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<mods:title id="98F558B56C68799B3EDD3E11DA32DD5C">Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E5CAF081DAEC13D59F5990020F24BFFD">Jiang, Nan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2843EF9E3B728AA1E1BE65F510197439">Han, Hongxiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:classification id="6EAEB21DACCF817BA49EC0C68F75013C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D080717FCEB4A448556FCF0" blockId="12.[849,1384,831,856]" box="[849,1384,831,856]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
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<heading id="D09981C21D080717FCEB4A448556FCF0" box="[849,1384,831,856]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FCEB4A448474FCF0" ID-CoL="93P48" box="[849,1098,832,855]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FCEB4A448474FCF0" box="[849,1098,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">PACHYODES-COMPLEX</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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</taxonomicName>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D080717FBE84A478455FCF0" baselines="850" box="[1106,1131,835,855]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="in" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">IN</smallCapsWord>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FBC84A3B8506FCF0" box="[1138,1336,831,856]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D080717FBC84A3B8506FCF0" baselines="850,850" box="[1138,1336,831,856]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Pseudoterpnini" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">PSEUDOTERPNINI</smallCapsWord>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FA854A478556FCF0" box="[1343,1384,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D080717FA854A478573FCF0" baselines="850" box="[1343,1357,835,855]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="s" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">S</smallCapsWord>
|
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.
|
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<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D080717FAEE4A40855CFCF1" baselines="849" box="[1364,1378,836,854]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="l" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">L</smallCapsWord>
|
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.
|
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37465251D080716FC934A6C8162FC1D" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="666" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D080717FC934A6C84AAFA63" blockId="12.[809,1426,872,1906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
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||||
In this study, many of the genera previously included within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC3B4A828402FC3B" box="[897,1084,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
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||||
in
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FBDD4A828571FC3B" author="Pitkin LM & Han HX & James S" box="[1127,1359,902,924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="343 - 412" refId="ref15614" refString="Pitkin LM, Han HX, James S. 2007. Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150: 343-412." type="journal article" year="2007">
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||||
Pitkin
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||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB064A8384C4FC3C" box="[1212,1274,902,924]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2007)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
form a separate clade:
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FBA64AA28485FC1C" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1893" box="[1052,1211,933,955]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Herochroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FBA64AA28485FC1C" box="[1052,1211,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Herochroma</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB6B4AA285B6FC1C" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[1233,1416,933,955]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Metallolophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB6B4AA285B6FC1C" box="[1233,1416,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Metallolophia</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC934AC083F1FC7E" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[809,975,964,985]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Actenochroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC934AC083F1FC7E" box="[809,975,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Actenochroma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC634AC08414FC7E" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1893" box="[985,1066,964,985]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Absala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC634AC08414FC7E" box="[985,1066,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Absala</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB8F4AC08482FC7E" authorityName="Yazaki" authorityYear="1992" box="[1077,1212,964,985]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Metaterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB8F4AC08482FC7E" box="[1077,1212,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Metaterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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,
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB7D4AC085B4FC7E" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1894" box="[1223,1418,964,985]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Limbatochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB7D4AC085B4FC7E" box="[1223,1418,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Limbatochlamys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC934AE68390FC50" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[809,942,994,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilotagma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC934AE68390FC50" box="[809,942,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Psilotagma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC074AE68425FC50" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1888" box="[957,1051,994,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dindica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC074AE68425FC50" box="[957,1051,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Dindica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB904AE68493FC50" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[1066,1197,994,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dindicodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB904AE68493FC50" box="[1066,1197,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Dindicodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB064AE68563FC50" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[1212,1373,994,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lophophelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB064AE68563FC50" box="[1212,1373,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Lophophelma</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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and
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<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC934D058395FBB1" box="[809,939,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC934D058399FBB1" box="[809,935,1025,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachyodes</taxonomicName>
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||||
.
|
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</emphasis>
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Although these genera are always clustered together and branch after the clade composed of Dysphaniini +
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC464D3A84BBFBF4" authority="Pseudoterpnini" authorityName="Pseudoterpnini" box="[1020,1157,1086,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xenozancla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
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||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC464D3A84BBFBF4" box="[1020,1157,1086,1107]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Xenozancla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB1F4D3A8560FBF3" box="[1189,1374,1086,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FADD4D3B85B4FBF3" box="[1383,1418,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957C71D080717FADD4D3B85B4FBF3" box="[1383,1418,1087,1108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, the support value is weak. They are also difficult to deliminate from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC414D788486FB35" box="[1019,1208,1148,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB784D7884D8FB36" box="[1218,1254,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||||
morphologically, as sharing many features, including: fairly large moth with a robust build, wings undersides usually with strong terminal bands; the socii/uncus complex often present; and valvae often divided into two parts (a costal lobe and a sacculus) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FAFC4C118388FAEE" author="Pitkin LM & Han HX & James S" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="343 - 412" refId="ref15614" refString="Pitkin LM, Han HX, James S. 2007. Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150: 343-412." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Pitkin
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC934C308356FAEE" box="[809,872,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Further research tends to separate
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC934C5683DBFACF" box="[809,997,1362,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC554C57842DFACF" box="[1007,1043,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||||
and these genera and studies, including more taxa, are needed. We tentatively treat these genera as a generic group,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FAB14C9483B5FA63" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pachyodescomplex</emphasis>
|
||||
, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC0C4CAA8455FA63" box="[950,1131,1454,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FBC94CAA84B3FA64" box="[1139,1165,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">s.l</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D080716FCFB4CCA824AFDEC" blockId="12.[809,1426,872,1906]" lastBlockId="13.[163,780,197,955]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="666" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
|
||||
In the
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC184CCA84A0FA44" box="[930,1182,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pachyodes-complex</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB0E4CCA856DFA44" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1893" box="[1204,1363,1485,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Herochroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB0E4CCA856DFA44" box="[1204,1363,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Herochroma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC934CE883D7F9A6" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[809,1001,1516,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Metallolophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC934CE883D7F9A6" box="[809,1001,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Metallolophia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are the two most basal genera. The close relationship between the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC934F2D83D1F999" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1894" box="[809,1007,1577,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Limbatochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC934F2D83D1F999" box="[809,1007,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Limbatochlamys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB974F2D848AF999" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[1069,1204,1577,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilotagma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB974F2D848AF999" box="[1069,1204,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Psilotagma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is fully supported and was first discovered in this study. Although these genera are very different externally, the male genitalia of both have a slender uncus and socii, and the female genitalia of both possess a short ductus bursae and a large concave corpus bursae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FA854FC78392F951" author="Han HX & Xue DY" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" refId="ref14310" refString="Han HX, Xue DY. 2011 a. Fauna sinica (Insecta vol. 54, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae). Beijing: Science Press [in Chinese with English abstract]." type="book" year="2011">Han & Xue 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 110–112, 143, 733, 734 and 755).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC934E048411F8B2" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[809,1071,1792,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphagnodela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC934E0483F4F8B2" box="[809,970,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Sphagnodela</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(not sampled in this study) probably belongs to this group, based on its similar uncus and socii.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC4A4E398471F8F5" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1888" box="[1008,1103,1853,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dindica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC4A4E398471F8F5" box="[1008,1103,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Dindica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FBE74E3984DFF8F5" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[1117,1249,1853,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dindicodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FBE74E3984DFF8F5" box="[1117,1249,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Dindicodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB4A4E3985AFF8F5" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[1264,1425,1853,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lophophelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB4A4E3985AFF8F5" box="[1264,1425,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Lophophelma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FCE14E5883ECF8D6" box="[859,978,1884,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FCE14E5883ECF8D6" box="[859,978,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pachyodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form a monophyletic group within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF1949C18124FF7D" box="[163,282,197,218]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF1949C18124FF7D" box="[163,282,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Pachyodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-complex. This relationship was first found in this study. These genera are mainly characterized by the presence of a bifid uncus and usually a divided valva in the male genitalia. The sister relationship between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FEC8484481FCFEF2" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1893" box="[370,450,320,341]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Absala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FEC8484481FCFEF2" box="[370,450,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Absala</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FE474844829FFEF2" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[509,673,320,341]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Actenochroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FE474844829FFEF2" box="[509,673,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Actenochroma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was also established here. It is possible that the monotypic genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF464879815FFE35" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[252,353,381,402]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF464879815FFE35" box="[252,353,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Pachista</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FE24487982ACFE34" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[414,658,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Calleremites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FE244879820CFE35" box="[414,562,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Calleremites</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(not sampled in this study) also belong to this generic group, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF7C48BE8160FE68" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[198,350,442,463]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Calleremites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF7C48BE8160FE68" box="[198,350,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Calleremites</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shares the presence of both uncus and socii with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FED348DD8222FE49" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[361,540,473,494]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Actenochroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FED348DD8222FE49" box="[361,540,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Actenochroma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FD8A48DD833DFE49" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1894" box="[560,771,473,494]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Limbatochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FD8A48DD833DFE49" box="[560,771,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Limbatochlamys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF1948FC810EFDAA" authorityName="Yazaki" authorityYear="1992" box="[163,304,504,525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Metaterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF1948FC810EFDAA" box="[163,304,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Metaterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FEC848FC81C3FDAA" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[370,509,504,525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilotagma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FEC848FC81C3FDAA" box="[370,509,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Psilotagma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FDFC48FC8291FDAA" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[582,687,504,525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FDFC48FC8291FDAA" box="[582,687,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Pachista</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shares divided costal and saccular lobes with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FD3D4B12833AFD8C" box="[647,772,534,555]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FD3D4B12833AFD8C" box="[647,772,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Pachyodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF194B31817BFDED" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[163,325,565,586]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Metallolophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF194B31817BFDED" box="[163,325,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Metallolophia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FEE94B31818EFDED" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1888" box="[339,432,565,586]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dindica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FEE94B31818EFDED" box="[339,432,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Dindica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FE514B318252FDED" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[491,620,565,586]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dindicodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FE514B318252FDED" box="[491,620,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Dindicodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D090716FF014B508162FC1D" blockId="13.[163,780,197,955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">
|
||||
The monophyly of most genera is fully supported, except for that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FEC04B768225FD20" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[378,539,626,647]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lophophelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FEC04B768225FD20" box="[378,539,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Lophophelma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is paraphyletic, as two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FE0D4B95820DFD01" box="[439,563,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FE0D4B95820DFD01" box="[439,563,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Pachyodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54D5880C1D090716FDFF4B958244FD01" box="[581,634,657,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species not sampled) are nested within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FE554BB482B1FD62" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[495,655,688,709]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lophophelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FE554BB482B1FD62" box="[495,655,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Lophophelma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The male genitalia of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FE884BCA81ECFD44" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[306,466,718,739]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lophophelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FE884BCA81ECFD44" box="[306,466,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Lophophelma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
vary between species and are quite different from those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FD824BE9828DFCA5" box="[568,691,749,770]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FD824BE9828DFCA5" box="[568,691,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Pachyodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which are characterized by a valva divided into two large lobes of similar length or with the costal lobe a little shorter. Further study, including the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54D5880C1D090716FDE54A4E82ACFCF8" box="[607,658,842,863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species of both genera and more species, is needed to resolve the monophyly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FEC24A828226FC3C" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[376,536,902,923]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lophophelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FEC24A828226FC3C" box="[376,536,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Lophophelma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and its relationship with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF644AA18162FC1D" box="[222,348,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF644AA18169FC1D" box="[222,343,933,954]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachyodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
160
data/03/C7/87/03C787B81D090716FE944D048159F8FC.xml
Normal file
160
data/03/C7/87/03C787B81D090716FE944D048159F8FC.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="BD0276BBFCB9D8721120B1B8CE084DEB">Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="83B5225095B3D2AD45A38B3967F1F62D">Jiang, Nan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28B1D778334F54B17A924A6D8A91EF9D">Cheng, Rui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1931AC43EF885EA3300A2D8B0B6333DC">Xue, Dayong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1E275D09F33B3D171DAA5C629B070DD4">Han, Hongxiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AE806D6376283A565FF38D27116D1DA5">2018</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D090716FE944D048241FBB0" blockId="13.[302,639,1023,1048]" box="[302,639,1023,1048]" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FE944D048241FBB0" ID-CoL="9259Y" authority="WARREN" authorityName="WARREN" box="[302,639,1023,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FE944D04822BFBB0" box="[302,533,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">CHLORODONTOPERA</emphasis>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D090716FDA14AFB8241FBB0" baselines="1042,1042" box="[539,639,1023,1048]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Warren" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">WARREN</smallCapsWord>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D090716FF194D2C8159F8FC" blockId="13.[163,780,1064,1883]" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">
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The genus
|
||||
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<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FEA44D2C81E4FB9A" box="[286,474,1064,1085]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is characterized by the following characters: both fore- and hindwings have large, rounded discal spots, which are larger on the hindwing; a dull reddish-brown patch is present between the discal spot and the costa on the hindwing; in the male genitalia, the socii are stout and setose and the lateral arms of the gnathos are developed, not joined; sternite 3 of the male has setal patches; and veins M 3 and CuA 1 are unstalked on the hindwing.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D090716FE6C4C1A825CFA94" author="Inoue H" box="[470,610,1309,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14826" refString="Inoue H. 1961. Lepidoptera: Geometridae. Insecta Japonica 4: 1-106, Tokyo: Hokuryukan." type="journal article" year="1961">Inoue (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggested that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF194C388159FAF6" box="[163,359,1340,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF194C388159FAF6" box="[163,359,1340,1361]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is more or less related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FD1A4C38833AFAF6" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1878" box="[672,772,1340,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aracima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FD1A4C38833AFAF6" box="[672,772,1340,1361]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Aracima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but he hesitated to place it in the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FD364C5E8338FAD7" box="[652,774,1370,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aracimini">Aracimini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF194C7D8160FA29" box="[163,350,1401,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF194C7D8160FA29" box="[163,350,1401,1422]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was placed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FE434C7D8255FA28" box="[505,619,1401,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D090716FD344C7E80D5FA09" author="Hausmann A" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" pagination="3 - 90" refId="ref14453" refString="Hausmann A. 1996. The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries. Nota Lepidopterologica 19: 3-90." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausmann (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FEFE4C9C8189FA09" box="[324,439,1432,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aracimini">Aracimini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D090716FE584C9C82A0FA09" author="Holloway JD" box="[482,670,1432,1454]" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, followed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D090716FF7E4CB381A0FA6B" author="Han HX & Xue DY" box="[196,414,1463,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" refId="ref14310" refString="Han HX, Xue DY. 2011 a. Fauna sinica (Insecta vol. 54, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae). Beijing: Science Press [in Chinese with English abstract]." type="book" year="2011">Han & Xue (2011a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D090716FE114CB3820EFA6B" author="Prout LB" box="[427,560,1463,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" refId="ref15757" refString="Prout LB. 1920 - 41. The Indoaustralian Geometridae. In: Seitz A, ed. The macrolepidoptera of the world 12. Stuttgart: Verlag A. Kernen." type="book" year="1920">Prout (1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
–41) referred to the similar morphological characters of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FDF34CD18335FA4D" box="[585,779,1493,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FDF34CD18335FA4D" box="[585,779,1493,1514]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF6F4CF082ABF9AD" authority="Warren. Later, Holloway (1996)" authorityName="Warren. Later, Holloway" authorityYear="1996" box="[213,661,1524,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euxena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF6F4CF08114F9AE" box="[213,298,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Euxena</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren. Later,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D090716FE664CF082ABF9AD" author="Holloway JD" box="[476,661,1524,1546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
compared
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF194F168160F980" box="[163,350,1554,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF194F168160F980" box="[163,350,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FE284F1781D8F98F" authorityName="Warren. Later, Holloway" authorityYear="1996" box="[402,486,1555,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euxena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FE284F1781D8F98F" box="[402,486,1555,1576]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Euxena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, showing that both genera have similar wing patterns but different genitalia. In this study,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FEA04F5481EBF9C2" box="[282,469,1616,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FEA04F5481EBF9C2" box="[282,469,1616,1637]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is sister to the clade including Neohipparchini,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FE3D4F6A81C7F923" box="[391,505,1646,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aracimini">Aracimini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FDBE4F6A8246F923" box="[516,632,1646,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FD394F6A8338F923" box="[643,774,1646,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF194F89817FF904" box="[163,321,1677,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Timandromorphini and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FDC04F898339F904" box="[634,775,1677,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="660" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geometrini">Geometrini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FF194FA88160F966" box="[163,350,1708,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FF194FA88160F966" box="[163,350,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is not related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FDA04FA882B4F965" box="[538,650,1708,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aracimini">Aracimini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and, therefore, can be excluded from that tribe. Given isolated position, the designation of a new tribe, perhaps including the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D090716FEFA4E0C81AAF8BA" authorityName="Warren. Later, Holloway" authorityYear="1996" box="[320,404,1800,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euxena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D090716FEFA4E0C81AAF8BA" box="[320,404,1800,1821]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="666">Euxena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is probably appropriate. Further study is needed to confirm a close relationship between these two genera.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
539
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Normal file
539
data/03/C7/87/03C787B81D0A0714FF774A5A81F0FCA4.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,539 @@
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+
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FED34A5A823AFCD1" box="[361,516,862,887]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">
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</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FD984A5A8282FCD1" box="[546,700,862,887]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">
|
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<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0A0715FD984A5A8282FCD1" baselines="881,881" box="[546,700,862,887]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Comibaenini" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">COMIBAENINI</smallCapsWord>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0A0715FF2B4A8281C5FA20" blockId="14.[145,762,902,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FF2B4A828136FC3B" box="[145,264,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as Nemoriinae in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FE504A8282EBFC3B" author="Gumppenberg CF" box="[490,725,902,924]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="233 - 400" refId="ref14113" refString="Gumppenberg CF. von. 1887. Systema Geometrarum zonae temperatioris septentrionalis [part 1]. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino Carolinae germanicae naturae curiosorum 49: 233-400." type="journal article" year="1887">Gumppenberg, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) is a New World tribe including many genera, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FF2B4AC0817AFC7D" box="[145,324,964,986]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" rank="tribe" tribe="Ochrognesiini">Ochrognesiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a representative in the IndoAustralian tropics. The tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FDB44AE68280FC5F" box="[526,702,994,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" rank="tribe" tribe="Ochrognesiini">Ochrognesiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was established by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FEFC4D0681E2FBB0" author="Inoue H" box="[326,476,1025,1047]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14826" refString="Inoue H. 1961. Lepidoptera: Geometridae. Insecta Japonica 4: 1-106, Tokyo: Hokuryukan." type="journal article" year="1961">Inoue (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
to include the two genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FF054D2481FBFB92" ID-CoL="925B6" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[191,453,1056,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chloromachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FF054D24815BFB92" box="[191,357,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Chloromachia</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FDB84D2482CAFB92" ID-CoL="92GYG" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[514,756,1056,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ochrognesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FDB84D2482ADFB92" box="[514,659,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Ochrognesia</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, both of which were synonymized with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FDC94D3A80D5FBD4" ID-CoL="928Q4" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eucyclodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FDC94D3A82C7FBF4" box="[627,761,1086,1107]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Eucyclodes</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, together with six other genera by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FD314D5980E4FB35" author="Holloway JD" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Accordingly,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FEC44D78821CFB35" box="[382,546,1148,1170]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" rank="tribe" tribe="Ochrognesiini">Ochrognesiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was synonymized with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FF774D9E817BFB17" box="[205,325,1178,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The diagnostic features of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FD394D9E82C6FB17" box="[643,760,1178,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were summarized and commented on by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FDE44DBD82CDFB68" author="Pitkin LM" box="[606,755,1209,1231]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="309 - 440" refId="ref15580" refString="Pitkin LM. 1996. Neotropical emerald moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 118: 309-440." type="journal article" year="1996">Pitkin (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FF2B4DDC8160FB49" author="Hausmann A" box="[145,350,1240,1262]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="3 - 90" refId="ref14453" refString="Hausmann A. 1996. The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries. Nota Lepidopterologica 19: 3-90." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausmann (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FE2C4DDC8270FB49" author="Holloway JD" box="[406,590,1240,1262]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Most recently,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FF2B4DF2816BFAAB" author="Viidalepp J" box="[145,341,1270,1292]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="521 - 532" refId="ref16345" refString="Viidalepp J. 2017. A morphology based key to the genera of the tribe Nemoriini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 4236: 521-532." type="journal article" year="2017">Viidalepp (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
recognized 25 genera in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FD3B4DF282C6FAAB" box="[641,760,1270,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and summarized three main features: the rod-shaped uncus of the male genitalia, the specific shape of the eighth abdominal sternite of the male abdomen and larvae with unclothed chalazae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0A0715FF134C948265F999" blockId="14.[145,762,902,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FF134C94815FFA01" author="Ferguson DC" box="[169,353,1424,1446]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="1 - 251" refId="ref13857" refString="Ferguson DC. 1969. A revision of the moths of the subfamily Geometridae of America, north of Mexico (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 29: 1-251." type="journal article" year="1969">Ferguson (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
first erected
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FE4F4C948246FA01" box="[501,632,1424,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and placed the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FEA04CAA81C9FA64" ID-CoL="92NLP" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[282,503,1454,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synchlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FEA04CAA81ACFA64" box="[282,402,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Synchlora</emphasis>
|
||||
Guenée
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FDBF4CAA82E9FA63" ID-CoL="92FBP" authority="Prout" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[517,727,1454,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Merochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FDBF4CAA82B2FA64" box="[517,652,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Merochlora</emphasis>
|
||||
Prout
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FF2B4CC98135FA45" ID-CoL="92NLP" box="[145,267,1485,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synchlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FF2B4CC98135FA45" box="[145,267,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Synchlora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FE9F4CC9823BFA44" ID-CoL="9256T" authority="Prout" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[293,517,1485,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cheteoscelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FE9F4CC98189FA45" box="[293,439,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Cheteoscelis</emphasis>
|
||||
Prout
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FD8B4CC98295FA45" ID-CoL="92NLP" box="[561,683,1485,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synchlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FD8B4CC98295FA45" box="[561,683,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Synchlora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) in it.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FF2B4CE8812AF9A5" box="[145,276,1516,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is characterized by male genitalia in which the uncus is reduced and the socii are rigidly sclerotized, tapered and pointed (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FE7A4F2D8275F998" author="Pitkin LM" box="[448,587,1577,1599]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="309 - 440" refId="ref15580" refString="Pitkin LM. 1996. Neotropical emerald moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 118: 309-440." type="journal article" year="1996">Pitkin, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0A0715FF134F4C84ACFB17" blockId="14.[145,762,902,1906]" lastBlockId="14.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">
|
||||
The tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FE9F4F4C8181F9F9" box="[293,447,1608,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a small-sized group in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FF054F628169F9DB" box="[191,343,1638,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and was first established by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FD0C4F6380E1F93C" author="Inoue H" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14826" refString="Inoue H. 1961. Lepidoptera: Geometridae. Insecta Japonica 4: 1-106, Tokyo: Hokuryukan." type="journal article" year="1961">Inoue (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, including the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FDBF4F8182C6F93C" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[517,760,1669,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FDBF4F8182AEF93D" box="[517,656,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
Hübner
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FF234FA081FFF91E" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" box="[153,449,1700,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorochromodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FF234FA0815DF91E" box="[153,355,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Chlorochromodes</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FE474FA082C7F91E" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1896" box="[509,761,1700,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comostolodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FE474FA082A5F91E" box="[509,667,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comostolodes</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as synonyms, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FEDE4FC68278F97F" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[356,582,1730,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Colutoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FEDE4FC681D4F970" box="[356,490,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Colutoceras</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a subgenus) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FF794FE58242F950" authority="Boisduval. Hausmann (1996)" authorityName="Boisduval. Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[195,636,1761,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thetidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FF794FE5811BF951" box="[195,293,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Thetidia</emphasis>
|
||||
Boisduval.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FE164FE58242F950" author="Hausmann A" box="[428,636,1761,1783]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="3 - 90" refId="ref14453" refString="Hausmann A. 1996. The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries. Nota Lepidopterologica 19: 3-90." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausmann (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
added two new genera,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FE9A4E048215F8B2" authority="Hausmann" authorityName="Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[288,555,1792,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Microbaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FE9A4E048198F8B2" box="[288,422,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Microbaena</emphasis>
|
||||
Hausmann
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FDD84E04812FF893" authority="Hausmann" authorityName="Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Proteuchloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FDD84E0482C7F8B2" box="[610,761,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Proteuchloris</emphasis>
|
||||
Hausmann
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and suggested that the tribe is monophyletic.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FF7C4E3981BEF8F4" author="Holloway JD" box="[198,384,1853,1875]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
recognized
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FDBD4E3982A7F8F4" box="[519,665,1853,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FF774E588164F8D5" box="[205,346,1884,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Comibaeniti">Comibaeniti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) as a discrete group. He included the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FCC149C183C5FF7D" box="[891,1019,197,218]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FCC149C183C5FF7D" box="[891,1019,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBBC49C184D0FF7D" authority="Turner" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1910" box="[1030,1262,197,218]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Argyrocosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FBBC49C184A4FF7D" box="[1030,1178,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Argyrocosma</emphasis>
|
||||
Turner
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB4D49C185AFFF7D" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1896" box="[1271,1425,197,218]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comostolodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB4D49C185AFFF7D" box="[1271,1425,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comostolodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FCD549E08407FF5E" box="[879,1081,228,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorochromodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FCD549E08407FF5E" box="[879,1081,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Chlorochromodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBCF49E084CCFF5E" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1916" box="[1141,1266,228,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hercoloxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FBCF49E084CCFF5E" box="[1141,1266,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Hercoloxia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as synonyms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FCF0480683CFFEB0" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1896" box="[842,1009,258,279]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comostolodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FCF0480683CFFEB0" box="[842,1009,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comostolodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB8448068499FEB0" authorityName="Boisduval. Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[1086,1191,258,279]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thetidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB8448068499FEB0" box="[1086,1191,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Thetidia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and added a new genus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC3A482583EDFEF2" authority="Holloway. Han, Galsworthy & Xue (2012)" authorityName="Holloway. Han, Galsworthy & Xue" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Protuliocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC3A48258409FE91" box="[896,1079,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Protuliocnemis</emphasis>
|
||||
Holloway.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FB7A482583EDFEF2" author="Han HX & Galsworthy AC & Xue DY" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="723 - 772" refId="ref14413" refString="Han HX, Galsworthy AC, Xue DY. 2012. The Comibaenini of China (Geometridae: Geometrinae), with a review of the tribe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165: 723-772." type="journal article" year="2012">Han, Galsworthy & Xue (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
reviewed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBE6484484C2FEF1" box="[1116,1276,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
worldwide, embracing eight genera:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBDB485A84D4FED4" box="[1121,1258,350,371]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FBDB485A84D4FED4" box="[1121,1258,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB41485A85B4FED4" authorityName="Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[1275,1418,350,371]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Microbaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB41485A85B4FED4" box="[1275,1418,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Microbaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC93487983ACFE35" authorityName="Boisduval. Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[809,914,381,402]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thetidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC93487983ACFE35" box="[809,914,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Thetidia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC1E48798477FE35" authorityName="Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[932,1097,381,402]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Proteuchloris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC1E48798477FE35" box="[932,1097,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Proteuchloris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBE6487A85B4FE35" authority="Han et al." authorityName="Han" box="[1116,1418,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Linguisaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FBE6487A84C1FE34" box="[1116,1279,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Linguisaccus</emphasis>
|
||||
Han
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FAF0487A85BCFE35" box="[1354,1410,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC93489883CBFE16" box="[809,1013,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorochromodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC93489883CBFE16" box="[809,1013,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Chlorochromodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBBE489884A2FE16" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1910" box="[1028,1180,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Argyrocosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FBBE489884A2FE16" box="[1028,1180,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Argyrocosma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB63489885B4FE16" authorityName="Holloway. Han, Galsworthy & Xue" authorityYear="2012" box="[1241,1418,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Protuliocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB63489885B4FE16" box="[1241,1418,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Protuliocnemis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The most distinctive feature of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB1048BE857DFE77" box="[1194,1347,442,464]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the bifid vinculum of the male genitalia. This study sampled five known genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBEE48FC84DBFDA9" box="[1108,1253,504,526]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the monophyly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC284B128417FD8B" box="[914,1065,534,556]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is well supported. Within the tribe,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FCC94B318416FDED" authorityName="Holloway. Han, Galsworthy & Xue" authorityYear="2012" box="[883,1064,565,586]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Protuliocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FCC94B318416FDED" box="[883,1064,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Protuliocnemis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBF04B3184CCFDED" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[1098,1266,565,586]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Argyrographa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FBF04B3184CCFDED" box="[1098,1266,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Argyrographa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC934B5083FAFDCE" box="[809,964,596,617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Linguisaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC934B5083FAFDCE" box="[809,964,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Linguisaccus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+ (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC564B50844EFDCE" box="[1004,1136,596,617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC564B50844EFDCE" box="[1004,1136,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB2B4B5084CBFDCE" authorityName="Boisduval. Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[1169,1269,596,617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thetidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB2B4B5084CBFDCE" box="[1169,1269,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Thetidia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FAB74B5085AFFDCE" box="[1293,1425,596,617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FAB74B5085AFFDCE" box="[1293,1425,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FCE44B7683FDFD20" authorityName="Boisduval. Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[862,963,626,647]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thetidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FCE44B7683FDFD20" box="[862,963,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Thetidia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are closely related, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB554B76854AFD20" box="[1263,1396,626,647]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB554B76854AFD20" box="[1263,1396,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is paraphyletic, in that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBA74B9585AFFD00" authority="(Hedemann)" baseAuthorityName="Hedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1053,1425,657,679]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thetidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chlorophyllaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FBA74B9584C5FD01" box="[1053,1275,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Th. chlorophyllaria</emphasis>
|
||||
(Hedemann)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FCDB4BB48498FD62" authority="(Bremer)" baseAuthorityName="Bremer" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[865,1190,688,709]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thetidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albocostaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FCDB4BB48412FD62" box="[865,1068,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Th. albocostaria</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bremer)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are nested within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC934BCA8395FD44" box="[809,939,718,739]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC934BCA8395FD44" box="[809,939,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, indicating that these two species may be transferred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC754BE9846EFCA5" box="[975,1104,749,770]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC754BE9846EFCA5" box="[975,1104,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FBE74BE98522FCA5" author="Han HX & Galsworthy AC & Xue DY" box="[1117,1308,749,771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="723 - 772" refId="ref14413" refString="Han HX, Galsworthy AC, Xue DY. 2012. The Comibaenini of China (Geometridae: Geometrinae), with a review of the tribe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165: 723-772." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||||
Han
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB2C4BEA84F0FCA5" box="[1174,1230,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2012)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
discussed the similarity among some species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FABD4A0885AEFC86" box="[1287,1424,780,801]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FABD4A0885AEFC86" box="[1287,1424,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC884A2F8412FCE7" authority="Prout" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1918" box="[818,1068,810,832]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypolampes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC884A2F83E0FC98" box="[818,990,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">C. hypolampes</emphasis>
|
||||
Prout
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB804A2F850FFCE7" authority="Prout" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1926" box="[1082,1329,811,832]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cenocraspis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB804A2F84DCFCE7" box="[1082,1250,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">C. cenocraspis</emphasis>
|
||||
Prout
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FA844A2F8393FCF9" authority="Prout" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latilinea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FA844A2F835DFCF9" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">C. latilinea</emphasis>
|
||||
Prout
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC524A4D849BFCF9" authority="Prout" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1926" box="[1000,1189,841,862]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swanni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC524A4D8465FCF9" box="[1000,1115,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">C. swanni</emphasis>
|
||||
Prout
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB534A4D8572FCF9" authorityName="Boisduval. Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[1257,1356,841,862]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thetidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB534A4D8572FCF9" box="[1257,1356,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Thetidia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, stating that the frenulum is present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB004A6385AEFCDA" box="[1210,1424,871,893]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB004A638504FCDB" box="[1210,1338,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC704A828412FC3C" authorityName="Boisduval. Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[970,1068,902,923]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thetidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC704A828412FC3C" box="[970,1068,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Thetidia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Prout (1932: 20) regarded the absence or presence of a frenulum in the male as an important character at the level of genus and above. However,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FC1A4AE68401FC5F" author="Pitkin LM" box="[928,1087,994,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="309 - 440" refId="ref15580" refString="Pitkin LM. 1996. Neotropical emerald moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 118: 309-440." type="journal article" year="1996">Pitkin (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that both states can occur within a genus, giving as examples
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FAAE4D0585B4FBB1" box="[1300,1418,1025,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synchlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FAAE4D0585B4FBB1" box="[1300,1418,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Synchlora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC934D1B83B2FB93" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[809,908,1055,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Oospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC934D1B83B2FB93" box="[809,908,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Oospila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC184D1B84ABFB92" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[930,1173,1055,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chloractis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC184D1B8417FB93" box="[930,1065,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Chloractis</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB5A4D1B843AFBF3" authority="Warren. Therefore" authorityName="Warren. Therefore" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phrudocentra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB5A4D1B85AFFB93" box="[1248,1425,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Phrudocentra</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren. Therefore
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, it is possible to include
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FA974D3A85AFFBF4" authorityName="Boisduval. Hausmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[1325,1425,1086,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thetidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FA974D3A85AFFBF4" box="[1325,1425,1086,1107]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Thetidia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FCF34D5983F0FBD5" box="[841,974,1117,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FCF34D5983F0FBD5" box="[841,974,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Given the morphological diversity of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC934D7F8392FB37" box="[809,940,1147,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comibaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FC934D7F8392FB37" box="[809,940,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Comibaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
members, it is also possible that it needs to be split into different genera.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0A0715FCFB4DBD83C1F8D6" blockId="14.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">
|
||||
Previous studies have shown a close relationship among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC3F4DD38439FB4A" box="[901,1031,1239,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBAC4DD38499FB4A" box="[1046,1191,1239,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB504DD385B5FB4A" box="[1258,1419,1239,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FC934DF383D7FAAB" author="Ferguson DC" box="[809,1001,1270,1292]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref13897" refString="Ferguson DC. 1985. Geometroidea, geometridae (part): subfamily geometrinae. In: Ferguson DC, Lawrence LH, Paige EM, Dominick RB, eds. The moths of America North of Mexico (Lepidoptera). Fascicle 18.1. Washington, DC: Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, 1-131." type="book chapter" year="1985">Ferguson (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBC44DF28539FAAB" box="[1150,1287,1270,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have much more in common with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB954C118497FA8C" box="[1071,1193,1301,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and he would have included the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC734C37846BFAEE" box="[969,1109,1331,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB3A4C3784C0FAEE" box="[1152,1278,1331,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, were it not for differences in genitalia, venation and larval behaviour. In contrast,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FBE94C7584C4FA21" author="Pitkin LM" box="[1107,1274,1393,1415]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="39 - 159" refId="ref15529" refString="Pitkin LM. 1993. Neotropical emerald moths of the genera Nemoria, Lissochlora and Chavarriella, with particular reference to the species of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology) 62: 39-159." type="journal article" year="1993">Pitkin (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that the genital differences between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB7C4C8B8569FA02" box="[1222,1367,1423,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC934CAA839DFA63" box="[809,931,1454,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appear insufficient to justify separating tribal status, and deferred formal synonymy due to a lack of information on the early stages of some other important genera, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FB114F0E85AEF987" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1900" box="[1195,1424,1546,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lissochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FB114F0E850CF9B8" box="[1195,1330,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Lissochlora</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FCE44F2D8572F998" authority="Pitkin. Later, Pitkin (1996)" authorityName="Pitkin. Later, Pitkin" authorityYear="1996" box="[862,1356,1577,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chavarriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FCE44F2D83C6F999" box="[862,1016,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Chavarriella</emphasis>
|
||||
Pitkin. Later,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FB164F2D8572F998" author="Pitkin LM" box="[1196,1356,1577,1599]" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="309 - 440" refId="ref15580" refString="Pitkin LM. 1996. Neotropical emerald moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 118: 309-440." type="journal article" year="1996">Pitkin (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
mentioned that some genera in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBC94F4384D2F9FA" box="[1139,1260,1607,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
share a similar valva structure with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBDF4F6285B1F9DB" authority="(Synchlorini)" baseAuthorityName="Synchlorini" box="[1125,1423,1638,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synchlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FBDF4F6284DCF9DC" box="[1125,1250,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Synchlora</emphasis>
|
||||
(Synchlorini)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FCDA4F8184BDF93C" authority="(Hemitheini)" baseAuthorityName="Hemitheini" box="[864,1155,1669,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FCDA4F8183E8F93D" box="[864,982,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Chlorissa</emphasis>
|
||||
(Hemitheini)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and continued using
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FC934FA7838DF91E" box="[809,947,1699,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, adding
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBAB4FA784D9F91E" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1907" box="[1041,1255,1699,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xenopepla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0A0715FBAB4FA784B4F91F" box="[1041,1162,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="667">Xenopepla</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to it.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0A0715FA994FA7834DF97F" author="Holloway JD" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FBB34FC684ADF97F" box="[1033,1171,1730,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are probably related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0A0715FCFD4FE583DEF950" box="[839,992,1761,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on the larval habit of attaching debris and some aspects of genitalic structure. In summary, these three tribes are closely related, as shown by their similar larval behaviour and some genitalic features.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0B0714FF0149C281F0FCA4" blockId="15.[163,779,197,771]" pageId="15" pageNumber="668">
|
||||
In this analysis,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FE1849C18216FF7C" box="[418,552,197,219]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FD8349C182F0FF7C" box="[569,718,197,219]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FF1949E08107FF5D" box="[163,313,228,250]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form a monophyletic clade with strong support. The tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FE2D48068216FEBF" box="[407,552,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is clustered with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FF1948268156FE90" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[163,360,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Nemoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0B0714FF1948268139FE90" box="[163,263,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="668">Nemoria</emphasis>
|
||||
Hübner
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with full support, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FDCC48258334FE90" box="[630,778,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is recovered as sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FE5A48448259FEF2" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[480,615,320,341]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pyrochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0B0714FE5A48448259FEF2" box="[480,615,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="668">Pyrochlora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with moderate support. A similar result was found by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0B0714FD24485A8117FE35" author="Sihvonen P & Mutanen M & Kaila L & Brehm G & Hausmann A & Staude HS" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" refId="ref15986" refString="Sihvonen P, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Brehm G, Hausmann A, Staude HS. 2011. Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for Geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLoS One 6: e 20356." type="journal volume" year="2011">
|
||||
Sihvonen
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0B0714FF19487A80E5FE35" box="[163,219,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="668">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2011)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, unsurprisingly, as the data for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FD2D48798335FE34" box="[663,779,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FF164898812DFE16" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[172,275,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Nemoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0B0714FF164898812DFE16" box="[172,275,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="668">Nemoria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FE984898819AFE16" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[290,420,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pyrochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0B0714FE984898819AFE16" box="[290,420,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="668">Pyrochlora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FE5648988248FE15" box="[492,630,412,434]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FD334898833CFE16" box="[649,770,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synchlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0B0714FD334898833CFE16" box="[649,770,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="668">Synchlora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) used in the current study were mainly obtained from their research. The monophyly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FDA648DD82AEFE48" box="[540,656,473,495]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is not supported by the present concept, under which it would be a monophyletic group with the inclusion of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FD3D4B128334FD8B" box="[647,778,534,556]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FF6E4B318156FDEC" box="[212,360,565,587]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Comibaenini">Comibaenini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Considering that only five species in three genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FEE64B5081ECFDCD" box="[348,466,596,618]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are included in our analysis, and there are more than 130 species in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FD1C4B778335FD2F" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[678,779,627,648]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Nemoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0B0714FD1C4B778335FD2F" box="[678,779,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="668">Nemoria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
alone, we defer a decision on this synonymy at present. Further analysis, including additional taxa, is needed to determine the relationship among these tribes and the position of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0B0714FEF14BE981F8FCA5" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[331,454,749,770]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pyrochlora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0B0714FEF14BE981F8FCA5" box="[331,454,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="668">Pyrochlora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
204
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Normal file
204
data/03/C7/87/03C787B81D0C0713FF6C4A3B848BFE34.xml
Normal file
|
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@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
|
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|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FF6C4A3B81A1FCF1" bold="true" box="[214,415,831,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">ORNITHOSPILINI</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0C0713FE1C4A3B81E9FCF0" baselines="850,850" box="[422,471,831,856]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Ban" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">BAN</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0C0713FE404A3B8210FCF0" baselines="850,850" box="[506,558,831,856]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Han" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">HAN</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FD8F4A47828DFCF0" bold="true" box="[565,691,831,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957C71D0C0713FD8F4A47828DFCF0" box="[565,691,831,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" rank="tribe">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0C0713FD8F4A478253FCF1" baselines="849" box="[565,621,835,854]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="trib" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">TRIB</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0C0713FDC14A478292FCF1" baselines="849" box="[635,684,835,854]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">NOV</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37465251D0C0713FF2B4A6D810CFC7D" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0C0713FF2B4A6D810CFC7D" blockId="8.[145,760,872,986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FF2B4A6D8126FCD9" box="[145,280,873,894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54D5880C1D0C0713FF2B4A6D80F7FCD9" box="[145,201,873,894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
genus
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FE934A6C824CFCDA" authority="Warren, 1894" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[297,626,872,893]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ornithospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FE934A6C81FAFCDA" box="[297,452,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Ornithospila</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0C0713FE774A6C824CFCDA" author="Warren W" box="[461,626,872,893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" pagination="366 - 466" refId="ref16535" refString="Warren W. 1894. New genera and species of Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae 1: 366-466." type="journal article" year="1894">Warren, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0C0713FD3E4A6C80F7FC3B" author="Holloway JD" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: plate 7, figs 217–225 and 315–316;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0C0713FDCA4A8380E9FC1D" author="Han HX & Xue DY" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" refId="ref14310" refString="Han HX, Xue DY. 2011 a. Fauna sinica (Insecta vol. 54, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae). Beijing: Science Press [in Chinese with English abstract]." type="book" year="2011">Han & Xue, 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figs 20–22 of plate 18, figs 342–344, 661–663 and 865–866).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37465251D0C0713FF2B4AF681FBFA9D" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0C0713FF2B4AF681FBFA9D" blockId="8.[145,762,1010,1891]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FF2B4AF681B8FBAF" box="[145,390,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Differential features</emphasis>
|
||||
: The wings of the members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FF2B4D158108FB80" authorityName="Ban & Jiang & Cheng & Xue & Han" authorityYear="2018" box="[145,310,1041,1063]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="660" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ornithospilini">Ornithospilini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are bright green. The hind tibia of the male is not dilated. The veins Sc+
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE6B1D0C0713FDBC4D348226FBE2" box="[518,536,1072,1093]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
<subScript id="17EA34EB1D0C0713FDA24D3B821EFBEC" attach="left" box="[536,544,1087,1099]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">1</subScript>
|
||||
are close to the cell at one point, then separate rapidly on the hindwing; CuA 1 and M 3 are separate, and vein 3A is absent. Sternite 3 of the male abdomen lacks setal patches. The socii of the male genitalia are developed and are almost the same length as the uncus as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FDCD4DCD82C7FB78" box="[631,761,1225,1247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="664" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but sometimes with a basal process. The signum of the female genitalia, if present, is elongate, ovate and scobinate (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0C0713FEB14C218188FA9C" author="Holloway JD" box="[267,438,1317,1339]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37465251D0C0713FF134C40848BFE34" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0C0713FF134C40848BFE34" blockId="8.[145,762,1010,1891]" lastBlockId="8.[809,1425,197,403]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FF134C408163FAFD" authorityName="Ban & Jiang & Cheng & Xue & Han" authorityYear="2018" box="[169,349,1348,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="660" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ornithospilini">Ornithospilini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is proposed as a new, currently monobasic tribe that is mainly distributed in the Oriental region. In this study, the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FDFD4C8582C6FA30" authorityName="Ban & Jiang & Cheng & Xue & Han" authorityYear="2018" box="[583,760,1409,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="660" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ornithospilini">Ornithospilini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
exemplars (two different species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FDEB4CA482D1FA12" ID-CoL="92HDT" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[593,751,1440,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ornithospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FDEB4CA482D1FA12" box="[593,751,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Ornithospila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) form a distinct group that occupies a basal position in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FF084CD9816DFA54" ID-CoL="93MVZ" box="[178,339,1501,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Prout (1912) placed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FDE64CD982C7FA55" ID-CoL="92HDT" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[604,761,1501,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ornithospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FDE64CD982C7FA55" box="[604,761,1501,1522]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Ornithospila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Group IV of the Old World genera and mentioned that it probably derived from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FDD24F1E811DF9E9" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hipparchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Geometra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FDD24F1E82C4F988" box="[616,762,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Hipparchus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FF214F3D8127F9E8" box="[155,281,1593,1615]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Geometra</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but he also stated that the venation and genitalia of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54D5880C1D0C0713FE664F5C822FF9CA" box="[476,529,1624,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species agree better with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FF474F7381C3F92B" ID-CoL="92KJQ" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[253,509,1655,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prasinocyma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FF474F7381A4F92B" box="[253,410,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Prasinocyma</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FDD74F728294F92C" ID-CoL="95KQZ" authorityName="Guenée" authorityYear="1857" box="[621,682,1654,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Iodis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FDD74F728294F92C" box="[621,682,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Iodis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FF214F9180E1F90D" ID-CoL="92CMZ" box="[155,223,1685,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Jodis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FF214F9180E1F90D" box="[155,223,1685,1706]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Jodis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Later,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0C0713FEEC4F9281CFF90D" author="Prout LB" box="[342,497,1685,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" refId="ref15757" refString="Prout LB. 1920 - 41. The Indoaustralian Geometridae. In: Seitz A, ed. The macrolepidoptera of the world 12. Stuttgart: Verlag A. Kernen." type="book" year="1920">Prout (1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
–41) suggested that some species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FEEF4FB081CFF96E" ID-CoL="92HDT" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[341,497,1716,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ornithospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FEEF4FB081CFF96E" box="[341,497,1716,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Ornithospila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are somewhat analogous to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FF4E4FD681BDF940" ID-CoL="922LZ" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[244,387,1746,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FF4E4FD681BDF940" box="[244,387,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Aporandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in size, shape and coloration. Although
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0C0713FEB34FF681DEF8A0" author="Hausmann A" box="[265,480,1777,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" pagination="3 - 90" refId="ref14453" refString="Hausmann A. 1996. The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries. Nota Lepidopterologica 19: 3-90." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausmann (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
placed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FD854FF582E7F8A1" ID-CoL="92HDT" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[575,729,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ornithospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FD854FF582E7F8A1" box="[575,729,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Ornithospila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FF2B4E148124F881" box="[145,282,1808,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="660" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geometrini">Geometrini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, he also referred to features that differentiate it from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FEF34E2A81EDF8E3" box="[329,467,1838,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="660" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geometrini">Geometrini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, such as the presence of an uncus and the shorter and slightly sclerotized socii.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0C0713FCCA49C18406FF7C" author="Holloway JD" box="[880,1080,197,219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
considered
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FB7549C18552FF7D" ID-CoL="92HDT" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[1231,1388,197,218]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ornithospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FB7549C18552FF7D" box="[1231,1388,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Ornithospila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as set apart from the rest of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FB2749E08505FF5D" ID-CoL="93MVZ" box="[1181,1339,228,250]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the condition of the female signum, which is elongate, ovate and scobinate. This opinion is supported here, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FC2F4844840DFEF2" ID-CoL="92HDT" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[917,1075,320,341]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ornithospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FC2F4844840DFEF2" box="[917,1075,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Ornithospila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is positioned at the base of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FC93485A83F4FED3" ID-CoL="93MVZ" box="[809,970,350,372]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and the relationship to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FAB8485A85AFFED4" ID-CoL="922LZ" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[1282,1425,350,371]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="661" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0C0713FAB8485A85AFFED4" box="[1282,1425,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="661">Aporandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0C0713FCE7487983DAFE34" box="[861,996,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="660" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geometrini">Geometrini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is not supported.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
445
data/03/C7/87/03C787B81D0E0710FCC54B2E81A9FACF.xml
Normal file
445
data/03/C7/87/03C787B81D0E0710FCC54B2E81A9FACF.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="9DF5633367D72E37316F9D36234825BE">
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<mods:title id="6070E1F5C163300E28F37876CDDE448F">Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions</mods:title>
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||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="564DF0BD00BB7B978427279E4190BB6A" type="personal">
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|
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<mods:namePart id="559DC82C2C21F1D3387A3C4E879D746A">Ban, Xiaoshuang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0579CD476F56FB6F18A593357C49E1C6">Jiang, Nan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38C6A3FF472BF3B37DBF66B75AAE0646">Cheng, Rui</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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|
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<mods:roleTerm id="B7E9FC744A2AA4D4E4EC7B322730CED0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="14718AF36855656F03B7B188A68BA7DB">Xue, Dayong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28FB18CBF690CD698A27ABCEDCAF93DB">Han, Hongxiang</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D42D9999E64321BDB409F323C7C77A8B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7EE6C15AC016894B5D60405EAC144B12">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="3B17D0BFECA250F87889AA6C7EF5EAC7">
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<mods:date id="1C4710A0EECB6B167A436E257CFECFBA">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="201993BEBE1E2796AC724B03C3F51ED3">2018-05-15</mods:number>
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|
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<mods:detail id="0109E2B87FF302768928718CB8FBDA3E" type="volume">
|
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<mods:number id="33FDC8074471C8E5505D41E86B4D7A0B">184</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail id="6C785D69EF61064D650C1104A31BE7B6" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9E50B1855A4E9895CC371FB9B6E93F0A">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FD339BD2AE559E89304470891376540F">653</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3A80F9151A0E936B1FA0A36A0C7CB64C">672</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="09C1F8371957145A2A9B6DEDB49B4FC1">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly013</mods:url>
|
||||
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<mods:classification id="E1D848457F01A9F30CA34AA233DE7828">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="442FC7F70953960D43610EB3C13DBF3B" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zly013</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="31568B6B49EFE973BB70FAE5CEDF68FB" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0A9E63ECCA6F8BF31BCB19556584B5CF" type="Zenodo-Dep">14825023</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9E965748CD05E596EE6BB286C9E788E4" type="ZooBank">2792250-B5CA-4917-A2EA-EBCBE1B42E70</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C787B81D0E0710FCC54B2E81A9FACF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787B81D0E0710FCC54B2E81A9FACF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787B81D0E0710FCC54B2E81A9FACF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="664" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">
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<subSubSection id="C37465251D0E0711FCC54B2E8505FDE5" box="[895,1339,554,579]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0E0711FCC54B2E8505FDE5" blockId="10.[895,1339,554,579]" box="[895,1339,554,579]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">
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<heading id="D09981C21D0E0711FCC54B2E8505FDE5" box="[895,1339,554,579]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FCC54B2E83F5FDE5" box="[895,971,554,579]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Joditi" tribe="Hemitheini">
|
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<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0E0711FCC54B2E83F5FDE5" baselines="573,573" box="[895,971,554,579]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Joditi" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">JODITI</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC524B2E8444FDE5" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[1000,1146,554,578]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0E0711FC524B2E8444FDE5" baselines="571,573" box="[1000,1146,554,578]" lowerCaseFontSize="10" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Aporandria" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC524B2E8444FDE5" box="[1000,1146,554,578]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">APORANDRIA</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB2D4B2E8505FDE5" box="[1175,1339,554,579]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi" tribe="Hemitheini">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0E0711FB2D4B2E8505FDE5" baselines="573,573" box="[1175,1339,554,579]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Thalassoditi" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">THALASSODITI</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37465251D0E0710FC934B5781A9FACF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="664" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0E0711FC934B5783DAFC3C" blockId="10.[809,1426,594,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">
|
||||
The grouping of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FBEB4B5684A0FDCF" box="[1105,1182,594,616]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Joditi">Joditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB0C4B56856FFDCF" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[1206,1361,594,616]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB0C4B56856FFDCF" box="[1206,1361,594,616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Aporandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC934B758387FD20" box="[809,953,625,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is well supported in this study. The subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FCDF4B948398FD01" box="[869,934,656,678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Joditi">Joditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as Jodini) was established by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0E0711FAB94B9485AFFD01" author="Inoue H" box="[1283,1425,656,678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14826" refString="Inoue H. 1961. Lepidoptera: Geometridae. Insecta Japonica 4: 1-106, Tokyo: Hokuryukan." type="journal article" year="1961">Inoue (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and was treated as a provisional tribe, including four Palaearctic and Indo-Pacific genera (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB4C4BC98509FD45" box="[1270,1335,717,738]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Jodis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB4C4BC98509FD45" box="[1270,1335,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Jodis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FAFD4BCA85B4FD44" box="[1351,1418,718,739]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Berta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FAFD4BCA85B4FD44" box="[1351,1418,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Berta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC934BE883B0FCA6" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[809,910,748,769]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gelasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC934BE883B0FCA6" box="[809,910,748,769]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Gelasma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC734BE88492FCA5" authority="Swinhoe" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1894" box="[969,1196,748,770]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalerura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC734BE88401FCA6" box="[969,1087,748,769]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Thalerura</emphasis>
|
||||
Swinhoe
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the latter two genera as synonyms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FBA04A0F8443FC87" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1050,1149,779,800]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FBA04A0F8443FC87" box="[1050,1149,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0E0711FB094A0F85B4FC87" author="Hausmann A" box="[1203,1418,778,800]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" pagination="3 - 90" refId="ref14453" refString="Hausmann A. 1996. The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries. Nota Lepidopterologica 19: 3-90." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausmann (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0E0711FC934A2D83D6FC98" author="Viidalepp J" box="[809,1000,809,831]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" refId="ref16317" refString="Viidalepp J. 1996. Checklist of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U. S. S. R. Stenstrup: Apollo Books." type="book" year="1996">Viidalepp (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0E0711FB984A2D84E0FC98" author="Holloway JD" box="[1058,1246,809,831]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
included
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FAF54A2D85AFFC98" box="[1359,1425,809,831]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Joditi">Joditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the wider concept of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB914A4C848EFCF9" box="[1067,1200,840,862]" pageId="10" pageNumber="664" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0E0711FB034A4C85AFFCFA" author="Han HX & Xue DY" box="[1209,1425,840,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" refId="ref14310" refString="Han HX, Xue DY. 2011 a. Fauna sinica (Insecta vol. 54, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae). Beijing: Science Press [in Chinese with English abstract]." type="book" year="2011">Han & Xue (2011a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
followed this definition, which is also supported in this molecular study.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0E0711FCFB4AA083D1FBD5" blockId="10.[809,1426,594,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">
|
||||
The species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC544AA08471FC1E" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1006,1103,932,953]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC544AA08471FC1E" box="[1006,1103,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
number over 100 and were separated in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC064AC68442FC7F" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[956,1148,962,984]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gelasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC064AC6841EFC70" box="[956,1056,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Gelasma</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB3D4AC784D8FC7F" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1159,1254,963,984]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB3D4AC784D8FC7F" box="[1159,1254,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FAA74AC685AFFC70" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1894" box="[1309,1425,962,983]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalerura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FAA74AC685AFFC70" box="[1309,1425,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Thalerura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Prout, 1912, 1920–41) until
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0E0711FB344AE5856AFC50" author="Holloway JD" box="[1166,1364,993,1015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
synonymized
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC1A4D048438FBB2" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[928,1030,1024,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gelasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC1A4D048438FBB2" box="[928,1030,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Gelasma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FBFB4D048486FBB2" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1894" box="[1089,1208,1024,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalerura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FBFB4D048486FBB2" box="[1089,1208,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Thalerura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB474D048560FBB2" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1277,1374,1024,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB474D048560FBB2" box="[1277,1374,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and summarized the most distinctive feature of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FAA94D1B854CFB93" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1299,1394,1055,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FAA94D1B854CFB93" box="[1299,1394,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the possession of a strong hindwing tail and a ventral flap on the valva.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0E0711FCFB4D7E84DAFA65" blockId="10.[809,1426,594,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">
|
||||
When
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0E0711FC354D7F8425FB37" author="Prout LB" box="[911,1051,1147,1168]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" refId="ref15789" refString="Prout LB. 1934 - 38. The Palaearctic Geometrae, 3. Subfam. Hemitheinae. In: Seitz A, ed. The macrolepidoptera of the world 4 (Suppl.). Stuttgart: Verlag A. Kernen." type="book" year="1934">Prout (1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
–38) described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB6B4D7E855BFB28" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1938" box="[1233,1381,1146,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ecchloropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB6B4D7E855BFB28" box="[1233,1381,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Ecchloropsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, he made a comparison with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FBFD4D9D8485FB09" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[1095,1211,1177,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hemistola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FBFD4D9D8485FB09" box="[1095,1211,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Hemistola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB4F4D9D85AFFB09" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[1269,1425,1177,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dyschloropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB4F4D9D85AFFB09" box="[1269,1425,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Dyschloropsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but did not mention
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FBA44DBC84BAFB6A" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[1054,1156,1208,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gelasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FBA44DBC84BAFB6A" box="[1054,1156,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Gelasma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB784DBC851DFB6A" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1218,1315,1208,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB784DBC851DFB6A" box="[1218,1315,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, perhaps because he did not examine the male genitalia.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0E0711FAE54DD383F1FAAD" author="Han HX & Xue DY" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" refId="ref14310" refString="Han HX, Xue DY. 2011 a. Fauna sinica (Insecta vol. 54, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae). Beijing: Science Press [in Chinese with English abstract]." type="book" year="2011">Han & Xue (2011a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
summarized the diagnostic characters of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FCFE4C1083ECFA8E" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1938" box="[836,978,1300,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ecchloropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FCFE4C1083ECFA8E" box="[836,978,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Ecchloropsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FBB64C108455FA8E" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1036,1131,1300,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FBB64C108455FA8E" box="[1036,1131,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and listed the differences between them. Although they noted that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FABB4C3685AEFAE0" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1938" box="[1281,1424,1330,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ecchloropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FABB4C3685AEFAE0" box="[1281,1424,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Ecchloropsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a ventral flap in the valva similar to that found in typical
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC3A4C7483DFFA22" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[896,993,1392,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC3A4C7483DFFA22" box="[896,993,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the authors did not synonymize the two, given that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC6F4C8A845DFA04" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1938" box="[981,1123,1422,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ecchloropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC6F4C8A845DFA04" box="[981,1123,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Ecchloropsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lacks a frenulum, whereas almost all species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FBA94CAA844CFA64" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1043,1138,1454,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FBA94CAA844CFA64" box="[1043,1138,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have one.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0E0711FCFB4CC885AFF8F6" blockId="10.[809,1426,594,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">
|
||||
In this analysis, the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB3C4CC884D9FA46" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1158,1255,1484,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB3C4CC884D9FA46" box="[1158,1255,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is found to be polyphyletic, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC514CEF8562FA58" box="[1003,1372,1514,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="acutissima" subSpecies="perplexata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC514CEF8562FA58" box="[1003,1372,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates acutissima perplexata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC934F0E83D2F9B9" box="[809,1004,1545,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandificaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC934F0E83D2F9B9" box="[809,1004,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">M. grandificaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB344F0D851CF9B9" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1938" box="[1166,1314,1545,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ecchloropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB344F0D851CF9B9" box="[1166,1314,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Ecchloropsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with full support, whereas another three species,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FAB64F2C8515F99A" box="[1292,1323,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">M.</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.1,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FAC84F2C85AFF99A" box="[1394,1425,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">M.</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.2 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC2B4F438413F9FC" box="[913,1069,1606,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thetydaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC2B4F438413F9FC" box="[913,1069,1606,1628]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">M. thetydaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are grouped as sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FAE84F4385AFF9FB" box="[1362,1425,1607,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Berta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FAE84F4385AFF9FB" box="[1362,1425,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Berta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FCE74F6183A5F9DD" box="[861,923,1637,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Jodis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FCE74F6183A5F9DD" box="[861,923,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Jodis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB914F628455F9DC" box="[1067,1131,1638,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Berta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB914F628455F9DC" box="[1067,1131,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Berta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also found to be paraphyletic, since two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FBC44F808482F93E" box="[1150,1212,1668,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Jodis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FBC44F808482F93E" box="[1150,1212,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Jodis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are nested within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC934FA783F9F91F" box="[809,967,1698,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC934FA78354F91F" box="[809,874,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Berta</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(including the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54D5880C1D0E0711FB384FA7848BF91F" box="[1154,1205,1699,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FAA64FA783E9F970" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Berta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysolineata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FAA64FA78344F971" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">B. chrysolineata</emphasis>
|
||||
Walker
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Further research, including the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54D5880C1D0E0711FAE54FC585AFF971" box="[1375,1425,1729,1750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FC194FE4843BF952" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[931,1029,1760,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FC194FE4843BF952" box="[931,1029,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FBF94FE484BCF952" box="[1091,1154,1760,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Jodis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FBF94FE484BCF952" box="[1091,1154,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Jodis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and a greater number of other species, is needed to resolve the phylogenetic relationship among these four genera, the monophyly of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FCCA4E38838FF8F5" box="[880,945,1852,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Joditi">Joditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the monophyly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FB0F4E38852AF8F6" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1205,1300,1852,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Maxates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FB0F4E38852AF8F6" box="[1205,1300,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Maxates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0E0711FAF64E3885B5F8F6" box="[1356,1419,1852,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Berta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="663" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0E0711FAF64E3885B5F8F6" box="[1356,1419,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="663">Berta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0F0710FF0149C182D0FC3B" blockId="11.[163,779,197,1384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">
|
||||
The subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FEDB49C181C6FF7C" box="[353,504,197,219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as Thalassodini) was also erected by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FEEC49E081D6FF5D" author="Inoue H" box="[342,488,228,250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14826" refString="Inoue H. 1961. Lepidoptera: Geometridae. Insecta Japonica 4: 1-106, Tokyo: Hokuryukan." type="journal article" year="1961">Inoue (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
with the inclusion of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF49480681D2FEBF" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[243,492,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FF49480681B8FEB0" box="[243,390,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Thalassodes</emphasis>
|
||||
Guenée
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from which three genera (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF6648258233FE90" authority="Holloway" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1996" box="[220,525,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Orothalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FF66482581AAFE91" box="[220,404,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Orothalassodes</emphasis>
|
||||
Holloway
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FDA648258334FE90" authority="Holloway" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1996" box="[540,778,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pelagodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FDA6482582AFFE91" box="[540,657,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Pelagodes</emphasis>
|
||||
Holloway
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF6C484481EAFEF2" authority="Inoue" authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="2006" box="[214,468,320,341]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Remiformvalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FF6C484481B7FEF2" box="[214,393,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Remiformvalva</emphasis>
|
||||
Inoue
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) were split and erected by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FF19485A8164FED3" author="Holloway JD" box="[163,346,350,372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FE2A485B8223FED3" author="Inoue H" box="[400,541,350,372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="214 - 243" refId="ref14847" refString="Inoue H. 2006. Thalassodes - group of emerald moths from Sulawesi and the Philippine Islands (Geometridae, Geometrinae). Tinea 19: 214-243." type="journal article" year="2006">Inoue (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, mainly based on the structures of the male genitalia and the eighth segment.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FF5648988183FE15" author="Hausmann A" box="[236,445,412,434]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="3 - 90" refId="ref14453" refString="Hausmann A. 1996. The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries. Nota Lepidopterologica 19: 3-90." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausmann (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
summarized the differential features of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FEA748BE8194FE77" box="[285,426,442,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as follows: cell of hindwing very short, discocellular vein oblique and lacking abdominal crests.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FE9748FC825FFDA9" author="Hausmann A & Sciarretta A & Parisi F" box="[301,609,504,526]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref14611" refString="Hausmann A, Sciarretta A, Parisi F. 2016 b. The Geometrinae of Ethiopia II: tribus Hemistolini, genus Prasinocyma (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 4065: 1-63." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Hausmann
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FE0748FC81C2FDAA" box="[445,508,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2016b)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
synonymized
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF194B12810EFD8B" box="[163,304,534,556]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with Hemistoliti because they share many morphological characters. However, the monophyly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF194B50810BFDCD" box="[163,309,596,618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is fully supported in the present study, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF664B768159FD20" box="[220,359,626,647]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FF664B768159FD20" box="[220,359,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Thalassodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at the basal position of the clade. The genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF444B9681A7FD00" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[254,409,658,679]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prasinocyma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FF444B9681A7FD00" box="[254,409,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Prasinocyma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FE624B9582E4FD00" authority="Holloway" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1996" box="[472,730,657,679]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Albinospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FE624B95825CFD01" box="[472,610,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Albinospila</emphasis>
|
||||
Holloway
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are closely allied to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FEE64BB482EDFD62" authority="(Holloway, 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Holloway" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[348,723,688,710]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Orothalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FEE64BB48232FD62" box="[348,524,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Orothalassodes</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FDA64BB482F7FD61" author="Holloway JD" box="[540,713,688,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and they are expected to be clustered with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FDE64BCA8334FD44" baseAuthorityName="Holloway" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[604,778,718,739]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Orothalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FDE64BCA8334FD44" box="[604,778,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Orothalassodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
if they are sampled.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FE1B4BEA82F1FCA4" author="Hausmann A & Miller SE & Holloway JD & deWaard JR & Pollock D & Prosser SWJ & Hebert PDN" box="[417,719,749,771]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="671 - 683" refId="ref14521" refString="Hausmann A, Miller SE, Holloway JD, deWaard JR, Pollock D, Prosser SWJ, Hebert PDN. 2016 a. Calibrating the taxonomy of a megadiverse insect family: 3000 DNA barcodes from geometrid type specimens (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Genome 59: 671-683." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Hausmann
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FD944BEA8255FCA5" box="[558,619,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2016a)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggested that the current generic combinations within the large
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FEA84A2E81A1FC98" box="[274,415,810,831]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FEA84A2E81A1FC98" box="[274,415,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Thalassodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FDAC4A2E82FAFCE7" author="Holloway JD" box="[534,708,810,832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) need to be revised. Further research is needed to explore the internal structure of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FE504A6C8249FCD9" box="[490,631,872,894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by including more genera, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FE234A838213FC3B" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[409,557,903,924]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prasinocyma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FE234A838213FC3B" box="[409,557,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Prasinocyma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FDDF4A8282D6FC3C" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1996" box="[613,744,902,923]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Albinospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FDDF4A8282D6FC3C" box="[613,744,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Albinospila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0F0710FF014AA181A9FACF" blockId="11.[163,779,197,1384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF014AA18101FC1D" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[187,319,933,954]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FF014AA18101FC1D" box="[187,319,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Aporandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was placed in Hemistoliti by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FD364AA180D4FC7D" author="Hausmann A" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="3 - 90" refId="ref14453" refString="Hausmann A. 1996. The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries. Nota Lepidopterologica 19: 3-90." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausmann (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. He also stated that the external appearance of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF194AE68116FC50" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[163,296,994,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FF194AE68116FC50" box="[163,296,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Aporandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
resembles some genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FDE14AE682E3FC5F" box="[603,733,994,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="660" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geometrini">Geometrini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but differs from the latter with respect to the tympanum and venation. In this study, the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FDD24D2482CEFB92" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[616,752,1056,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FDD24D2482CEFB92" box="[616,752,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Aporandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is grouped with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FE864D3A81F7FBF3" box="[316,457,1086,1108]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with good support. The close relationship between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FE114D598208FBD5" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[427,566,1117,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FE114D598208FBD5" box="[427,566,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Aporandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FDCF4D598334FBD4" box="[629,778,1117,1139]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was first found in this study. However, we hesitate to place
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF534D9E814DFB08" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[233,371,1178,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FF534D9E814DFB08" box="[233,371,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Aporandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FE214D9E8210FB17" box="[411,558,1178,1200]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
due to its distinct wing patterns. Genera in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FE744DBD825EFB68" box="[462,608,1209,1231]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, together with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF194DDC8116FB4A" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[163,296,1240,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FF194DDC8116FB4A" box="[163,296,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Aporandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are sister to part of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FDA24DDC8267FB49" box="[536,601,1240,1262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="663" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Joditi">Joditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and fall within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FF194DF280D9FAAB" box="[163,231,1270,1292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="663" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Joditi">Joditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We suspect that the subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FDFE4DF282EDFAAB" box="[580,723,1270,1292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FEC04C1181FEFA8C" box="[378,448,1301,1323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="663" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Joditi">Joditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FDFB4C1182F1FA8D" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[577,719,1301,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aporandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FDFB4C1182F1FA8D" box="[577,719,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Aporandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also belongs to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FEA04C308162FAED" box="[282,348,1332,1354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="663" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Joditi">Joditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but additional data are needed to validate this hypothesis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
451
data/03/C7/87/03C787B81D0F0717FC854D768429FCA4.xml
Normal file
451
data/03/C7/87/03C787B81D0F0717FC854D768429FCA4.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="CBC200B801DCD105C821B9E26AFAA221">
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<mods:title id="80C3A2D86E3CEC4ABC6EBE3AEC9687F4">Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BE829326389559F3E8D965570E0A6016">Jiang, Nan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B2B4222B463AD0AF7838680C8715E1BE">Cheng, Rui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CAAF1912DF9A5D059C4AAB8CC455D866">Xue, Dayong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6DEB6DCDE4B0E50DC3F64FD9DF58193A">Han, Hongxiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="AAE9A623A0A8526BD78AB350FB9A7140">2018-05-15</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="7D5951756A3A883439C93B86256FCBE5">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly013</mods:url>
|
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|
||||
<mods:classification id="80C5C7432DEC893E95D78B8E14355F11">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="B2AF5FC41EB33C11493DF9E1EB10DB9A" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zly013</mods:identifier>
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||||
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<treatment id="03C787B81D0F0717FC854D768429FCA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787B81D0F0717FC854D768429FCA4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787B81D0F0717FC854D768429FCA4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="665" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37465251D0F0710FC854D7685A0FB2D" box="[831,1438,1138,1163]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0F0710FC854D7685A0FB2D" blockId="11.[831,1438,1138,1163]" box="[831,1438,1138,1163]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">
|
||||
<heading id="D09981C21D0F0710FC854D7685A0FB2D" box="[831,1438,1138,1163]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FC854D7683EBFB2D" box="[831,981,1138,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dysphaniini">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0F0710FC854D7683EBFB2D" baselines="1157,1157" box="[831,981,1138,1163]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Dysphaniini" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">DYSPHANIINI</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FC484D7784B4FB2D" ID-CoL="92QLC" authority="PSEUDOTERPNINI S.S." authorityName="PSEUDOTERPNINI S. S." box="[1010,1162,1139,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xenozancla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0F0710FC484D7784B4FB2D" baselines="1156,1157" box="[1010,1162,1139,1162]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Xenozancla" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FC484D7784B4FB2D" box="[1010,1162,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">XENOZANCLA</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FB1D4D768553FB2D" box="[1191,1389,1138,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0F0710FB1D4D768553FB2D" baselines="1157,1157" box="[1191,1389,1138,1163]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Pseudoterpnini" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">PSEUDOTERPNINI</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FACF4D7285A0FB2D" box="[1397,1438,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0F0710FACF4D7285BDFB2D" baselines="1157" box="[1397,1411,1142,1162]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="s" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">S</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A0721D0F0710FA334D7285A9FB2D" baselines="1157" box="[1417,1431,1142,1162]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="s" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">S</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37465251D0F0717FC814D9F8429FCA4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="665" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0F0710FC814D9F84B1FA8C" blockId="11.[827,1443,1178,1906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">
|
||||
In this study, the grouping of Dysphaniini,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FA9B4D9E859DFB08" box="[1313,1443,1178,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xenozancla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FA9B4D9E859DFB08" box="[1313,1443,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Xenozancla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FCD74DBD8422FB68" box="[877,1052,1209,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FB994DBE847AFB68" box="[1059,1092,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||||
is fully supported in Bayesian analyses but only weakly supported in ML analyses, with Dysphaniini constituting a sister-group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FC814C118383FA8D" authority="Pseudoterpnini." authorityName="Pseudoterpnini." box="[827,957,1301,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xenozancla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FC814C118383FA8D" box="[827,957,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Xenozancla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FC634C1184B5FA8C" box="[985,1163,1301,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D0F0710FCE94C3083CFF8D5" blockId="11.[827,1443,1178,1906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">
|
||||
The Dysphaniini currently includes only two known genera,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FBB84C5684CBFACF" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[1026,1269,1362,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dysphania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FBB84C5684B7FAC0" box="[1026,1161,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Dysphania</emphasis>
|
||||
Hübner
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FA864C5783BBFA20" authority="Moore" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cusuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FA864C57859DFACF" box="[1340,1443,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Cusuma</emphasis>
|
||||
Moore
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which have been regarded as a natural group.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FC814C9483E0FA01" author="Warren W" box="[827,990,1424,1446]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="82 - 159" refId="ref16555" refString="Warren W. 1895. New species and genera of Geometridae in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae 2: 82-159." type="journal article" year="1895">Warren (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
treated the Dysphaniini as the subfamily
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FCD84CAA8435FA63" box="[866,1035,1454,1476]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dysphaniinae">Dysphaniinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Prout (1912) put
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FB514CAA8552FA64" box="[1259,1388,1454,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dysphania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FB514CAA8552FA64" box="[1259,1388,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Dysphania</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FC814CC983A0FA45" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1879" box="[827,926,1485,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cusuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FC814CC983A0FA45" box="[827,926,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Cusuma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
into Group III of Old World genera. Both treatments reflect the distinctive characters that these genera possess.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FB864F0E84C4F987" author="Holloway JD" box="[1084,1274,1546,1568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
presented the unique features of Dysphaniini (the presence of a forewing fovea in both sexes, ansa hammer-headed and lacking a central expansion) in detail and treated it as a sister-group to the rest of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FB394F818522F93C" box="[1155,1308,1669,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Our result is almost concordant with
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FBC24FA08542F91E" author="Sihvonen P & Mutanen M & Kaila L & Brehm G & Hausmann A & Staude HS" box="[1144,1404,1700,1722]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" refId="ref15986" refString="Sihvonen P, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Brehm G, Hausmann A, Staude HS. 2011. Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for Geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLoS One 6: e 20356." type="journal volume" year="2011">
|
||||
Sihvonen
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FB544FA08514F91E" box="[1262,1322,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2011)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in that we did not find support for a division between Dysphaniini and the remaining
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FB104FE5857EF950" box="[1194,1344,1761,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The difference from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D0F0710FC6C4E0484E9F8B2" author="Sihvonen P & Mutanen M & Kaila L & Brehm G & Hausmann A & Staude HS" box="[982,1239,1792,1814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" refId="ref15986" refString="Sihvonen P, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Brehm G, Hausmann A, Staude HS. 2011. Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for Geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLoS One 6: e 20356." type="journal volume" year="2011">
|
||||
Sihvonen
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FBF14E0484BBF8B2" box="[1099,1157,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2011)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
is that the sister relationship between Dysphaniini and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FB4E4E1A859CF893" box="[1268,1442,1822,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is not supported. Instead,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FBDA4E3984DCF8F5" box="[1120,1250,1853,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xenozancla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="664" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D0F0710FBDA4E3984DCF8F5" box="[1120,1250,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="664">Xenozancla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is clustered with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D0F0710FC814E5883D3F8D5" box="[827,1005,1884,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D080717FF1349C181E4FD43" blockId="12.[145,762,197,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF1349C1810CFF7D" ID-CoL="92QLC" box="[169,306,197,218]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xenozancla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF1349C1810CFF7D" box="[169,306,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Xenozancla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a small Asian genus that includes only one species. It has not been placed into any known tribes because its combined external and male genitalic features (small size, concavity of forewing distal margin under apex, the coexistence of a bifid uncus and socii, simple valva and long saccus) do not agree with those of known tribes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FE67487A8288FE35" author="Han HX & Xue DY" box="[477,694,381,403]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" refId="ref14310" refString="Han HX, Xue DY. 2011 a. Fauna sinica (Insecta vol. 54, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae). Beijing: Science Press [in Chinese with English abstract]." type="book" year="2011">Han & Xue, 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The present position of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FECC489881C2FE16" ID-CoL="92QLC" box="[374,508,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xenozancla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FECC489881C2FE16" box="[374,508,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Xenozancla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is doubtful, given its morphology.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE9048BE818CFE68" ID-CoL="92QLC" box="[298,434,442,463]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xenozancla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FE9048BE818CFE68" box="[298,434,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Xenozancla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is morphologically similar to some species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FECA48DD81DAFE49" ID-CoL="93P5W" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1996" box="[368,484,473,494]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pelagodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FECA48DD81DAFE49" box="[368,484,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pelagodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FDB748DD829DFE48" box="[525,675,473,495]" pageId="12" pageNumber="664" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Thalassoditi">Thalassoditi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as the socii of the male genitalia are attached to the base of the gnathos (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FE904B1381C1FD8B" author="Han HX & Xue DY" box="[298,511,535,556]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" refId="ref14310" refString="Han HX, Xue DY. 2011 a. Fauna sinica (Insecta vol. 54, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae). Beijing: Science Press [in Chinese with English abstract]." type="book" year="2011">Han & Xue, 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 390;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FDCA4B1380E8FDEC" author="Han HX & Xue DY" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="26 - 50" refId="ref14346" refString="Han HX, Xue DY. 2011 b. Thalassodes and related taxa of emerald moths in China (Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 3019: 26-50." type="journal article" year="2011">Han & Xue, 2011b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figs 33–34.). Prout (1912) mentioned its affinity with the African genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE734B508287FDCE" ID-CoL="923MQ" authority="Prout" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[457,697,596,617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bathycolpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FE734B508251FDCE" box="[457,623,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Bathycolpodes</emphasis>
|
||||
Prout
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; both genera have an anteriorly excavated distal margin of the forewing and almost identical wing patterns. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF2B4BB48128FD62" ID-CoL="92QLC" box="[145,278,688,709]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xenozancla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF2B4BB48128FD62" box="[145,278,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Xenozancla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the excavation on the hindwing is shallower than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE8A4BCA81EDFD44" ID-CoL="923MQ" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[304,467,718,739]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bathycolpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FE8A4BCA81EDFD44" box="[304,467,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Bathycolpodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D080717FF134BE98283FBB0" blockId="12.[145,762,197,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FF134BE981BAFCA5" author="Pitkin LM & Han HX & James S" box="[169,388,749,771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="343 - 412" refId="ref15614" refString="Pitkin LM, Han HX, James S. 2007. Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150: 343-412." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Pitkin
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF404BEA810AFCA5" box="[250,308,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2007)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided a comprehensive morphological review of the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FDAA4A0882EFFC85" box="[528,721,780,802]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in which 34 genera were recognized, covering most genera in the Pseudoterpninae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FE424A4E82A0FCF9" author="Warren W" box="[504,670,841,863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="341 - 434" refId="ref16493" refString="Warren W. 1893. On new genera and species of moths of the family Geometridae from India, in the collection of H. J. Elwes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 341-434." type="book chapter" year="1893">Warren, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FD154A4D82D7FCF9" author="Warren W" box="[687,745,841,862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="366 - 466" refId="ref16535" refString="Warren W. 1894. New genera and species of Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae 1: 366-466." type="journal article" year="1894">1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Groups I and II (Prout, 1912), Terpnini (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FDDE4A6C82D7FCD9" author="Inoue H" box="[612,745,872,894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14826" refString="Inoue H. 1961. Lepidoptera: Geometridae. Insecta Japonica 4: 1-106, Tokyo: Hokuryukan." type="journal article" year="1961">Inoue, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF2B4A828101FC3B" box="[145,319,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="654" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Archaeobalbini">Archaeobalbini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FEF54A82823FFC3C" author="Viidalepp J" box="[335,513,902,924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="90 - 95" refId="ref16284" refString="Viidalepp J. 1981. On the suprageneric systematics of Geometridae subfamily (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) [In Russian]. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Unionis Soveticae 63: 90-95." type="journal article" year="1981">Viidalepp, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Pingasini (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FD2E4A838102FC1D" author="Heppner JB & Inoue H" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" refId="ref14681" refString="Heppner JB, Inoue H. 1992. Lepidoptera of Taiwan. Volume 1, part 2: Checklist. Gainsville, Florida: Association for Tropical Lepidoptera and Scientific Publishers." type="book" year="1992">Heppner & Inoue, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FEED4AA1822FFC1C" box="[343,529,933,955]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FD994AA182CCFC1C" author="Hausmann A" box="[547,754,933,955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="3 - 90" refId="ref14453" refString="Hausmann A. 1996. The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries. Nota Lepidopterologica 19: 3-90." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausmann, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FF2B4AC080F6FC7E" author="Hausmann A" box="[145,200,964,985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref14479" refString="Hausmann A. 2001. Introduction. Archiearinae, Orthostixinae, Desmobathrinae, Alsophilinae, Geometrinae. In: HausmannA, ed. The geometrid moths of Europe, Vol. 1. Stenstrup: Apollo Books, 1-282." type="book chapter" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and Pseudoterpniti (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FE7F4AC0824CFC7D" author="Holloway JD" box="[453,626,964,986]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). They suggested that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FEA74AE681EEFC5F" box="[285,464,994,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was likely monophyletic, although no single defining character was found.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D080717FF134D2481F3F9A5" blockId="12.[145,762,197,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FF134D2481BCFB91" author="Hausmann A" box="[169,386,1056,1078]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="3 - 90" refId="ref14453" refString="Hausmann A. 1996. The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries. Nota Lepidopterologica 19: 3-90." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausmann (1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FE2C4D2481EFFB92" author="Hausmann A" box="[406,465,1056,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref14479" refString="Hausmann A. 2001. Introduction. Archiearinae, Orthostixinae, Desmobathrinae, Alsophilinae, Geometrinae. In: HausmannA, ed. The geometrid moths of Europe, Vol. 1. Stenstrup: Apollo Books, 1-282." type="book chapter" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) stated that some features of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF424D3A81C8FBF3" authority="Pungeler" authorityName="Pungeler" authorityYear="1900" box="[248,502,1086,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Holoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF424D3A8141FBF4" box="[248,383,1086,1107]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Holoterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
Püngeler
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FD8C4D3A82C6FBF3" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[566,760,1086,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aplasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FD8C4D3A82ADFBF4" box="[566,659,1086,1107]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Aplasta</emphasis>
|
||||
Hübner
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were anomalous within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE174D59825DFBD4" box="[429,611,1117,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the systematic position of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FEF74D788197FB36" box="[333,425,1148,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aplasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FEF74D788197FB36" box="[333,425,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Aplasta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
being particularly isolated. When
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FF674D9E81A3FB17" author="Holloway JD" box="[221,413,1178,1200]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="147 - 326" refId="ref14736" refString="Holloway JD. 1996. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. The Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147-326." type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
summarized the diagnosis of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF2B4DBD8172FB68" box="[145,332,1209,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, he also mentioned that the strong black discal dots and broad black bands on the underside, characteristic of most genera in this broad concept, are absent from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE2E4C11820AFA8D" box="[404,564,1301,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FE2E4C11820AFA8D" box="[404,564,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pseudoterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(though present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF0B4C30812FFAEE" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[177,273,1332,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pingasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF0B4C30812FFAEE" box="[177,273,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pingasa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FE934C308234FAEE" author="Pitkin LM & Han HX & James S" box="[297,522,1332,1354]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="343 - 412" refId="ref15614" refString="Pitkin LM, Han HX, James S. 2007. Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150: 343-412." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Pitkin
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FEC64C308189FAEE" box="[380,439,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2007)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also referred to the fact that the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54D5880C1D080717FE894C578159FACF" box="[307,359,1363,1384]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE054C56825CFAC0" box="[447,610,1362,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FE054C56825CFAC0" box="[447,610,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pseudoterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and several apparently related genera (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE494C75826DFA21" box="[499,595,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aplasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FE494C75826DFA21" box="[499,595,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Aplasta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FDDC4C7582CCFA21" authorityName="Pungeler" authorityYear="1900" box="[614,754,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Holoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FDDC4C7582CCFA21" box="[614,754,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Holoterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF2B4C9481BDFA02" authority="Prout" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1922" box="[145,387,1424,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Mictoschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF2B4C94810CFA02" box="[145,306,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Mictoschema</emphasis>
|
||||
Prout
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE7D4C948280FA02" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[455,702,1424,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Mimandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FE7D4C94826BFA02" box="[455,597,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Mimandria</emphasis>
|
||||
Warren
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) are anomalous in comparison with the rest of the tribe. All these statements imply that the monophyly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF2B4CE8817DF9A5" box="[145,323,1516,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is in doubt.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D080717FF134F0F84FFFE90" blockId="12.[145,762,197,1905]" lastBlockId="12.[809,1425,197,771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
|
||||
In this study, it is surprising that most Oriental and Palaearctic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FEDA4F2D8220F998" box="[352,542,1577,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genera in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FD164F2D8119F9FA" author="Pitkin LM & Han HX & James S" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="343 - 412" refId="ref15614" refString="Pitkin LM, Han HX, James S. 2007. Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150: 343-412." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Pitkin
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF2B4F4C80EEF9FA" box="[145,208,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2007)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE1A4F4C820BF9FA" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1893" box="[416,565,1608,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Herochroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FE1A4F4C820BF9FA" box="[416,565,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Herochroma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FDFD4F4C82CCF9FA" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[583,754,1608,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Metallolophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FDFD4F4C82CCF9FA" box="[583,754,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Metallolophia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF2B4F62817CF9DC" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[145,322,1638,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Actenochroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF2B4F62817CF9DC" box="[145,322,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Actenochroma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FEEF4F628195F9DC" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1893" box="[341,427,1638,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Absala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FEEF4F628195F9DC" box="[341,427,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Absala</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE054F63826EF9DB" authorityName="Yazaki" authorityYear="1992" box="[447,592,1639,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Metaterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FE054F63826EF9DB" box="[447,592,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Metaterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FDDE4F6282CCF9DC" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[612,754,1638,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilotagma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FDDE4F6282CCF9DC" box="[612,754,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Psilotagma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF2B4F81816CF93D" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1894" box="[145,338,1669,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Limbatochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF2B4F81816CF93D" box="[145,338,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Limbatochlamys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FEDA4F818183F93D" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1888" box="[352,445,1669,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dindica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FEDA4F818183F93D" box="[352,445,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Dindica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FE714F818272F93D" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[459,588,1669,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dindicodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FE714F818272F93D" box="[459,588,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Dindicodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FDE14F8182C7F93D" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[603,761,1669,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lophophelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FDE14F8182C7F93D" box="[603,761,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Lophophelma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF7B4FA0810BF91E" box="[193,309,1700,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF7B4FA0810BF91E" box="[193,309,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pachyodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are not clustered with the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54D5880C1D080717FDDF4FA082A8F91E" box="[613,662,1700,1721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
genus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF2B4FC6817FF97F" box="[145,321,1730,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FEF14FC681D8F970" box="[331,486,1730,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FEF14FC681D8F970" box="[331,486,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pseudoterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This result differs from other research, such as
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FE234FE582B3F951" author="Sihvonen P & Mutanen M & Kaila L & Brehm G & Hausmann A & Staude HS" box="[409,653,1761,1783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" refId="ref15986" refString="Sihvonen P, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Brehm G, Hausmann A, Staude HS. 2011. Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for Geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLoS One 6: e 20356." type="journal volume" year="2011">
|
||||
Sihvonen
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FDB34FE6827EF951" box="[521,576,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2011)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in which only two genera and two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FD864FFB82CAF8B2" box="[572,756,1791,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FF2B4E1A8212F893" authority="(Hubner)" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" box="[145,556,1822,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronillaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FF2B4E1A8185F894" box="[145,443,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pseudoterpna coronillaria</emphasis>
|
||||
(Hübner)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FDDC4E1A8145F8F5" authority="(Donovan)" baseAuthorityName="Donovan" baseAuthorityYear="1805" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Crypsiphona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocultaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FDDC4E1A80C4F8F5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Crypsiphona ocultaria</emphasis>
|
||||
(Donovan)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, were sampled. This result probably further proves that the monophyly of the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC9349C183E1FF7C" box="[809,991,197,219]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is problematic. We tentatively treat the concept of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC6C49E784B5FF5E" box="[982,1163,227,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B5F1D080717FB0B49E785AFFF5E" author="Pitkin LM & Han HX & James S" box="[1201,1425,227,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" pagination="343 - 412" refId="ref15614" refString="Pitkin LM, Han HX, James S. 2007. Moths of the tribe Pseudoterpnini (Geometridae: Geometrinae): a review of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150: 343-412." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Pitkin
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FAB949E08501FF5F" box="[1283,1343,227,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2007)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FCF748068436FEBF" box="[845,1032,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FBA948068408FEB0" box="[1043,1078,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">s.l.</emphasis>
|
||||
and genera centred around
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC93482583FAFE91" box="[809,964,289,310]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC93482583FAFE91" box="[809,964,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pseudoterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC50482584A6FE90" box="[1002,1176,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB1A482684FFFE90" box="[1184,1217,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD136AE1D080717FCFB48448429FCA4" blockId="12.[809,1425,197,771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">
|
||||
Prout (1912–16) stated that the larva of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FA8B484485AFFEF2" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1329,1425,320,341]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pingasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FA8B484485AFFEF2" box="[1329,1425,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pingasa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
seems to be allied with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FBF6485A84D1FED4" box="[1100,1263,350,371]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FBF6485A84D1FED4" box="[1100,1263,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pseudoterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and that the latter is probably descended from the former. In this study,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FCC2489F8424FE17" box="[888,1050,411,432]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudoterpna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FCC2489F8424FE17" box="[888,1050,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pseudoterpna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FBE048988484FE16" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[1114,1210,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pingasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FBE048988484FE16" box="[1114,1210,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pingasa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form a monophyletic clade representing
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FBE548BE8520FE77" box="[1119,1310,442,464]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FA9348BF8573FE77" box="[1321,1357,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||||
with full support, validating the close relationship mentioned by Prout. These genera also share a similar wing pattern (distinctive transverse lines) and male genitalia (e.g. bifid socii) with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB1F4B3185B2FDEC" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1888" box="[1189,1420,565,587]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epipristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB1F4B318523FDED" box="[1189,1309,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Epipristis</emphasis>
|
||||
Meyrick
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC934B5783F2FDCF" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1922" box="[809,972,595,616]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Mictoschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC934B5783F2FDCF" box="[809,972,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Mictoschema</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC5B4B57844FFDCF" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[993,1137,595,616]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Mimandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC5B4B57844FFDCF" box="[993,1137,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Mimandria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FB3F4B578568FDCE" authority="Prout" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[1157,1366,595,617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypodoxa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB3F4B57853CFDCF" box="[1157,1282,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Hypodoxa</emphasis>
|
||||
Prout
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC934B76849FFD2F" authority="Holloway. However" authorityName="Holloway. However" box="[809,1185,626,648]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pullichroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="665" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC934B768384FD20" box="[809,954,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">Pullichroma</emphasis>
|
||||
Holloway. However
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, to determine which genera belong to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC564B9584A4FD00" box="[1004,1178,657,679]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FB184B9584FDFD01" box="[1186,1219,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">s.s.</emphasis>
|
||||
, a more extensive phylogenetic study including all the related genera in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D2D1D080717FC934BCA83E9FD43" box="[809,983,718,740]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoterpnini">Pseudoterpnini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91AEABC1D080717FC644BCA83C3FD44" box="[990,1021,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="665">s.l.</emphasis>
|
||||
and not only Oriental genera, as in this study, is needed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue