,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@103.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 58. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov., SEM views of mouthooks and abdominal creeping welts (CW), posterior spiracle and puparium A, mouthhooks; B, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; C, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; D, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; E, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; F, left posterior spiracle; G, dorsal view of anterior portion of empty puparial integument. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a-e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023318/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 58 D</figureCitation>
). Furthermore, in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FC545556FB88FBF4" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[994,1106,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FC545556FB88FBF4" box="[994,1106,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rows b in the anterior half of the creeping welts of abdominal segments II-VIII were discontinuous, slightly curved and mesh-like (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FAA95572FA54FB99" box="[1311,1422,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 60 C</figureCitation>
), while in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FF4D552EFEAEFBBC" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[251,372,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF4D552EFEAEFBBC" box="[251,372,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they were relatively parallel to each other and continuous (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FBA5552EFB5EFBBD" box="[1043,1156,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@103.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 58. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov., SEM views of mouthooks and abdominal creeping welts (CW), posterior spiracle and puparium A, mouthhooks; B, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; C, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; D, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; E, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; F, left posterior spiracle; G, dorsal view of anterior portion of empty puparial integument. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a-e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023318/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 58 D</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FB2E552EFA82FBBC" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[1176,1368,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FB2E552EFA82FBBC" box="[1176,1368,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had a continuous central row c (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FE0D55CAFDF3FB61" box="[443,553,1158,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@103.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 58. Ulivellia arcuata sp. nov., SEM views of mouthooks and abdominal creeping welts (CW), posterior spiracle and puparium A, mouthhooks; B, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; C, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; D, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; E, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; F, left posterior spiracle; G, dorsal view of anterior portion of empty puparial integument. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a-e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023318/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 58 D</figureCitation>
), whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FD1655CAFCCAFB60" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[672,784,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FD1655CAFCCAFB60" box="[672,784,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
row c had a discontinuous row c (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FB2755CAFB24FB61" box="[1169,1278,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[151,1436,181,1602]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 60. Ulivellia tenoris sp. nov., SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts (CW) and caudal segment A, CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; B, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; C, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, ventral view; D, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII, ventral view; E, anal slit; F, posterior spiracles on caudal segment, dorsal view; G, left posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023322/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 60 C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E36FFA2FF7155E7FB04FAF1" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF7155E7FE9AFB04" bold="true" box="[199,320,1194,1220]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Puparium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FEF955E6FE15FB05" box="[335,463,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Larvae and puparia of Aspistomella (A–B, F–G, I) and Ulivellia (C–E, H). A, A. duo larva, posterior spiracles; B, A. tres larva, same; C, U. tenoris larva, right posterior spiracle; D, U. arcuata larva, right posterior spiracle; E, U. arcuata puparium, right posterior spiracle; F, Aspistomella sp. larva, right posterior spiracle; G, A. duo, empty puparial exuvium; H, U. tenoris empty puparial exuvium; I, A. duo larva, creeping welt on fifth abdominal segment. Arrow indicates an incomplete second row of large spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023171/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 9 E, H</figureCitation>
). Puparia of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FDD755E6FD19FB05" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[609,707,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FDD755E6FD19FB05" box="[609,707,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FC6E55E6FBB3FB05" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[984,1129,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FC6E55E6FBB3FB05" box="[984,1129,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Aspistomella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but could be distinguished by their posterior spiracles and creeping welts, just as in larvae (
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FCE85582FC65FB28" box="[862,959,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">compare</emphasis>
spiracular slits in
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FB3F5582FAD3FB29" box="[1161,1289,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Larvae and puparia of Aspistomella (A–B, F–G, I) and Ulivellia (C–E, H). A, A. duo larva, posterior spiracles; B, A. tres larva, same; C, U. tenoris larva, right posterior spiracle; D, U. arcuata larva, right posterior spiracle; E, U. arcuata puparium, right posterior spiracle; F, Aspistomella sp. larva, right posterior spiracle; G, A. duo, empty puparial exuvium; H, U. tenoris empty puparial exuvium; I, A. duo larva, creeping welt on fifth abdominal segment. Arrow indicates an incomplete second row of large spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023171/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 9 D, E</figureCitation>
). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FF2155BEFEF2FACD" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,296,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Aspistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF2155BEFEF2FACD" box="[151,296,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Aspistomella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
puparia were widest at abdominal segments 3–4, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FC0F55BEFBC1FACD" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[953,1051,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FC0F55BEFBC1FACD" box="[953,1051,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
puparia were widest at abdominal segment 7 (
<figureCitation id="136284BB1E36FFA2FEAE545AFE46FAF1" box="[280,412,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Larvae and puparia of Aspistomella (A–B, F–G, I) and Ulivellia (C–E, H). A, A. duo larva, posterior spiracles; B, A. tres larva, same; C, U. tenoris larva, right posterior spiracle; D, U. arcuata larva, right posterior spiracle; E, U. arcuata puparium, right posterior spiracle; F, Aspistomella sp. larva, right posterior spiracle; G, A. duo, empty puparial exuvium; H, U. tenoris empty puparial exuvium; I, A. duo larva, creeping welt on fifth abdominal segment. Arrow indicates an incomplete second row of large spinules. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023171/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 9 G, H</figureCitation>
). Puparia of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FD99545AFD7DFAF0" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[559,679,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FD99545AFD7DFAF0" box="[559,679,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were smaller than those of the other three species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E36FFA2FF715477FB4EFAB9" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF715477FEF0FA94" bold="true" box="[199,298,1338,1364]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Habitat.</emphasis>
The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FE635476FD4CFA94" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[469,662,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FE635476FD4CFA94" box="[469,662,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia arcuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FD675476FC99FA94" authorityName="Kovac &amp; Kameneva &amp; Korneyev &amp; Araújo &amp; Savaris &amp; Smit &amp; Schneider &amp; Schreiber &amp; Korneyev" authorityYear="2024" box="[721,835,1339,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenoris">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FD675476FC99FA94" box="[721,835,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">U. tenoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
live in the water-filled internodes of young bamboo culms of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FF495412FE3DFAB9" box="[255,487,1375,1401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF495412FE3DFAB9" box="[255,487,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Guadua angustifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The biology of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FD175412FCD9FAB9" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[673,771,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FD175412FCD9FAB9" box="[673,771,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described in the Biology section.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E36FFA3FF7154CEFE6CFEDD" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E36FFA2FF7154CEFD7DF9C9" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF7154CEFEE1FA5D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1411,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the original description,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC8E5CF1E36FFA2FDCB54CEFCFEFA5D" author="Speiser, P." box="[637,804,1411,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="27 - 31" refId="ref76051" refString="Speiser, P. (1929) Drei Ortaliden aus Sudbrasilien (Dipt.). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 46, 27 - 31." type="journal article" year="1929">Speiser (1929)</bibRefCitation>
characterised
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FC7C54CEFBF6FA5D" authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1929" box="[970,1068,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Ulivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FC7C54CEFBF6FA5D" box="[970,1068,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as “…somewhat reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FF2154EAFF34FA01" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,238,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF2154EAFF34FA01" box="[151,238,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Rivellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[a genus of the
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FE1254EAFD8CFA01" box="[420,598,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platystomatidae</taxonomicName>
—VK] in the general appearance; however, this form belongs to the group around
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FF5A5486FE41FA25" authority="H. Lw." authorityName="H. Lw." box="[236,411,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF5A5486FE9FFA24" box="[236,325,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Euxesta</emphasis>
H. Lw.
</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FDA15486FD2DFA25" authority="Coquill." authorityName="Coquill." box="[535,759,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Pareuxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FDA15486FD4EFA24" box="[535,660,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pareuxesta</emphasis>
Coquill.
</taxonomicName>
because the end of R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E36FFA2FC505490FC34FA2B" attach="left" box="[998,1006,1501,1515]" fontSize="6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">1</subScript>
is setulose and the analis [vein CuA + CuP] disappears just behind the anal cell [cua].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E36FFA3FF71575EFE6CFEDD" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="87.[151,1437,151,1185]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
[…]Due to the peculiar position of the small transverse veins, the use of Hendel's key […] of the “Genera Insectorum”, one is easily misled into interpreting the form as
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FCD3577AFBE6F991" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[869,1084,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Axiologina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FCD3577AFC3AF991" box="[869,992,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Axiologina</emphasis>
Hendel
</taxonomicName>
; leaving this aside, one arrives quite easily at
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FE815716FDC9F9B5" authority="Coquill." authorityName="Coquill." box="[311,531,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Pareuxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FE815716FE6EF9B4" box="[311,436,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pareuxesta</emphasis>
Coquill.
</taxonomicName>
—however, apart from the setae on the frontal vitta, which are much more similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FEA25732FEB7F958" box="[276,365,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FEA25732FEB7F958" box="[276,365,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Euxesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the vertical plates of the frons are only short, so that they hardly reach further forward than the ocellar triangle, and thus barely reach a third of the length of the frons. On the other hand, the ocelli are not arranged in an equilateral triangle, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FE59578AFDB6F920" box="[495,620,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Pareuxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FE59578AFDB6F920" box="[495,620,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pareuxesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in an acute-angled isosceles triangle. The clypeus [face—VK] is not only shallowly concave, but rather deeply depressed transversely above the centre; its upper, slightly transversely curved part has a fine median longitudinal keel, as in some
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FC835642FC33F8E9" box="[821,1001,1807,1833]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FC835642FC54F8E8" box="[821,910,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Euxesta</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
; the lower part is well curved. The 3rd antennal joint [postpedicel] has a shallowly concave upper edge, otherwise the morphology of the head and its appendages, as well as that of the thorax and its bristles, does not differ from that of compared genera. The wing vein, however, has some peculiarities: The first posterior marginal cell [= cell r
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E36FFA2FBB656C0FBC0F85B" attach="left" box="[1024,1050,1933,1947]" fontSize="6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">4+5</subScript>
—VK] is very clearly narrowed by the convergence of the longitudinal veins. The small transverse vein [= r-m—VK] is displaced proximally (further than in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FF5D568EFE63F81D" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" box="[235,441,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FF5D568EFE84F81D" box="[235,350,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">E. insolita</emphasis>
Hendel
</taxonomicName>
, but not as far as in
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E36FFA2FD2E568EFCC9F81D" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[664,787,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Axiologina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E36FFA2FD2E568EFCC9F81D" box="[664,787,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Axiologina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); it is slightly further than at the end of the first quarter of the disal cell length. Due to a peculiar divergence of the cubitus [= vein M
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E37FFA3FC7B51E4FC0FFF77" attach="left" box="[973,981,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">4</subScript>
] towards the posterior margin, the discal cell is already widened from the first quarter of its length, so that at the the posterior transverse vein it is at least three times as wide as its base; its postero-distal corner is acute-angled. The character of the anal cell and vein has already been mentioned.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C343CBB51E37FFA3FF71506BFAE7FB61" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E37FFA3FF71506BFD13FE11" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B92D442C1E37FFA3FF71506BFE13FE80" bold="true" box="[199,457,294,320]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">[Original description</emphasis>
: “Im Gesamtbilde etwas an
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E37FFA3FC93506AFCA4FE81" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[805,894,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rivellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rivellia</taxonomicName>
erinnernd, gehört diese Form gewissermassen vermittelnd in die Gruppe um
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E37FFA3FE455006FD7BFEA5" authority="H. Lw." authorityName="H. Lw." box="[499,673,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euxesta H. Lw.</taxonomicName>
—Man könnte sie fast ebenso gut als etwas weitergehend seitwärts entwickelte
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E37FFA3FE925022FEA7FE49" box="[292,381,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euxesta</taxonomicName>
neben
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E37FFA3FE615022FD70FE49" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" box="[471,682,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">E. insolita Hendel</taxonomicName>
stellen, wie man mit grösserem formalen Recht sie zur Gattung
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E37FFA3FF2150DEFEA9FE6D" authority="Coquill." authorityName="Coquill." box="[151,371,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Pareuxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pareuxesta Coquill.</taxonomicName>
rechnen könnte, weil das Ende von R
<subScript id="17DD9A7B1E37FFA3FCAA50E8FCFEFE73" attach="left" box="[796,804,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">1</subScript>
(Subcosta bei Hendel) dicht beborstet ist und die Analis ein Stückchen hinter der Analzelle restlos aufhört.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6983E1E37FFA3FF715096FAE7FB61" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Hendel will ja auch schon diese Inselgattung
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E37FFA3FD635096FC94FE35" box="[725,846,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Pareuxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pareuxesta</taxonomicName>
für „etwas problematisch“ halten. Immerhin ist sie deutlich genug gekennzeichnet, und anderseits die jetzt neu vorliegende Form doch im Geäder einigermassen abweichend, um nicht ohne Zwang weiterer Tatsachen alles zu vereinigen und damit tiergeographische Hinweise unnötig zu verwischen. Durch die eigenartige Stellung der kleinen Querader wird man bei Benutzung von Hendel's Tabelle in fase. 106 der „Genera Insectorum&quot; leicht verleitet, die Form als
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E37FFA3FC795326FB7EFD45" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1909" box="[975,1188,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Axiologina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hendel">Axiologina Hendel</taxonomicName>
aufzufassen, lässt man diese Klippe beiseite, gelangt man ziemlich zwanglos auf
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E37FFA3FCA353C2FC36FD69" authority="Coquill." authorityName="Coquill." box="[789,1004,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Pareuxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pareuxesta Coquill.</taxonomicName>
—Abgesehen aber von der Beborstung der Stirnstrieme, die erheblich mehr derjenigen bei
<taxonomicName id="4C59E3BD1E37FFA3FD5753FEFCE0FD0D" box="[737,826,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euxesta</taxonomicName>
entspricht, sind auch die Scheitelplatten der Stirn nur kurz entwickelt, sodass sie kaum weiter nach vorn reichen, als das Ocellendreieck, und also kaum ein Drittel der Stirnlänge erreichen. Die Ocellen anderseits stehen nicht, wie bei
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, in einem gleichseitigen, sondern in einem spitzwinklig gleichschenkligen Dreieck. Der Clypeus ist nicht nur seicht konkav, sondern oberhalb der Mitte ziemlich tief quer eingedrückt, sein oberer, wenig in der Quere gewölbter Teil weist, wie bei einigen Euxesta-Arten auch, einen feinen Mittellängskiel auf; der untere Teil ist gut gewölbt. Das 3. Fühlerglied weist eine seicht konkav ausgebuchtete Oberkante auf, sonst bietet die Morphologie des Kopfes und seiner Anhänge, ebenso diejenige des Thorax und seine Beborstung keine Abweichungen gegenüber den verglichenen Gattungen. Das Flügelgeäder indessen hat einige eigentümliche Züge: Die erste Hinterrandzelle ist durch Convergenz der Längsadern sehr deutlich verengt. Die kleine Querader ist (weiter als bei
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, aber nicht so weit, wie bei
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) wurzelwärts zurückverlagert; sie steht ein wenig weiter als am Ende des ersten Viertels der Discoidalzellenlänge. Die Discoidalzelle ist durch eine eigentümliche Schwingung des Cubitus gegen den Hinterrand zu schon von dem ersten Viertel ihrer Länge ab buchtig erweitert, sodass die hintere Querader gut dreimal so lang ist wie ihre Basis; ihr unteres äusseres Ende ist spitzwinklig. Die Beschaffenheit der Analzelle und -ader wurde bereits erwähnt.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

161
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@ -1,104 +1,106 @@
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4.2.5 | Genus
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4.2.4 | Genus
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF81F0785C41C2E7FAD0FA61" ID-CoL="544V" authority="Sabrosky, 1980" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1980" box="[1043,1372,1489,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF81F0785C41C2E7FB1CFA60" box="[1043,1168,1489,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="622">Incertella</emphasis>
Sabrosky, 1980
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D88A654CFF81F0785B60C12DFAE8F8E4" pageId="8" pageNumber="622" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF81F0785B60C12DFAE8F8E4" blockId="8.[818,1467,1562,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="622">
Four of the five species assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF81F0785D05C12CFC1FF9DB" authority="Sabrosky" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF81F0785D05C12CFA36F9BC" box="[1367,1466,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="622">Incertella</emphasis>
Sabrosky
</taxonomicName>
were initially grouped together in a single cluster. Although the cluster was flagged by LIT due to instability caused by the distance between
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF81F0785C80C1B5FA36F914" authority="(Meigen)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1234,1466,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpis">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF81F0785C80C1B5FAC7F914" box="[1234,1355,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="622">I.albipalpis</emphasis>
(Meigen)
</taxonomicName>
(Figure 5T1–2) and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF81F0785C40C190FA88F933" authority="(Duda)" baseAuthorityName="Duda" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1042,1284,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zuercheri">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF81F0785C40C190FB97F933" box="[1042,1051,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="622">I</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF81F0785C1EC193FB21F933" box="[1100,1197,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="622">zuercheri</emphasis>
(Duda)
</taxonomicName>
(Figure 5S), the genetic distances between
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF81F0785C2BC1FEFB7EF96E" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1145,1266,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpis">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF81F0785C2BC1FEFB7EF96E" box="[1145,1266,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="622">I.albipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure 5T1–2),
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF81F0785B60C1DDFC7BF88C" authority="(Becker)" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[818,1015,1770,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerteszi">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF81F0785B60C1DDFC1EF88C" box="[818,914,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="622">I.kerteszi</emphasis>
(Becker)
</taxonomicName>
(Figure 5U1–2) and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF81F0785CB8C1DDFA37F88C" authority="(Duda)" baseAuthorityName="Duda" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1258,1467,1770,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF81F0785CB8C1DDFAEEF88C" box="[1258,1378,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="622">I.nigrifrons</emphasis>
(Duda)
</taxonomicName>
(Figure 5V1–2) are minimal (0.32% threshold). For effectively splitting this cluster using morphology, the frons colour pattern and male cerci shape when available were used.
</paragraph>
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4.2.6 | Genus
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C41C601FAB1FEDA" ID-CoL="63GN6" authority="Becker, 1909" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1909" box="[1043,1341,311,340]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C41C601FB01FEDA" box="[1043,1165,311,340]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">Oscinella</emphasis>
Becker, 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D88A654CFF83F07A5B60C6B6FAFEF83E" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF83F07A5B60C6B6FAD7FD04" blockId="10.[818,1466,384,1968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">
There are 23 species of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C6CC6B6FB75FE16" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1909" box="[1086,1273,384,408]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C6CC6B6FB28FE16" box="[1086,1188,384,408]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">Oscinella</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
in the Palearctic region (von Tschirnhaus pers. comm.). Although this genus is fairly abundant across Europe, encompasses agricultural pests within the
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C20C6DEFB3CFD8E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1138,1200,488,512]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C20C6DEFB3CFD8E" box="[1138,1200,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex (
<bibRefCitation id="F4014B36FF83F07A5D7CC6DEFC63FDAC" author="Nartshuk &amp; Andersson" firstAuthor="Nartshuk" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref11975" refString="Nartshuk, E. P., &amp; Andersson, H. (2013). The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. In The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark (pp. 1-234). Brill." type="book chapter" year="2013">Nartshuk &amp; Andersson, 2013</bibRefCitation>
) and are addressed in thousands of publications, a taxonomic revision of its Palearctic species is still pending.
<bibRefCitation id="F4014B36FF83F07A5B86C566FBF7FDE6" author="Nielsen" box="[980,1147,592,616]" firstAuthor="Nielsen" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" pagination="39 - 62" refId="ref12112" refString="Nielsen, L. B. (2014). Distribution of Oscinellinae (Diptera: Chloropidae) in the Danish landscape. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 82 (1), 39-62." type="journal article" year="2014">Nielsen (2014)</bibRefCitation>
established four criteria to identify species of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C53C545FBB3FD04" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1025,1087,626,650]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C53C545FBB3FD04" box="[1025,1087,626,650]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex from Denmark.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF83F07A5B07C5A0FC25FBA4" blockId="10.[818,1466,384,1968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">
In our dataset, 13 species of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5CC0C5A3FB74FD23" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1909" box="[1170,1272,661,685]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5CC0C5A3FB74FD23" box="[1170,1272,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">Oscinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were recognised, all originally grouped into a single molecular cluster (Figure 6). As expected, this cluster posed several challenges, not only for the
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C1AC5CBFB08FC9B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1096,1156,765,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C1AC5CBFB08FC9B" box="[1096,1156,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex described in the literature (
<bibRefCitation id="F4014B36FF83F07A5BA7C416FACDFCB6" author="Nartshuk &amp; Andersson" box="[1013,1345,800,824]" firstAuthor="Nartshuk" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref11975" refString="Nartshuk, E. P., &amp; Andersson, H. (2013). The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. In The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark (pp. 1-234). Brill." type="book chapter" year="2013">Nartshuk &amp; Andersson, 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Seven of the 13 species were separated reclustering at a 3% threshold (
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5B3FC453FBB1FCF3" authority="(Fallen)" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[877,1085,869,893]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maura">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5B3FC453FC58FCF3" box="[877,980,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. maura</emphasis>
(Fállen)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C1DC453FAA9FCF3" authority="(Meigen)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1103,1317,869,893]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusila">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C1DC453FB21FCF3" box="[1103,1197,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O.pusila</emphasis>
(Meigen)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5D65C453FC10FC2E" authority="(Meigen)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vindicata">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5D65C453FA36FCF3" box="[1335,1466,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. vindicata</emphasis>
(Meigen)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5BF8C4BEFC6BFC2E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[938,999,904,928]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5BF8C4BEFC6BFC2E" box="[938,999,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 1,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C10C4BEFBF3FC2E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1090,1151,904,928]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C10C4BEFBF3FC2E" box="[1090,1151,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 2,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C88C4BEFA9BFC2E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1242,1303,904,928]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C88C4BEFA9BFC2E" box="[1242,1303,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 5 and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5DF2C4BEFBA8FC4C" authority="Collin" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1946" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariciphila">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5DF2C4BEFA3FFC11" box="[1440,1459,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5B0AC49CFC42FC4C" box="[856,974,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">cariciphila</emphasis>
Collin
</taxonomicName>
). However, the genetic boundaries between the other six species were less clear, with
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5D2AC4FBFCF2FB86" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1946" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angularis">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5D2AC4FBFCF2FB86" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. angularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5B9BC4C6FB5BFB86" authority="(Meigen)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[969,1239,1008,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidissima">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5B9BC4C6FBD3FB86" box="[969,1119,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. nitidissima</emphasis>
(Meigen)
</taxonomicName>
sharing the same haplotype.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="902F36C7FF83F07A595FC40FFEAAF824" blockId="10.[269,294,825,1962]" box="[269,294,825,1962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">
complex species
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A595FC4EDFEA8FB60" box="[269,292,987,1262]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A595FC4EDFEA8FBC8" authorityName="sensu Nartshuk and Andersson" authorityYear="2013" box="[269,292,987,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Aphanotrigonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilineatum">trilineatum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A595FC37DFEA8FB60" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1932" box="[269,292,1099,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Aphanotrigonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphanotrigonum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
including 147 cluster of features morphological Diagnostic
<pageTitle id="D00FEEA0FF83F07A595FC00CFEAAF824" box="[269,294,1850,1962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">2 E L B A T</pageTitle>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF83F07A5B07C300FAB3F9BC" blockId="10.[818,1466,384,1968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">
For the remaining four species of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C8BC303FAB3FBC3" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1909" box="[1241,1343,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C8BC303FAB3FBC3" box="[1241,1343,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">Oscinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5D1FC303FA05FBC3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1357,1417,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5D1FC303FA05FBC3" box="[1357,1417,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O.frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 3 and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5BD2C36EFC30FBFE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[896,956,1112,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5BD2C36EFC30FBFE" box="[896,956,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 6 were split at a 0.96% threshold. The only haplotype assigned to
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C25C34DFA36FB1C" authority="(Macquart)" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[1143,1466,1146,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C25C34DFB06FB1C" box="[1143,1162,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C90C34DFAA3FB1C" box="[1218,1327,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">nigerrima</emphasis>
(Macquart)
</taxonomicName>
and the five haplotypes of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C23C3ABFB22FB3B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1137,1198,1181,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C23C3ABFB22FB3B" box="[1137,1198,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 4 were studied in detail. Despite the male terminalia morphology being a useful tool for species recognition within
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5D7AC3D4FA3AFB74" box="[1320,1462,1250,1274]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
, small variations in the surstylus width and pilosity, cercus shape and surface and phallic complex among the five haplotypes verified were not conclusive for establishing reliable species boundaries within
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5CEFC25BFB75FA0B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1213,1273,1389,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5CEFC25BFB75FA0B" box="[1213,1273,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 4. Certainly, additional genomic markers allied to three-dimensional imaging techniques of complex morphological features can provide additional evidence for resolving further the
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5B60C2CEFC4CF99E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[818,960,1528,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5B60C2CEFC4CF99E" box="[818,960,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">Oscinella frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species conundrum. The diagnostic features of the
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5B28C12CFBBAF9BC" box="[890,1078,1562,1586]" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5B28C12CFC6CF9BC" box="[890,992,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">Oscinella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are outlined in Table 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF83F07A5B07C10BFAFEF83E" blockId="10.[818,1466,384,1968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">
The above criteria related to the gena width, arista ratio and tibia colour proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="F4014B36FF83F07A5C2DC156FAA8F9F6" author="Nielsen" box="[1151,1316,1632,1656]" firstAuthor="Nielsen" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" pagination="39 - 62" refId="ref12112" refString="Nielsen, L. B. (2014). Distribution of Oscinellinae (Diptera: Chloropidae) in the Danish landscape. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 82 (1), 39-62." type="journal article" year="2014">Nielsen (2014)</bibRefCitation>
were less informative than the femoral organ and male terminalia to identify the species from the
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5C2AC193FB39F933" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1144,1205,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5C2AC193FB39F933" box="[1144,1205,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. Additionally, the species
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5BEBC1FEFC7AF96E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[953,1014,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5BEBC1FEFC7AF96E" box="[953,1014,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 2 have the fore femur notably enlarged as a diagnostic feature. Although the species
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF83F07A5D24C1DDFA3FF88C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1398,1459,1770,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF83F07A5D24C1DDFA3FF88C" box="[1398,1459,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="624">O. frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. var. 5 and var. 6 share the femoral organ covered with spine-like setulae, there are differences in the ocellar triangle length and setulae coverage. Furthermore, they did not appear as directly related in the haplotype network; therefore, they were considered as separate species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C4EF664FFF82F07B5826C52FFBC7FDBE" box="[116,1099,537,562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" startId="11.[116,131,537,562]" targetBox="[122,1948,588,1554]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF82F07B5826C52FFBC7FDBE" blockId="11.[116,1099,537,562]" box="[116,1099,537,562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<tableNote id="6D763749FF82F07B5826C52FFF69FDBC" box="[116,229,537,562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" targetBox="[122,1948,588,1554]" targetPageId="11">T A B L E 3</tableNote>
Diagnostic morphological features of cluster 156 including
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5B63C52FFC24FDBE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[817,936,537,560]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5B63C52FFC24FDBE" box="[817,936,537,560]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Oscinella frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF82F07B5C19C52FFBC3FDBE" blockId="11.[1099,1103,537,560]" box="[1099,1103,537,560]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<tableNote id="6D763749FF82F07B5C19C52FFBC3FDBE" box="[1099,1103,537,560]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" targetBox="[122,1948,588,1554]" targetPageId="11">.</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF82F07B5828C5B7F8EFFA76" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<table id="E290C467FF820F8F5828C57AF810F99C" box="[122,1948,588,1554]" gridcols="11" gridrows="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C57AF810FD1B" box="[122,1948,588,661]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C57AFF75FD1B" box="[122,249,588,661]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C5B7FF56FD1B" bold="true" box="[122,218,641,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Cluster 156</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C57AFE02FD1B" box="[289,398,588,661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5973C5B7FEDBFD1B" bold="true" box="[289,343,641,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Arista</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C57AFDA4FD1B" box="[443,552,588,661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B59E9C57AFE69FD1B" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">2nd:3rd aristomere ratio</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C57AFD22FD1B" box="[578,686,588,661]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5A10C5B7FDE3FD1B" bold="true" box="[578,623,641,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Gena</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC57AFCADFD1B" box="[734,801,588,661]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5A8CC5B7FCADFD1B" bold="true" box="[734,801,641,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Scutum</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C57AFC4FFD1B" box="[835,963,588,661]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5B11C5B7FC4FFD1B" bold="true" box="[835,963,641,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Anepisternum</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C57AFBE4FD1B" box="[1010,1128,588,661]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5BA0C5B7FBCEFD1B" bold="true" box="[1010,1090,641,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Mid tibia</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC57AFABFFD1B" box="[1166,1331,588,661]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5CDCC5B7FA82FD1B" bold="true" box="[1166,1294,641,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Femoral organ</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C57AF98AFD1B" box="[1349,1542,588,661]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5D17C5B7FA1AFD1B" bold="true" box="[1349,1430,641,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Surstylus</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C57AF94BFD1B" box="[1572,1735,588,661]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5E76C5B7F939FD1B" bold="true" box="[1572,1717,641,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Cercus in profile</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC57AF810FD1B" box="[1759,1948,588,661]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5E8DC551F895FD1B" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Phallapodeme in profile</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C59CF810FD56" box="[122,1948,682,728]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C59CFF75FD56" box="[122,249,682,728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C59CFF7DFD33" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1946" box="[122,241,682,701]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angularis">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C59CFF0BFD33" box="[122,135,682,701]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B58F5C59CFF7DFD33" box="[167,241,682,701]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">angularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Figure 6G1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C59CFE02FD56" box="[289,398,682,728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; dense pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C59CFDA4FD56" box="[443,552,682,728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">1:2</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C59CFD22FD56" box="[578,686,682,728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Narrow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC59CFCADFD56" box="[734,801,682,728]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C59CFC4FFD56" box="[835,963,682,728]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Shiny</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C59CFBE4FD56" box="[1010,1128,682,728]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black with tips yellow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC59CFABFFD56" box="[1166,1331,682,728]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">5 warts; no dark spot</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C59CF98AFD56" box="[1349,1542,682,728]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; setae in the base indistinct</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C59CF94BFD56" box="[1572,1735,682,728]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Circa 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC59CF810FD56" box="[1759,1948,682,728]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex with a dorsal round projection</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C5DEF810FC98" box="[122,1948,744,790]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C5DEFF75FC98" box="[122,249,744,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C5DEFF6DFD75" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1946" box="[122,225,744,763]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariciphila">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C5DEFF0BFD75" box="[122,135,744,763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B58DCC5DEFF6DFD75" box="[142,225,744,763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">cariciphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Figure 6D1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C5DEFE02FC98" box="[289,398,744,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; sparse pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C5DEFDA4FC98" box="[443,552,744,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">0.9:1.6</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C5DEFD22FC98" box="[578,686,744,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Narrow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC5DEFCADFC98" box="[734,801,744,790]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C5DEFC4FFC98" box="[835,963,744,790]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted dorsally</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C5DEFBE4FC98" box="[1010,1128,744,790]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dark yellow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC5DEFABFFC98" box="[1166,1331,744,790]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">6 warts; no dark spot</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C5DEF98AFC98" box="[1349,1542,744,790]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; 2–3 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C5DEF94BFC98" box="[1572,1735,744,790]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Less than 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC5DEF810FC98" box="[1759,1948,744,790]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex slightly enlarged</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C410F810FCDA" box="[122,1948,806,852]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C410FF75FCDA" box="[122,249,806,852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C410FF4FFCB7" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[122,195,806,825]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maura">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C410FF4FFCB7" box="[122,195,806,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O.maura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Figure 6C1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C410FE02FCDA" box="[289,398,806,852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Pale; dense pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C410FDA4FCDA" box="[443,552,806,852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">1:1.7</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C410FD22FCDA" box="[578,686,806,852]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC410FCADFCDA" box="[734,801,806,852]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C410FC4FFCDA" box="[835,963,806,852]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted dorsally</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C410FBE4FCDA" box="[1010,1128,806,852]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC410FABFFCDA" box="[1166,1331,806,852]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">6 warts; with a dark spot</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C410F98AFCDA" box="[1349,1542,806,852]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; 2–3 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C410F94BFCDA" box="[1572,1735,806,852]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Circa 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC410F810FCDA" box="[1759,1948,806,852]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex with a dorsal round projection</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C453F810FC1C" box="[122,1948,869,914]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C453FF75FC1C" box="[122,249,869,914]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C453FF68FCF6" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[122,228,869,888]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidissima">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C453FF68FCF6" box="[122,228,869,888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O.nitidissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Figure 6F1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C453FE02FC1C" box="[289,398,869,914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; sparse pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C453FDA4FC1C" box="[443,552,869,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">0.7:2.3</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C453FD22FC1C" box="[578,686,869,914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Narrow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC453FCADFC1C" box="[734,801,869,914]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Shiny</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C453FC4FFC1C" box="[835,963,869,914]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Shiny</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C453FBE4FC1C" box="[1010,1128,869,914]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Yellow with a black ring</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC453FABFFC1C" box="[1166,1331,869,914]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">7 warts; no dark spot</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C453F98AFC1C" box="[1349,1542,869,914]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; setae in the base indistinct</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C453F94BFC1C" box="[1572,1735,869,914]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Less than 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC453F810FC1C" box="[1759,1948,869,914]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex slightly enlarged</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C495F810FC5F" box="[122,1948,931,977]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C495FF75FC5F" box="[122,249,931,977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C495FF31FC38" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[122,189,931,950]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusila">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C495FF31FC38" box="[122,189,931,950]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O.pusila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Figure 6A1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C495FE02FC5F" box="[289,398,931,977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; sparse pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C495FDA4FC5F" box="[443,552,931,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">1:2.2</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C495FD22FC5F" box="[578,686,931,977]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular/large</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC495FCADFC5F" box="[734,801,931,977]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C495FC4FFC5F" box="[835,963,931,977]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted dorsally</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C495FBE4FC5F" box="[1010,1128,931,977]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Yellow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC495FABFFC5F" box="[1166,1331,931,977]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">5 warts; no dark spot</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C495F98AFC5F" box="[1349,1542,931,977]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; circa 6 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C495F94BFC5F" box="[1572,1735,931,977]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Less than 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC495F810FC5F" box="[1759,1948,931,977]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex with a dorsal acute projection</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C4D7F810FB81" box="[122,1948,993,1039]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C4D7FF75FB81" box="[122,249,993,1039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C4D7FF5AFC7A" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[122,214,993,1012]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vindicata">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C4D7FF5AFC7A" box="[122,214,993,1012]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O.vindicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Figure 6E1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C4D7FE02FB81" box="[289,398,993,1039]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; sparse pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C4D7FDA4FB81" box="[443,552,993,1039]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">1:2</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C4D7FD22FB81" box="[578,686,993,1039]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC4D7FCADFB81" box="[734,801,993,1039]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C4D7FC4FFB81" box="[835,963,993,1039]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Shiny</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C4D7FBE4FB81" box="[1010,1128,993,1039]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Yellow with a black ring</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC4D7FABFFB81" box="[1166,1331,993,1039]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">7 warts; no dark spot</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C4D7F98AFB81" box="[1349,1542,993,1039]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; 3–4 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C4D7F94BFB81" box="[1572,1735,993,1039]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Less than 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC4D7F810FB81" box="[1759,1948,993,1039]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex with a dorsal round projection</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C329F810FBC3" box="[122,1948,1055,1101]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C329FF75FBC3" box="[122,249,1055,1101]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C329FF78FBBC" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[122,244,1055,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrima">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C329FF0BFBBC" box="[122,135,1055,1074]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B58F5C329FF78FBBC" box="[167,244,1055,1074]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">nigerrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Figure 6M1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C329FE02FBC3" box="[289,398,1055,1101]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; sparse pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C329FDA4FBC3" box="[443,552,1055,1101]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">1:1.7</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C329FD22FBC3" box="[578,686,1055,1101]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC329FCADFBC3" box="[734,801,1055,1101]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C329FC4FFBC3" box="[835,963,1055,1101]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted dorsally</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C329FBE4FBC3" box="[1010,1128,1055,1101]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC329FABFFBC3" box="[1166,1331,1055,1101]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">10 warts; with a dark spot</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C329F98AFBC3" box="[1349,1542,1055,1101]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Narrow height; 2–3 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C329F94BFBC3" box="[1572,1735,1055,1101]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Circa 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC329F810FBC3" box="[1759,1948,1055,1101]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex with a dorsal round projection</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C368F810FB05" box="[122,1948,1118,1163]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C368FF75FB05" box="[122,249,1118,1163]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C368FF29FBFF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[122,165,1118,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C368FF29FBFF" box="[122,165,1118,1137]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O.frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.1; Figure 6K1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C368FE02FB05" box="[289,398,1118,1163]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; sparse pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C368FDA4FB05" box="[443,552,1118,1163]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">1:1.6</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C368FD22FB05" box="[578,686,1118,1163]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC368FCADFB05" box="[734,801,1118,1163]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C368FC4FFB05" box="[835,963,1118,1163]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted dorsally</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C368FBE4FB05" box="[1010,1128,1118,1163]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black with tips yellow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC368FABFFB05" box="[1166,1331,1118,1163]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">6 warts; no dark spot</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C368F98AFB05" box="[1349,1542,1118,1163]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; 2–3 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C368F94BFB05" box="[1572,1735,1118,1163]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Circa 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC368F810FB05" box="[1759,1948,1118,1163]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex bent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C3AAF810FB47" box="[122,1948,1180,1225]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C3AAFF75FB47" box="[122,249,1180,1225]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C3AAFF29FB21" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[122,165,1180,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C3AAFF29FB21" box="[122,165,1180,1199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O.frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.2; Figure 6J1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C3AAFE02FB47" box="[289,398,1180,1225]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; sparse pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C3AAFDA4FB47" box="[443,552,1180,1225]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">1:2.5</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C3AAFD22FB47" box="[578,686,1180,1225]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular/large</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC3AAFCADFB47" box="[734,801,1180,1225]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C3AAFC4FFB47" box="[835,963,1180,1225]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted dorsally</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C3AAFBE4FB47" box="[1010,1128,1180,1225]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black with tips yellow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC3AAFABFFB47" box="[1166,1331,1180,1225]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">6 warts; no dark spot</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C3AAF98AFB47" box="[1349,1542,1180,1225]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; 2–3 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C3AAF94BFB47" box="[1572,1735,1180,1225]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Less than 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC3AAF810FB47" box="[1759,1948,1180,1225]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex slightly enlarged</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C3ECF810FAAC" box="[122,1948,1242,1314]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C3ECFF75FAAC" box="[122,249,1242,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C3ECFF29FB63" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[122,165,1242,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C3ECFF29FB63" box="[122,165,1242,1261]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O.frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.3; Figure 6I1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C3ECFE02FAAC" box="[289,398,1242,1314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; sparse pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C3ECFDA4FAAC" box="[443,552,1242,1314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">1:1.8</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C3ECFD22FAAC" box="[578,686,1242,1314]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Narrow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC3ECFCADFAAC" box="[734,801,1242,1314]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C3ECFC4FFAAC" box="[835,963,1242,1314]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted dorsally</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C3ECFBE4FAAC" box="[1010,1128,1242,1314]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black with tips dark yellow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC3ECFABFFAAC" box="[1166,1331,1242,1314]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">6 warts; no dark spot; proximal wart covered with setulae</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C3ECF98AFAAC" box="[1349,1542,1242,1314]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; 2–3 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C3ECF94BFAAC" box="[1572,1735,1242,1314]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Circa 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC3ECF810FAAC" box="[1759,1948,1242,1314]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex slightly enlarged</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C205F810FAEF" box="[122,1948,1331,1377]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C205FF75FAEF" box="[122,249,1331,1377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C205FF29FAC8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[122,165,1331,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C205FF29FAC8" box="[122,165,1331,1350]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O.frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.4; Figure 6L1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C205FE02FAEF" box="[289,398,1331,1377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; sparse pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C205FDA4FAEF" box="[443,552,1331,1377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">0.9:1.6</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C205FD22FAEF" box="[578,686,1331,1377]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC205FCADFAEF" box="[734,801,1331,1377]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C205FC4FFAEF" box="[835,963,1331,1377]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted dorsally</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C205FBE4FAEF" box="[1010,1128,1331,1377]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black with tips dark yellow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC205FABFFAEF" box="[1166,1331,1331,1377]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">6–7 warts; with a dark spot</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C205F98AFAEF" box="[1349,1542,1331,1377]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Narrow height; 2–3 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C205F94BFAEF" box="[1572,1735,1331,1377]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Circa 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC205F810FAEF" box="[1759,1948,1331,1377]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex not enlarged</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C247F810FA34" box="[122,1948,1393,1466]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C247FF75FA34" box="[122,249,1393,1466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C247FF29FA0A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[122,165,1393,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C247FF29FA0A" box="[122,165,1393,1412]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O.frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.5; Figure 6B1–3
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C247FE02FA34" box="[289,398,1393,1466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black; sparse pilosity</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C247FDA4FA34" box="[443,552,1393,1466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">1:1.3</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C247FD22FA34" box="[578,686,1393,1466]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">R</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC247FCADFA34" box="[734,801,1393,1466]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C247FC4FFA34" box="[835,963,1393,1466]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Dusted dorsally</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C247FBE4FA34" box="[1010,1128,1393,1466]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black with tips dark yellow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC247FABFFA34" box="[1166,1331,1393,1466]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">5 warts; surface covered with spinelike setulae</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C247F98AFA34" box="[1349,1542,1393,1466]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; 2–3 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C247F94BFA34" box="[1572,1735,1393,1466]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Circa 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC247F810FA34" box="[1759,1948,1393,1466]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex with a dorsal round projection</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF820F8F5828C2FCF810F99C" box="[122,1948,1482,1554]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<th id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5828C2FCFF75F99C" box="[122,249,1482,1554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF82F07B5828C2FCFF29FA53" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[122,165,1482,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF82F07B5828C2FCFF29FA53" box="[122,165,1482,1501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">O.frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.6; Figure 6H1–2
</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5973C2FCFE02F99C" box="[289,398,1482,1554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Arista broken</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F59E9C2FCFDA4F99C" box="[443,552,1482,1554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Arista broken</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A10C2FCFD22F99C" box="[578,686,1482,1554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5A8CC2FCFCADF99C" box="[734,801,1482,1554]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Busted</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5B11C2FCFC4FF99C" box="[835,963,1482,1554]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Busted dorsally</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5BA0C2FCFBE4F99C" box="[1010,1128,1482,1554]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Black with tips yellow</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5CDCC2FCFABFF99C" box="[1166,1331,1482,1554]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">5 warts; surface covered with spinelike setulae</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5D17C2FCF98AF99C" box="[1349,1542,1482,1554]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Regular height; 2–3 long setae in the base</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E76C2FCF94BF99C" box="[1572,1735,1482,1554]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Circa 2× longer than high</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF820F8F5E8DC2FCF810F99C" box="[1759,1948,1482,1554]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="625">Basal apex with a dorsal round projection</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="D88A654CFF85F07C5828C7BFFA2FFDE6" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" type="description">
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5828C7BFFE13FF28" blockId="12.[122,415,133,171]" box="[122,415,133,171]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5828C7BFFE13FF28" bold="true" box="[122,415,133,171]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
4.3 |
<heading id="CB6781ABFF85F07C58B7C7BFFE13FF28" bold="true" box="[229,415,137,166]" fontSize="12" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" reason="0">Distribution</heading>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5828C7F9FDA4FF62" blockId="12.[122,552,202,240]" box="[122,552,202,240]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
4.3.1 |
<heading id="CB6781ABFF85F07C58A9C7F9FDA4FF62" box="[251,552,207,236]" fontSize="12" level="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" reason="1">Biogeographic regions</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5828C62EFE98FB86" blockId="12.[122,770,280,1275]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="F4014B36FF85F07C594AC62EFD01FEBE" author="Nartshuk and Andersson" box="[280,653,280,304]" firstAuthor="Nartshuk" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref11975" refString="Nartshuk, E. P., &amp; Andersson, H. (2013). The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. In The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark (pp. 1-234). Brill." type="book chapter" year="2013">Nartshuk and Andersson (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, adults of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5828C60CFE8AFEDC" box="[122,262,314,338]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
are mostly found from June to September in Fennoscandia, this influenced the time frame chosen for the data sampling. The sampled localities with highest abundance of chloropids from June to August of 2004 were Tyresta (site 2; 705 specimens; bog), Marma skjutfält (site 6; 545 specimens; dry meadow with birch), Drakamöllan (site 38; 522 specimens; common bent heath), Gamla Skogsby (site 22; 493 specimens; meadow with shrub vegetation), Nötmyran (site 11; 415 specimens; hay meadow), representing grassland ecosystems (Figure 2) across Boreal, Boreonemoral and Nemoral biogeographic regions (Figure 1). Similarly, the localities with the highest number of species verified were: Nötmyran (site 11; 29 species), Marma skjutfält (site 6; 21 species), Gamla Skogsby (site 22; 21 species), Tyresta (site 2; 18 species) and Drakamöllan (site 38; 18 species). These results agree with
<bibRefCitation id="F4014B36FF85F07C58E9C453FDC5FCF3" author="Nartshuk and Andersson's" box="[187,585,869,893]" firstAuthor="Nartshuk" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref11975" refString="Nartshuk, E. P., &amp; Andersson, H. (2013). The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. In The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark (pp. 1-234). Brill." type="book chapter" year="2013">Nartshuk and Andersson's (2013)</bibRefCitation>
statement that meadows abundant in grasses, sedges and reeds, which serve as the primary host plants for the majority of species, appear to have the greatest abundance and diversity of chloropids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C58CEC324FD76FB74" blockId="12.[122,770,280,1275]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">With a large gap in abundance, the 10 remaining localities accounted for less than 100 specimens each (Figure 2) with only the locality Kronmyran (site 53; 45 specimens; bog) representing a grassland environment in the northeast Boreal region. Therefore, our data suggest that the higher abundance of chloropids seems to be related to Swedish grassland ecosystems located across biogeographic regions.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5828C271FF35FAEA" blockId="12.[122,185,1351,1380]" box="[122,185,1351,1380]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">4.3.2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5884C274FF53FAE6" box="[214,223,1346,1384]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">|</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C58A9C271FE67FAED" blockId="12.[251,491,1351,1380]" box="[251,491,1351,1380]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
<heading id="CB6781ABFF85F07C58A9C271FE67FAED" box="[251,491,1351,1380]" fontSize="12" level="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" reason="1">Geographic range</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5828C2A6FE79F88C" blockId="12.[122,770,1424,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
The distribution of the verified clusters revealed that 29 species (almost half of the species diversity) were reported from just a single locality each. Conversely,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5A77C2E3FD43FA63" box="[549,719,1493,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5A77C2E3FD43FA63" box="[549,719,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Tricimba cincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to be the most widespread species, recorded in 13 of the sampled localities. Following closely were
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5A2AC12CFC8DF9BC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[632,769,1562,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5A2AC12CFC8DF9BC" box="[632,769,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Oscinella frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 4 in eight localities,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5928C10BFD8CF9DB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[378,512,1597,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5928C10BFD8CF9DB" box="[378,512,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Oscinella frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 5 in seven localities and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C58FAC156FE11F9F6" box="[168,413,1632,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Hapleginella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevifrons">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C58FAC156FE11F9F6" box="[168,413,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Hapleginella laevifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in six localities. Although our results on the abundance and species diversity of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5A2BC1B4FC8DF914" box="[633,769,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
improve the distribution of this lineage in Sweden, our findings should be interpreted with caution due to temporal and spatial limitations of our sampling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C58CEC03BFA2FFDE6" blockId="12.[122,770,1424,1968]" lastBlockId="12.[818,1466,141,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
Previous identifications of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5997C03BFDDDF8AB" box="[453,593,1805,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
collected by the SMTP project available from the GBIF database include a total of 231 occurrences of 53 described species and 25 genera (Karlsson, Ronquist, &amp; Holston, 2020; https://doi. org/10.15468/dl.ucns52). Similar to our results,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5ACEC0AEFCF8FF2B" box="[668,884,142,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5ACEC0AEFCF8FF2B" box="[668,884,142,1968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Tricimba cincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the most widespread species, recorded in 25 localities, followed by
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C63C786FB4CFF46" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1073,1216,176,200]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C63C786FB4CFF46" box="[1073,1216,176,200]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Oscinella frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded in 18 localities throughout Sweden. Although
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5CEEC7E4FA36FF64" box="[1212,1466,210,234]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Hapleginella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevifrons">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5CEEC7E4FA36FF64" box="[1212,1466,210,234]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Hapleginella laevifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only four occurrences in GBIF, the sites are located in the Boreal, Boreonemoral and Nemoral biogeographic regions. The variation in feeding habits of these widespread
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5B60C66BFC32FEFB" box="[818,958,349,373]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
species, as the exceptionally diverse feeding strategies of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5B96C6B6FBFFFE19" box="[964,1139,384,408]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B96C6B6FBFFFE19" box="[964,1139,384,408]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Tricimba cincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae, ranging from cereals to meat baits, and the extensive host range of over 60 grass species recorded for
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C4CC6F3FB20FE53" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1054,1196,453,477]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frit">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C4CC6F3FB20FE53" box="[1054,1196,453,477]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Oscinella frit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae, may provide an explanation for the results found in our study and the data available in the GBIF database. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5D7FC53CFC11FDCB" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Hapleginella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevifrons">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5D7FC53CFC11FDCB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Hapleginella laevifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae act as secondary invaders in the cones of various coniferous trees (
<bibRefCitation id="F4014B36FF85F07C5C19C566FA1FFDE6" author="Nartshuk &amp; Andersson" box="[1099,1427,592,616]" firstAuthor="Nartshuk" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" pagination="1 - 234" refId="ref11975" refString="Nartshuk, E. P., &amp; Andersson, H. (2013). The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. In The frit flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark (pp. 1-234). Brill." type="book chapter" year="2013">Nartshuk &amp; Andersson, 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D88A654CFF85F07D5B60C582FB2AF9F6" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="627" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" type="description">
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5B60C582FBD1FD5F" blockId="12.[818,1117,688,726]" box="[818,1117,688,726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
4.3.3 |
<heading id="CB6781ABFF85F07C5BE6C583FBD1FD5F" box="[948,1117,692,721]" fontSize="12" level="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" reason="1">New records</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5B60C5CBFC4FFC6B" blockId="12.[818,1466,765,997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
Our findings include two rare species that were not previously documented in the GBIF database, and our records have contributed to a better understanding of their distribution range.
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C5FC450FAA1FCF3" authority="(Loew)" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1037,1325,869,893]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lasiosina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipila">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C5FC450FB58FCF3" box="[1037,1236,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Lasiosina albipila</emphasis>
(Loew)
</taxonomicName>
is newly recorded in the Province of Södermanland, and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5D64C4BEFC66FC4C" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Chlorops" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="finitimus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5D64C4BEFA15FC2E" box="[1334,1433,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Chlorops</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B60C49CFC1AFC4C" box="[818,918,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">finitimus</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
(if conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C9BC49DFAC4FC4C" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" box="[1225,1352,938,962]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Chlorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="finitimus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C9BC49DFAC4FC4C" box="[1225,1352,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">C. finitimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is new to Hälsingland.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5B60C307FBD6FBC0" blockId="12.[818,1114,1069,1107]" box="[818,1114,1069,1107]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B60C307FBD6FBC0" bold="true" box="[818,1114,1069,1107]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
4.4 |
<heading id="CB6781ABFF85F07C5BCFC307FBD6FBC0" bold="true" box="[925,1114,1073,1102]" fontSize="12" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" reason="0">Genetic data</heading>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5B60C34CFC70F9BC" blockId="12.[818,1466,1146,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
Through the precise taxonomic assignment of 1371 specimens, this study revealed for the first time the COI barcodes of 22 described species of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5CDBC3F6FA94FB56" box="[1161,1304,1216,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5D72C3F6FB86FB74" authority="Nartshuk" authorityName="Nartshuk" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Calamoncosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glyceriae">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5D72C3F6FC1EFB74" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Calamoncosis glyceriae</emphasis>
Nartshuk
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C4BC3D5FA3AFB74" authority="Nartshuk &amp; Andersson" authorityName="Nartshuk &amp; Andersson" box="[1049,1462,1250,1274]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Calamoncosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halterata">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C4BC3D5FB17FB74" box="[1049,1179,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">C. halterata</emphasis>
Nartshuk &amp; Andersson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5B60C233FBE9FA93" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[818,1125,1285,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Chlorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceatus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B60C233FB88FA93" box="[818,1028,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Chlorops calceatus</emphasis>
Meigen
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C21C233FAC6FA93" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[1139,1354,1285,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Chlorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planifrons">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C21C233FA8CFA93" box="[1139,1280,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">C.planifrons</emphasis>
Loew
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5D0AC233FC7BFACE" authority="(Zetterstedt)" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Chlorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5D0AC233FCEFFACE" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">C. scutellaris</emphasis>
(Zetterstedt)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C52C21EFAD5FACE" authority="(Fallen)" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1024,1369,1320,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Conioscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontella">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C52C21EFB74FACE" box="[1024,1272,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Conioscinella frontella</emphasis>
(Fállen)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5D31C21EFC3CFAEC" authority="Collin" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1946" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Conioscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimula">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5D31C21EFCDAFAEC" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">C. mimula</emphasis>
Collin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5B97C27DFB62FAEC" authority="(Zetterstedt)" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[965,1262,1354,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Conioscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordidella">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B97C27DFBC2FAEC" box="[965,1102,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">C. sordidella</emphasis>
(Zetterstedt)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5D51C27DFBB1FA0B" authority="Nartshuk &amp; Andersson" authorityName="Nartshuk &amp; Andersson" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Dicraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tjederi">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5D51C27DFA35FAEC" box="[1283,1465,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Dicraeus tjederi</emphasis>
Nartshuk &amp; Andersson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C18C25BFA39FA0B" authority="(Corti)" baseAuthorityName="Corti" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1098,1461,1389,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculifera">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C18C25BFAD3FA0B" box="[1098,1375,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Elachiptera tuberculifera</emphasis>
(Corti)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5B60C2A6FB9CFA26" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[818,1040,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpis">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B60C2A6FB9CFA26" box="[818,1040,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Incertella albipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C4CC2A6FA8BFA26" authority="(Collin)" baseAuthorityName="Collin" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1054,1287,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennata">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C4CC2A6FB28FA29" box="[1054,1188,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">I.antennata</emphasis>
(Collin)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5D46C2A6FAF5FA26" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1300,1401,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerteszi">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5D46C2A6FAF5FA26" box="[1300,1401,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">I. kerteszi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5DDAC2A6FC0BFA44" baseAuthorityName="Duda" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5DDAC2A6FC0BFA44" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">I. nigrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5BCAC284FB4EFA44" authority="Collin" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1946" box="[920,1218,1458,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angularis">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5BCAC284FBFCFA44" box="[920,1136,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Oscinella angularis</emphasis>
Collin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C82C285FA3AFA44" authority="Collin" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1946" box="[1232,1462,1458,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariciphila">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C82C285FAE8FA44" box="[1232,1380,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">O. cariciphila</emphasis>
Collin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5B60C2E3FC3AFA63" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[818,950,1493,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vindicata">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B60C2E3FC3AFA63" box="[818,950,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">O. vindicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5B95C2E3FBAAFA63" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[967,1062,1493,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusila">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B95C2E3FBAAFA63" box="[967,1062,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">O. pusila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C6AC2E3FA3AFA63" authority="(Meigen)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1080,1462,1493,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Rhopalopterum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciola">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C6AC2E3FACFFA63" box="[1080,1347,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Rhopalopterum fasciola</emphasis>
(Meigen)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5B60C2CEFB45F99E" authority="(Roser)" baseAuthorityName="Roser" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[818,1225,1528,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Trachysiphonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellata">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B60C2CEFBEBF99E" box="[818,1127,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Trachysiphonella scutellata</emphasis>
(Roser)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C8BC2CEFA0FF981" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1241,1411,1528,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinta">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C8BC2CEFA0FF981" box="[1241,1411,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Tricimba cinta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5B60C12DFC74F9BC" authority="(Fallen)" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" box="[818,1016,1562,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineela">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B60C12DFC19F9BC" box="[818,917,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">T. lineela</emphasis>
(Fállen)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5B07C10BFC39F8AB" blockId="12.[818,1466,1146,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">
The identity of the clusters was compared using BLAST against the NCBI-nt database. Sequences for
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5B60C1B5FB04F914" authority="(Meigen)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[818,1160,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cetema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatum">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5B60C1B5FB81F914" box="[818,1037,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Cetema elongatum</emphasis>
(Meigen)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5CC8C1B4FB8CF933" authority="(Zetterstedt)" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pseudopachychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5CC8C1B4FCEDF933" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Pseudopachychaeta ruficeps</emphasis>
(Zetterstedt)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5C42C193FB7AF933" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1040,1270,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Siphonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oscinina">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5C42C193FB7AF933" box="[1040,1270,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Siphonella oscinina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5D5BC193FCF0F951" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Thaumatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notata">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5D5BC193FCF0F951" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Thaumatomyia notata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF85F07C5BE8C1FEFAF5F96E" authority="(Zetterstedt)" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[954,1401,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Aphanotrigonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="626" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF85F07C5BE8C1FEFB6DF951" box="[954,1249,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Aphanotrigonum nigripes</emphasis>
(Zetterstedt)
</taxonomicName>
were already available in public databases and confirmed by our results.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF85F07C5B07C006FAFFF83E" blockId="12.[818,1466,1146,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="626">Several potential complications were revealed by the blast results. Eight species had&gt;97% match with Nearctic species of grass flies and two species exhibited&gt;95% match with Nearctic and Oriental species (Table 4).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF84F07D597BC7A7FDE6F8AE" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<table id="E290C467FF840F8F5958C7A7FD05F813" box="[266,649,145,1949]" gridcols="3" gridrows="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<tr id="2EA03485FF840F8F5958C7A7FD05FE9B" box="[266,649,145,277]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<th id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5958C7A7FE35FE9B" box="[266,441,145,277]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Distribution Nearctic Nearctic Nearctic</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF840F8F59B5C7A7FDA9FE9B" box="[487,549,145,277]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Nearctic Oriental</th>
<th id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5A01C7A7FD05FE9B" box="[595,649,145,277]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Nearctic</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF840F8F5958C679FD05FE7E" box="[266,649,335,496]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<th id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5958C679FE35FE7E" box="[266,441,335,496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">BIN BOLD: AAP 3664 BOLD: AAG 1518 BOLD: AAH 4164</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF840F8F59B5C679FDA9FE7E" box="[487,549,335,496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">BOLD: AAG 1523 —</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5A01C679FD05FE7E" box="[595,649,335,496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">BOLD: ABA 7838</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF840F8F5958C53DFD05FC37" box="[266,649,523,953]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<th id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5958C53DFD05FC37" box="[266,649,523,953]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
Public database taxon (accession number)
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5907C452FEE0FCEE" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1910" box="[341,364,784,952]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Chlorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subniger">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5907C452FEE0FC36" box="[341,364,868,952]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Chlorops</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5907C426FEE0FCEE" box="[341,364,784,864]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">subniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(JF 873901.1; GenBank)
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5929C451FE35FCC9" box="[379,441,528,953]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5929C451FE1EFCED" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[379,402,760,952]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Dasyopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulata">Dasyopa triangulata</taxonomicName>
(JN 291720.1; GenBank)
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D59F0C47AFE54FC37" authority="(KR 523465.1; GenBank" authorityName="GenBank" baseAuthorityName="KR 5" baseAuthorityYear="2346" box="[418,472,619,953]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decipiens">Elachiptera decipiens (KR 523465.1; GenBank</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D59B5C410FE72FC36" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1929" box="[487,510,806,952]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Rhopalopterum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhopalopterum</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D59B5C5C4FDA9FCA1" box="[487,549,523,952]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
soror (JN 290875.1; GenBank)
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5A5CC402FDA9FCA1" authorityName="Ismay &amp; Ang" authorityYear="2019" box="[526,549,717,952]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pseudogaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexnotatus">Pseudogaurax sexnotatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(MK 541947; GenBank)
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5A01C477FDE6FCB2" baseAuthorityName="Greene" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[595,618,750,953]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Hapleginella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conicola">Hapleginella conicola</taxonomicName>
(CCDB- 21328- F 04; BOLD)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF840F8F5958C4EDFD05FBD2" box="[266,649,987,1116]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<th id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5958C4EDFE35FBD2" box="[266,441,987,1116]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Query cover 100 100 100</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF840F8F59B5C4EDFDA9FBD2" box="[487,549,987,1116]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">100 100</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5A01C4EDFD05FBD2" box="[595,649,987,1116]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">100</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF840F8F5958C396FD05FA95" box="[266,649,1184,1307]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<th id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5958C396FE35FA95" box="[266,441,1184,1307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Percent identity 100 99.68 99.43 – 98.28</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF840F8F59B5C396FDA9FA95" box="[487,549,1184,1307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">97.44– 96.78 95.22</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5A01C396FD05FA95" box="[595,649,1184,1307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">95.21</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF840F8F5958C26FFD05FA53" box="[266,649,1369,1501]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<th id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5958C26FFE35FA53" box="[266,441,1369,1501]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Distribution Palearctic Palearctic Palearctic</th>
<td id="6D715DF9FF840F8F59B5C26FFDA9FA53" box="[487,549,1369,1501]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Palearctic Palearctic</td>
<td id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5A01C26FFD05FA53" box="[595,649,1369,1501]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Palearctic</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EA03485FF840F8F5958C122FD05F813" box="[266,649,1556,1949]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<th id="6D715DF9FF840F8F5958C122FE35F813" box="[266,441,1556,1949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
SMTP taxon
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<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5907C07EFEE0F812" box="[341,364,1864,1948]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Chlorops</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5907C1D3FEE0F8CD" box="[341,364,1765,1859]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">scutellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5929C1CCFE35F8A4" box="[379,441,1691,1949]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5929C1CCFE1EF97B" baseAuthorityName="Roser" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[379,402,1691,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Trachysiphonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellata">
Trachysiphonella
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5929C1ADFE1EF97B" box="[379,402,1691,1781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">scutellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D59F0C006FE35F8A4" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[418,441,1761,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuta">Elachiptera cornuta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
var. 1 – 2 (cluster 149)
</th>
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<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D59B5C072FE72F812" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1980" box="[487,510,1860,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Incertella</taxonomicName>
multispecies (cluster 151)
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5A5CC070FDA9F8CF" authorityName="Riccardi" authorityYear="2024" box="[526,549,1792,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atipica">Tricimba atipica</taxonomicName>
</td>
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<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5A01C013FDE6F8AE" box="[595,618,1733,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Hapleginella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevifrons">Hapleginella laevifrons</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF84F07D5B07C7B8FC17FDE6" blockId="13.[818,1466,141,1656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
For these six cases (Table 4), the examination of the database species images revealed that the Nearctic and Oriental species are not conspecific with the correspondent Swedish taxon. The erroneous matches in the BLAST results for
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<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5BE6C62EFBFFFEBE" box="[948,1139,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Trachysiphonella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5CE6C62EFA90FEBE" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1980" box="[1204,1308,280,304]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5CE6C62EFA90FEBE" box="[1204,1308,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Incertella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reveal issues related to the problematic taxonomy of
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genera.
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5B37C66BFBA8FEFB" box="[869,1060,349,373]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Trachysiphonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5B37C66BFBA8FEFB" box="[869,1060,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Trachysiphonella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks tribal classification, and it is not found in the Nearctic region, while
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5CA9C6B6FAD7FE19" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1918" box="[1275,1371,384,407]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Dasyopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5CA9C6B6FAD7FE19" box="[1275,1371,384,407]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Dasyopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5B2CC694FC69FE34" box="[894,997,418,442]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Liparaini">Liparaini</taxonomicName>
tribe and it is restricted to the Americas (
<bibRefCitation id="F4014B36FF84F07D5B68C6F3FC61FE53" author="Nartshuk" box="[826,1005,453,477]" firstAuthor="Nartshuk" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref11921" refString="Nartshuk, E. P. (2012). A check list of the world genera of the family Chloropidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Muscomorpha). Zootaxa, 3267 (1), 1-43. https://doi.org/10.11646/ZOOTAXA.3267.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Nartshuk, 2012</bibRefCitation>
; Riccardi pers. comm.). Although both genera have yellow pruinose species with wide gena, their suprageneric relationships, as of most
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genera, remain unexplored using explicit phylogenetic methods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF84F07D5B07C544FCFDFB86" blockId="13.[818,1466,141,1656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5B8BC544FBCDFD04" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1980" box="[985,1089,626,650]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5B8BC544FBCDFD04" box="[985,1089,626,650]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Incertella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the tribe
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5D6EC544FA36FD04" box="[1340,1466,626,650]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Incertellini">Incertellini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5B31C5A3FB83FD23" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1929" box="[867,1039,661,685]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Rhopalopterum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5B31C5A3FB83FD23" box="[867,1039,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Rhopalopterum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the tribe
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5CC7C5A3FACFFD23" box="[1173,1347,661,685]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Oscinisomatini">Oscinisomatini</taxonomicName>
, with both genera occurring in the Nearctic and Palearctic regions (
<bibRefCitation id="F4014B36FF84F07D5B68C5ECFC65FD7C" author="Nartshuk" box="[826,1001,730,754]" firstAuthor="Nartshuk" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref11921" refString="Nartshuk, E. P. (2012). A check list of the world genera of the family Chloropidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Muscomorpha). Zootaxa, 3267 (1), 1-43. https://doi.org/10.11646/ZOOTAXA.3267.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Nartshuk, 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Of the five
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5CD3C5ECFACCFD7C" box="[1153,1344,730,754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5CD3C5ECFB65FD7C" box="[1153,1257,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Incertella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
identified, three displayed extremely low interspecific genetic distance (0.32% threshold). Such closely related species of
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5B60C474FC16FCD4" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1980" box="[818,922,834,858]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Incertella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5B60C474FC16FCD4" box="[818,922,834,858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Incertella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could also account for the incorrect match with
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5B60C453FC52FCF3" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1929" box="[818,990,869,893]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Rhopalopterum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5B60C453FC52FCF3" box="[818,990,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Rhopalopterum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as there are longstanding problems with the generic delimitation and species composition of these two genera. Moreover, the taxonomy of both
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5D7FC49CFA36FC4C" box="[1325,1466,938,962]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oscinellinae">Oscinellinae</taxonomicName>
genera has not been thoroughly addressed on a global scale.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4EF664FFF84F07D5885C4C4FF7CF827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15089762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15089762" box="[215,241,1010,1961]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15089762/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" startId="13.[215,238,1010,1013]" targetBox="[248,328,125,1962]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF84F07D5885C4C4FF7CF827" blockId="13.[215,241,1010,1961]" box="[215,241,1010,1961]" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">. database NCBI-nt the against taxa SMTP of) match % 95&gt; (results BLAST Conflicting 4 E L B A T</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF84F07D5B07C325FAEEFB74" blockId="13.[818,1466,141,1656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
Most of the species in our dataset were best recovered at a 3% clustering threshold. Nevertheless, the intraspecific genetic diversity ranged from 5% (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5D16C36EFC03FB1C" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Siphonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oscinina">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5D16C36EFC03FB1C" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Siphonella oscinina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5B98C34CFB76FB1C" baseAuthorityName="Roser" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[970,1274,1146,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Trachysiphonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellata">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5B98C34CFB76FB1C" box="[970,1274,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Trachysiphonella scutellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to 0% (between
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5B60C3ABFB85FB3B" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1946" box="[818,1033,1181,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angularis">
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5B60C3ABFB85FB3B" box="[818,1033,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Oscinella angularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="A2E4EAD5FF84F07D5C14C3ABFB69FB3B" box="[1094,1253,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">
<taxonomicName id="57904D44FF84F07D5C14C3ABFB51FB3B" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1094,1245,1181,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="627" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidissima">O. nitidissima</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
revealing the limitations of COI minibarcodes to correctly assign species and confirming integrative taxonomy as essential.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="902F36C7FF84F07D5B07C233FB2AF9F6" blockId="13.[818,1466,141,1656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="627">Additionally, we compared our DNA barcode sequences to the 1955 chloropid barcodes from 15 European countries that were found in the BOLD Systems public database that had at least a 300 bp overlap with our minibarcodes (Supplementary material S4). The BOLD sequences were aligned and BLAST searches were conducted using our SMTP database as a query and&gt;96% similarity as our threshold. Only eight of the SMTP species had matching sequences in BOLD from three countries (Table 5), with the striking majority of sequences being from Germany.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="608143AD5DF986783204D06A9A8A4299">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5D428F9A1D4ADCE7E30F1629C759F6D7">
<mods:date id="372EFEDE9D76603AC8C9BA3746753EAE">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="82D7F71F4EE121AEA0A0B323355D2786" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A39D0E9FEAF75B6BFFFE1D1DCBC3AA20">2025-03-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F169C92A05D577680985BD52276F395D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A5404856D16FA4135F0D3B968AFE7387">101</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="881C9102D84D8E8EF8D862CCCEC43338" type="issue">
<mods:number id="192B30F856DCEC9806A281D25BD1CEEB">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="7F6F6E0105D33ADE13D9083DC12A8C63">681</mods:start>
<mods:end id="AC1F04E88B3027357A20BB7322F13CAD">695</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="05AFBEF70A843E08D603A76463BDE30A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8E963045E59394DE200709E7EBBD68A1" type="CLB-Dataset">308814</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F7777256FEEFB85B97A4F888D723190B" type="DOI">10.3897/zse.101.146469</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2AAC3BA495A64F7EFF9FBCCE1F3FE7ED" type="GBIF-Dataset">65e4ff6c-a4c0-41b2-9210-df30395522a6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7D40D67DE91B3E079E92781C04536F3D" type="ZooBank">DA08B820-ACC8-4F3D-B098-E446674360C4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DD63F2B696CD5C12BA1455760FACDCB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15089900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15089900" ID-arpha="DD63F2B6-96CD-5C12-BA14-55760FACDCB5" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/AADDEC5A-A9BC-4F7D-976F-4FE0CDD79299" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD63F2B696CD5C12BA1455760FACDCB5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AADDEC5A-A9BC-4F7D-976F-4FE0CDD79299" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD63F2B696CD5C12BA1455760FACDCB5" scope_family="Nemacheilidae" scope_order="Cypriniformes">
<subSubSection id="1DEBEE600FF2A61C53465213754DFA9C" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4D2E2567E3B8E478A82E1B1FDD903E4A">
<taxonomicName id="E58005ED7E652DBB831F86F94534528C" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="07A2C3AA778D2B89E4E0E8BFF49BEA2C" italics="true">Claea scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7E346E49A41EAF473CD37716724584E3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMXBK" type="Holotype">
<paragraph id="193E58770B67796E3762A51EEDD1F995">
<heading id="DCFC9AE135DEDC013EC068C5E8DB13CE" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="8300E9FF7C02828166CFF21FC1013DC9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C11C8257E856C22E058E2D3F37FEF95F">
<materialsCitation id="609EE754642B2A4FDC3C764C1910DC87" collectingDate="2023-05-28" collectionCode="IHB" collectorName="Li He &amp; Ze-Yu Li" country="China" county="Shawan District" elevation="570" latitude="29.500555" location="a subterranean tributary of the Dadu River in the Yangtze River drainage in Taojin Cave" municipality="Shiqianggou" specimenCode="IHB 202305300005" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
•
<specimenCode id="DAC8DB13A30BFA07259E42D4AA70A5FB" collectionCode="IHB" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35160" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35160" name="Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESXBK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
202305300005
</specimenCode>
,
<quantity id="6BA8DD5CBAB1760868A588CF42BAA92E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.13" unit="mm" value="51.3">51.3 mm</quantity>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWXBK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
;
<location id="90E7B3A3136EE43BE97C6FBCEBCE7161" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD63F2B696CD5C12BA1455760FACDCB5:90E7B3A3136EE43BE97C6FBCEBCE7161" country="China" county="Shawan District" latitude="29.500555" municipality="Shiqianggou" name="a subterranean tributary of the Dadu River in the Yangtze River drainage in Taojin Cave" stateProvince="Sichuan Province">a subterranean tributary of the Dadu River in the Yangtze River drainage in Taojin Cave</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="43C38961B538F67D1FDC8381C116948B">Shiqianggou</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="744695C989634FF8741B80EE95B0085E">Hulu Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="27BE80B3227EC173F3C694C834F30718">Shawan District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCounty id="27F72D3D4F9B72D7E2EE50A88E7BFC71">Leshan City</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="E40F4092B0DCAF17B001994E7D1D48AF" country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B1C9101CFBAC43769B0947DCFC828484" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E4XBK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[104.051667,29.500556]}">
<geoCoordinate id="B6A2A3FDC5EBB4EB8CB6524791293CFE" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="2" value="29.500555">29°30'2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 103°63'6&quot;E
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="3A0EACD4B15B052E2ADCD2C4BA5FE85B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" unit="m" value="570.0">
<elevation id="ACD8EAB9A04629EB850C850A2FFCC42F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" unit="m" value="570.0">570 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation); collected by
<collectorName id="6ACD5F7876E1E279FC897F9AA66B5B75">Li He</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="4FD5F17F93ACC70B7FFA2DCED6497715">Ze-Yu Li</collectorName>
,
<date id="43803E20F7D19E4BB021ED6725886227" value="2023-05-28">
<collectingDate id="B7B6BAC9F567847853D60047B4CA2B4D" value="2023-05-28">28. V. 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E61BB908205F423FF6C7FB42D4898BB">
<heading id="23C6FC452ABFE13770AA58BF10F60E75" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="AFD330EEFB29E382022B04C009128A3C" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE5B9083FFA01FE2214C7FC37B1C41A0">
•
<materialsCitation id="DA46F875A4AD9762683EFD8C983B665E" collectingDate="2023-05-28" collectionCode="IHB" collectorName="Li He &amp; Li" country="China" county="Shawan District" elevation="570" latitude="29.500555" location="a subterranean tributary of the Dadu River in the Yangtze River drainage in Taojin Cave" municipality="Shiqianggou" specimenCode="IHB 202305300001, IHB 202305300006" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="AE8F3BCAD8E4B19DA935A3FC56128D23">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIYBK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
202305300001
</specimenCode>
–202305300004,
<specimenCode id="2819F4B5A11193F525C429DDD40F40D8">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMYBK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
202305300006
</specimenCode>
–202305300009, 8,
<quantity id="47FF95D0A3B553596893AE7686D0EDDC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.975" metricValueMax="5.64" metricValueMin="4.31" unit="mm" value="49.75" valueMax="56.4" valueMin="43.1">43.1–56.4 mm</quantity>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQYBK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
; other data same as holotype
</materialsCitation>
; •
<materialsCitation id="26709510461E31F5583E1C447659F8BF" collectingDate="2024-06-16" collectionCode="IHB" collectorName="Yuan Li &amp; Ze-Yu Li" country="China" county="Shawan District" elevation="570" latitude="29.500555" location="a subterranean tributary of the Dadu River in the Yangtze River drainage in Taojin Cave" municipality="Shiqianggou" specimenCode="IHB 202305300010" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBA45431AE4C980F07BE0F1C328BDBB">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUYBK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
202305300010
</specimenCode>
–202305300016, 7,
<quantity id="658ED84FD2EDCF1F07DBAB2686EB6AEB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.654999999999999" metricValueMax="5.89" metricValueMin="3.42" unit="mm" value="46.55" valueMax="58.9" valueMin="34.2">34.2–58.9 mm</quantity>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYYBK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
; same locality as holotype, collected by
<collectorName id="8C8CDFE08ACC5500848C6DE6EBB1E8B4">Yuan Li</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="F47813FAA28E19A7E92CB7F3448BCDDA">Ze-Yu Li</collectorName>
,
<date id="7B8D0B22B80E6E2EDA3533B95EA2C406" value="2024-06-16">
<collectingDate id="56F7ABBE53E3691991D571706EB8DF1E" value="2024-06-16">VI- 16-2024</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3YBK" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D06A87F006257B2313B0D7EC88902246">
<heading id="AB8B81B067EAA02C2027BFF155C1B658" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FEE1EE3B5BAEE4934799AF4350F69F27">
<taxonomicName id="F8E282301ED4E9002831B561108AC4F1" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet">
<emphasis id="04B4E14436C918C5FA5F8B7F4FA43FEF" italics="true">C. scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles all known species of
<taxonomicName id="28D974318F4FF68BD6749B57CD62ABBA" authorityName="Sauvage" authorityYear="1874" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EA5898F89F638B8D6A99BC2DB016B924" italics="true">Claea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing a processus dentiformis at the medium of the upper jaw, absence of tubercle-bearing, elevated skin on the sides of the head and a thickened tuberculated pad on the dorsal surface of the thickened and widened rays of the pectoral fin in males, absence of adipose crest between dorsal fin and caudal fin base, body scaleless, and absence of supra-pelvic flap, all of which are diagnostic features of
<taxonomicName id="EA7B6714F1FB63BC2774F86602564A57" authorityName="Sauvage" authorityYear="1874" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AB4F6299AFDA5A17DAD8A943A779BBA8" italics="true">Claea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="194C0944D08F2BC7F404A81C56CD8BCA" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet">
<emphasis id="CA22663D7B6697DC495094BA5616BC7A" italics="true">C. scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="3F07EBFE3CE950E4538EA96209C50511" baseAuthorityName="Sauvage" baseAuthorityYear="1874" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dabryi">
<emphasis id="BE26A9169019B3983C8DD20E33785E50" italics="true">C. dabryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="390DA5F6280E2ED65F9B4E040E20BE9C" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minibarba">
<emphasis id="B7383BDF6720BFE53D13828C0715494E" italics="true">C. minibarba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="86CD4BD70CC5EE575893EF68A83F2FB9" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wulongensis">
<emphasis id="B3F6BE804A8755776A3E9C43145E555D" italics="true">C. wulongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of the following characters (see Table
<tableCitation id="A4CEF13B28373E9C3DD1D1EF58D1B043" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements for Claea scet, sp. nov, C. dabryi, C. minibarba and C. wulongensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3188422CC49DC4DA0A3106E3BAD07A08" tableUuid="3188422CC49DC4DA0A3106E3BAD07A08">2</tableCitation>
): Processus dentiformis reduced, not covering lower jaw when mouth shut; eye vestigial, diameter of eye 3.8–5.9 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EL2BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
; short anal fin, anal fin height 7.0–8.4 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EP2BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
.
<taxonomicName id="1C253891DB2DD10700BEB03091B90EF7" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet">
<emphasis id="0442B0BFADB1D4C114FA8DBBAE2D5C42" italics="true">C. scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="E3FEF41756523D60BF4D80728611A2BA" baseAuthorityName="Sauvage" baseAuthorityYear="1874" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dabryi">
<emphasis id="756179C4CE98CC01EA2BEAFCF2B8C922" italics="true">C. dabryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by shorter maxillary barbels (22.4–27.5 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJ3BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="C9DA777ADDB4AB102951E7AF845EA708" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
29.8–47.4 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EP3BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
) and shorter outer rostral barbels (23.0–29.8 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ET3BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="DC3B749FC11B527D45D8BD770BE96DA7" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
30.2–47.5 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZ3BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
).
<taxonomicName id="A78A75F7CF42571BC045C1466998FFC0" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet">
<emphasis id="5D6CCA058167BFE2A390E116BC3798BF" italics="true">C. scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="016D9C41AB7F9A856D7431485702EE61" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minibarba">
<emphasis id="F252A76374E0A5BF91B34B1D7EE28BC5" italics="true">C. minibarba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a more depressed body (body depth 10.1–13.5 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ET4BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="FC3E800A0ACA8462279BAF85E2A5A2CD" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
14.7–17.6 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZ4BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
), a more posteriorly situated pelvic fin (prepelvic length 51.7–56.0 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E44BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="D954C36A69C5C21A35F3A6B5554571EC" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
47.7–50.6 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ED5BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
), a longer pectoral fin (17.6–20.2 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EH5BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="E7FBF5DB31796FD8921A4798B0A1366A" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
15.0–17.6 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EN5BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
), a shallower caudal peduncle (5.5–8.5 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ER5BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="64AB15D548393110068D8863D62D4AED" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
9.5–11.7 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EX5BK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
) and a more elongated head (head depth 41.4–46.5 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E25BK" xlink_title="head length">HL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="C09AD4B515A1384A56CA0DC0888ED9E3" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
55.5–59.4 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EB6BK" xlink_title="head length">HL</abbrev>
and head width 52.3–60.3 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EF6BK" xlink_title="head length">HL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="B9996252AA47810402B887325A716A39" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
61.5–68.0 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EL6BK" xlink_title="head length">HL</abbrev>
).
<taxonomicName id="8CCC3D67A9E0FB5037448BA8C3B5FC1D" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet">
<emphasis id="906367B0301E9EDA896EB1ADFD609B57" italics="true">C. scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="8438AC476A9F58E3A0D0E1B3CFF9C83E" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wulongensis">
<emphasis id="16D705FC0C75D2DD4C35C50EE6AD17C4" italics="true">C. wulongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a more posteriorly situated pelvic fin (prepelvic length 51.7–56.0 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFACK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="982482FE316B5B403A499344FCE6EF24" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
48.3–50.9 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELACK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
), a longer anal fin base (8.4–9.6 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPACK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="B69E1AB65D1AD0C938E3214CCD072BCB" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
6.6–8.2 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVACK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
), more closely situated eyes (interorbital length 23.5–31.9 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZACK" xlink_title="head length">HL</abbrev>
<emphasis id="D942E58D88EE6E7E0F7CD19597719C34" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
38.5–43.1 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6ACK" xlink_title="head length">HL</abbrev>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDBCK" type="description">
<paragraph id="C53D1A3ABACA41E062A42E5C35988D02">
<heading id="B2E2C93808CE347C09F81BF64394D730" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D799DE68822A3B9F7274B850B6CDFF2">
Morphometric data for
<specimenCount id="A72105C267B27D38D7859AAEA93ACEB4" count="16" type="generic" typeStatus="type">16 type</specimenCount>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4FAAC2D73B683A4A3EB6592A989D0DF9" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet">
<emphasis id="68D9FCCAA538CB18821BBAFC3C79A395" italics="true">C. scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are provided in Suppl. material
<xref id="0E0E8BB932BDFBD7DCA83718E6F4AAD2" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">1</xref>
. Juvenile individuals with a standard length (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYBCK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
) of less than
<quantity id="AEF954209BF92A3FA1CEA4D4114C2A66" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
were excluded from morphological comparisons with congeners (Table
<tableCitation id="DA75CA6C8105CBA5E75BB9A237B96EE8" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements for Claea scet, sp. nov, C. dabryi, C. minibarba and C. wulongensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3188422CC49DC4DA0A3106E3BAD07A08" tableUuid="3188422CC49DC4DA0A3106E3BAD07A08">2</tableCitation>
). The general body profile is illustrated in Fig.
<figureCitation id="9DA103A16E2812F49BAFB25DCE39B5F5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Morphological characters of holotype, IHB 202305300005 of Claea scet sp. nov. in preservative (10 % formalin). A. Lateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view" figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291057">1</figureCitation>
. The body is elongated, subcylindrical anteriorly, and laterally compressed posteriorly. The dorsal profile of the head is nearly straight, while the dorsal profile of the body is convex. The ventral profile is almost straight from the snout tip to the anal fin origin, with a slight concavity posterior to the anal fin origin. The greatest body depth occurs anterior to the dorsal fin origin, gradually decreasing toward the caudal fin base. The body is entirely scaleless and smooth, with a complete and straight lateral line. The cephalic lateral line system comprises 3 + 8 infraorbital, 6 supraorbital, 3 supratemporal, and 10 preopercular-mandibular pores (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CB666AC173B84AFDE43989D9DB6BB185" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Detailed cephalic morphology of holotype, IHB 202305300005 of Claea scet sp. nov. A. Dorsal side view of head; B. Frontal view of head, processus dentiformis shown by a red arrow; C. Lateral sideview of head, and D. Ventral side view of head (Cephalic lateral line system highlighted as green dots)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291058">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3C8F7A50E33F571A05056520C766A658" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure1" ID-arpha="F8300E59-E066-5AD9-97F9-EE4DA1F5A5D4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291057" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="673AB77741187D59A822C076F8ED78F6">
<label id="CD1794615548BF31E5195D8E2887C423">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E08A57B63A8423D0405DD72963B0099">
Morphological characters of holotype,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQCCK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
202305300005 of
<taxonomicName id="CB441AE4048C9D10F9B1FE57D3F4309C" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8D8B9B86DCD894A78E51D1E36FAE39B5" italics="true">Claea scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5AEC064438BE583E55653F87F6AF7E5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in preservative (10 % formalin).
<emphasis id="878671B3C116A5F6C5D50F323EADEDF8" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
Lateral view;
<emphasis id="BD686C519A18CBDECCE4EB185AD027B0" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
Dorsal view;
<emphasis id="1A182B76EA8177D80E5E764EC56FCA53" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
Ventral view
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F6510F182FAD84DEB2715CDFBADE4AE5" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure2" ID-arpha="D00F70D2-0841-521D-BFBD-8C6067394C21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291058" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="0FC9C77613E22DD73608E9B29C960BFC">
<label id="F8EB6A1A33B739665C7D430930CAB5EC">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB5FDDA57590A9D66E0ADDFAF9067168">
Detailed cephalic morphology of holotype,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESDCK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
202305300005 of
<taxonomicName id="8F1D3F24A48F52C820A1F296D88C65DE" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8962EE7FA24E7178A4DF4A986463A5FC" italics="true">Claea scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0898947C6DDAD9DFDE7EF678D72EF64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="9FA8C67F83E22C14D72A43710AFD44E1" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
Dorsal side view of head;
<emphasis id="1846094A1206AF48BCD26BA54AA8643B" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
Frontal view of head, processus dentiformis shown by a red arrow;
<emphasis id="1967B50CB0C6314176B3CAD3C3150E73" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
Lateral sideview of head, and
<emphasis id="5DD6B24C7772106EA4588C82CF007748" bold="true">D.</emphasis>
Ventral side view of head (Cephalic lateral line system highlighted as green dots).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8857294C681DE5F74ADE40D38D9380A7">
The head is moderately depressed, longer than wide, and wider than deep. The snout is pointed, with a snout length measuring 38.1–44.7 % of the head length (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQECK" xlink_title="head length">HL</abbrev>
). The eyes are reduced, with a diameter of 3.8–5.9 %
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUECK" xlink_title="head length">HL</abbrev>
, and are positioned dorsolaterally on the head. Both anterior and posterior nostrils are closely situated; the anterior nostril is housed in a short tube with an elongated, tube-like tip that does not reach the anterior margin of the eye. The mouth is inferior and curved, with thin lips exhibiting shallow surface furrows. The upper lip is complete and connected to the lower lip at the corners of the mouth. The lower lip features a distinct V-shaped median incision. The upper and lower jaws are arched, with a weakly developed processus dentiformis on the upper jaw compared to congeners (Figs
<figureCitation id="E3E0C30679D0382B85653B0A458E2913" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Detailed cephalic morphology of holotype, IHB 202305300005 of Claea scet sp. nov. A. Dorsal side view of head; B. Frontal view of head, processus dentiformis shown by a red arrow; C. Lateral sideview of head, and D. Ventral side view of head (Cephalic lateral line system highlighted as green dots)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291058">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B42AA4D786B36804852DB895AF43D2BF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Comparison of processus dentiformis of different Claea. spp. A. C. scet, 51.28 mm SL, IHB 202305300005; B. C. dabryi 98.35 mm SL, IHB 81 VII 2537; C. C. minibarba, 62.31 mm SL, IHB 202204288315." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291059">3</figureCitation>
), not covering the lower jaw when mouth is shut. Three pairs of barbels are present: two pairs of rostral barbels (the inner pair not reaching the corner of the mouth, and the outer pair slightly longer than the inner pair) and one pair of maxillary barbels, which extend to the posterior margin of the eye when fully extended (Fig.
<figureCitation id="52246AC2A5E933CC71449DE7117339F7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Detailed cephalic morphology of holotype, IHB 202305300005 of Claea scet sp. nov. A. Dorsal side view of head; B. Frontal view of head, processus dentiformis shown by a red arrow; C. Lateral sideview of head, and D. Ventral side view of head (Cephalic lateral line system highlighted as green dots)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291058">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2D735097751264023C3EC31ACCB42229" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure3" ID-arpha="0BA3BED5-C74D-5B23-9BFC-B11FF74B9AC7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291059" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="CDB87D98FB9B487EE5202DD01F6B4D91">
<label id="1D49BAB11FBD68C0E3D9E458FC833E92">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="338070196FF2904866F627D26802DC1C">
Comparison of processus dentiformis of different
<taxonomicName id="1F859C1663ECA73711FD4135B006F2DB" authorityName="Sauvage" authorityYear="1874" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F8D7E8F287BA82AB7401B0984A66A3DD" italics="true">Claea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. spp.
<emphasis id="B9D1D55DB53A4222D4D805E14B8D39CE" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="80FB382A0DDE2EEC075A33DDAB007DE8" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet">
<emphasis id="E408C788D778F8231EA02324E6578613" italics="true">C. scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 51.28 mm
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAGCK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEGCK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
202305300005;
<emphasis id="E47BB5027ABF485BB0D09CA499E3B72A" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1CAC2225C9547BD031F17D9999731EB4" baseAuthorityName="Sauvage" baseAuthorityYear="1874" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dabryi">
<emphasis id="4501C60878431E44780A034465AC3D68" italics="true">C. dabryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
98.35 mm
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVGCK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZGCK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
81 VII 2537;
<emphasis id="5637F0E100973135FCA878FF37529F9B" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B0D7097A60D130B0967A4F051D899DA6" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minibarba">
<emphasis id="81A31190A7457BC02DBDDF72AABB2814" italics="true">C. minibarba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 62.31 mm
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKHCK" xlink_title="standard length">SL</abbrev>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOHCK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
202204288315.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FAAF999B522B14813A6922981E187962">
Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8 (n = 12) or 9 (n = 4) branched fin rays, origin behind mid-point between snout tip and caudal-fin base and posterior to the pelvic fin origin, distal margin truncate, length of dorsal fin greater than body depth. Pelvic fins with 1 simple and 5 (n = 1) or 6 (n = 15) branched fin rays, origin closer to anal fin origin than pectoral fin origin, tips of pelvic fins not reaching anus. Pectoral fins with 1 simple and 10 branched fin rays, extending beyond the halfway to pelvic-fin origin. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5 (n = 7) or 6 (n = 8) branched fin rays, origin closer to pelvic-fin insertion than to caudal fin base. Caudal fin forked, with 2 simple and 16 branched fin rays, the upper lobe slightly longer than the lower (Figs
<figureCitation id="F4082A77FB12CD78D87B14ADC56D4C29" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Morphological characters of holotype, IHB 202305300005 of Claea scet sp. nov. in preservative (10 % formalin). A. Lateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view" figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291057">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5253DA3C3D282657370C9014EF38DE7C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Claea scet sp. nov. in life, paratype IHB 202305300009. Photo from Jiajun Zhou." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291062">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD808C41D22B7D46822F690541A46536">
Intestine short, without bend or loops immediately posterior to stomach. Bony capsule of the air bladder large and thin, dumbbell-shaped, (Fig.
<figureCitation id="82FAA36E4C644ABD8BF5F3132AF3E8E5" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal and lateral profile of Bony capsule of the air bladder." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291061">5</figureCitation>
), posterior chamber of air bladder degenerated. Vertebrae 4 + 38 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D5E94B69FF29E2727CBEE0D0E80BCCF0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the micro- CT graph of the skeleton of holotype IHB 202305300005 of Claea scet sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291060">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B15AD381F4B5296BCFC63F8BD763F693" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure4" ID-arpha="FB34FA4A-D6F0-57D9-A4F3-98BD1FE88FD3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291060" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="F7141E12504F708FD61240A63478C124">
<label id="E91090B6C16FBB9C7F5B5F848CDB8BFB">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3005B278C71CF7846E0F8D27BF4CAA4">
Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the micro-
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETICK" xlink_title="microcomputed tomography">CT</abbrev>
graph of the skeleton of holotype
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXICK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
202305300005 of
<taxonomicName id="7741FA537E72DBEB4B7367B206ADF204" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1E9C040BFAE377BDF06C5E8765732747" italics="true">Claea scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="42114FC51848EF7BFDEEBEB195ED83B4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="71BDE3C8E1336CEF4B079B626F1286B8" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure5" ID-arpha="9EB1EA2C-4730-5751-9FB0-825FF64E1046" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291061" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="E782FDF9947B5936277AE481FD5ADDF4">
<label id="76A195AFAFB36C8A9C00328634E58B7B">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="719C8273F257D7FE8330212B6A11D482">Dorsal and lateral profile of Bony capsule of the air bladder.</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXJCK" type="Coloration">
<paragraph id="2B83BDA1E5B84DB46C9B915F8B2B263C">
<heading id="7E2264D64AD47A284C3FAFEF7C5CE638" reason="title">Coloration.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42CB13629B89121F24EEA16188B60BD9">
In their natural subterranean aquatic habitats, live specimens exhibit a general body coloration of light gray with a faint pinkish hue, accompanied by sparse pigmentation distributed laterally and dorsally. The ventral region is semi-transparent, while all fins appear hyaline. In specimens preserved in 10 % formalin, the body coloration transitions to light gray with a moderate yellowish tint, and pigmentation is observed to fade in some individuals (Figs
<figureCitation id="927F49C485C4D06584A5725766CF7F74" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Morphological characters of holotype, IHB 202305300005 of Claea scet sp. nov. in preservative (10 % formalin). A. Lateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view" figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291057">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BDD20D94AFCFB3832D41725FCF759343" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Claea scet sp. nov. in life, paratype IHB 202305300009. Photo from Jiajun Zhou." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291062">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="789E9BFBA03A9B7AF3D921C0A78E2020" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure6" ID-arpha="55577EFA-8C59-5A46-8778-FC0960D4CDD0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291062" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="B1DEDF3AAEEDF3F2C3321A65FBCEFFE4">
<label id="D955DD790276E1113ED17104186A43FD">Figure 6.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7AE632295CD3564A51A168FE6CF87164">
<taxonomicName id="B8B7398F791C94EA7797E4864E77299E" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6D136FF38176E0C939E77C969E782A33" italics="true">Claea scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A396640D31FC979030B0F098FB0D749" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in life, paratype
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYKCK" xlink_title="Museum of Aquatic Organisms at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences">IHB</abbrev>
202305300009. Photo from Jiajun Zhou.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBLCK" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="93EAA46D69BE92E2D26B4792292CF9F8">
<heading id="2669848D8C4CAB30B55961E5D9927B56" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60C6DBF081504AD7FCD60AC9F61F8753">
This species is presently only known from a subterranean tributary of the Dadu River in the upper Yangtze River in Taojin Cave, Shiqianggou, Hulu Town, Shawan District, Leshan City,
<collectingRegion id="76FC896C1B6940EAE7457374613689F9" country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="8C4C00FB730888164313BF9FB69C626D" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="57F09AF71270D1A412997E6E167EBD6E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Taojin Cave, the type locality of Claea scet sp. nov. and individuals of Claea scet sp. nov. found in the cave. A. environs of the cave; B. Li He descending into the cave using SRT; C. Author collecting Claea scet sp. nov. with hand-net; D. Author filming live image of Claea scet sp. nov.; E, F. Individuals of Claea scet sp. nov. resting on gravelly bottom of the subterranean river in Taojin." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291063">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ECB63033CD83C4E3B7D00AA266447DED" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Distribution and hydrology of the type locality of Claea scet sp. nov. (square), C. wulongensis (black circle), C. minibarba (triangle) and known distribution of C. dabryi (white circle)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291065">9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="24FA6CFD93E1E44518A7C979E482A3A2" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure7" ID-arpha="26B00502-4DE0-542E-BE87-22CF5334441C" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291063" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="17FEEAAB0929E82F216EC72891398177">
<label id="2B1BB697B0AF029891638A5BB36182EB">Figure 7.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF2CA276AA275258F90F3D15942BEB84">
Taojin Cave, the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="18AD0F32ECAA0758D048F2BA72F13D28" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3C1967197311923447112F581FE7D4B5" italics="true">Claea scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1B618CBFE60A6CABACAEDA4B48D2B30D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and individuals of
<taxonomicName id="7A8476E63BDAF02037EAC636FD87EDFB" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0874F8EDE7F74F4A2AF8E7C2DC9D8F79" italics="true">Claea scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CE41AFA1D4E9A678DE280917C95B26AF" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
found in the cave.
<emphasis id="AF0D49809CD8245566EF1D5304040CDB" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
environs of the cave;
<emphasis id="753C9EC66FF40CAE854A8528F767C649" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
Li He descending into the cave using SRT;
<emphasis id="A418AE4A33CE26516E4AAAACEA14D9DF" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
Author collecting
<taxonomicName id="B20338EC226524F65EB1551097C2C7EA" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="56E4DE43C8855B214378FBAF497478C5" italics="true">Claea scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E793316CC0355B7393A31D82EBDFBE22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with hand-net;
<emphasis id="2338C9E2E6B8C54274CF894DCBBE0D12" bold="true">D.</emphasis>
Author filming live image of
<taxonomicName id="B4F2FF61A93D246A113CF66E773D3E7B" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E6BE54BFBFCFD6E9C7D49B3AAEBF37E0" italics="true">Claea scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="62410B53AD7417171DEA79A25F628667" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<emphasis id="667849A9EFDFA9B6DC06CEAB85691F71" bold="true">E, F.</emphasis>
Individuals of
<taxonomicName id="0647832610043CFF9D172725F40E348E" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="87D3D569AFFAB6EA08AF45D3C96DDB5D" italics="true">Claea scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9FA39B7C6B2031670135FFDC9A31BD50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resting on gravelly bottom of the subterranean river in Taojin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4NCK" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4FDC679BFE2E1A6358E22FDAB697ACBD">
<heading id="3452164D7D141158EF7444455B9E289C" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4138C61B29B3C3C56634DF1B3BE070E6">
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="95570EFE17DBD4139FB2166811341022" authorityName="Lei &amp; He &amp; Huang &amp; Zhou &amp; He" authorityYear="2025" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Claea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scet">
“
<emphasis id="6208466C6A6811195627177D4841D644" italics="true">scet</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is in reference to the abbreviation of
<collectingRegion id="38AA93F20F58D38E1BDBE77650D64F74" country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
Cave Exploration Team, a cave exploration team who collected the type specimens, in recognition of their contributions to the understanding of cave fishes of
<collectingRegion id="2E9666FE9B0CDD9A9DA0F55CA4CBFDB3" country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
. “ 川洞山鳅 (Pinyin: Chuan Dong
<collectingRegion id="40D2585EA36BE19C525B2450826F0247" country="Myanmar" name="Shan">Shan</collectingRegion>
Qiu) ” is proposed for the Chinese common name of this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMOCK" type="Field notes">
<paragraph id="3B6DD857B99A8C41CA719EFCFB6E242E">
<heading id="8F867AB34F713241C0565479F409BAF1" reason="title">Field notes.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="388E25E16EC3A1A7D0DBD6FA756A6BDA">
The Taojin Dolomite Cave, situated adjacent to a backroad in Shiqianggou, is characterized as a shaft-type cave with a broad entrance. Access to the cave is restricted to the Single Rope Technique (SRT) for descent. During the rainy season, elevated water levels render the cave inaccessible, while at other times, the interior remains humid with spacious tunnels. This species inhabits pools located within the deep dark zone of the cave, where environmental conditions during the survey period in
<date id="A50F2AF0DD6F70A9644AC9206F92CCD7" value="2023-05">May 2023</date>
included an air temperature of 18–19 ° C and a water temperature of 15 ° C (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EA772AAB8D36394BA0A8FB99D03288DC" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Taojin Cave, the type locality of Claea scet sp. nov. and individuals of Claea scet sp. nov. found in the cave. A. environs of the cave; B. Li He descending into the cave using SRT; C. Author collecting Claea scet sp. nov. with hand-net; D. Author filming live image of Claea scet sp. nov.; E, F. Individuals of Claea scet sp. nov. resting on gravelly bottom of the subterranean river in Taojin." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.146469.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1291063">7</figureCitation>
). Other troglobites found inside the same cave were
<taxonomicName id="DE869D360F47C66FA0F64EEC4E5658F6" authority="Tian &amp; He, 2023" authorityName="Tian &amp; He" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Jujiroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duqianae">
<emphasis id="C8B131B5D63C25FCEA59C69EC07E5A8D" italics="true">Jujiroa duqianae</emphasis>
Tian &amp; He, 2023
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="7C3C78CFC6481E6D88D8BAAD2E2EAAB8" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ABF20D36E31104CC5FDBFF9D869D3C9E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="1C79B9661218014751565D5C8C789FD7" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paratachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="F1AE1BF5B4B24FCF6B7B57F477B868A5" italics="true">Paratachys</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B07A372E6042E2E478789A2C3EDC642A" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2D1D95319C59FF77E27B8C2FC773D3D7" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="8BC7B986C3D77B5077087C1E11CC43AA" authority="Wang &amp; He, 2024" authorityName="Wang &amp; He" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Domene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lizeyui">
<emphasis id="76509745750EC00F24F9E9F853BDD722" italics="true">Domene lizeyui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37C1DE50B1B1A39F4BD61F62BFB1C698" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.132155" author="Wang CB &amp; He L" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="27-42" refId="B46" refString="Wang CB, He L (2024) First discovery of troglobitic Paederinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from China. ZooKeys 1216: 27-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1216.132155" title="First discovery of troglobitic Paederinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from China." volume="1216" year="2024">Wang &amp; He, 2024</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="686AE4ED5BCE5CC276EE287292A79FB7" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DFC741076C72464D63E6C9CFE23676E8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Staphylinidae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="F1356827F5034C8913F9EA471B0514B4" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" genus="Epanerchodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="2CDC15F78D413FAE1E4AC06A075E89D2" italics="true">Epanerchodus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6F64FA7160D3532B42D38FC774117773" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Diplopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Polydesmida</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4506BEF0D8564A24E4B62766C820967F" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Diplopoda" family="Polydesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Polydesmidae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="8F744BAA5E46B3DE22D60D5BDA578A1A" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Chetoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="49DD37F87F38E3F00B30B446C80B50A2" italics="true">Chetoneura</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="47605E67D7A5FFF9E518BA578EAFE679" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C21E2E9FFA9492F3BD9CDA974CD5A4BD" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>