From d7a0ea3b9c2d2c4e34b9e62d527c717e18f3ae6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2025 13:29:47 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-03-26 13:23:41 --- .../29/03F029281E2AFFA4FF2151DAFA51FE49.xml | 916 +++++++++++++++ .../29/03F029281E34FFA3FF215278FAE7FB61.xml | 768 ++++++++++++ .../29/03F029281E55FFCDFF215479FCCDFF15.xml | 161 +-- .../29/03F029281E7AFFD2FF2157D4FC16FE11.xml | 1032 +++++++++++++++++ .../87/183987D1FF80F07A5828C079FBC0FF64.xml | 83 ++ .../87/183987D1FF81F0785B60C2E4FAE8F8E4.xml | 94 ++ .../87/183987D1FF83F07D5B60C601FB2AF9F6.xml | 906 +++++++++++++++ .../F2/DD63F2B696CD5C12BA1455760FACDCB5.xml | 616 ++++++++++ 8 files changed, 4496 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/03/F0/29/03F029281E2AFFA4FF2151DAFA51FE49.xml create mode 100644 data/03/F0/29/03F029281E34FFA3FF215278FAE7FB61.xml create mode 100644 data/03/F0/29/03F029281E7AFFD2FF2157D4FC16FE11.xml create mode 100644 data/18/39/87/183987D1FF80F07A5828C079FBC0FF64.xml create mode 100644 data/18/39/87/183987D1FF81F0785B60C2E4FAE8F8E4.xml create mode 100644 data/18/39/87/183987D1FF83F07D5B60C601FB2AF9F6.xml create mode 100644 data/DD/63/F2/DD63F2B696CD5C12BA1455760FACDCB5.xml diff --git a/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E2AFFA4FF2151DAFA51FE49.xml b/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E2AFFA4FF2151DAFA51FE49.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..91cff4b27ed --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E2AFFA4FF2151DAFA51FE49.xml @@ -0,0 +1,916 @@ + + + +Revision of the Aspistomella group of genera (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallinae: Lipsanini) + + + +Author + +Kovac, Damir +Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0000 - 2202 - 4052 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8451 - 5500 + + + +Author + +Kameneva, Elena P. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Korneyev, Severyn V. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616 USA https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8599 - 7695 & California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California, 95832 - 1448 USA + + + +Author + +Araújo, Alexandre Santos +University of São Paulo, “ Luiz de Queiroz ” College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0245 - 763 X https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9145 - 6059 + + + +Author + +Savaris, Marcoandre +University of São Paulo, “ Luiz de Queiroz ” College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0245 - 763 X https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9145 - 6059 + + + +Author + +Smit, John T. +EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten en andere ongewervelden p / a Naturalis Biodiversity Center Postbus 9517 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1568 - 5183 + + + +Author + +Schneider, Alexander +Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0000 - 2202 - 4052 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8451 - 5500 + + + +Author + +Schreiber, Robert +Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Korneyev, Valery A. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +5530 + + +1 + + +1 +117 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1 + +journal article +308813 +10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1 +ec6e6e8f-cde1-4e9a-8068-4da444bd6d1d +1175-5334 +14023149 +41376D87-B401-4301-9DDC-54606653881F + + + + + + + +Aspistomella tres +Kovac, Kameneva & V. Korneyev + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +75316625-D2BF-4DDE-A1EA-7440A4792038 + + +GenBank accession number PQ331195 + +Figs 1 C +, +5 D +, +7 B +, +9 B +, +44–47 + + + + +Material examined. Type. + + +Holotype + +♀ +: “ + +Bolivia + +: +Buena Vista +[El Cairo] near Santa Cruz +, [ +17.4734S +, +63.6922W +], + +on felled bamboo culm ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +, last year) + +, + +12.i.2011 + +, Bol 13/11 +D. Kovac +” ( +SMF +) + +. + + +Paratypes + +: + +Bolivia + +: +2 ♀ +, +Santa Cruz +, +near Buena Vista (El Cairo) +[ +17.5009S +, +63.7050W +], + +on freshly felled bamboo culm (expint, + +Guadua chacoensis + +) + +, + +10.i.2011 + +, Bol B4b/11 + +; + +1 ♀ +, idem [ +17.4734S +, +63.6922W +], + +on felled bamboo culm ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +, last year) + +, + +15.i.2011 + +, Bol B20/11 + +; + +1 ♀ +, idem [ +17.4734S +, +63.6922W +], + +on felled bamboo culm ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +, last year) + +, + +17.i.2011 + +, Bol B34/11 + +; + +1 ♀ +, idem [ +17.4734S +, +63.6922W +], + +on bamboo culm ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +, last year) + +, sheaths removed, + +18.i.2011 + +, Bol B80/11 + +; + +1♂ +, +2 ♀ +, idem [ +17.5009S +, +63.6743W +], + +on upright bamboo culm ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +, last year) + +, + +29.i.2011 + +, Bol B91/11; + + +idem[ +17.5009S +, +63.6743W +], + +larva in bamboo internode ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +, last year) + +, emerged on + +8.ii.2011 + +, Bol B157/11 + +, + +1 ♀ +(leg. +D. Kovac +) (dissected), idem [ +17.4734S +, +63.6922W +], + +larva in internode of felled bamboo ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +, last year) + +, emerged on + +18.ii.2011 + +, Bol Z32/3/11 + +, + +1 ♂ +, idem [ +17.4734S +, +63.6922W +], + +larva in internode of felled bamboo ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +, last year) + +, emerged on + +25.ii.2011 + +, Bol Z32/4/11 + +, + +1 ♂ +(leg. +D. Kovac +) (dissected) ( +SMF +; +SIZK +) + +. + + +Non-type +: + + +Bolivia + +: +Buena Vista +(El Cairo) near Santa Cruz +, [ +17.4734S +, +63.6922W +], + +on freshly felled bamboo culm ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +) + +, + +9.i.2011 + +, Bol B2b/11, +2 specimens +(sex unknown, abdomens missing) (leg. +D. Kovac +) + +, + +idem [ +17.4734S +, +63.6922W +], + +28.i.2011 + +, Bol B80/11, +1 ♀ +(alcohol) + +, + +idem, + +28.i.2011 + +, Bol B80/11, +1 ♀ +(alcohol) + +, + +idem, + +29.i.2011 + +, Bol B91/11, +1 ♀ +(leg. +D. Kovac +) (alcohol) + +; + +Bol.70.07, + +30.11.2007 + +, +5♀ +( +SMF +; +SIZK +); + + +Bol.77.07, + +1.12.2007 + +, +1♂ +(alcohol) ( +SIZK +) + +. + + + + +Larvae. + + +Bolivia + +: +Buena Vista +, + +6.ii.2011 + +, BolZ32/11, +5 larvae +( +D. Kovac +leg.) ( +SMF +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis +. + +Aspistomella tres + +is similar to + +A. duo + +, + +A. heteroptera + +, + +A. lobioptera + +, and + +A. steyskali + +in having the costal vein bent anteriorly before the apex of vein Sc, the costal cell lobate, and the pterostigma very short, shorter than width of costal cell ( +Fig. 44 F +), and differs from them by details of the wing pattern: apical quarter of cell r +4+5 +entirely dark (in + +A. heteroptera + +, + +A. lobioptera + +, + +A. steyskali + +crossed by hyaline incision); + +Aspistomella tres + +is very similar to + +A. duo + +in having wing apex without hyaline incisions crossing cell r +4+5 +, but differs from it by a conspicuously narrower wing and cell dm between crossveins r-m and dm-m with hyaline mark entering cell r +4+5 +anteriorly ( +Figs 5 C, D +). + + + + +Description +. Male. +Head +( +Figs 44 D, E +) ratio (length: height: width) = 1: 1.4: 1.6, frons, parafacial, and gena yellowish brown, except anterior part of frons yellow; lunule and face between antennae yellow, and occiput mostly black, at least in dorso-lateral part. Frons ( +Fig. 44 D +) 1.2× longer than wide, with shining, partly brown or black ocellar triangle and brown vertical plates; orbits silver-white microtrichose; parafacial narrow, 0.3–0.4× broader than postpedicel, white microtrichose. Frons with 4–5 parafrontal setulae and 2–4 frontal setae at each side, frontal vitta with 1–3 interfrontal setae at each side; anteriormost setae longer than other and half as long as outer vertical seta; 1 very long orbital seta, as long as ocellar seta, 0.6–0.75× longer than inner vertical seta and 1.7× longer than outer vertical seta; postocellar seta long, 0.5× longer than inner vertical seta; outer vertical seta short, 0.4× longer than inner vertical seta and 4–5× longer than postocular setae forming one row, allied by 4–5 dorsal and 10–16 ventral occipital setae. Lunule very narrow, indistinguishable, orange. Eye 1.4–1.5× higher than long. Face above suture 0.6–0.7× higher than wide at transverse fold, yellow, densely white microtrichose; epistome (below suture) reddish brown to black, sparsely white microtrichose, with metallic greenish or golden sheen, strongly produced anteriorly and separated from upper part of face by deep suture. Clypeus brown or yellow, densely white microtrichose, matt, 0.4–0.5× higher than epistome. Gena brownish yellow, with long genal seta and 4–6 additional, much shorter, setae anterior of it, 0.3–0.4× longer than genal seta. Occiput black, except postgena brownish-yellow, with yellowish to cyan metallic sheen, moderate densely covered with greyish microtrichia partly hiding underlying cuticle; ventral part of occiput (postgena) with 3–4 setae almost as long as genal seta. + + + +FIGURE 44. + +Aspistomella tres + + +sp. nov. + +holotype ♀. A, habitus, left; B, same, dorsal; C, mesonotum, dorsal; D, head, dorsal; E, same, anterior; F, wing, anterobasal part. Abbreviations: c—costal cell; C—costal vein; ptstg—pterostigma; R +1 +—anterior branch of radius. Scale bar: 1 mm (same for A and B). + + +Antenna yellow; postpedicel whitish microtrichose, 2–2.1× longer than wide, apically rounded; arista black except yellow at basal 0.2, almost bare. Mouthparts brown, prementum brown or black, subshining. Palp yellow, moderately wide, apically rounded, with 10–12 strong black setulae, of them 5–6 subapical setulae 1.5–2× longer than other setulae. + + +FIGURE 45. + +Aspistomella tres + + +sp. nov. + +SEM views ♂. +A +, head, left; +B +, face and gena, anterolateral; +C +, gena: microtrichia; +D +, postgena: microtrichia; +E +, lobe of costal cell and pterostigma; +F +, microtrichia and spinulose setulae on costal vein; +G +, mesonotum, setulae and microtrichia; +H +, same, enlarged. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.) + + + +Thorax ( +Figs 44 A–C +) brown to black, with bluish sheen and sparse white microtrichia not hiding underlying cuticle. Mesonotal scutum 1.3× longer than wide; prescutellar area either entirely black, including postpronotal lobes and notopleuron, or widely yellowish brown with brown margins or medially black with yellowish postpronotal lobe and notopleural triangle; black setulose, with 18–20 rows of setulae between rows of dorsocentral setulae; acrostichal prescutellar setae absent in all specimens examined, at most one pair of setulae 1.5× longer than surrounding setulae present; prescutellar area medially setulose and without setulae around dorsocentral setae. Scutellum dorsally very slightly convex, orange to dark brown, sparsely microtrichose, devoid of setulae, often with conspicuous bluish or greenish sheen. Subscutellum subshining, brown to black. Mediotergite subshining black, conspicuously microtrichose. Other setae as described for the genus. All the setae and setulae black. + + +Wing +( +Figs 5 D +, +44 F +) +5.5–7.5 mm +( +♂ +), +5.9–7.9 mm +( +♀ +) long, 3.5–3.75× longer than wide; basicostal cell hyaline; costal cell lobate, 4–4.5× longer than wide, brown in basal and apical quarters of length, with costa conspicuously curved posteriorly and covered with slightly longer setulae before apex of vein Sc ( +Fig. 45 F +); pterostigma entirely brown, narrow triangular, 0.3–0.4× longer than wide, vein R +1 +with 4–6 setulae dorsally ( +Figs 44 F +, +45 E, F +), ending slightly distal to middle of R +2+3 +first section (between fork and crossvein dm-m) in both sexes; vein R +2+3 +faintly arcuate or almost straight, subparallel to costa to very apex. Crossvein r-m conspicuously distal to middle of cell dm in both sexes. Cell r +4+5 +5.5–7× longer than wide, apically narrowed. Cell m +1 +narrow triangular; ultimate section of M +1 +4–5× longer than crossvein dm-m and 2–2.3× longer than penultimate section. Vein CuA sinuate, cell cua with very short posteroapical lobe along vein CuP. Wing pattern with short subbasal crossband from humeral vein to base of cell cua and large dark brown mark widely from apical lobe of costal cell almost to base of cell dm 3 whitish hyaline incisions (one wide triangular at anterior margin extending from cell r +1 +into r +2+3 +next to crossvein r-m, and two oblique cuneiform at posterior margin, extending from cells m +1 +and m +4 +into cell r +4+5 +at both sides of crossvein dm-m; cell m +4 +, cup (anal cell sensu +Kameneva & Korneyev 2010 +) and anal lobe grey; anal lobe as wide as cell cua. Alula 3× longer than wide, darkened in apical half. Calypters white, with white ciliae. Halter yellow with brown or black knob. + + +Legs ( +Fig. 44 A +) with yellow fore coxae and all trochanters, and brown to yellow mid and hind coxae; femora yellow, in apicodorsal half mostly brown; tibiae and tarsi brown, in teneral sapecimens pale brownish yellow, black setose and setulose, without conspicuous microtrichia or metallic sheen in examined specimens. Fore femur with 2 rows of posterodorsal and posterior setae, and 1–2 preapical posteroventral setae, all slightly shorter than femur width. Mid femur anteriorly and posteriorly with short setulae, but without long erect setae; mid tibia ventrally with single spur-like seta 1.7–2× longer than tibia width. + + +Abdomen +moderately elongate brown to entirely black, syntergite 1+2 often brownish yellow; tergites finely sparsely microtrichose, with faint cyan metallic sheen, except tergite 5 of +♂ +and tergite 6 of +♀ +(the latter almost entirely hidden inderneath tergite 5) brown or black without metallic sheen; setulae and setae black. + + +Male postabdomen +( +Figs 46 A–E +) as described for + +A. duo + +, but phallus somewhat shorter, only 2.5–3× longer than epandrium height (in + +A. duo + +, at least 4× longer than epandrium height). + + +Female terminalia +not dissected, aculeus not flattened, with cercal unit oval and long setulose. + + +Third instar larva. General structure +: As in + +A. duo + +, body length +8.4–11.8 mm +(median: +9.9 mm +; n = 10), width +2.2–2.9 mm +(median: +2.75 mm +; n = 10). + + +Pseudocephalon +: As in + +A.duo + +. Second antennal segment retracted, not visible. Structure and pattern of oral ridges as in + +A. duo + +, thirty central oral ridges adjacent to oral cavity, identical on both sides of the body (n = +1 larva +). + + +Cephalopharyngeal skeleton +( +Fig. 7 B +) as in + +Aspistomella duo +. + +Total length about +1.3 mm +(n = 2). Indentation between tips of apical tooth and ventral apodeme 0.81–0.83× as deep as wide. Hypopharyngeal sclerite 4.5–4.9× longer than high. Parastomal bars curved, 1.1–1.2× longer than hypopharyngeal sclerite. + + +Thoracic segments I–III +: As in + +A.duo + +. Anterior spiracles on thoracic segment I contain 19–25 tubules per row (median = 22, n = 20 rows of tubules from +10 larvae +). The number of tubules on the left or right side of the same larva differs by one to four tubules. Spatial pattern of cuticular sensilla and paired spiracular openings as in + +A. duo + +. + + +Abdominal segments I–VII. +Abdominal segments I-VII bear 13 cuticular sensilla on each side of the body and a pair of rudimentary lateral spiracles (see +Fig. 8 A +). Ventrally, the creeping welts on abdominal segments I–VII are arranged as follows: CW1 ( +Fig. 47 A +): three rows of long and acute spinules, first and third row continuous, middle row with about ten slightly curved short rows vertically shifted relative to each other. All bristles directed posteriorly. CW2 ( +Fig. 47 B +): two discontinuous or incomplete rows (b) followed by a continuous central row (c), followed by a row of large spines (row d) arranged as follows: two short horizontal central rows, each consisting of two groups of large spinules each, four to six spinules in each group, three large spinules between them, central rows laterally flanked by five inclined curved rows angled to body midline, each inclined row with anterior large spinules interconnected with a posterior group of smaller spinules; last row e with more or less continuous small spinules. All spinules directed posteriorly. CW3 +– +CW7 ( +Fig. 47 C +): similar to CW2, but with an additional anterior row of anteriorly oriented spinules (row a). In addition, the two central horizontal rows in row d and one adjacent inclined row on each side have a double row of large spinules ( +Fig. 47 C +, inset). The anterior row of large spinules is anteriorly oriented and the posterior row is posteriorly oriented. + + + +FIGURE 46. + +Aspistomella tres + + +sp. nov. + +♂ genitalia. +A +, postabdomen, posterior; +B +, same, lateral; +C +, hypandrium, anterior; +D +, surstylus, anteroventral; +E +, same, lateral. Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; ph—phallus; phapod—phallapodeme; pi p—pimple-like process; s—seta; sur—surstylus. + + + +Caudal segment +. The caudal segment bears 13 cuticular sensilla on each side of the body (see +Fig. 8 +). Caudal creeping welt CW8 structured similarly to CW3 +– +CW7, but last row arranged along the anterior margin of perianal pad with anteriorly directed bristles; large spinules less inclined, not connected to smaller spinule rows ( +Fig. 47 D +). + + +Posterior spiracles ( +Figs 47 E +, +9 B +) oval-angular, length +0.5–0.72 mm +(median = 0.6, n = 15), width +0.43–0.59 mm +(median = 0.48, n = 15), shortest distance between spiracles +0.93–1.34 mm +(n =19). Spiracular slits with 12–15 turns, shape similar as in + +A. duo + +, but terminal turn long, rather narrow and spiracular slits 1 and 2 symmetrical. Apical part of yellow area not club-shaped and with sharp margins. Spiracular Hair group 1: 7–11 hair trunks, Hair group 2: 1 hair trunk, Hair group 3: 5–8 hair trunks and Hair group 4: 11–14 hair trunks (n = 4 spiracles). Anal complex as in + +A. duo + +. + + + +FIGURE 47. + +A. tres + + +sp. nov. + +, SEM views of ventral abdominal creeping welts ( +CW +) and anterior spiracles. ( +A -E +) and + +Aspistomella +sp. + +, anterior spiracles ( +F +). +A +, CW1 on abdominal segment I; +B +, CW2 on abdominal segment II; +C +, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a double row of large spinules; +D +, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; +E +, right posterior spiracle of + +A. tres + + +sp. nov. + +; +F +, left anterior spiracle of + +Aspistomella +sp. + +Abbreviations: a-e—creeping welt rows a–e. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.) + + + +Puparium. +Length +8.4 mm +; maximum width at 4 +th +abdominal segment, +2.1 mm +(n = 1). + + + + +Remarks +. The three reared males are teneral and apparently faded colour in alcohol; body brown, wings almost entirely hyaline with faint traces of dark pattern as in females. + + + + +Etymology +. The species name means “three” in Latin, reflecting the wing pattern, which is similar to the number “3”, and is a noun in apposition. + + + + +Remarks +. + +Aspistomella +tres + +can be distinguished from + +A. duo + +as described under + +A. duo + +remarks. + + + + +Biology +. Larvae inhabit water-filled bamboo internode cavities of + +Guadua angustifolia + +, biology as in + +A. duo + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E34FFA3FF215278FAE7FB61.xml b/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E34FFA3FF215278FAE7FB61.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5979adfe2a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E34FFA3FF215278FAE7FB61.xml @@ -0,0 +1,768 @@ + + + +Revision of the Aspistomella group of genera (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallinae: Lipsanini) + + + +Author + +Kovac, Damir +Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0000 - 2202 - 4052 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8451 - 5500 + + + +Author + +Kameneva, Elena P. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Korneyev, Severyn V. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616 USA https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8599 - 7695 & California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California, 95832 - 1448 USA + + + +Author + +Araújo, Alexandre Santos +University of São Paulo, “ Luiz de Queiroz ” College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0245 - 763 X https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9145 - 6059 + + + +Author + +Savaris, Marcoandre +University of São Paulo, “ Luiz de Queiroz ” College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0245 - 763 X https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9145 - 6059 + + + +Author + +Smit, John T. +EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten en andere ongewervelden p / a Naturalis Biodiversity Center Postbus 9517 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1568 - 5183 + + + +Author + +Schneider, Alexander +Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0000 - 2202 - 4052 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8451 - 5500 + + + +Author + +Schreiber, Robert +Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Korneyev, Valery A. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +5530 + + +1 + + +1 +117 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1 + +journal article +308813 +10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1 +ec6e6e8f-cde1-4e9a-8068-4da444bd6d1d +1175-5334 +14023149 +41376D87-B401-4301-9DDC-54606653881F + + + + + + + +Ulivellia +Speiser, 1929 + + + + + + + + + + +Ulivellia +Speiser 1929: 28 + + +. + + + + + +Type +species: + +Ulivellia inversa +Speiser, 1929 + +(by original designation). + + + + + +Ulivellia + +: +Steyskal 1968 +: 54.22. + + + + +Diagnosis +. The genus possesses all the diagnostic characters of the tribe +Lipsanini +and the + +Amethysa + +lineage: head and body with greenish or bluish metallic sheen, sparsely whitish microtrichose, ocellar setae strong; phallus bare or covered with fine microtrichia, shortened or sometimes bar-like, apically without glans; female abdominal tergites 4–6 without anteromedial apodemes, only two spermathecae present. Frons with short parafrontal setulae near orbits, and clearly differentiated from them strong frontal and interfrontal setae. + + +Species of + +Ulivellia + +are easily distinguished from most genera of the +Lipsanini +/ + +Amethysa + +lineage by the presence of crossveins r-m and dm-m, which are strongly displaced basally, so that r-m is at the level of the Sc apex and dmm is slightly distal to R +1 +apex level. All known species have an elongate and narrow pterostigma and setulose vein R +1 +. The other lipsaniine species with the crossvein r-m at the level of the Sc apex assigned to the genera + +Axiologina +Hendel, 1909 + +and + +Euxesta +Loew, 1868 + +( +Figs 4 I–K +) have subequal, low epistome and high clypeus ( +Fig. 3 D +). + +Halter either entirely black, or with a black knob, sometimes entirely yellow. + +The species of + +Ulivellia + +can be distinguished from the closely related and superficially similar, elongate and moderately large metallic greenish flies of the + +Aspistomella + +group of genera, which also often have black halteres, by the combination of the wing discal crossband uniformly narrow or not reaching posterior half of the wing (in other genera, strongly widened posteriorly) and crossvein r-m at the level of vein Sc or basal of it (in other genera, distal to the apex of the vein R +1 +, except in + +Aspistomella garleppi + +, where the crossvein r-m is proximal to the apex of the vein R +1 +, but still distal to the apex of vein Sc, as in +Fig. 6 D +, as well as surstyli bearing numerous prensisetae in the species examined (in other genera, only non-thickened or 2–3 moderately thickened setulae are present on the inner surstylus as in + +Aspistomella steyskali + +, which are believed to appear independently). + + + + +Description +. Body mostly dark brown or black, usually with metallic sheen, often faint bluish or greenish, partly hidden by sparse whitish or silvery white microtrichia ( +Figs 50 +, +51 +, +53 +, +55 +, +57 +). + + +Head +generally as described for + +Aspistomella + +. Frons smooth ( +Figs 50 B +, +51 E +, +53 D +, +55 C +, +57 C +), with fine wrinkles, reddish or brownish yellow with black, often greenish shining vertical plates and ocellar triangle to entirely black towards vertex; frontal plates with 4–9 short parafrontal setulae and 4–10 frontal setae; frontal vitta finely and sparsely microtrichose, usually with 3–10 interfrontal setae on each side; vertex and orbits with dense, thickened, short white microtrichia. Vertical plates with 1 long and 1 vestigial reclinate orbital setae anterior of it; ocellar triangle with ocelli forming elongate acute triangle and a pair of very long ocellar setae. Face in dorsal portion flat, covered with white microtrichia ( +Figs 50 B +, +53 D +, +55 C +, +57 C +), and with ventral portion strongly produced anteroventrally, forming large epistome 2–3× higher than clypeus, often metallic shining, covered with sparse, thin whitish microtrichia. Parafacial usually brownish yellow, densely white microtrichose. Gena widened posteriorly, brownish, sparsely white microtrichose, bearing 1–2 strong genal setae and 4–6 moderately long, proclinate peristomal setulae. Occiput densely white microtrichose. Scape short, dorsally with 6–8 black marginal setulae. Pedicel with rectangular incision; one long pedicellar seta and 20–25 setulae, of them ventral longest. Postpedicel oval, 1.8–2× longer than wide, rounded at apex, densely microtrichose; arista 2-segmented ( +Figs 50 C +, +53 C, D +). Palp elongate, 4–4.5× longer than wide and almost twice as long as postpedicel, white microtrichose, with numerous ventral and ventromedial setae almost as long as palp width and 2–3 apical setae 1.5–2× longer than the rest. Clypeus at least half lower than epistome, convex, microtrichose, almost hidden in oral cavity. Proboscis with prementum and labellum moderately large, bearing long thin setulae. + + +Thorax +mostly shining black or brown, with faint bluish, greenish or golden sheen and moderately dense, thin, semierect white microtrichia not hiding entirely shining cuticle. Postpronotal lobe with 1 seta and 5–15 setulae; proepisternum with 1 short proepiesternal seta (sometimes absent or indistinct) and 5–20 fine subequal setulae on proepiesternal ridge. Prosternum higher than wide, with distinct longitudinal suture and shallow ventral incision, sparsely microtrichose, without conspicuous setae. Mesonotum steel shining, with slight green or bluish sheen of cuticle not entirely hidden by sparse or moderately thick white microtrichia ( +Figs 50 E +, +51 F +, +53 E +, +55 E +, +57 E +); scutum setulose, except prescutellar area posterior of dorsocentral setae; dorsocentral setulae forming clear row, with 8–18 12 poorly ordered rows of setulae between them; 1 postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 intra-alar and 1 postalar, 2 dorsocentral and setae present; acrostichal seta present in + +U. amnoni + +, + +U. laetitiae + +and + +U. pseudinsolita + +, but absent in + +U. arcuata + +and + +U. tenoris + +. Anepisternum setulose almost entirely anterior to vertical squama, with strong seta and 5–12 shorter setae at posterior margin. Katepisternum with one, occasionally two strong posterodorsal seta. Scutellum subtriangular, slightly convex, smooth, with 2 pairs of scutellar setae, no setulae on disc and margins, sparsely microtrichose. Subscutellum matt, microtrichose. Mediotergite smooth, sparsely or densely microtrichose. + + +Wing +from moderately elongate, 2.0–2.8× longer than wide to strongly elongate, 3.5× longer than wide (in + +U. tenoris + +), with dark banded wing pattern (or extensive dark pattern in males of + +U. arcuata + +); venation modified, with the crossvein r-m displaced basally to the level of Sc apex and dm-m closer to the level of R +1 +apex than to R +2+3 +apex ( +Figs 4 A–G +). Vein R +1 +dorsally with 7–15 setulae (not known in + +U. inversa + +). Pterostigma longer than wide, costal vein straight before apex of subcostal vein or very slightly bent in + +U. pseudinsolita + +; in + +U. arcuata + +, costal vein conspicuously curved distally of apex of subcostal vein. Cell r +4+5 +slightly or conspicuously narrowed apically. Vein CuA Z-shaped, cell cua with moderately short posteroapical lobe along vein CuP (in + +U. amnoni + +, + +U. laetitiae + +, and + +U. arcuata + +) or moderately long (in + +U. pseudinsolita + +and + +U. tenoris + +). Calypters white, with white cilia. Halter creamy white (in + +U. amnoni + +, + +U. laetitiae + +, and + +U. tenoris + +) to brown with black or brown knob (in + +U. arcuata + +, + +U. inversa +, + +and + +U. pseudinsolita + +). + + +Legs +variable in coloration; coxae yellow to brown, femora usually entirely brown or black, tibiae and tarsi yellow to brown. Fore femur with 2 posterodorsal rows of setae, posteroventrally with row of 2–10 setae. Mid femur on anterior and posterior surface with row of moderately long, antero- and postero-ventrally directed setulae. Mid tibia apicoventrally with strong spur-like seta 1.5× longer than tibia width. Hind femur with 2–3 subapical setae dorsally. + + +Abdomen +subshining brown to black, tergites and sternites with metallic green or yellow sheen, sparsely white microtrichose ( +Figs 50 F +, +51 C +, +53 B +, +55 A, B +, +57 F +). Male and female abdomen with 5 visible tergites, of them tergites 3–5 subequal in length; female tergite 6 hidden underneath posterior margin of tergite 5. Sternites 3–5 unmodified, subrectangular, sternite 5 trapezoid ( +Fig. 52 A +). + + +Male postabdomen +. Sternite 8 setulose, with 2 longer setae. Cerci wide oval, moderately developed, partly fused at bases; in + +U. arcuata + +, flat and joined by subtriangular proctiger; in + +U. laetitiae + +, short oval, in + +U. pseudinsolita + +longer, sack-like; setulose ( +Figs 52 D, E +; +54 A, B +; +56 A–D +). Epandrium ovoid, dorsally short, moderately setulose ( +Figs 52 C +, +54 A, B, D +, +56 A–D +). Surstyli basally wide, in + +U. laetitiae + +, outer surstylus simple with narrow, elongated, mesally directed ventral lobe apically bearing dorsally directed pimple-like process, but without distinct antero-ventral and postero-ventral lobes; inner surstylus with 12–15 thickened prensisetae ( +Figs 54 B, D, E +); in + +U. arcuata + +, mesally directed ventral lobe short and without pimple-like process, but with single sclerotised prensiseta at base ( +Figs 52 B, C +); inner surstylus with row of 6–8 gradually enlarging prensisetae; in + +U. pseudinsolita + +, outer surstylus flattened, posteroventrally directed, apically oval with single trichoid sensillum; inner surstylus with 4 very strong claw-like mesally directed prensisetae ( +Figs 56 A, C +). Pregonites symmetrical, with 3–5 setulae ventro-mesally, conspicuously anterior of postgonites. Postgonites on laterobasal part of the phallic guide lobes, with 5–6 small trichoid sensilla ( +Figs 52 F +, +54 E +, +56 E +). Phallus in + +U. laetitiae + +and + +U. pseudinsolita + +moderately short and narrow, about 3–4 times as long as epandrium high, almost bare, in rest coiled at right side of abdomen ( +Figs 56 A–D +); in + +U. arcuata + +, phallus short and wide, bowed to the right side of abdomen, but neither coiled, nor hidden in the rest, apically with pair of denticles at both sides of gonopore ( +Figs 52 B–E +). Ejaculatory apodeme short, bar-like, with relatively small sperm pump ( +Figs 52 D +, +56 B +). + +Female terminalia: not dissected. + +Preimaginal stages +. +Egg +unknown. + + +Third instar larvae. +The third instar larvae of + +Ulivellia + +are known from + +Ulivellia arcuata + +and + +U +. +tenoris + +. +The morphology and the cephalopharyngeal skeleton of + +Ulivellia + +larvae were basically the same as in + +Aspistomella + +( +Table 2 +). + +Aspistomella + +and + +Ulivellia + +could be distinguished mainly by the structure of the posterior spiracles and the locomotory creeping welts. + +Aspistomella + +larvae had three rows of posteriorly oriented spinules on abdominal segment I ( +Figs 21 A +, +47 A +), three rows of posteriorly oriented spinules in the anterior portion of abdominal segments II-VIII (rows b and c, +Figs 21 B +, +47 B +) and an anterior row of anteriorly oriented spinules on segments III-VIII (row a, +Figs 21 C +, +47 C +). In contrast, + +Ulivellia + +larvae have five rows of posteriorly oriented spinules on abdominal segment I ( +Figs 58 B +, +60 A +), five or more rows of posteriorly oriented spinules in the anterior part of the creeping welts of abdominal segments III-VIII (rows b and c, +Figs 58 C +, +60 B +) and two to three anterior rows of anteriorly oriented spinules on segments II-VIII (rows a, +Figs 58 D +, +60 C +). + + +The posterior spiracular slits of + +U. arcuata + +resembled silhouettes of kneeling and bowing humans, their spiracular slits 1 and 2 were symmetrical, and the yellow area above the spiracular slits widened towards the edge of the spiracle ( +Figs 9 D +, +58 F +). In contrast, the spiracular slits of + +U. tenoris + +had an additional turn in the central part, spiracular slits 1 and 2 were asymmetrical and the width of the yellow line above the spiracular slit was almost constant ( +Figs 9 C +, +60 G +); furthermore, the shape of the spiracle was more rectangular than the more oval shape of the other four species and the distance between the spiracles was comparatively large (high sd/sw index, +Table 2 +). + + + +Ulivellia tenoris + +could be distinguished from + +U. arcuata + +by having a double row of large spinules (rows d, +Fig. 60 C +), while + +U. arcuata + +had only one (rows d, +Fig. 58 D +). Furthermore, in + +U. tenoris + +rows b in the anterior half of the creeping welts of abdominal segments II-VIII were discontinuous, slightly curved and mesh-like ( +Fig. 60 C +), while in + +U. arcuata + +they were relatively parallel to each other and continuous ( +Fig. 58 D +). + +Ulivellia arcuata + +had a continuous central row c ( +Fig. 58 D +), whereas + +U. tenoris + +row c had a discontinuous row c ( +Fig. 60 C +). + + +Puparium +( +Figs 9 E, H +). Puparia of + +Ulivellia + +were similar to those of + +Aspistomella + +, but could be distinguished by their posterior spiracles and creeping welts, just as in larvae ( +compare +spiracular slits in +Figs 9 D, E +). In addition, + +Aspistomella + +puparia were widest at abdominal segments 3–4, whereas + +Ulivellia + +puparia were widest at abdominal segment 7 ( +Figs 9 G, H +). Puparia of + +U. arcuata + +were smaller than those of the other three species. + + +Habitat. +The larvae of + +Ulivellia arcuata + +and + +U. tenoris + +live in the water-filled internodes of young bamboo culms of + +Guadua angustifolia + +. The biology of + +Ulivellia + +is described in the Biology section. + + + + +Remarks. +In the original description, +Speiser (1929) +characterised + +Ulivellia + +as “…somewhat reminiscent of + +Rivellia + +[a genus of the +Platystomatidae +—VK] in the general appearance; however, this form belongs to the group around + +Euxesta +H. Lw. + +, including + +Pareuxesta +Coquill. + +because the end of R +1 +is setulose and the analis [vein CuA + CuP] disappears just behind the anal cell [cua]. + + +[…]Due to the peculiar position of the small transverse veins, the use of Hendel's key […] of the “Genera Insectorum”, one is easily misled into interpreting the form as + +Axiologina +Hendel + +; leaving this aside, one arrives quite easily at + +Pareuxesta +Coquill. + +—however, apart from the setae on the frontal vitta, which are much more similar to those of + +Euxesta + +, the vertical plates of the frons are only short, so that they hardly reach further forward than the ocellar triangle, and thus barely reach a third of the length of the frons. On the other hand, the ocelli are not arranged in an equilateral triangle, as in + +Pareuxesta + +, but in an acute-angled isosceles triangle. The clypeus [face—VK] is not only shallowly concave, but rather deeply depressed transversely above the centre; its upper, slightly transversely curved part has a fine median longitudinal keel, as in some + +Euxesta +species + +; the lower part is well curved. The 3rd antennal joint [postpedicel] has a shallowly concave upper edge, otherwise the morphology of the head and its appendages, as well as that of the thorax and its bristles, does not differ from that of compared genera. The wing vein, however, has some peculiarities: The first posterior marginal cell [= cell r +4+5 +—VK] is very clearly narrowed by the convergence of the longitudinal veins. The small transverse vein [= r-m—VK] is displaced proximally (further than in + +E. insolita +Hendel + +, but not as far as in + +Axiologina + +); it is slightly further than at the end of the first quarter of the disal cell length. Due to a peculiar divergence of the cubitus [= vein M +4 +] towards the posterior margin, the discal cell is already widened from the first quarter of its length, so that at the the posterior transverse vein it is at least three times as wide as its base; its postero-distal corner is acute-angled. The character of the anal cell and vein has already been mentioned.” + + + + +[Original description +: “Im Gesamtbilde etwas an +Rivellia +erinnernd, gehört diese Form gewissermassen vermittelnd in die Gruppe um +Euxesta H. Lw. +—Man könnte sie fast ebenso gut als etwas weitergehend seitwärts entwickelte +Euxesta +neben +E. insolita Hendel +stellen, wie man mit grösserem formalen Recht sie zur Gattung +Pareuxesta Coquill. +rechnen könnte, weil das Ende von R +1 +(Subcosta bei Hendel) dicht beborstet ist und die Analis ein Stückchen hinter der Analzelle restlos aufhört. + + +Hendel will ja auch schon diese Inselgattung +Pareuxesta +für „etwas problematisch“ halten. Immerhin ist sie deutlich genug gekennzeichnet, und anderseits die jetzt neu vorliegende Form doch im Geäder einigermassen abweichend, um nicht ohne Zwang weiterer Tatsachen alles zu vereinigen und damit tiergeographische Hinweise unnötig zu verwischen. Durch die eigenartige Stellung der kleinen Querader wird man bei Benutzung von Hendel's Tabelle in fase. 106 der „Genera Insectorum" leicht verleitet, die Form als +Axiologina Hendel +aufzufassen, lässt man diese Klippe beiseite, gelangt man ziemlich zwanglos auf +Pareuxesta Coquill. +—Abgesehen aber von der Beborstung der Stirnstrieme, die erheblich mehr derjenigen bei +Euxesta +entspricht, sind auch die Scheitelplatten der Stirn nur kurz entwickelt, sodass sie kaum weiter nach vorn reichen, als das Ocellendreieck, und also kaum ein Drittel der Stirnlänge erreichen. Die Ocellen anderseits stehen nicht, wie bei +Pareuxesta +, in einem gleichseitigen, sondern in einem spitzwinklig gleichschenkligen Dreieck. Der Clypeus ist nicht nur seicht konkav, sondern oberhalb der Mitte ziemlich tief quer eingedrückt, sein oberer, wenig in der Quere gewölbter Teil weist, wie bei einigen Euxesta-Arten auch, einen feinen Mittellängskiel auf; der untere Teil ist gut gewölbt. Das 3. Fühlerglied weist eine seicht konkav ausgebuchtete Oberkante auf, sonst bietet die Morphologie des Kopfes und seiner Anhänge, ebenso diejenige des Thorax und seine Beborstung keine Abweichungen gegenüber den verglichenen Gattungen. Das Flügelgeäder indessen hat einige eigentümliche Züge: Die erste Hinterrandzelle ist durch Convergenz der Längsadern sehr deutlich verengt. Die kleine Querader ist (weiter als bei +E. insolita Hendel +, aber nicht so weit, wie bei +Axiologina +) wurzelwärts zurückverlagert; sie steht ein wenig weiter als am Ende des ersten Viertels der Discoidalzellenlänge. Die Discoidalzelle ist durch eine eigentümliche Schwingung des Cubitus gegen den Hinterrand zu schon von dem ersten Viertel ihrer Länge ab buchtig erweitert, sodass die hintere Querader gut dreimal so lang ist wie ihre Basis; ihr unteres äusseres Ende ist spitzwinklig. Die Beschaffenheit der Analzelle und -ader wurde bereits erwähnt.” + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E55FFCDFF215479FCCDFF15.xml b/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E55FFCDFF215479FCCDFF15.xml index 322bccbe1dd..9c1f6449f71 100644 --- a/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E55FFCDFF215479FCCDFF15.xml +++ b/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E55FFCDFF215479FCCDFF15.xml @@ -1,104 +1,106 @@ - - - -Revision of the Aspistomella group of genera (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallinae: Lipsanini) + + + +Revision of the Aspistomella group of genera (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallinae: Lipsanini) - - -Author + + +Author -Kovac, Damir -Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0000 - 2202 - 4052 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8451 - 5500 +Kovac, Damir +Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0000 - 2202 - 4052 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8451 - 5500 - - -Author + + +Author -Kameneva, Elena P. -I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 -valery.korneyev@gmail.com +Kameneva, Elena P. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Korneyev, Severyn V. -I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616 USA https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8599 - 7695 & California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California, 95832 - 1448 USA +Korneyev, Severyn V. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616 USA https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8599 - 7695 & California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California, 95832 - 1448 USA - - -Author + + +Author -Araújo, Alexandre Santos -University of São Paulo, “ Luiz de Queiroz ” College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0245 - 763 X https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9145 - 6059 +Araújo, Alexandre Santos +University of São Paulo, “ Luiz de Queiroz ” College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0245 - 763 X https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9145 - 6059 - - -Author + + +Author -Savaris, Marcoandre -University of São Paulo, “ Luiz de Queiroz ” College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0245 - 763 X https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9145 - 6059 +Savaris, Marcoandre +University of São Paulo, “ Luiz de Queiroz ” College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0245 - 763 X https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9145 - 6059 - - -Author + + +Author -Smit, John T. -EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten en andere ongewervelden p / a Naturalis Biodiversity Center Postbus 9517 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1568 - 5183 +Smit, John T. +EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten en andere ongewervelden p / a Naturalis Biodiversity Center Postbus 9517 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1568 - 5183 - - -Author + + +Author -Schneider, Alexander -Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0000 - 2202 - 4052 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8451 - 5500 +Schneider, Alexander +Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0000 - 2202 - 4052 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8451 - 5500 - - -Author + + +Author -Schreiber, Robert -Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 -valery.korneyev@gmail.com +Schreiber, Robert +Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Korneyev, Valery A. -I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 -valery.korneyev@gmail.com +Korneyev, Valery A. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2024 - -2024-10-30 + +2024 + +2024-10-30 - -5530 + +5530 - -1 + +1 - -1 -117 + +1 +117 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1 -1175-5334 -14023149 -41376D87-B401-4301-9DDC-54606653881F +journal article +308813 +10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1 +ec6e6e8f-cde1-4e9a-8068-4da444bd6d1d +1175-5334 +14023149 +41376D87-B401-4301-9DDC-54606653881F @@ -216,11 +218,10 @@ leg.”, “Lichtfang” ( Brasil ( Estr. Agulhas Negras -, K. - -6 - -2000 m - +, K. 6 - + +2000 m + ) Tra . & @@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ col.” ( MZUSP ); - + 1♂ : “ Therezopolis diff --git a/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E7AFFD2FF2157D4FC16FE11.xml b/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E7AFFD2FF2157D4FC16FE11.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..75906f2e59a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F0/29/03F029281E7AFFD2FF2157D4FC16FE11.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1032 @@ + + + +Revision of the Aspistomella group of genera (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallinae: Lipsanini) + + + +Author + +Kovac, Damir +Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0000 - 2202 - 4052 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8451 - 5500 + + + +Author + +Kameneva, Elena P. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Korneyev, Severyn V. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616 USA https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8599 - 7695 & California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California, 95832 - 1448 USA + + + +Author + +Araújo, Alexandre Santos +University of São Paulo, “ Luiz de Queiroz ” College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0245 - 763 X https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9145 - 6059 + + + +Author + +Savaris, Marcoandre +University of São Paulo, “ Luiz de Queiroz ” College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0245 - 763 X https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9145 - 6059 + + + +Author + +Smit, John T. +EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten en andere ongewervelden p / a Naturalis Biodiversity Center Postbus 9517 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1568 - 5183 + + + +Author + +Schneider, Alexander +Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Germany https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0000 - 2202 - 4052 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8451 - 5500 + + + +Author + +Schreiber, Robert +Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Korneyev, Valery A. +I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7986 - 9942 & Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115 Germany Corresponding author: valery. korneyev @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9631 - 1038 +valery.korneyev@gmail.com + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-10-30 + + +5530 + + +1 + + +1 +117 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1 + +journal article +308813 +10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1 +ec6e6e8f-cde1-4e9a-8068-4da444bd6d1d +1175-5334 +14023149 +41376D87-B401-4301-9DDC-54606653881F + + + + + + + +Aspistomella duo +Kovac, Kameneva & V. Korneyev + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +69AD65D5-477E-4DA8-AC63-6050B37FFEFF + + + +Figs 1 B +, +5 C +, +7 A +, +9 A, G +, +14–21 + + + + +Material. Type. + + +Holotype + +♂ +: “ + +Bolivia + +: +Buena Vista +, +near Santa Cruz +[ +El Cairo +, +17.5009S +, +63.6743W +]; + +on upright bamboo culm ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +, last year) + +; + +29.i.2011 + +; Bol 91/11 leg. +D. Kovac +” ( +SMF +) + +. + + +Paratypes + +: +2♂ +, +1♀ +(1♂, 1♀ dissected); + +Bolivia + +: same data as for holotype ( +D. Kovac +leg.) ( +SIZK +) + +; + +2♀ +, same data as for holotype ( +D. Kovac +leg.) + +; + +larva + +in bamboo internode ( + +Guadua chacoensis + +, last year) + +, emerging on + +8.ii.2011 + +, Bol 156/111, (leg. +D. Kovac +) ( +SMF +) + +. + + + +FIGURE 14. + +Aspistomella duo + + +sp. nov. + +holotype ♂. +A +, habitus, left; +B +, head, left; +C +, head, dorsal; +D +, head, anterior; +E +, mesonotum, dorsal; +F +, fore legs; +G +, wing, anterobasal part; +H +, halter; +I +, labels. + + + +Non-type. + + +Bolivia + +: +Buena Vista +, +near Santa Cruz (El Cairo) +; [ +17.4734S +, +63.6922W +], + +1.xii.2007 + +, Bol.76.07; +1 ♂ +(alcohol collection) ( +D. Kovac +leg.) ( +SMF +) + +; + + +1.12.2007 + +, Bol.77.07, +5♂ +; (alcohol collection) ( +SMF +) + +; + +same label, +1♂ +, (SEM stub) ( +SMF +) + +; + +same label, +1♂ +( +SIZK +) + +. + + +Larvae. + + +Bolivia + +: +Buena Vista +, + +6.ii.2011 + +, BolZ32/11, +6 larvae +( +D. Kovac +leg.) ( +SMF +) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis +. + +Aspistomella duo + +is similar to other species of the genus having a very short pterostigma, shorter than the width of the costal cell ( +Fig. 5 C +), but differs from them in details of the wing pattern: apical quarter of cell r +4+5 +completely dark (in + +A. heteroptera + +, + +A. enderleini + +, + +A. lobioptera + +, + +A. lunata + +, + +A. steyskali + +, crossed by crescent hyaline incision); + +Aspistomella duo + +is similar to + +A. tres + +in having wing apex without hyaline incisions crossing cell r +4+5 +and vein R +1 +dorsoapically setulose, but differs from it in having cell dm between crossveins r-m and dm-m completely dark and a conspicuously narrower wing. + + + + +Description. Adult. +Male. +Head +( +Figs 14 B–D +) ratio (length: height: width) = 1: 1.4: 1.75, frons, parafacial and gena reddish or yellowish brown, except anterior part of frons. Lunule and face between antennae yellow. Occiput mostly black, at least in dorso-lateral part. Frons ( +Fig. 14 D, C +, +15 A +) 1.15× longer than wide, with shiny, partly brown or black ocellar triangle and brown vertical plates; orbits silver-white microtrichose; parafacial narrow, 0.2–0.3× broader than postpedicel, white microtrichose. Frontal setulae short, moderately strong, black, proclinate and partly inclined, forming three irregular rows of 2–6 setulae on each side, anteriormost setulae longer than others and as long as outer vertical seta; 1 very long orbital seta, 1.3× longer than ocellar seta, 0.75× longer than inner vertical seta and 2.5× longer than outer vertical seta; postocellar seta long, 0.4× longer than inner vertical seta; outer vertical seta short, 0.3–0.4× longer than inner vertical seta and 2–3× longer than postocular setae forming one row, allied by 8–9 dorsal and 13–19 ventral occipital setae. Lunule very narrow, indistinct, orange. Eye 1.5–1.7× higher than long. Face (above suture) 0.5× higher than wide at transverse fold, yellow to brownish yellow, densely white microtrichose; epistome reddish brown to black (medially), sparsely white microtrichose, with metallic greenish or golden sheen, strongly produced anteriorly and separated from upper part of face by deep suture. Clypeus yellow, densely white microtrichose, matt, 0.5–0.6× higher than epistome. Gena brownish yellow, with long genal seta and 5–6 additional setae anterior to it, 0.6–0.8× longer than genal seta. Occiput black, except postgena brownish-yellow, with yellowish to cyan metallic sheen, moderately densely covered with greyish microtrichia partly hiding underlying cuticle; ventral part of occiput (postgena) with 4–6 setae almost as long as genal seta. Antenna brownish yellow; scape and pedicel with black setulae; postpedicel brown, often blackish apically, whitish microtrichose, 2–2.2× longer than wide, apically rounded; arista black except yellow at base, almost bare. Mouthparts black, prementum black, shiny. Palp yellow, narrowly crescent-shaped, apically rounded, with 10–12 strong black setulae, of which 2–3 subapical setulae 1.5–2× longer than other setulae. + + +Thorax +( +Figs 14 E +, +16 A +) brown to black, with bluish sheen and sparse white microtrichia not obscuring underlying cuticle. Mesonotal scutum 1.3× longer than wide; presutural area with large black patch and brown margin, including postpronotal lobes and notopleuron; 3 pairs of black vittae: short submedially, reaching posteriorly only to level of postsutural supra-alar seta, intra-alar and supra-alar vittae fused anteriorly at transverse fold and reaching level of intra-alar setae and yellow to dark brown prescutellar area; black setulose, with 10–14 rows of setulae between rows of dorsocentral setulae; acrostichal prescutellar setae present (in 3 of +6 specimens +examined), absent (in 2 of +6 specimens +examined), or present on one side only (in +1 specimen +examined); prescutellar area medially setulose and without setulae around dorsocentral setae. Scutellum dorsally very slightly convex, orange to reddish brown, matt, sparsely microtrichose, without setulae, laterally sometimes with inconspicuous silvery sheen. Subscutellum subshining, dark brown. Mediotergite shiny black, sparsely microtrichose. Other setae as described for the genus. All the setae and setulae black. + + +Wing +( +Fig. 5 +С) +6.1–7.7 mm +( +♂ +), +5.7–7 mm +( +♀ +) long, 2.9–3.5× longer than wide; basicostal cell hyaline; costal cell lobed, 4× longer than wide, brown in basal and apical quarters of length, with costa conspicuously curved posteriorly and covered with slightly longer setulae before apex of vein Sc; pterostigma entirely brown, narrowly triangular, 0.4–0.5× longer than wide, vein R +1 +with 3–4 setulae dorsally, ending slightly proximal of crossvein dm-m level in both sexes ( +Fig. 14 G +); vein R +2+3 +almost straight, subparallel to costa to very apex. Crossvein r-m slightly distal to center of cell dm in both sexes. Cell r +4+5 +7–8× longer than wide, apically narrowed. Cell m +1 +narrowly triangular; ultimate section of M +1 +4–5× longer than crossvein dm-m and 2–2.5× longer than penultimate section. Vein CuA Z-shaped, cell cua with moderately short posteroapical lobe along vein CuP. Wing pattern with short subbasal crossband from humeral vein to base of cell cua and large dark brown, Z- or 2-shaped mark widely from apical lobe of costal cell almost to base of cell dm and longitudinal fold of cell m +4 +, and 2 wide triangular incisions from cell r +1 +into cell dm distally from crossvein r-m and from base of cell m +1 +into cell r +4+5 +. Calypters white, with white ciliae. Halter brown with black or brown knob ( +Figs 14 H +, +16 G, H +). + + +Legs +( +Figs 14 A, F +, +16 I–O +) with yellow or brownish-yellow coxae and trochanters, femora entirely yellow to entirely brown; tibiae and tarsi either brownish yellow or brown, in +2 specimens +contrasting with yellow femora, black setose and setulose, without conspicuous microtrichia or metallic sheen in examined specimens. Fore femur with 2 rows of posterodorsal and posterior setae, and 3–4 preapical posteroventral setae, all slightly shorter than femur width. Mid femur anteriorly and posteriorly with short setulae, but without long erect setae; mid tibia ventrally with two subequal spur-like setae 2–2.5× longer than tibia width ( +Fig. 16 K +). Tarsi as on +Figs 17 J–O +. + + +Abdomen +moderately elongate ( +Fig. 16 C +) brown to completely black, syntergite 1+2 often brownish-yellow; tergites finely sparsely microtrichose, with faint cyan metallic sheen, except tergite 5 of +♂ +brown or black without metallic sheen; setulae and setae black. Male tergites 3, 4 and 5 of subequal length. Female tergite 6 short, hidden underneath tergite 5; sternite 6 transverse; oviscape as long as tergites 4–6 combined. + + + +FIGURE 15. + +Aspistomella duo + + +sp. nov. + +SEM views ♂. +A +, frons, anterior; +B +, peristomal cavity and mouthparts, anteroventral; +C +, face, clypeus and antennae; +D +, stipe, pedicel, base of postpedicel and arista; +E +, base of arista; +F +, macrotrichia on dorsal part of frons; +G +, frontal vitta, fronto-orbital plate and compound eye: microtrichia and setae; +H +, parafacial and compound eye: microtrichia; +I +, epistome, microtrichia; +J +, gena, microtrichia. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.) + + + + +FIGURE 16. + +Aspistomella duo + + +sp. nov. + +SEM views ♂. +A +, mesonotum (setae broken off); +B +, mesonotal setulae and microtrichia, enlarged; +C +, abdominal tergites, dorsal; +D +, abdominal setulae and microtrichia, enlarged; +E +, lobe of costal cell and pterostigma; +F +, microtrichia and spinulose setulae on costal vein; +G +, halter; +H +, base of halter, enlarged; +I +, fore tarsus and fore tibia, part; +J +, fore tarsus, apical tarsomere, claws and pulvilla; +K–L +, +O +, mid tarsus, dorsal, different magnifications; +M +, hind tarsus, apicoventral; +N +, mid tibia, apex, and mid basitarsus, basal part. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.) + + + + +FIGURE 17. + +Aspistomella duo + + +sp. nov. + +♂ genitalia. +A +, epandrium and hypandrium, posterior; +B +, same, lateral and left view; +C +, left surstylus, posterior; +D +, epandrium and cerci, posterodorsal; +E +, cerci, dorsal; +F +, hypandrium, anterior; +G +, pregonite, lateral; +H +, hypandrium, posterior; +I +, same, antero-ventral; +J +, ejaculatory apodeme; +K +, phallus. Scale bar same for +A +, +B +, +D +, +E +, +J +, +K +. + + + +Postabdomen +. Cerci short setulose, dorso-ventrally flattened and broadly fused, posteriorly very shallowly bilobate ( +Figs 17 D, E +). Epandrium short setulose, with setulae 3–6 × narrower than base of surstylus ( +Figs 17 A, B +). Each surstylus basally broad, gradually curved mesally, with a row of five shortened setulae on its mesal surface, two of which conspicuously thickened, but not strongly sclerotised ( +Fig. 17 A +). Pregonites symmetrical, slightly lobed, with 5 setulae ventro-mesally, conspicuously anterior to postgonites ( +Figs 17 F, G, I +). Postgonites rounded, with 5–6 small trichoid sensilla ( +Figs 17 F, H, I +). Phallus basally short microtrichose, apically with numerous lamellar cuticular sclerotisation, about +3.5 mm +long; in rest, coiled on right side of abdomen ( +Fig. 17 K +). + + +Female +: all taeniae 0.66× longer than eversible membrane ( +Fig. 18 B +); aculeus not flattened ( +Fig. 18 C +), with long setulose ovoid cercal unit and ( +Fig. 18 C +), +1.9 mm +long; 2 subglobose spermathecae ( +Fig. 18 A, E +). + + + +FIGURE 18. + +Aspistomella duo + + +sp. nov. + +♀. +A +, preabdomen, oviscape and spermathecae, ventral; +B +, eversible membrane; +C +, aculeus; +D +, cercal unit; +E +, spermathecae. + + + +Third instar larva. +General structure. Mature larva whitish, muscidiform, length +7.5–11.2 mm +(median: +8.45 mm +; n = 8), width +1.8–2.5 mm +(median: +2.4 mm +; n = 8), anteriorly conical, posteriorly rounded, broadest at caudal segment (or sometimes posterior end of abdominal segment VII), surface largely smooth except of spinules of the locomotory creeping welts on ventral abdominal segments I–VII and caudal segment, anterior spiracles fan-shaped, roundish spiracular discs dark, bearing three spiracular openings radiating in a sinuous line out from ecdysial scar. + + +Pseudocephalon +( +Figs 19 A–F +) flat ventrally, rounded dorsally, deep incision between cephalic lobes, ventral half of incision connected to oral cavity ( +Fig. 19 A +). Antenna three-segmented, located dorso-laterally on cephalic lobe near head apex; basal segment broad and round, second segment slightly conical when extended and surface covered by two finger-like extensions of the epidermis, apical segment conical with rounded apex (often collapsed in SEM specimens) ( +Figs 19 A–C, E +). Maxillary sense organs located on ventral side of cephalic lobes, maxillary palpus contains three papillary sensilla and two knob sensilla enclosed by an incomplete cuticular fold, dorsolateral group of sensilla contains two papillary sensilla ( +Fig. 19 F +). + + + +FIGURE 19. + +Aspistomella duo + + +sp. nov. + +, SEM views of pseudocephalon and thoracic segment I. +A +, pseudocephalon and anterior portion of thoracic segment I, ventral view; +B +, pseudocephalon and thoracic segment I, lateral view; +C +, cephalic lobes and oral cavity; +D +, labial lobe; +E +, antenna; +F +, maxillary sense organ. Abbreviations: ant—antenna, ceph l—cephalic lobe, dorsolat-s—dorsolateral sensilla, knob-s—knob sensillum, lal—labial lobe, la org—labial organ, max org—maxillary organ, mh—mouthhook, mol—median oral lobe, or rg—oral ridges, pap-s papillary sensillum, pit-s—pit sensillum, prot spn— prothoracic spinules. (All photos by Damir Kovac.) + + + +Mandibles completely smooth with flattened apices, separated from each other by two median oral lobes ( +Fig. 19 C +). Facial mask occupies flat ventral area of pseudocephalon as well as semicircular lateral area ( +Figs 19 A, B +). Central oral ridges adjacent to oral cavity wide, narrowing laterally, narrow part often interrupted by a single narrow gap. Additional short, narrow lateral oral ridges present in lateral semicircular area, protruding between the longer central oral ridges ( +Figs 19 A, B +). Oral ridges regularly dentate, teeth densely stacked, with rounded tips. Twenty-eight central oral ridges adjacent to oral cavity, identical on both sides of the body (n = +2 larvae +). Caudal region of oral cavity closed by labial lobe bearing two rounded indentations (labial organ, +Fig. 19 D +). Four pairs of pseudocephalic cuticular pit-sensilla, one pair between the antennae, one pair laterally on the cephalic lobes, one pair in the latero-caudal part of the oral ridges and one pair flanking the labial lobe ( +Figs 19 C, D +). + + +Cephalopharyngeal skeleton +( +Fig. 7 A +) total length = +1.6–1.7 mm +(n = 2). Base of mouthhooks dark brown with elongate, light brown window, long, thin, curved apical tooth lighter brown than base of mouthhook, indentation between tips of apical tooth and ventral apodeme 0.57–0.60× as deep as wide; neck well developed; preapical tooth absent; ventral apodeme large, ventrally oriented; dorsal apodeme oriented posterodorsally. Small dental sclerites visible. Hypopharyngeal sclerite 4.0–4.5× longer than high, anterior part dark brown, posterior part light brown. Hypopharyngeal bridge slightly anterior to the mid-length of the hypopharyngeal sclerite. Labial and epipharyngeal sclerites located between the anterior parts of the lateral plates of the hypopharyngeal sclerite. Parastomal bars light brown, slightly curved, about as long as hypopharyngeal sclerite. Pharyngeal sclerite light brown, darker brown in area of tentorial phragma, dorsal bridge, ventral bridge and connection of dorsal and ventral cornua; dorsal and ventral cornua hyaline to light brown, nearly equal length, ventral part of pharyngeal sclerite with cibarial ridges. Dorsal and ventral bridges distinctly protruding. Anterior sclerite absent. + + +Thoracic segments I–III +. Paired anterior spiracles on thoracic segment I, each spiracle contains fan-shaped arranged tubules with slit-like openings at the apex ( +Figs 20 A, B +), 17–27 tubules per row (median = 20.5, n = 19 rows of tubules from +10 larvae +). The number of tubules on the sides of the same larva often differs by one to three tubules. The anterior margin of the first thoracic segment is covered with numerous rows of trumpet-shaped bristles, except on the dorsal part ( +Figs 20 A, C +). Paired rudimentary spiracular openings laterally on third thoracic segment ( +Figs 20 I +, +8 A +). + + +The first thoracic segment bears 14 cuticular sensilla and the second and third thoracic segments bear 13 cuticular sensilla on each side of the body. Cuticular sensilla include pit-, papilla-, “hair”- and trifid (Keylin’s organ) sensilla ( +Figs 20 D–H +). Spatial pattern of thoracic cuticular sensilla as in +Fig. 8 A +. + + +Abdominal segments I–VII. Abdominal segments I–VII bear 13 cuticular sensilla on each side of the body and a pair of rudimentary lateral spiracles (as in +Fig. 8 A +). Creeping welts of abdominal segments I–VII (CW1–7) consist of several rows of pointed, more or less curved and symmetrical to asymmetrical spinules, the row pattern varies between different abdominal segments. CW1 ( +Fig. 21 A +): three rows of spinules of approximately equal size, first and third row continuous, middle row consists of short, slightly curved row parts shifted relative to each other. All spinules directed posteriorly. CW2 ( +Fig. 21 B +): Two discontinuous or incomplete rows (rows b) followed by a continuous central row (row c); below that short rows with large spinules placed on raised ridges (rows d) arranged as follows: two short horizontal central rows, each consisting of two groups of large spinules each, seven to nine large spinules in each group, between them ca. three large spinules, horizontal central rows laterally flanked by six inclined curved rows angled to the body midline with spinules becoming smaller towards the midline, posterior row of creeping welt (row e) with continuous small spinules; all spinules of abdominal segment II directed posteriorly. CW3 +– +CW7 ( +Fig. 21 C +): similar to CW2, but additional anterior row (row a) with anteriorly directed spinules, all other spinules directed posteriorly. The inset in +Fig. 21 C +shows that large spinules in row d form only a single row, but sometimes there is a trace of a second row at the lateral edges of the two central parts on raised ridges ( +Fig. 9 I +, arrow). + + +Caudal segment +bearing 13 cuticular sensilla on each body side ( +Figs 21 E +, +8 B, C +). Caudal creeping welt CW8 similar in structure like CW3 +– +CW7, but the last row is arranged along the an terior margin of the perianal pad with anteriorly oriented spinules. Large bristles not as regularly distributed as in previous creeping welts, and oriented upward rather than posteriorly ( +Fig. 21 D +). + + + +FIGURE 20. + +Aspistomella duo + + +sp. nov. + +, SEM views of thoracic segment and associated cuticular sensilla. +A +, thoracic segment I, dorsal view, showing distribution of cuticular sensilla on the left side of the body; +B +, anterior spiracle; +C +, trumpet-shaped spinules on anterior portion of thoracic segment I; +D +, cuticular sensilla s10–s12 on thoracic segment I; +E +, papillar-sensillum s9 on thoracic segment I; +F +, pit-sensillum s3 on thoracic segment I; +G +, trichoid-sensillum (s5) on thoracic segment I; +H +, Keilin’s organ on thoracic segment I, left side, occasionally with an indentation resembling a small pit sensillum (arrow); +I +, rudimentary spiracular opening on abdominal segment I. Abbreviations: ant spir—anterior spiracle, s7–s14—cuticular sensilla 7–14. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.) + + + + +FIGURE 21. + +Aspistomella duo + + +sp. nov. + +, SEM views of abdominal creeping welts ( +CW +) and caudal segment. +A +, creeping welt CW1 on abdominal segment I, ventral view; +B +, CW2 on abdominal segment II, ventral view; +C +, CW4 on abdominal segment IV, magnified area shows a single row of large spinules; +D +, CW8 on abdominal (caudal) segment VIII; +E +, caudal segment showing the spatial pattern of cuticular sensilla on the left side; +F +, anal slit; +G +, right posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: a–e—creeping welt rows a–e; an—anus; per pad—perianal pad; s1–s10—cuticular sensilla 1–10; sp hr 1–4—spiracular hair groups 1–4; sp sl 1–3—spiracular slits 1–3. (All photographs by Damir Kovac.) + + + +Posterior spiracles +( +Figs 9 A +, +21 G +) sclerotised, slightly elevated, oval-angular, length +0.4–0.5 mm +(median = 0.44, n = 12), width +0.36–0.48 mm +(median = 0.42, n = 12), shortest distance between spiracles +0.06–0.18 mm +(n = 19). Spiracular plate with roundish ecdysial scar and three very long spiracular slits meandering from area of the ecdysial scar to the edge of the spiracular plate in about 9–15 turns, terminal turns forming a large loop ending in a small roundish hook, large loop less pronounced in spiracular slit 1 ( +Fig. 21 G +); spiracles usually black (paler in newly molted larvae), but yellowish along spiracular slits, yellow area (stripe) gradually widening from ecdysial scar to edge of spiracular plate, becoming club-shaped at large terminal loop and with blurred margins ( +Fig. 9 A +). The spiracular slits are surrounded by four groups of bifurcate spiracular hairs that branch 2–3 times and end in acute tips ( +Fig. 21 G +). Most hair groups consist of central unbranched hair trunks and two outer branched hair trunks (i.e., two hair trunks originating from the same place), number of hairs as follows (n = 4 spiracles): Hair group 1: 7–8 hair trunks (double trunks count as one hair), Hair group 2: 1 double trunk, Hair group 3: 5–6 hair trunks, Hair group 4: 10–11 hair trunks; Hair groups 1, 3, and 4 located along the central parts of the spiracular slits, group 2 located between spiracular slits 1 and 2 and slightly closer to the center of the spiracle. The number of hairs on the right or left spiracle of the same specimen often differs. + + +Anal complex: perianal pad rectangular, anal hook at posterior end of anal slit with sharp points ( +Fig. 21 F +), spinules other than those of CW8 absent. + + +Puparium +( +Fig. 9 G +). Length +6–9.2 mm +; maximum width at abdominal segments 3 and 4 = +1.9–2.9 mm +(n = 3); reddish to reddish brown, darker at both ends; oblong, strongly tapering at anterior end, broad at posterior end; anterior spiracles, posterior spiracles and creeping welts as in third instar larva. + + + + +Etymology +. The species name means “two” in Latin and is used as a noun in apposition; it reflects the wing pattern, which resembles the number “2”. + + + + +Remarks +. + +Aspistomella duo + +larva differed from + +A. tres + +by having only one row of large spinules in the central part of rows d ( +Fig. 21 C +, see inset), whereas + +A. tres + +had a double row of spinules ( +Fig. 47 C +, see inset). The posterior spiracles of + +A. duo + +and + +A. tres + +were relatively similar, but in + +A. duo + +the yellow meandering line above the spiracular slits ended in a club-shaped structure with blurred margins ( +Fig. 9 A +), whereas in + +A. tres + +the widening of the yellow line was less pronounced and its edges remained distinct ( +Fig. 9 B +). Furthermore, the spiracular slits 1 and 2 of + +A. tres + +were usually symmetrical and the distance between the spiracles was much smaller than in + +A. duo + +(see sd/sw index, +Table 2 +). + + + + +Biology +. Adult + +Aspistomella duo + +were often seen walking up and down on the surface of upright bamboo stems of + +Guadua angustifolia +subsp. +chacoensis + +( +Figs 1 B, C +). Occasionally, they dabbed at the bamboo surface with their proboscis and spent particularly long periods feeding on plant wounds caused by saws or knives, for example on felled bamboo culms. When approached, the flies would retreat to the opposite side of the bamboo culm or fly away. + + +Larvae of + +Aspistomella duo + +inhabited water-filled bamboo internode cavities of young bamboo culms that had emerged during the previous bamboo shoot season ( +Fig. 1 D +). They used small holes made by moth larvae of +Crambidae +(Lepdidoptera, +Figs 1 E, F +) to enter the internodes. They were not found in older bamboo culms or in culms with large holes, possibly made by beetles (oval holes, about 6 × +3 mm +), woodpeckers (slit-like holes, about 10 × +3 mm +) or other animals. + +Each infested internode was inhabited by a single crambid larva and had only one entrance tunnel. The crambid larvae spanned a protective web inside the internode cavity and fed near the web on the surface layer of the inner bamboo wall. As they developed, the larvae gradually enlarged their entrance tunnel transforming it into an exit hole before pupating inside the internode. + +The culms of + +Guadua angustifolia + +were about +10 m +high (n = 2). Each infested culm contained several internodes punctured by +Crambidae +. The length of the infested internodes was +20–40 cm +(n = 3), the diameter was +9 cm +(n = 1) and the thickness of the bamboo walls was +17–40 mm +(n = 2). The crambid entrance tunnels were round and located in the upper half of the internodes ( +10.5–28 cm +above the internode base, n = 3). The outer diameter of the entrance tunnels ranged from +0.42 to 0.93 mm +(n = 5), the inner diameter from 1.64 to 3.93 (n = 4). Internodes inhabited by + +A. duo + +and other +Ulidiidae +were found at heights between 2.5 and +8.5 m +(n = 8). + + +Larvae of + +Aspistomella duo + +were easily identified in the field by their white colour, muscoid shape with a broad posterior end, and especially by the roundish black spiracles ( +Fig. 1 H, I +). In water-filled internodes, larvae remained on wet bamboo walls near the water surface, walked along the bottom of the internode while submerged, or floated with their posterior spiracles attached to the water surface ( +Fig. 1 G +). Larvae were positively buoyant and could quickly rise to the water surface to obtain fresh air. Floating larvae occasionally began to swim by vigorously bending their bodies up and down. When walking on land or submerged in water, the larvae constantly moved their mouthparts. In some cases, the internode cavities were dried up, causing the larvae to congregate at the bottom of the internode, where they formed a clump until the next rainfall ( +Fig. 1 H +). Mature larvae were able to jump and leave their internodes through the enlarged crambid holes to pupariate. The number of larvae inhabiting a single internode often exceeded 100 individuals, but sometimes they belonged to different + +Aspistomella + +or + +Ulivellia +species. + + + + +Aspistomella duo + +larvae shared their habitat with larvae of +Crambidae +, sometimes also with other +Ulidiidae +( + +A. tres + +, + +Ulivellia tenoris + +, + +U. arcuata + +), aquatic dipteran larvae of +Phoridae +, +Syrphidae +( +Fig. 1 I +), an unidentified pearshaped aquatic dipteran and terrestrial larvae of +Nitidulidae +( +Coleoptera +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/18/39/87/183987D1FF80F07A5828C079FBC0FF64.xml b/data/18/39/87/183987D1FF80F07A5828C079FBC0FF64.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a70e47ebaa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/18/39/87/183987D1FF80F07A5828C079FBC0FF64.xml @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ + + + +Large-scale integrative taxonomy of Swedish grass flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) reveals hitherto unknown complexity of a dark taxon + + + +Author + +Riccardi, Paula Raile + + + +Author + +Hartop, Emily + +text + + +Zoologica Scripta + + +2024 + +2024-05-20 + + +53 + + +5 + + +614 +631 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12663 + +journal article +10.1111/zsc.12663 +15089748 + + + + + +4.2.5 | Genus +Oscinimorpha +Lioy, 1864 + + + + + +Although males were not available for verification, the distinction between the species + +Oscinimorpha sordidissima +(Strobl) + +(Figure 5K) and + +O. minutissima +(Strobl) + +(Figure 5F1–2) was satisfactorily established using mouthparts morphology, which was in agreement with reclustering at a 3% threshold. Similarly, the distinction of. + + + +Incertella zuercheri + +(Figure 5S) from the remaining three species of + +Incertella + +used the ocellar triangle, frons and mouthparts morphology. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/18/39/87/183987D1FF81F0785B60C2E4FAE8F8E4.xml b/data/18/39/87/183987D1FF81F0785B60C2E4FAE8F8E4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..59bbb18b9cc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/18/39/87/183987D1FF81F0785B60C2E4FAE8F8E4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ + + + +Large-scale integrative taxonomy of Swedish grass flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) reveals hitherto unknown complexity of a dark taxon + + + +Author + +Riccardi, Paula Raile + + + +Author + +Hartop, Emily + +text + + +Zoologica Scripta + + +2024 + +2024-05-20 + + +53 + + +5 + + +614 +631 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12663 + +journal article +10.1111/zsc.12663 +15089748 + + + + +4.2.4 | Genus + +Incertella +Sabrosky, 1980 + + + + + +Four of the five species assigned to the genus + +Incertella +Sabrosky + +were initially grouped together in a single cluster. Although the cluster was flagged by LIT due to instability caused by the distance between + +I.albipalpis +(Meigen) + +(Figure 5T1–2) and + +I +. cf. +zuercheri +(Duda) + +(Figure 5S), the genetic distances between + +I.albipalpis + +(Figure 5T1–2), + +I.kerteszi +(Becker) + +(Figure 5U1–2) and + +I.nigrifrons +(Duda) + +(Figure 5V1–2) are minimal (0.32% threshold). For effectively splitting this cluster using morphology, the frons colour pattern and male cerci shape when available were used. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/18/39/87/183987D1FF83F07D5B60C601FB2AF9F6.xml b/data/18/39/87/183987D1FF83F07D5B60C601FB2AF9F6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..735d3d25deb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/18/39/87/183987D1FF83F07D5B60C601FB2AF9F6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,906 @@ + + + +Large-scale integrative taxonomy of Swedish grass flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) reveals hitherto unknown complexity of a dark taxon + + + +Author + +Riccardi, Paula Raile + + + +Author + +Hartop, Emily + +text + + +Zoologica Scripta + + +2024 + +2024-05-20 + + +53 + + +5 + + +614 +631 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12663 + +journal article +10.1111/zsc.12663 +15089748 + + + + +4.2.6 | Genus + +Oscinella +Becker, 1909 + + + + + +There are 23 species of + +Oscinella +Becker + +in the Palearctic region (von Tschirnhaus pers. comm.). Although this genus is fairly abundant across Europe, encompasses agricultural pests within the + +O. frit + +complex ( +Nartshuk & Andersson, 2013 +) and are addressed in thousands of publications, a taxonomic revision of its Palearctic species is still pending. +Nielsen (2014) +established four criteria to identify species of + +O. frit + +complex from Denmark. + + +In our dataset, 13 species of + +Oscinella + +were recognised, all originally grouped into a single molecular cluster (Figure 6). As expected, this cluster posed several challenges, not only for the + +O. frit + +species complex described in the literature ( +Nartshuk & Andersson, 2013 +). Seven of the 13 species were separated reclustering at a 3% threshold ( + +O. maura +(Fállen) + +, + +O.pusila +(Meigen) + +, + +O. vindicata +(Meigen) + +, + +O. frit + +var. 1, + +O. frit + +var. 2, + +O. frit + +var. 5 and + +O +. cf. +cariciphila +Collin + +). However, the genetic boundaries between the other six species were less clear, with + +O. angularis + +and + +O. nitidissima +(Meigen) + +sharing the same haplotype. + + + +complex species + +trilineatum +Aphanotrigonum + +including 147 cluster of features morphological Diagnostic +2 E L B A T + + + +For the remaining four species of + +Oscinella + +, + +O.frit + +var. 3 and + +O. frit + +var. 6 were split at a 0.96% threshold. The only haplotype assigned to + +O +. cf. +nigerrima +(Macquart) + +and the five haplotypes of + +O. frit + +var. 4 were studied in detail. Despite the male terminalia morphology being a useful tool for species recognition within +Chloropidae +, small variations in the surstylus width and pilosity, cercus shape and surface and phallic complex among the five haplotypes verified were not conclusive for establishing reliable species boundaries within + +O. frit + +var. 4. Certainly, additional genomic markers allied to three-dimensional imaging techniques of complex morphological features can provide additional evidence for resolving further the + +Oscinella frit + +species conundrum. The diagnostic features of the + +Oscinella +species + +are outlined in Table 3. + + +The above criteria related to the gena width, arista ratio and tibia colour proposed by +Nielsen (2014) +were less informative than the femoral organ and male terminalia to identify the species from the + +O. frit + +complex. Additionally, the species + +O. frit + +var. 2 have the fore femur notably enlarged as a diagnostic feature. Although the species + +O. frit + +. var. 5 and var. 6 share the femoral organ covered with spine-like setulae, there are differences in the ocellar triangle length and setulae coverage. Furthermore, they did not appear as directly related in the haplotype network; therefore, they were considered as separate species. + + + + +T A B L E 3 +Diagnostic morphological features of cluster 156 including + +Oscinella frit + +species complex + + + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Cluster 156 + +Arista + +2nd:3rd aristomere ratio + +Gena + +Scutum + +Anepisternum + +Mid tibia + +Femoral organ + +Surstylus + +Cercus in profile + +Phallapodeme in profile +
+ +O +. cf. +angularis + +; Figure 6G1–3 +Black; dense pilosity1:2NarrowDustedShinyBlack with tips yellow5 warts; no dark spotRegular height; setae in the base indistinctCirca 2× longer than highBasal apex with a dorsal round projection
+ +O +. +cariciphila + +; Figure 6D1–3 +Black; sparse pilosity0.9:1.6NarrowDustedDusted dorsallyDark yellow6 warts; no dark spotRegular height; 2–3 long setae in the baseLess than 2× longer than highBasal apex slightly enlarged
+ +O.maura + +; Figure 6C1–3 +Pale; dense pilosity1:1.7RegularDustedDusted dorsallyBlack6 warts; with a dark spotRegular height; 2–3 long setae in the baseCirca 2× longer than highBasal apex with a dorsal round projection
+ +O.nitidissima + +; Figure 6F1–3 +Black; sparse pilosity0.7:2.3NarrowShinyShinyYellow with a black ring7 warts; no dark spotRegular height; setae in the base indistinctLess than 2× longer than highBasal apex slightly enlarged
+ +O.pusila + +; Figure 6A1–3 +Black; sparse pilosity1:2.2Regular/largeDustedDusted dorsallyYellow5 warts; no dark spotRegular height; circa 6 long setae in the baseLess than 2× longer than highBasal apex with a dorsal acute projection
+ +O.vindicata + +; Figure 6E1–3 +Black; sparse pilosity1:2RegularDustedShinyYellow with a black ring7 warts; no dark spotRegular height; 3–4 long setae in the baseLess than 2× longer than highBasal apex with a dorsal round projection
+ +O +. cf. +nigerrima + +; Figure 6M1–3 +Black; sparse pilosity1:1.7RegularDustedDusted dorsallyBlack10 warts; with a dark spotNarrow height; 2–3 long setae in the baseCirca 2× longer than highBasal apex with a dorsal round projection
+ +O.frit + +var.1; Figure 6K1–3 +Black; sparse pilosity1:1.6RegularDustedDusted dorsallyBlack with tips yellow6 warts; no dark spotRegular height; 2–3 long setae in the baseCirca 2× longer than highBasal apex bent
+ +O.frit + +var.2; Figure 6J1–3 +Black; sparse pilosity1:2.5Regular/largeDustedDusted dorsallyBlack with tips yellow6 warts; no dark spotRegular height; 2–3 long setae in the baseLess than 2× longer than highBasal apex slightly enlarged
+ +O.frit + +var.3; Figure 6I1–3 +Black; sparse pilosity1:1.8NarrowDustedDusted dorsallyBlack with tips dark yellow6 warts; no dark spot; proximal wart covered with setulaeRegular height; 2–3 long setae in the baseCirca 2× longer than highBasal apex slightly enlarged
+ +O.frit + +var.4; Figure 6L1–3 +Black; sparse pilosity0.9:1.6RegularDustedDusted dorsallyBlack with tips dark yellow6–7 warts; with a dark spotNarrow height; 2–3 long setae in the baseCirca 2× longer than highBasal apex not enlarged
+ +O.frit + +var.5; Figure 6B1–3 +Black; sparse pilosity1:1.3RDustedDusted dorsallyBlack with tips dark yellow5 warts; surface covered with spinelike setulaeRegular height; 2–3 long setae in the baseCirca 2× longer than highBasal apex with a dorsal round projection
+ +O.frit + +var.6; Figure 6H1–2 +Arista brokenArista brokenRegularBustedBusted dorsallyBlack with tips yellow5 warts; surface covered with spinelike setulaeRegular height; 2–3 long setae in the baseCirca 2× longer than highBasal apex with a dorsal round projection
+ + + + +4.3 | +Distribution + + + +4.3.1 | +Biogeographic regions + + +According to +Nartshuk and Andersson (2013) +, adults of +Chloropidae +are mostly found from June to September in Fennoscandia, this influenced the time frame chosen for the data sampling. The sampled localities with highest abundance of chloropids from June to August of 2004 were Tyresta (site 2; 705 specimens; bog), Marma skjutfält (site 6; 545 specimens; dry meadow with birch), Drakamöllan (site 38; 522 specimens; common bent heath), Gamla Skogsby (site 22; 493 specimens; meadow with shrub vegetation), Nötmyran (site 11; 415 specimens; hay meadow), representing grassland ecosystems (Figure 2) across Boreal, Boreonemoral and Nemoral biogeographic regions (Figure 1). Similarly, the localities with the highest number of species verified were: Nötmyran (site 11; 29 species), Marma skjutfält (site 6; 21 species), Gamla Skogsby (site 22; 21 species), Tyresta (site 2; 18 species) and Drakamöllan (site 38; 18 species). These results agree with +Nartshuk and Andersson's (2013) +statement that meadows abundant in grasses, sedges and reeds, which serve as the primary host plants for the majority of species, appear to have the greatest abundance and diversity of chloropids. + +With a large gap in abundance, the 10 remaining localities accounted for less than 100 specimens each (Figure 2) with only the locality Kronmyran (site 53; 45 specimens; bog) representing a grassland environment in the northeast Boreal region. Therefore, our data suggest that the higher abundance of chloropids seems to be related to Swedish grassland ecosystems located across biogeographic regions. +4.3.2 +| + +Geographic range + + +The distribution of the verified clusters revealed that 29 species (almost half of the species diversity) were reported from just a single locality each. Conversely, + +Tricimba cincta + +was found to be the most widespread species, recorded in 13 of the sampled localities. Following closely were + +Oscinella frit + +var. 4 in eight localities, + +Oscinella frit + +var. 5 in seven localities and + +Hapleginella laevifrons + +in six localities. Although our results on the abundance and species diversity of +Chloropidae +improve the distribution of this lineage in Sweden, our findings should be interpreted with caution due to temporal and spatial limitations of our sampling. + + +Previous identifications of +Chloropidae +collected by the SMTP project available from the GBIF database include a total of 231 occurrences of 53 described species and 25 genera (Karlsson, Ronquist, & Holston, 2020; https://doi. org/10.15468/dl.ucns52). Similar to our results, + +Tricimba cincta + +was the most widespread species, recorded in 25 localities, followed by + +Oscinella frit + +recorded in 18 localities throughout Sweden. Although + +Hapleginella laevifrons + +has only four occurrences in GBIF, the sites are located in the Boreal, Boreonemoral and Nemoral biogeographic regions. The variation in feeding habits of these widespread +Chloropidae +species, as the exceptionally diverse feeding strategies of + +Tricimba cincta + +larvae, ranging from cereals to meat baits, and the extensive host range of over 60 grass species recorded for + +Oscinella frit + +larvae, may provide an explanation for the results found in our study and the data available in the GBIF database. Furthermore, + +Hapleginella laevifrons + +larvae act as secondary invaders in the cones of various coniferous trees ( +Nartshuk & Andersson, 2013 +). + + + + +4.3.3 | +New records + + +Our findings include two rare species that were not previously documented in the GBIF database, and our records have contributed to a better understanding of their distribution range. + +Lasiosina albipila +(Loew) + +is newly recorded in the Province of Södermanland, and + +Chlorops +cf. +finitimus +Becker + +(if conspecific with + +C. finitimus + +) is new to Hälsingland. + + + +4.4 | +Genetic data + + + +Through the precise taxonomic assignment of 1371 specimens, this study revealed for the first time the COI barcodes of 22 described species of +Chloropidae +: + +Calamoncosis glyceriae +Nartshuk + +, + +C. halterata +Nartshuk & Andersson + +, + +Chlorops calceatus +Meigen + +, + +C.planifrons +Loew + +, + +C. scutellaris +(Zetterstedt) + +, + +Conioscinella frontella +(Fállen) + +, + +C. mimula +Collin + +, + +C. sordidella +(Zetterstedt) + +, + +Dicraeus tjederi +Nartshuk & Andersson + +, + +Elachiptera tuberculifera +(Corti) + +, + +Incertella albipalpis + +, + +I.antennata +(Collin) + +, + +I. kerteszi + +, + +I. nigrifrons + +, + +Oscinella angularis +Collin + +, + +O. cariciphila +Collin + +, + +O. vindicata + +, + +O. pusila + +, + +Rhopalopterum fasciola +(Meigen) + +, + +Trachysiphonella scutellata +(Roser) + +, + +Tricimba cinta + +and + +T. lineela +(Fállen) + +. + + +The identity of the clusters was compared using BLAST against the NCBI-nt database. Sequences for + +Cetema elongatum +(Meigen) + +, + +Pseudopachychaeta ruficeps +(Zetterstedt) + +, + +Siphonella oscinina + +, + +Thaumatomyia notata + +and + +Aphanotrigonum nigripes +(Zetterstedt) + +were already available in public databases and confirmed by our results. + +Several potential complications were revealed by the blast results. Eight species had>97% match with Nearctic species of grass flies and two species exhibited>95% match with Nearctic and Oriental species (Table 4). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Distribution Nearctic Nearctic NearcticNearctic OrientalNearctic
BIN BOLD: AAP 3664 BOLD: AAG 1518 BOLD: AAH 4164BOLD: AAG 1523 —BOLD: ABA 7838
+Public database taxon (accession number) + +Chlorops +subniger + +(JF 873901.1; GenBank) + +Dasyopa triangulata +(JN 291720.1; GenBank) +Elachiptera decipiens (KR 523465.1; GenBank + +) +Rhopalopterum + +soror (JN 290875.1; GenBank) +Pseudogaurax sexnotatus + +(MK 541947; GenBank) +Hapleginella conicola +(CCDB- 21328- F 04; BOLD) +
Query cover 100 100 100100 100100
Percent identity 100 99.68 99.43 – 98.2897.44– 96.78 95.2295.21
Distribution Palearctic Palearctic PalearcticPalearctic PalearcticPalearctic
+SMTP taxon + +Chlorops +scutellaris + + + +Trachysiphonella +scutellata + +Elachiptera cornuta + +var. 1 – 2 (cluster 149) + +Incertella +multispecies (cluster 151) +Tricimba atipica + +Hapleginella laevifrons +
+ + +For these six cases (Table 4), the examination of the database species images revealed that the Nearctic and Oriental species are not conspecific with the correspondent Swedish taxon. The erroneous matches in the BLAST results for + +Trachysiphonella + +and + +Incertella + +reveal issues related to the problematic taxonomy of +Oscinellinae +genera. + +Trachysiphonella + +lacks tribal classification, and it is not found in the Nearctic region, while + +Dasyopa + +belongs to the +Liparaini +tribe and it is restricted to the Americas ( +Nartshuk, 2012 +; Riccardi pers. comm.). Although both genera have yellow pruinose species with wide gena, their suprageneric relationships, as of most +Oscinellinae +genera, remain unexplored using explicit phylogenetic methods. + + +The genus + +Incertella + +belongs to the tribe +Incertellini +and + +Rhopalopterum + +to the tribe +Oscinisomatini +, with both genera occurring in the Nearctic and Palearctic regions ( +Nartshuk, 2012 +). Of the five + +Incertella +species + +identified, three displayed extremely low interspecific genetic distance (0.32% threshold). Such closely related species of + +Incertella + +could also account for the incorrect match with + +Rhopalopterum + +, as there are longstanding problems with the generic delimitation and species composition of these two genera. Moreover, the taxonomy of both +Oscinellinae +genera has not been thoroughly addressed on a global scale. + + +. database NCBI-nt the against taxa SMTP of) match % 95> (results BLAST Conflicting 4 E L B A T + + +Most of the species in our dataset were best recovered at a 3% clustering threshold. Nevertheless, the intraspecific genetic diversity ranged from 5% (e.g., + +Siphonella oscinina + +and + +Trachysiphonella scutellata + +) to 0% (between + +Oscinella angularis + +and + +O. nitidissima +) + +revealing the limitations of COI minibarcodes to correctly assign species and confirming integrative taxonomy as essential. + +Additionally, we compared our DNA barcode sequences to the 1955 chloropid barcodes from 15 European countries that were found in the BOLD Systems public database that had at least a 300 bp overlap with our minibarcodes (Supplementary material S4). The BOLD sequences were aligned and BLAST searches were conducted using our SMTP database as a query and>96% similarity as our threshold. Only eight of the SMTP species had matching sequences in BOLD from three countries (Table 5), with the striking majority of sequences being from Germany. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/DD/63/F2/DD63F2B696CD5C12BA1455760FACDCB5.xml b/data/DD/63/F2/DD63F2B696CD5C12BA1455760FACDCB5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..15c9e4352af --- /dev/null +++ b/data/DD/63/F2/DD63F2B696CD5C12BA1455760FACDCB5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,616 @@ + + + +Description of a new cave-dwelling species of Claea (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) from the Yangtze River basin in Sichuan, southern China + + + +Author + +Lei, Hao-Tian +https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5166-6614 +College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China + + + +Author + +He, Li +0000-0002-4597-3442 +State Grid Tianfu New Area Electric Power Supply Company, Chengdu 610094, Sichuan, China & Sichuan Cave Exploration Team, No. 66, 5 th Shuangcheng Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu 610051, Sichuan, China + + + +Author + +Huang, Jun-Hao +The Museum of Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China + + + +Author + +Zhou, Jia-Jun +0000-0003-1038-1540 +Zhejiang Forest Resource Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China & Zhejiang Forestry Survey Planning and Design Company Limited, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China + + + +Author + +He, De-Kui +0000-0002-4001-826X +The Museum of Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China + +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution + + +2025 + +2025-03-26 + + +101 + + +2 + + +681 +695 + + + +journal article +308814 +10.3897/zse.101.146469 +65e4ff6c-a4c0-41b2-9210-df30395522a6 +DA08B820-ACC8-4F3D-B098-E446674360C4 + + + + + +Claea scet + +sp. nov. + + + + + +Holotype +. + + + + +• + +IHB +202305300005 + +, +51.3 mm +SL +; +a subterranean tributary of the Dadu River in the Yangtze River drainage in Taojin Cave +, +Shiqianggou +, +Hulu Town +, +Shawan District +, +Leshan City +, +Sichuan Province +, +China +( + +29°30'2"N +, 103°63'6"E + +; + +570 m + +elevation); collected by +Li He +& +Ze-Yu Li +, + +28. V. 2023 + +. + + + + +Paratypes +. + + + +• + + +IHB +202305300001 + +–202305300004, + +IHB +202305300006 + +–202305300009, 8, +43.1–56.4 mm +SL +; other data same as holotype + +; • + + +IHB +202305300010 + +–202305300016, 7, +34.2–58.9 mm +SL +; same locality as holotype, collected by +Yuan Li +& +Ze-Yu Li +, + +VI- 16-2024 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +C. scet + +resembles all known species of + +Claea + +in possessing a processus dentiformis at the medium of the upper jaw, absence of tubercle-bearing, elevated skin on the sides of the head and a thickened tuberculated pad on the dorsal surface of the thickened and widened rays of the pectoral fin in males, absence of adipose crest between dorsal fin and caudal fin base, body scaleless, and absence of supra-pelvic flap, all of which are diagnostic features of + +Claea + +. + +C. scet + +can be distinguished from + +C. dabryi + +, + +C. minibarba + +and + +C. wulongensis + +by the combination of the following characters (see Table +2 +): Processus dentiformis reduced, not covering lower jaw when mouth shut; eye vestigial, diameter of eye 3.8–5.9 % +SL +; short anal fin, anal fin height 7.0–8.4 % +SL +. + +C. scet + +is further distinguished from + +C. dabryi + +by shorter maxillary barbels (22.4–27.5 % +SL +vs. +29.8–47.4 % +SL +) and shorter outer rostral barbels (23.0–29.8 % +SL +vs. +30.2–47.5 % +SL +). + +C. scet + +is further distinguished from + +C. minibarba + +by a more depressed body (body depth 10.1–13.5 % +SL +vs. +14.7–17.6 % +SL +), a more posteriorly situated pelvic fin (prepelvic length 51.7–56.0 % +SL +vs. +47.7–50.6 % +SL +), a longer pectoral fin (17.6–20.2 % +SL +vs. +15.0–17.6 % +SL +), a shallower caudal peduncle (5.5–8.5 % +SL +vs. +9.5–11.7 % +SL +) and a more elongated head (head depth 41.4–46.5 % +HL +vs. +55.5–59.4 % +HL +and head width 52.3–60.3 % +HL +vs. +61.5–68.0 % +HL +). + +C. scet + +is further distinguished from + +C. wulongensis + +by a more posteriorly situated pelvic fin (prepelvic length 51.7–56.0 % +SL +vs. +48.3–50.9 % +SL +), a longer anal fin base (8.4–9.6 % +SL +vs. +6.6–8.2 % +SL +), more closely situated eyes (interorbital length 23.5–31.9 % +HL +vs. +38.5–43.1 % +HL +). + + + + +Description. + + +Morphometric data for +16 type +specimens of + +C. scet + +are provided in Suppl. material +1 +. Juvenile individuals with a standard length ( +SL +) of less than +40 mm +were excluded from morphological comparisons with congeners (Table +2 +). The general body profile is illustrated in Fig. +1 +. The body is elongated, subcylindrical anteriorly, and laterally compressed posteriorly. The dorsal profile of the head is nearly straight, while the dorsal profile of the body is convex. The ventral profile is almost straight from the snout tip to the anal fin origin, with a slight concavity posterior to the anal fin origin. The greatest body depth occurs anterior to the dorsal fin origin, gradually decreasing toward the caudal fin base. The body is entirely scaleless and smooth, with a complete and straight lateral line. The cephalic lateral line system comprises 3 + 8 infraorbital, 6 supraorbital, 3 supratemporal, and 10 preopercular-mandibular pores (Fig. +2 +). + + + + + + +Morphological characters of holotype, +IHB +202305300005 of + +Claea scet + +sp. nov. +in preservative (10 % formalin). +A. +Lateral view; +B. +Dorsal view; +C. +Ventral view + + + + + + + +Detailed cephalic morphology of holotype, +IHB +202305300005 of + +Claea scet + +sp. nov. +A. +Dorsal side view of head; +B. +Frontal view of head, processus dentiformis shown by a red arrow; +C. +Lateral sideview of head, and +D. +Ventral side view of head (Cephalic lateral line system highlighted as green dots). + + + +The head is moderately depressed, longer than wide, and wider than deep. The snout is pointed, with a snout length measuring 38.1–44.7 % of the head length ( +HL +). The eyes are reduced, with a diameter of 3.8–5.9 % +HL +, and are positioned dorsolaterally on the head. Both anterior and posterior nostrils are closely situated; the anterior nostril is housed in a short tube with an elongated, tube-like tip that does not reach the anterior margin of the eye. The mouth is inferior and curved, with thin lips exhibiting shallow surface furrows. The upper lip is complete and connected to the lower lip at the corners of the mouth. The lower lip features a distinct V-shaped median incision. The upper and lower jaws are arched, with a weakly developed processus dentiformis on the upper jaw compared to congeners (Figs +2 +, +3 +), not covering the lower jaw when mouth is shut. Three pairs of barbels are present: two pairs of rostral barbels (the inner pair not reaching the corner of the mouth, and the outer pair slightly longer than the inner pair) and one pair of maxillary barbels, which extend to the posterior margin of the eye when fully extended (Fig. +2 +). + + + + + + +Comparison of processus dentiformis of different + +Claea + +. spp. +A. + +C. scet + +, 51.28 mm +SL +, +IHB +202305300005; +B. + +C. dabryi + +98.35 mm +SL +, +IHB +81 VII 2537; +C. + +C. minibarba + +, 62.31 mm +SL +, +IHB +202204288315. + + + +Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8 (n = 12) or 9 (n = 4) branched fin rays, origin behind mid-point between snout tip and caudal-fin base and posterior to the pelvic fin origin, distal margin truncate, length of dorsal fin greater than body depth. Pelvic fins with 1 simple and 5 (n = 1) or 6 (n = 15) branched fin rays, origin closer to anal fin origin than pectoral fin origin, tips of pelvic fins not reaching anus. Pectoral fins with 1 simple and 10 branched fin rays, extending beyond the halfway to pelvic-fin origin. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5 (n = 7) or 6 (n = 8) branched fin rays, origin closer to pelvic-fin insertion than to caudal fin base. Caudal fin forked, with 2 simple and 16 branched fin rays, the upper lobe slightly longer than the lower (Figs +1 +, +6 +). + + +Intestine short, without bend or loops immediately posterior to stomach. Bony capsule of the air bladder large and thin, dumbbell-shaped, (Fig. +5 +), posterior chamber of air bladder degenerated. Vertebrae 4 + 38 (Fig. +4 +). + + + + + + +Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the micro- +CT +graph of the skeleton of holotype +IHB +202305300005 of + +Claea scet + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +Dorsal and lateral profile of Bony capsule of the air bladder. + + + + +Coloration. + + +In their natural subterranean aquatic habitats, live specimens exhibit a general body coloration of light gray with a faint pinkish hue, accompanied by sparse pigmentation distributed laterally and dorsally. The ventral region is semi-transparent, while all fins appear hyaline. In specimens preserved in 10 % formalin, the body coloration transitions to light gray with a moderate yellowish tint, and pigmentation is observed to fade in some individuals (Figs +1 +, +6 +). + + + + + + + +Claea scet + +sp. nov. +in life, paratype +IHB +202305300009. Photo from Jiajun Zhou. + + + + + +Distribution. + + +This species is presently only known from a subterranean tributary of the Dadu River in the upper Yangtze River in Taojin Cave, Shiqianggou, Hulu Town, Shawan District, Leshan City, +Sichuan Province +, +China +(Figs +7 +, +9 +). + + + + + + +Taojin Cave, the type locality of + +Claea scet + +sp. nov. +and individuals of + +Claea scet + +sp. nov. +found in the cave. +A. +environs of the cave; +B. +Li He descending into the cave using SRT; +C. +Author collecting + +Claea scet + +sp. nov. +with hand-net; +D. +Author filming live image of + +Claea scet + +sp. nov. +; +E, F. +Individuals of + +Claea scet + +sp. nov. +resting on gravelly bottom of the subterranean river in Taojin. + + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific name + +“ +scet + +” is in reference to the abbreviation of +Sichuan +Cave Exploration Team, a cave exploration team who collected the type specimens, in recognition of their contributions to the understanding of cave fishes of +Sichuan Province +. “ 川洞山鳅 (Pinyin: Chuan Dong +Shan +Qiu) ” is proposed for the Chinese common name of this new species. + + + + +Field notes. + + +The Taojin Dolomite Cave, situated adjacent to a backroad in Shiqianggou, is characterized as a shaft-type cave with a broad entrance. Access to the cave is restricted to the Single Rope Technique (SRT) for descent. During the rainy season, elevated water levels render the cave inaccessible, while at other times, the interior remains humid with spacious tunnels. This species inhabits pools located within the deep dark zone of the cave, where environmental conditions during the survey period in +May 2023 +included an air temperature of 18–19 ° C and a water temperature of 15 ° C (Fig. +7 +). Other troglobites found inside the same cave were + +Jujiroa duqianae +Tian & He, 2023 + +( +Coleoptera +, +Carabidae +), + +Paratachys +sp. + +( +Coleoptera +, +Carabidae +), + +Domene lizeyui +Wang & He, 2024 + +( +Coleoptera +, +Staphylinidae +), + +Epanerchodus +sp. + +( +Polydesmida +, +Polydesmidae +), and + +Chetoneura +sp. + +( +Diptera +, +Keroplatidae +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file