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<document id="19575B4E081CBBA03320F71436B71DC1" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.112.140487" ID-publisher-id="140487" URI-arpha="BB9C516E-18E7-5350-A350-B22F2BC142D4" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1736270946454" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pan, Xiaoyan, Chen, Zongzhu, Chen, Yiqing, Lei, Jinrui, Chen, Xiaohua, Wu, Tingtian &amp; Li, Yuanling" docDate="2025" docId="F10FD265F3535914B4D8FA1672AF05B2" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 112: 17-34" docOrigin="MycoKeys 112" docSource="https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/140487/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.mycokeys" docTitle="Xylaria acifer Xiao Y. Pan 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="BB9C516E18E75350A350B22F2BC142D4" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Xylaria (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) associated with fallen leaves in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, China" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1736278272290" updateUser="admin">
<mods:mods id="08318B5AC101771421C09938C1F8A32C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7ACEF3FC7C9665224ACE90A8D1E74535">
<mods:title id="7062992B70C1C07E19215BEC32D1AFA8">Two new species of Xylaria (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) associated with fallen leaves in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="95FB3F15B7770F779EB0080B13C7AE60" type="personal">
<mods:role id="15C1F100D5628731A9E6CC9F3693EEC4">
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<mods:namePart id="7EECA670A5D038CAB96857ADBC042E86">Pan, Xiaoyan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C70F9D8E90E75E5E971E4B55B7BDD628" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3244-7486</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="395F37AFC3ADB9580463CE4415552084">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3F99C36F604784F5C55D9B7D2640FA3E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7EA8914EC29BAECFBF70FE446A6133EF">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C00FD03B23B4D7D3823E378C7D535C42">Chen, Zongzhu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D7DCB6C1A9275C7A0D822DC0FC354ED" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1464-1159</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C1D5B6EC9623EAD9B69203BF22AE1178">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1BA1C7F79A3AAE1421A8FE10376199FE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2EE80AC3CDDABA98040595770DBB16DF">
<mods:roleTerm id="3CEF82DA9EB9861A3F9839CC61643E77">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CE214EA4C1799CCF7191B3F8D259D57C">Chen, Yiqing</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="819CE18F5C584A526506F586209B4909" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4416-6932</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C2068FBE604F506535D928453D345701">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="7C13398A1182DFD16F33F0BE635D2E5C">
<mods:roleTerm id="976251BBE4065D329065652C4F14112C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4C7E26008D5A3CDF3C83C0200A46DAD1">Lei, Jinrui</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B498F4A4E37F230780DD365E35109BC1">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4CD944DDC03197983E1FD17470EFA598">Chen, Xiaohua</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6118161507DD06153BCC850126674E9E" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5421-5509</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B0D2445EE0E38C7365ABEF19270F6535">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6D47F8CC392EF86DDC30063EAFE760F8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C21BB1D982E5A94BA1C6ADD828D9BF6A">
<mods:roleTerm id="D0971C63C8E27E0D9B6593660C1195DC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D99D55F85BB1F438F3BA4AFAD091FAB7">Wu, Tingtian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA15873C3F324C205DAE7C6A3E454EA8" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8934-9255</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="61BB146ABF0E88C8BB67F5D573DE436B">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="121D71D009C54EF1F61A0BC6A59FE531">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="10F94371BA2DD4CEE6717BFC9E71C96D">Li, Yuanling</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2A53AE8F5617342558F9A06203906C43" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4826-6021</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AB250AE9904C51BB84E8EDA024952A52">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="6D7238D5C068CF78BC92390C0C89FD21">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="7E2AF22F8D5DAA919C83F40DA211A2DB" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="7C381606F05BFC7BA7F22116F228D378">
<mods:title id="8B1B5D929CEC993722188F627C390D7F">MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CFCE7032F13C3ECC9445A5DD90C2D1E4">
<mods:date id="D2EE7B882FCEEB11D8BAE8E415E3DBB3">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CF404BF3EA26B620B2A171BD4F74FD92" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="E82160FC322E4109F3BDC2069A8BD439">2025-01-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7F81A0745E42619EF08BB86A66956A7B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="675B1A53EA4935788C06EF5E18594080">112</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="76EFC6AC46332F8B744779C3ED96E531" unit="page">
<mods:start id="2011462330C704DE419DC4966A0F761D">17</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FD5E74D7939F965009EF601F5138E73A">34</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F6350EA2B3B5166FA27C9649B1D4E952">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="81A8BB18EFE1B3D13A44FF011331A307" type="DOI">10.3897/mycokeys.112.140487</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="F10FD265F3535914B4D8FA1672AF05B2" ID-arpha="F10FD265-F353-5914-B4D8-FA1672AF05B2" ID-mycobank="MycoBank No: 856020" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F10FD265F3535914B4D8FA1672AF05B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10FD265F3535914B4D8FA1672AF05B2" scope_family="Xylariaceae" scope_phylum="Ascomycota">
<subSubSection id="3EEB59369A7659A5518C8168249A4C86" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BA7C55BF04D701B31AF40DE2D869A533">
<taxonomicName id="5ED409D3DF3C923AB7EAD18BCD851F87" authority="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="352715E8AEA8D4BBAE91DE50362874B0" italics="true">Xylaria acifer</emphasis>
Xiao Y. Pan
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="36E278053E4B79184C675CC1274E94D6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A149DC3F15192D434A2CCA1A524B5D58" type="description">
<paragraph id="95846929D387F1E35BD9532DE3AA5333">
<figureCitation id="D48C6242249B4356CF3AC419DC277751" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xylaria acifer (HAFFR 122) a stromata on leaves b stromatal surface and ostioles (arrow) c section through stroma, showing perithecia d ascus in Melzer’s reagent e, f ascospore showing non-cellular appendages in 1 % SDS (arrows) g, h ascal apical ring in Melzer’s reagent i ascospores in Melzer’s reagent j ascus in water k ascospore showing a nearly spore-length straight germ slit in Melzer’s reagent l ascospore under SEM. Scale bars: 1 cm (a); 200 µm (b, c); 10 µm (d – k); 5 µm (l)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.140487.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1215336">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EV6CI" type="Holotype">
<paragraph id="ED3EB176C04554AF6D998E8B7352D124">
<heading id="10465CF1A1ABD1F1942AF06CA52E8456" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="AD219D355FA7494B51B9E151C86752C9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C629EFECE761DC677E3CCEE0D87F2BB1">
<materialsCitation id="332245BE58CE361CADBB849D2295A5A8" collectedFrom="on fallen leaves" collectingDate="2023-06-18" collectionCode="ITS" collectorName="Xiaoyan Pan" country="China" elevation="973" latitude="18.726389" location="Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.86972" municipality="Diaoluoshan Area" specimenCode="HAFFR 122, TUB 2, RPB 2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="FF0A0E54A3A49D14A057B7EE8E97320E" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingRegion id="72D9E295384946AF82EEBDB1F17D0639" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="F6479B7B003418BA4D04BE2DA41EA9DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F10FD265F3535914B4D8FA1672AF05B2:F6479B7B003418BA4D04BE2DA41EA9DD" country="China" latitude="18.726389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.86972" municipality="Diaoluoshan Area" name="Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park" stateProvince="Hainan Province">Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E56CI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[109.869722,18.726389]}">
<geoCoordinate id="F80E68AFF751AE823BCAEF1EFC279DA0" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="18.726389">18°43'35&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E104BADC7040EB140738452173883935" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="109.86972">109°52'11&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<elevation id="26E357BE9EF814E0B99AC3EE597800C4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.73" unit="m" value="973.0">
elevation
<quantity id="6838F68FA93CC47CFAB6390792D6CE17" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.73" unit="m" value="973.0">973 m</quantity>
</elevation>
;
<collectedFrom id="D3EA38056F79E8A84FDC2684D42191D2">on fallen leaves</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="552F62520D1262B53513354114261C14" value="2023-06-18">
<collectingDate id="1508245C2EB9E549BE1FE8F7FF307C42" value="2023-06-18">18 June 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="5E6FF74FFF451118011D86DBA7B0F913">Xiaoyan Pan</collectorName>
(
<specimenCode id="6B9B46E5070DBA4504771092CA177D02" collectionCode="HAFFR">HAFFR 122</specimenCode>
). GenBank accession numbers
<ext-link id="00E3870AE2CF9E61A2B3719885D18565" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ483147" xlink_type="simple">PQ 483147</ext-link>
(ITS),
<ext-link id="9687CD4B637DDD973A3B7D3466BA3D3D" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ498329" xlink_type="simple">PQ 498329</ext-link>
(
<specimenCode id="B9F1B7B9D77B6D153A52CAE20CC92383" collectionCode="TUB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12972" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12972" name="Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen" type="Herbarium">TUB 2</specimenCode>
), and
<ext-link id="DF140B43186648F6F9CE9ADC62136548" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ498326" xlink_type="simple">PQ 498326</ext-link>
(
<specimenCode id="0A9B85B8014CDC133FC66E717EBC6F2D" collectionCode="RPB">RPB 2</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="771AB9EC09692ED796F0E64D98E5A4FC" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.112.140487.figure2" ID-arpha="338CE45F-1973-53AF-9873-E3603C388580" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1215336" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="94587906DCA318AF1EDF67F2551C1506">
<label id="03B6E3DFE1EB492665EBE39CA2A2E06B">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="97E61076F189F45F52A48C6F956C4FDA">
<taxonomicName id="B3F7D780D14651478CC69CAABB482F85" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="20A09803E62EEC5EE70BB4E0ABA18F02" italics="true">Xylaria acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HAFFR 122) a stromata on leaves
<emphasis id="5EEDBAE4C4B852D817CC261D65F76B8F" bold="true">b</emphasis>
stromatal surface and ostioles (arrow)
<emphasis id="974D0DE7429836FAB71B0DD8C027DB3D" bold="true">c</emphasis>
section through stroma, showing perithecia
<emphasis id="AD158D96350D06F702083654DC84400A" bold="true">d</emphasis>
ascus in Melzer’s reagent
<emphasis id="B60AD9E578590F4150EA0632914E5460" bold="true">e, f</emphasis>
ascospore showing non-cellular appendages in 1 % SDS (arrows)
<emphasis id="7735E297CBAAD74C23AF589B82B02D00" bold="true">g, h</emphasis>
ascal apical ring in Melzer’s reagent
<emphasis id="77798BD1A65EBB4006217A0A67580DFA" bold="true">i</emphasis>
ascospores in Melzer’s reagent
<emphasis id="2F19E140ACFC32F1EE6B994B281A9E7A" bold="true">j</emphasis>
ascus in water
<emphasis id="7AE025145E690BCDA43953A61910FEAC" bold="true">k</emphasis>
ascospore showing a nearly spore-length straight germ slit in Melzer’s reagent
<emphasis id="D7A9005A454FA45E0BA784BC53A273AF" bold="true">l</emphasis>
ascospore under SEM. Scale bars: 1 cm (
<emphasis id="724C4EACB5B8103B81D496758D84AC22" bold="true">a</emphasis>
); 200 µm (
<emphasis id="5C4025B0C7F61AEB83654EE0595E380D" bold="true">b, c</emphasis>
); 10 µm (
<emphasis id="17BFF34D9D91827EBA37062181FD7EA4" bold="true">d – k</emphasis>
); 5 µm (
<emphasis id="CBAAD99A710533A8D0D3F01C6716AF4D" bold="true">l</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EECDI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E845D580BAEE12CA6A53D659FAD3E797">
<heading id="F88FB4E134A4ADEE282FAAEBBAD47A0B" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6F1BBB6C564AD46EB5833E3EA3C394E">
Differs from
<taxonomicName id="7F6BCD8805C689FCD76E59183D93E1C3" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hedyosmicola">
<emphasis id="94DFA258CF86A8BF699454D500294E2E" italics="true">X. hedyosmicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller ascospores. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="F27732684CE4983DE18D2EDD79E87005" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vittatipiliformis">
<emphasis id="2191CFED18DEF2D19F96D26BD6524D20" italics="true">X. vittatipiliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of band-like stripes on its stromata surfaces and its smaller ascospores. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="43BF44A6E722E556EAE77D6BB59DAE05" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vittiformis">
<emphasis id="C2EDA4F8CFD865B275057DD253CB48DF" italics="true">X. vittiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of band-like stripes on its stromata surfaces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELDDI" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AF83589450235994D279DB030642BB88">
<heading id="60EDDD1E9BC085CCA3968223E622963E" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C511A70DD37528088259BA180F0398EC">
<taxonomicName id="59BA6450B66032FA7579E75F41A46A66" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
“
<emphasis id="6A2C79AFF8E4373958CF1920E0D1C1AD" italics="true">acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” refers to the needle-like shape of the stromata.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2DDI" type="Teleomorph">
<paragraph id="E51C0AC19281B314B61CDE9B07C3E031">
<heading id="186254D626169CAD1A8ACDF1250BF390" reason="title">Teleomorph.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2AC04C289C506EAB3A5035AAEE705A0A">
<emphasis id="39E7D2ECEEF9F062328FF2B620DA628F" bold="true" italics="true">Stromata</emphasis>
upright, solitary, needle-like, unbranched,
<quantity id="AC4B58256DE9EFE25D8DE77888A272C1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="25.0">25–50 mm</quantity>
total length; acute sterile apex,
<quantity id="793C5D611FD19C61CF02432183AA2956" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">2–10 mm</quantity>
; fertile portion
<quantity id="431E6A651F4C5DF07D22B563ABAB794E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="D1F7FA0D68400A57A5D2C5ECE52D03EC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.2 mm</quantity>
diam., elongate cylindrical, composed of tightly arranged perithecia; stipe glabrous,
<quantity id="C57CE34773CFCF55B2A800A85A689C32" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="15.0">15–40 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="F396DC80D08156BE1B096971D7962882" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
diam., longitudinally striate, the base slightly swollen; surface roughened, black, with conspicuous to half-exposed perithecial mounds; interior white to creamy; texture soft.
<emphasis id="76745DAFEFC54EBCF1A7603EC246E9A6" bold="true" italics="true">Perithecia</emphasis>
spherical, 250–500 µm diam.
<emphasis id="FDC3C841D36B06CCBBFF4A8D28B53A6F" bold="true" italics="true">Ostioles</emphasis>
papillate.
<emphasis id="ACE14D2435024F75703F2A07026BF41C" bold="true" italics="true">Asci</emphasis>
with eight ascospores arranged in uniseriate manner, cylindrical, 90–150 µm total length, spore-bearing part 60–85 µm long × 5.5–7.5 µm wide, stipe 30–70 µm long, with a bluing apical ring in Melzer’s reagent, tubular to slightly urn-shaped, 1.8–3.5 µm high × 1.4–2.5 µm diam.
<emphasis id="3FFD62D777AC41E2B4E8D738857D1207" bold="true" italics="true">Ascospores</emphasis>
brown to dark brown, unicellular, ellipsoid to fusiform, inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, smooth, (9.3 –) 10–11 (– 12) × 3.7–4.7 µm (M = 10.6 × 4.2 µm, N = 40), with straight germ slit nearly the full length of the spore on the flattened side, a hyaline sheath visible in 1 % SDS, swollen at both ends, forming non-cellular appendages.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXEDI" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="F1C9FC4F361F4DC75904ADC4276FDE84">
<heading id="B511C0B2D5791F03F3E6BA91E2874FD1" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6FECF2CEC8B66FE04CA9895E09E596B6">
<taxonomicName id="436D2F451C0669CB0F385438E74C483D" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="144EAE80F4E0DC238B8806307D3D1720" italics="true">Xylaria acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clusters with
<taxonomicName id="830D7B5DBAF0C6594398357700D5DC7F" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hedyosmicola">
<emphasis id="C49F449961D311FE68173CD10B53C02C" italics="true">X. hedyosmicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the phylogenetic tree, and they share some similarities in stromatal morphology, yet they also exhibit distinct differences. The stromata of
<taxonomicName id="3D664C2C8D0DB297475B23878FFFF32B" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hedyosmicola">
<emphasis id="53FFC2BF013FC591BD06EF337DDC04EE" italics="true">X. hedyosmicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess more prominent perithecial mounds (half-exposed to fully exposed), and its ascospores are brown, ellipsoid, and larger (( 12 –) 13–15 (– 16.7) × (6 –) 6.5–7.5 (– 8.5) µm) (
<bibRefCitation id="D35FF932AB943DCC0CC3376CE9D7F13B" DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623" author="Pan" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pan" journalOrPublisher="MycoKeys" pagination="47-63" refId="B29" refString="Pan XY, Song ZK, Qu Z, Liu TD, Ma HX (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47–63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623" title="Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park." volume="86" year="2022">Pan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="CFD6D90BB801382ADE21EE76A299E8A7" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vittatipiliformis">
<emphasis id="B58734B1D9083C6AFD8F4EB76B7724F4" italics="true">Xylaria vittatipiliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Y. - M. Ju, H. - M. Hsieh &amp; Fournier and
<taxonomicName id="3007CBDDF47D580344E878F4597C6748" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vittiformis">
<emphasis id="C8C3C6BF92F4D435A461418D3A6CEEAA" italics="true">X. vittiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Y. - M. Ju &amp; H. - M. Hsieh are morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="1E11C4FB46B2372D240B792A61093B7E" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="163BF8404D679A454D4400251764B52B" italics="true">X. acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="709487BC8B8CB48027631858B102033B" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vittatipiliformis">
<emphasis id="47E7397186C1E518702C0A7DFE8D0369" italics="true">Xylaria vittatipiliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by its band-like striped grayish brown outer peeling layer and larger ascospores (( 10 –) 11–12 (– 12.5) × (5.5 –) 6–7 (– 7.5) µm) (
<bibRefCitation id="ACFD81B57252BF3ECE88EC5A35E1AE6E" DOI="10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" author="Ju and Hsieh" firstAuthor="Ju" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Studies" pagination="19" refId="B17" refString="Ju YM, Hsieh HM (2023) Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles. Botanical Studies 64 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" title="Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles." volume="64" year="2023">Ju and Hsieh 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="2EBB7FA15D863D424A6B6489DC531A17" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vittiformis">
<emphasis id="22964F9859E836837A3C31C619D952B1" italics="true">Xylaria vittiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separated from
<taxonomicName id="B992ECFCF95A4F1D71300BBAF6811299" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="D50889DD8750A2000CA18F4C5B132FDB" italics="true">X. acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its grayish brown outer peeling layer split into band-like stripes, smaller perithecia (150–200 μm broad), and ellipsoid ascospores, (8 –) 8.5–10 (– 11) × (4 –) 4.5–5 (– 5.5) µm (
<bibRefCitation id="6368572499D1CC1071B66D129D9879B4" DOI="10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" author="Ju and Hsieh" firstAuthor="Ju" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Studies" pagination="19" refId="B17" refString="Ju YM, Hsieh HM (2023) Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles. Botanical Studies 64 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" title="Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles." volume="64" year="2023">Ju and Hsieh 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E5C3057FDB1E7318100277A079EF1839">
<taxonomicName id="AF80CBD8FDBE33222BBC0CAE8D8506FB" authority="Y. M. Ju &amp; H. M. Hsieh" authorityName="Y. M. Ju &amp; H. M. Hsieh" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="appendiculatoides">
<emphasis id="58363B4945D1AE7CDC73AE5D375CA2B8" italics="true">Xylaria appendiculatoides</emphasis>
Y. M. Ju &amp; H. M. Hsieh
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E77D74FA6E57D72790BF839C674C5BC8" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Podosordaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis id="574B9B4909D41BF55B81B140D7D36C4D" italics="true">X. filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0371874C666DF6489A81AA1B3610BA" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="simplicissima">
<emphasis id="D1E93C277E818B744A4410695B1B6FA9" italics="true">X. simplicissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also similar to
<taxonomicName id="D236B85E5563BE695B15B5624B1FBBF3" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="B9C65E2E87ED1B25364D66DFFF45AFA1" italics="true">X. acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in stromatal morphology but are distinctly different.
<taxonomicName id="9230359C1D98D0021572ED82C21B62A4" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="appendiculatoides">
<emphasis id="CE58F7295BD362C0ABC0C318B0A8BC0D" italics="true">Xylaria appendiculatoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has stromata with sharper ostioles (conic-papillate, tilting upwards) and larger ascospores (( 14 –) 15–16 (– 17) × (6.5 –) 7.0–7.5 (– 8) µm) (
<bibRefCitation id="23073130F51AC698A5040E20A000CE59" DOI="10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" author="Ju and Hsieh" firstAuthor="Ju" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Studies" pagination="19" refId="B17" refString="Ju YM, Hsieh HM (2023) Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles. Botanical Studies 64 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" title="Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles." volume="64" year="2023">Ju and Hsieh 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="23B72B587989B4DBBFB1564D49B1CA87" baseAuthorityName="Ju and Hsieh" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis id="53301DD2F8F9F94743395FDCEF472B8F" italics="true">Xylaria filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="943B4293981115BDD0232882F951B7FC" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="simplicissima">
<emphasis id="5BDAE86977A3784A6C5B78AF69DD3946" italics="true">X. simplicissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have ascospores that are markedly different from those of
<taxonomicName id="D4C1811C4BD90F8AC38D493E208D5215" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="9A3A18FD97F01546AAA801373FB5E82E" italics="true">X. acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="9BA121B85704920FFB32E7454DB586A0" baseAuthorityName="Ju and Hsieh" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis id="4B8A03738CD7C94259501C051CC39DCD" italics="true">Xylaria filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has light brown ascospores that are larger (( 9.5 –) 11.5–13.5 (– 14.5) × (4 –) 4.5–5.5 (– 6) µm) (
<bibRefCitation id="C8A96275A4FD8A739CACABD3ECB00149" DOI="10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" author="Ju and Hsieh" firstAuthor="Ju" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Studies" pagination="19" refId="B17" refString="Ju YM, Hsieh HM (2023) Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles. Botanical Studies 64 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" title="Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles." volume="64" year="2023">Ju and Hsieh 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="44DD86E271B0B2BAD205F5B26C87121B" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="simplicissima">
<emphasis id="569418226D3BE6F69D24E119CD0E4147" italics="true">Xylaria simplicissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has larger ascospores (( 15 –) 16.5–19 (– 21.5) × (5 –) 5.5–6.5 (– 7.5) µm) that lack non-cellular appendages (
<bibRefCitation id="87D64FA06BF4F1D5A62CD604E34C35BE" DOI="10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" author="Ju and Hsieh" firstAuthor="Ju" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Studies" pagination="19" refId="B17" refString="Ju YM, Hsieh HM (2023) Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles. Botanical Studies 64 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" title="Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles." volume="64" year="2023">Ju and Hsieh 2023</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="9669B3176495E75B661BC2715EDD7F10" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="3BD4DDD6CAC8F2EB56425467CEC2F497" italics="true">X. acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BC652DD1288679FF3B75DA19302628F5" baseAuthorityName="Ju and Hsieh" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis id="3E783331DA3644DF66E979760CBA5B6A" italics="true">X. filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="15C3F08AE6AD4B409C9B7C8F1648AAF9" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="simplicissima">
<emphasis id="32BA5442049AC5BEB9AAC44F60BC0309" italics="true">X. simplicissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distributed in different clades in the phylogenetic tree.
<taxonomicName id="EB6261AEABFCFB934D0CBD1C5BBD218F" authority="(Dennis) D. Hawksw." authorityName="D. Hawksw." baseAuthorityName="Dennis" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="maitlandii">
<emphasis id="B0D841FF05D46D4F6349D169D2DC0137" italics="true">Xylaria maitlandii</emphasis>
(Dennis) D. Hawksw.
</taxonomicName>
has a somewhat similar stromatal shape to
<taxonomicName id="112F3202DEBC52BFCED6F877D0B6861C" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="EFE4DECA9585FCF722B087AF46C47AB4" italics="true">X. acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="D45754848F501FF2A10B749B2F121272" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="maitlandii">
<emphasis id="0AF853145E2B77C9A496B518ECC0B3E9" italics="true">X. maitlandii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has hairy stromata, which clearly distinguishes it from
<taxonomicName id="651F05D5DAB2835FD13F6561E6946A26" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="6E5D5551C4EDD027828E39E2242F3433" italics="true">X. acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="168C98089F3AB60D1DE75154282357A8" DOI="10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" author="Ju and Hsieh" firstAuthor="Ju" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Studies" pagination="19" refId="B17" refString="Ju YM, Hsieh HM (2023) Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles. Botanical Studies 64 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" title="Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles." volume="64" year="2023">Ju and Hsieh 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZODI" type="Additional specimen examined">
<paragraph id="56E2AED1AAFFDF25099F7A5C12615E14">
<heading id="A50997C566A00D8B7D41614A165F548C" reason="title">Additional specimen examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3423BA6941F5E8398D763E089DD608AD">
<materialsCitation id="9DEF3CE15527793180B977B9E13D5774" collectedFrom="on fallen leaves" collectingDate="2023-06-18" collectionCode="ITS" collectorName="Xiaoyan Pan" country="China" elevation="937" latitude="18.725279" location="Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.87056" municipality="Diaoluoshan Area" specimenCode="HAFFR 130, RPB 2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan Province">
<collectingCountry id="0FDCC5CE31F8952E4DE6F45A038194D1" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingRegion id="7B9E76A38664CB4E853209DFF93CB6B4" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="CE9E10F812F9B0C139FED8B1F45F0B5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F10FD265F3535914B4D8FA1672AF05B2:CE9E10F812F9B0C139FED8B1F45F0B5F" country="China" latitude="18.725279" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.87056" municipality="Diaoluoshan Area" name="Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park" stateProvince="Hainan Province">Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ECPDI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[109.870556,18.725278]}">
<geoCoordinate id="C8382EF17F288E6CB8743A5739BA1392" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="18.725279">18°43'31&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4DB70F2754F80C745E3AEB925FC78449" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="109.87056">109°52'14&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<elevation id="828D268D5433BF1D77D1677B9936181C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.37" unit="m" value="937.0">
elevation
<quantity id="5C9ED80B26F3C9455CA2DAF281C168BA" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.37" unit="m" value="937.0">937 m</quantity>
</elevation>
;
<collectedFrom id="8DFE70D2D50792718D3003E524F935E1">on fallen leaves</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="C1B991FF832958A64A88878100D9E2CF" value="2023-06-18">
<collectingDate id="06EF94D89B9C20AF786C20CE54FB4507" value="2023-06-18">18 June 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="4389FD2C689E0EA1A3D02B894C77264A">Xiaoyan Pan</collectorName>
(
<specimenCode id="A1D22CD04FB69139E1C0CD4F92B64182" collectionCode="HAFFR">HAFFR 130</specimenCode>
). GenBank accession numbers
<ext-link id="B83C2F302F82B23AF165E09C0DE5575F" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ483150" xlink_type="simple">PQ 483150</ext-link>
(ITS) and
<ext-link id="013C05006BF72F5CB004847DA987FC47" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ498328" xlink_type="simple">PQ 498328</ext-link>
(
<specimenCode id="C8F0C12BB39C2A6B0395CD76B910EFE1" collectionCode="RPB">RPB 2</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

469
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<mods:title id="1B035BA8881D56AF8ED24294D01C61D4">Two new species of Xylaria (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) associated with fallen leaves in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="34792F83907D4C9D972D9E21BE3DC44E">Pan, Xiaoyan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="896AAF48D5D86C5A555B5E0DA781A112">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C3FBC3BEC1DAC7C71D56EF70B8915741">Chen, Zongzhu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="537218324C124BFABFE86EB5B430A3B9">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4E4523937CCA5FE723EDD5011A6A245A">Chen, Yiqing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3B156A4124BDBAAD947326CA184B27AF">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="026408127B36CEC50B3A3FF7550A916D">Lei, Jinrui</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AC4D0B9460CECB346980F429411EDA3E">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="98B8A34E87F310FDE055271FDE32ED16">Chen, Xiaohua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B05B113052319881BF0697003D055A55">Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China &amp; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571100, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3773F304FA16AE497210B61209BAC390">Wu, Tingtian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6FE4ECA0C65F12631991A9EED5A5F3D9">Li, Yuanling</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="05E85B86EA229AC29F36AB3229B46661">MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:date id="A692348FF5C88829918EB3B521121C8D">2025</mods:date>
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<treatment id="FF6C9A8BE57D5D7E9E2A5620AE7E46C8" ID-arpha="FF6C9A8B-E57D-5D7E-9E2A-5620AE7E46C8" ID-mycobank="MycoBank No: 856021" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6C9A8BE57D5D7E9E2A5620AE7E46C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF6C9A8BE57D5D7E9E2A5620AE7E46C8" scope_family="Xylariaceae" scope_phylum="Ascomycota">
<subSubSection id="3654A93B72CDE75E68466012E596BBE2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4852E1706CD25D7C4426949EB6E7AC1A">
<taxonomicName id="413703357713F5211D1274B1EA3E197F" authority="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuberculosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2B03B7CE874F5257A927E62F763F974" italics="true">Xylaria tuberculosa</emphasis>
Xiao Y. Pan
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47B6AFEEE95F19AB89AD5CD641952AD9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EE90ACDDEE6B4941C4340700D9C7799C" type="description">
<paragraph id="A700BA1DEA3B97DE98ABB17A4E0EC13B">
<figureCitation id="2ED50EF84BED50CA3878DE5054A2B1B1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Xylaria tuberculosa (HAFFR 123) a stromata on leaves b, d stromatal surface and ostioles (arrow) c section through stroma, showing perithecia e, f ascus in 1 % SDS g ascospores in water h ascal apical ring in Melzer’s reagent i ascospore showing a slightly shorter than spore-length straight germ slit in water j ascospore showing non-cellular appendages in 1 % SDS (arrows) k, l ascospores under SEM. Scale bars: 0.5 cm (a); 200 µm (b – d); 10 µm (e – j, l); 5 µm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.112.140487.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1215337">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6QDI" type="Holotype">
<paragraph id="42D4A76656295BE68D36B2A0298820B8">
<heading id="3F5931F6ACF3FEDA12AB523273155B03" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="665050DD567E480B4DF6F5C7FC96F328" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D21C6D1B3B47C3538027789D26FA3983">
<materialsCitation id="0648D95190E53823F3E12192CA8C4701" collectedFrom="on fallen leaves" collectingDate="2023-06-18" collectionCode="ITS" collectorName="Xiaoyan Pan" country="China" elevation="932" latitude="18.725834" location="Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.87222" municipality="Diaoluoshan Area" specimenCode="HAFFR 123, TUB 2, RPB 2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="C93283E8C57616CF098727929953409F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingRegion id="07D15B14584B9232B30CBF6C0A618490" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="CB2EB6C42FF2907C855FE1E1BDB32C9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6C9A8BE57D5D7E9E2A5620AE7E46C8:CB2EB6C42FF2907C855FE1E1BDB32C9C" country="China" latitude="18.725834" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.87222" municipality="Diaoluoshan Area" name="Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park" stateProvince="Hainan Province">Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EIRDI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[109.872222,18.725833]}">
<geoCoordinate id="4546B7DE5D33B665735C5CB16E290369" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="18.725834">18°43'33&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="05C19C730CE19EFEE2995EC8DD4D135D" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="109.87222">109°52'20&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<elevation id="32ADB9D3FC40E966B969A51BB332F021" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.32" unit="m" value="932.0">
elevation
<quantity id="1A34C9F17002D6E42CE8B099F10C9522" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.32" unit="m" value="932.0">932 m</quantity>
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;
<collectedFrom id="2B1026787E1AB7C82766AFE1E108398E">on fallen leaves</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FE082C07482A6DD971558E657E0144D3" value="2023-06-18">
<collectingDate id="4761F38402C2073AA437B37FEA223531" value="2023-06-18">18 June 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="43DC97003E429CDE362D6D0C275A5F57">Xiaoyan Pan</collectorName>
(
<specimenCode id="5FBD59F97F3C7F1AB48D1B778D8F30EE" collectionCode="HAFFR">HAFFR 123</specimenCode>
). GenBank accession numbers
<ext-link id="05EED3A0A8628C28E722E7E7F538A470" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ483148" xlink_type="simple">PQ 483148</ext-link>
(ITS),
<ext-link id="E7B52EBB6C270208CE9B07A77ED15653" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ498330" xlink_type="simple">PQ 498330</ext-link>
(
<specimenCode id="0921821D812F21D3CADC64C7FDC3B927" collectionCode="TUB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12972" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12972" name="Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen" type="Herbarium">TUB 2</specimenCode>
), and
<ext-link id="0A4424B73C2A27CE9CE6B759B43F5BED" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ498327" xlink_type="simple">PQ 498327</ext-link>
(
<specimenCode id="898132E51398A0F4B5E13A7BB218654B" collectionCode="RPB">RPB 2</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="348677C3CC58292AF8146B16B0570B75" ID-DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.112.140487.figure3" ID-arpha="D958325E-B05D-5904-9CC2-03D498009E43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1215337" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="339679ADBEABB06604028F526A5D8D9C">
<label id="FB3DC74B303AC5273F156BE91976AB22">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C03809C81089BC5D8321C84366199842">
<taxonomicName id="8AE61BAF3E8A190EEE3E92FC9596F6E3" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="5A2E191E120D2BE4855041C658B6E2D5" italics="true">Xylaria tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HAFFR 123) a stromata on leaves
<emphasis id="805A6FE29291F78520451D294BAD0F3D" bold="true">b, d</emphasis>
stromatal surface and ostioles (arrow)
<emphasis id="5CACFA45E718EA956353E4E9CAD86276" bold="true">c</emphasis>
section through stroma, showing perithecia
<emphasis id="75F4A4A8878D5B4E83C99A5036B32D12" bold="true">e, f</emphasis>
ascus in 1 % SDS
<emphasis id="895F8E01A131499ACFA1393B9DE7DFE8" bold="true">g</emphasis>
ascospores in water
<emphasis id="E4D069B522922733AD3F278D35CF87FB" bold="true">h</emphasis>
ascal apical ring in Melzer’s reagent
<emphasis id="3132EFF041FC9A76622055183784522A" bold="true">i</emphasis>
ascospore showing a slightly shorter than spore-length straight germ slit in water
<emphasis id="05E8C00AFF1C75A4126E810AD85CEAA7" bold="true">j</emphasis>
ascospore showing non-cellular appendages in 1 % SDS (arrows)
<emphasis id="2CEEB70FD56D24E618BD581C807D22C5" bold="true">k, l</emphasis>
ascospores under SEM. Scale bars: 0.5 cm (
<emphasis id="3B716826B6FC0F41D920470CB96DC43A" bold="true">a</emphasis>
); 200 µm (
<emphasis id="92950B779118EF670FED28CB125B9266" bold="true">b – d</emphasis>
); 10 µm (
<emphasis id="FF49A21A878A176C9B172C8435652C03" bold="true">e – j, l</emphasis>
); 5 µm (
<emphasis id="466C7E92DFBB33FEA02AC91FC9515487" bold="true">K</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMTDI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="306E4FD07861B2C0F6D92695D6A2C922">
<heading id="92396242299BCF9B82E6E420C92B973B" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DDD50565A8B16D4ABA91BE4569692B06">
Differs from
<taxonomicName id="5F7A7BB71CC210D51CC559B9724443D0" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="F85D4C32028FD5EF1BBDDB17CE9F2F45" italics="true">X. acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="26E965E743E766B14718CFAA1D178E24" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hedyosmicola">
<emphasis id="4E76DF8BD3151EAAD3A411B61EC6B904" italics="true">X. hedyosmicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9C8D0B9BB208E8FF865C8DDA59F2CEA3" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="petchii">
<emphasis id="E6D4147CF77D6874A0EC86FB451DB0AB" italics="true">X. petchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="47EA332BEAACE53ED3AE4DAADB78F4EA" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="polysporicola">
<emphasis id="3FC2031B3A0031959C538D11A6CF4D07" italics="true">X. polysporicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having smaller ascospores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5UDI" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="35A8171203E29011482D1EE1452D0918">
<heading id="6568ECC034F8760BD4DDF1FB9A581541" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D918B73CDE1448A91CE92B3378BECE7">
<taxonomicName id="978B11DC28874D8FA0A8B4BE3ECF3021" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
“
<emphasis id="195D044D1E0C80C224C6AD6F3D590A9F" italics="true">tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” refers to the appearance of the stromata surface, which resembles segmented tubercles formed by the clustered perithecia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOVDI" type="Teleomorph">
<paragraph id="71536C73066C6802F1B8687874374D58">
<heading id="20631339FD856082AEC980F0D83CCA8B" reason="title">Teleomorph.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A02BD0C70A4666CCF5817160EBF1402">
<emphasis id="997E8331BD17E17448BA742191B1664A" bold="true" italics="true">Stromata</emphasis>
upright, solitary to scattered, cylindrical, unbranched,
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total length; acute sterile apex,
<quantity id="442EAF0F54C86B0372588DB57114C13E" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
; fertile portion
<quantity id="17C290DB7F1414576AF4B5194536B535" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="D9B73D3700B67A6FB0A725872F1BB989" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1 mm</quantity>
wide, cylindrical, composed of tightly packed perithecia; stipe glabrous,
<quantity id="4AAC48532737CCD26277C58E60D407DF" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.8" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.8">1.8–5 mm</quantity>
long ×
<quantity id="8D2CFBD0E8A4678C99CD322EF413FDB6" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.5 mm</quantity>
wide, longitudinally striate, the base slightly swollen; surface roughened, black, with half-exposed to fully exposed perithecial mounds; interior white to creamy; texture soft.
<emphasis id="518A652CF0C2E9D9639A71673F6D76F5" bold="true" italics="true">Perithecia</emphasis>
spherical, 180–350 µm diam.
<emphasis id="62E12B55C47E03B1778E369930C25512" bold="true" italics="true">Ostioles</emphasis>
papillate.
<emphasis id="6E37218C8716721782A9E5499369E62A" bold="true" italics="true">Asci</emphasis>
with eight ascospores arranged in uniseriate manner, cylindrical, 70–105 µm total length, spore-bearing part 50–70 µm long × 5–7 µm wide, stipe 25–45 µm long, with a bluing apical ring in Melzer’s reagent, tubular to slightly urn-shaped, 1.8–2.6 µm high × 1.2–2.5 µm wide.
<emphasis id="36082B46C6139DEED6157AE115E64FBD" bold="true" italics="true">Ascospores</emphasis>
brown, unicellular, ellipsoid, inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, smooth, 7–8 (– 9) × 3.3–4.3 µm (M = 7.6 × 3.8 µm, N = 40), with straight germ slit slightly shorter than the spore length on the flattened side, and a hyaline sheath visible in 1 % SDS, swollen at both ends, forming non-cellular appendages.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKWDI" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="6338BA544DBA802919DE9A112970BD71">
<heading id="C7348EFA6476BCECD02BE51DF345349F" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5613E5576D1C73D7303288EB9EF1607">
<taxonomicName id="7C8BF599A11F8888FB54A7390B781A8E" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="0EEE3B460268B4640C925EF22B56F331" italics="true">Xylaria tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms a distinct branch in the phylogenetic tree with
<taxonomicName id="465A755DDD92479F04334315F36F437E" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="F62805940FE3ED12526C8841F6AB62B6" italics="true">X. acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B0B8BAAC3DD4E5654CCA710B072DDB27" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="betulicola">
<emphasis id="4D3DBA81C77585CF628E17EB02F720E5" italics="true">X. betulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74B4E462A1C2330BBFBAA25A44DBF101" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinalis">
<emphasis id="B29A7B54C70B72697A67F773D9186180" italics="true">X. crinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0B18188DA59C9404FABBC7DB3C1C2783" baseAuthorityName="Ju and Hsieh" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis id="6B633ECF75760B6AA1F81AE2BF75F15C" italics="true">X. filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A562705E4CDF05D4FBE3E1F66C404E97" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hedyosmicola">
<emphasis id="E570F595CFD396652DB17FB8E1DCBF7F" italics="true">X. hedyosmicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="9BEBC68E6255E6DAF085B8DF4187735A" italics="true">
and
<taxonomicName id="A124F57DC63879401A1AC6FA6FB562A6" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="simplicissima">X. simplicissima</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, but it is morphologically different from these six species.
<taxonomicName id="00C9DC96DCF8953163B1B660CCE64A19" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="acifer">
<emphasis id="AC037C41C84A174EC748D126BEDBAFB4" italics="true">Xylaria acifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a needle-like stroma with flatter perithecial mounds and larger ascospores (9.3–12 × 3.7–4.7 µm), while
<taxonomicName id="4794DB01AE339DC48BB5D896CFDD9EC8" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="betulicola">
<emphasis id="39502DC56C4B9FCFCA771B59800F224C" italics="true">X. betulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B3901E71727AE239419D89923E0D40D5" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinalis">
<emphasis id="2914CD67E45FEC1681FDB684018DA86A" italics="true">X. crinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F38CA3B1D3A46EA1C4155B542AD86D99" baseAuthorityName="Ju and Hsieh" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis id="7BDF7D626362C0A6B48A9E4BF50F2EA7" italics="true">X. filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFA8704D3C2DCBB39C600E05DFB8C07C" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hedyosmicola">
<emphasis id="CD8BC2051AD707E05B03B68577965682" italics="true">X. hedyosmicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="07286CA415C67F1B7029F25D041C1AE9" italics="true">
and
<taxonomicName id="5342FE5B036DDC005C15CEF905A2D480" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="simplicissima">X. simplicissima</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
all have stromata with long sterile apices and significantly larger ascospores, measuring (9.5–21.5 × 3.5–8.5 µm). The ascospores of
<taxonomicName id="5503C73F3335F497B399309EC6CDC51C" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="betulicola">
<emphasis id="5504EB673B1C23008A777D1205F26084" italics="true">X. betulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="235727250408D5B3D0AA417D9F690389" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinalis">
<emphasis id="7A2FC57EBBB415C12BD6F7C4FCBB34DE" italics="true">X. crinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="384DAAF70C30C19EE59F8129B2BD9BF1" baseAuthorityName="Ju and Hsieh" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis id="43F3FD89A2C044606D405F98189A091E" italics="true">X. filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FE8E80C4379AB03EDEAEB126AA9C36AF" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hedyosmicola">
<emphasis id="C40200E3E2471F094ABCE5A6EF725C48" italics="true">X. hedyosmicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="135BF8BBC9B4B42528FA6E68C05344D3" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="simplicissima">
<emphasis id="5DC7A78385A00C030A5D5D75AE3AE285" italics="true">X. simplicissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
measure (11.5 –) 12–14 (– 15) × 5–6 µm, (14 –) 15–16.5 (– 17.5) × (3.5 –) 4–5 (– 6) µm, (9.5 –) 11.5–13.5 (– 14.5) × (4 –) 4.5–5.5 (– 6) µm, (12 –) 13–15 (– 16.7) × (6 –) 6.5–7.5 (– 8.5) µm, and (15 –) 16.5–19 (– 21.5) × (5 –) 5.5–6.5 (– 7.5) µm, respectively (
<bibRefCitation id="BD684E9E737CAED974136B919BAB7F34" DOI="10.12905/0380.sydow-ia70-2018-0037" author="Ma and Li" firstAuthor="Ma" journalOrPublisher="Sydowia" pagination="37-49" refId="B24" refString="Ma HX, Li Y (2018) Xylaria crinalis and X. betulicola from China – two new species with threadlike stromata. Sydowia 70: 37–49. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.sydow-ia70-2018-0037" title="Xylaria crinalis and X. betulicola from China - two new species with threadlike stromata." volume="70" year="2018">Ma and Li 2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="19140E2341E5C92BB7080BB27DD72B8C" DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623" author="Pan" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pan" journalOrPublisher="MycoKeys" pagination="47-63" refId="B29" refString="Pan XY, Song ZK, Qu Z, Liu TD, Ma HX (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47–63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623" title="Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park." volume="86" year="2022">Pan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9706C2BF435805D8740DEC25CC3DFCBD" DOI="10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" author="Ju and Hsieh" firstAuthor="Ju" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Studies" pagination="19" refId="B17" refString="Ju YM, Hsieh HM (2023) Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles. Botanical Studies 64 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" title="Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles." volume="64" year="2023">Ju and Hsieh 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DDD49453F2388385E3C72E9C52FAE66">
<taxonomicName id="E974111BFD1D439A6765F34ECB4B851C" authority="Lloyd" authorityName="Lloyd" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="petchii">
<emphasis id="27A84B3A7EAF5E4770796F2BAD1E808B" italics="true">Xylaria petchii</emphasis>
Lloyd
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="02D521276EBCA4087A2598CE88913A72" authority="Hai X. Ma &amp; X. Y. Pan" authorityName="Hai X. Ma &amp; X. Y. Pan" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="polysporicola">
<emphasis id="85948F5267FDF3DF838084EFC7A74BC1" italics="true">X. polysporicola</emphasis>
Hai X. Ma &amp; X. Y. Pan
</taxonomicName>
are similar to
<taxonomicName id="5EE61597D79EF637D25FF4919DC36A0C" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="4516A3A095A134EDBCA4C16DA09C7687" italics="true">X. tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphologically, as they share cylindrical stromata growing on fallen leaves.
<bibRefCitation id="95340AAA0796B8BCDCF068BB58836316" DOI="10.3390/d16030179" author="Pan XY &amp; Chen ZZ &amp; Lei JR &amp; Chen XH &amp; Wu TT &amp; Li YL &amp; Chen YQ" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pan" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Diversity" pagination="179" refId="B30" refString="Pan XY, Chen ZZ, Lei JR, Chen XH, Wu TT, Li YL, Chen YQ (2024) Two New and One First Recorded Species of Xylaria Isolated from Fallen Leaves in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in China. Diversity 16 (3): 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16030179" title="Two New and One First Recorded Species of Xylaria Isolated from Fallen Leaves in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in China." volume="16" year="2024">Pan et al. (2024)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="5C0D47B09A2AADD8E0CC8F24DEF1A243" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="petchii">
<emphasis id="94374C7655A88C47C9A13AEFD763B9F5" italics="true">X. petchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="6E72FA2E7BCEECB10AAD34ED5352283B" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, noting that this species has a variable fertile portion of the stromata and ascospores measuring (8.5 –) 10–12.5 (– 15) × (4.5 –) 5–6.5 (– 7) µm, which clearly differentiate it from
<taxonomicName id="D29D6378481C6CAF1D820D84EA6EA48E" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="81EBE1D0C81804136F02497D113F236D" italics="true">X. tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="7FA24056A4722869FE608E03DCAC1BC0" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="polysporicola">
<emphasis id="E24643C1EF7709E679D6FD8D95F30D79" italics="true">Xylaria polysporicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="7DE54BBECC04DDFBBFC330994053C993" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="363F35C5457783800FF5D972E52F14C0" italics="true">X. tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a larger apical ring (2.5–4.5 µm high × 2–3.2 µm broad) and larger ascospores (( 11.5 –) 12.5–14.5 (– 15) × 5.5–8 µm) (
<bibRefCitation id="BE529F2491A690F8E02E804BE2B7F370" DOI="10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623" author="Pan" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pan" journalOrPublisher="MycoKeys" pagination="47-63" refId="B29" refString="Pan XY, Song ZK, Qu Z, Liu TD, Ma HX (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47–63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623" title="Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park." volume="86" year="2022">Pan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4E2BECF9ACA5397BED6D4EEC6AE535FD" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="DD54E801F9E4200AABD866295A3AD9BE" italics="true">X. tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="19CDB59CBDC81BD24D4D791B3A606E74" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="petchii">
<emphasis id="310D03692773EC6D84F9C93A512A9010" italics="true">X. petchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="870BDFCC0D60476B5CD0B90BB1570973" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="polysporicola">
<emphasis id="B0F51F8EBA17714ABDA95670156E044C" italics="true">X. polysporicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly separated in the phylogenetic tree.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="004F89F715F88F9AF4966CBE1362A800">
<taxonomicName id="87843909D9AA4D54C22C0630D40FC397" authority="Narula &amp; Rawla" authorityName="Narula &amp; Rawla" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="himalayensis">
<emphasis id="F4BF9F567C55C44203E49573BF5EB3C0" italics="true">Xylaria himalayensis</emphasis>
Narula &amp; Rawla
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="71F52376220393378AB1D53C25C4F8E5" authority="Laessoe" authorityName="Laessoe" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="meliacearum">
<emphasis id="E697B6628F72A992DD5064DB6FA99528" italics="true">X. meliacearum</emphasis>
Læssøe
</taxonomicName>
also resemble
<taxonomicName id="58F86E2FA374FDBF8D6FD419BA975F51" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="9BAEB28FFA3C43E1CC9702572A8A0B52" italics="true">X. tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in morphology.
<taxonomicName id="4A80FE33580EB4C051577A5F1F6E3A12" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="himalayensis">
<emphasis id="3D44D718FA36A19004FDB1E32F2380AA" italics="true">Xylaria himalayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by its hairy stipe and larger ascospores (( 11.5 –) 13–15 (– 15.5) × (4.5 –) 5–5.5 (– 6) µm) that lack non-cellular appendages (
<bibRefCitation id="FED9AFE48685BEB35AC5549A5186480A" DOI="10.1080/00275514.2018.1469879" author="Ju" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ju" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pagination="726-749" refId="B19" refString="Ju YM, Rogers JD, Hsieh HM (2018) Xylaria species associated with fallen fruits and seeds. Mycologia 110 (4): 726–749. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1469879" title="Xylaria species associated with fallen fruits and seeds." volume="110" year="2018">Ju et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="025B8536C9C5764ADC43F63D93ECCC40" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="meliacearum">
<emphasis id="7066D0BC84CCF8CA2578ABA837E85678" italics="true">Xylaria meliacearum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated by its stromata covered with a sulfur-yellow outer layer and larger ascospores (( 19 –) 21.5–27.5 (– 31.5) × (5 –) 5.5–7 (– 8) µm) (
<bibRefCitation id="121C8186F746AB5033319267EA79DD50" DOI="10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" author="Ju and Hsieh" firstAuthor="Ju" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Studies" pagination="19" refId="B17" refString="Ju YM, Hsieh HM (2023) Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles. Botanical Studies 64 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w" title="Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles." volume="64" year="2023">Ju and Hsieh 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="6203634529945CBA509D37B4E4E40B2A" authority="Ravenel ex Berk." authorityName="Berk." class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tentaculata">
<emphasis id="7963ACC80A47CB6C1355F791A769B1D7" italics="true">Xylaria tentaculata</emphasis>
Ravenel ex Berk.
</taxonomicName>
is somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName id="0960EA18268A7CD79F8B9B8B4B44B7A7" authorityName="Xiao Y. Pan" authorityYear="2025" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B40E4B6CB2EBC72E2D77B616DC1634A6" italics="true">X. tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in morphology, but
<taxonomicName id="3A090F2A80BABA3BABB2F9B928E52EDB" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tentaculata">
<emphasis id="FA24283F933E729FE6F501028FA2D988" italics="true">X. tentaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has significantly larger ascospores (20.6–24.4 µm × 8.9–10.8 µm) (
<bibRefCitation id="12F725FB4AC70FC3ECDE23ACB082D50C" DOI="10.5941/MYCO.2016.44.1.21" author="Kim" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kim" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Mycobiology" pagination="21-28" refId="B22" refString="Kim CS, Jo GW, Kwag YN, Oh SO, Lee SG, Sung GH, Oh G, Shrestha B, Kim SY, Shin CH, Han SK (2016) New Records of Xylaria Species in Korea: X. ripicola sp. nov. and X. tentaculata. Mycobiology 44 (1): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2016.44.1.21" title="New Records of Xylaria Species in Korea: X. ripicola sp. nov. and X. tentaculata." volume="44" year="2016">Kim et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDEAK" type="Additional specimen examined">
<paragraph id="6FA67EB43EE7F52B7B403614AA91DF38">
<heading id="DDEFFE7FE68C1767757F1F50A7C413FD" reason="title">Additional specimen examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25B452EA9345A3460B4AA1D436A8A840">
<materialsCitation id="507E651A3748B708E99C382763A0B074" collectedFrom="on fallen leaves" collectingDate="2023-02-26" collectionCode="ITS" collectorName="Xiaoyan Pan" country="China" elevation="929" latitude="18.725279" location="Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.87195" municipality="Diaoluoshan Area" specimenCode="HAFFR 63, TUB 2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan Province">
<collectingCountry id="6302D78705B620C56770091B96F22D95" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingRegion id="8B3C91844F0A378E722AFD7CCF33961A" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="6142944C6A964AB356AD64A24EDB026D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6C9A8BE57D5D7E9E2A5620AE7E46C8:6142944C6A964AB356AD64A24EDB026D" country="China" latitude="18.725279" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="109.87195" municipality="Diaoluoshan Area" name="Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park" stateProvince="Hainan Province">Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="85459BC4B03303F27CA89EF520F67662" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="18.725279">18°43'31&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="29A6305B6434A008094488C4406B2B12" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="109.87195">109°52'19&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="19FE965ECF82D1116BDC4365FD6449D1" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.29" unit="m" value="929.0">
elevation
<quantity id="0DE5466416AD4FD77DE8342F1920891F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.29" unit="m" value="929.0">929 m</quantity>
</elevation>
;
<collectedFrom id="96768160F6AD52445331274950D1C189">on fallen leaves</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="78E8061AB9DFFD5F331FABA11ED41AC4" value="2023-02-26">
<collectingDate id="B8268595294E680A52C892E1D552DA19" value="2023-02-26">26 February 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="F255CA7467A7CF2B0753F15411CAD47E">Xiaoyan Pan</collectorName>
(
<specimenCode id="9F3ADE2025A2C70E590CA1ECF44E2872" collectionCode="HAFFR">HAFFR 63</specimenCode>
). GenBank accession numbers
<ext-link id="43A108695D41CDE252468B574AD5FC4A" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ483149" xlink_type="simple">PQ 483149</ext-link>
(ITS) and
<ext-link id="7F2D3F329DC54C8D1270BE9E5341397F" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ498331" xlink_type="simple">PQ 498331</ext-link>
(
<specimenCode id="D3B83439035CBEDAC520152D036C4B74" collectionCode="TUB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12972" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12972" name="Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen" type="Herbarium">TUB 2</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>