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<document id="BFEA83F6B116C79B6E7BD094DD17D95F" ID-DOI="10.25226/bboc.v140i1.2020.a3" ID-ISSN="2513-9894" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1718071637822" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Silva, Héctor Gómez de, Pérez Villafaña, Mónica G., Cruz-Nieto, Javier & Cruz-Nieto, Miguel Ángel" docDate="2020" docId="0381A348FFC1CB3A36CAADD83FCDFC3C" docLanguage="en" docName="BullBritOrnitholClub.140.1.7-37.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 140 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EFA7F293C51FD4806C5290561C16F223.2:BullBritOrnitholClub.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="EFA7F293C51FD4806C5290561C16F223" docStyleName="BullBritOrnitholClub.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Cardinalis cardinalis subsp. mariae Nelson 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFB8DB30FFDACB21365AAD593D0DFFC5" masterDocTitle="Are some of the birds endemic to the Tres Marías Islands (Mexico) species?" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="7" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1726181938441" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C3C297DAE4248674B13E17E715732C5F">
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<mods:title id="2421B94A97ABECF543FAE0593D333C2F">Are some of the birds endemic to the Tres Marías Islands (Mexico) species?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EA5A95F9BDD6EB2B9F4283542B1496AC">Silva, Héctor Gómez de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7EE18EB4889AA27514885F014F1857FF">Pérez Villafaña, Mónica G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="F6F3C7E1CAAB9FD5D15B9B275C0B12A2">Cruz-Nieto, Javier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4836B97186E3F5D6C17FA9497C04AC4B" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="745632A65CE76FC5A82C535FF9951FEC">Cruz-Nieto, Miguel Ángel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1509278A3D98A467D50FD12A1761FFF8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A18D5A3602D8B592DDA1AEFE2EDD9309">Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A620EBD6F6C187EDBA1E28560F712D5D">
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<mods:date id="647F5F35F2567733AF140B6A6BD98F72">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2F099E17B835F7B206E53603C62730F7">2020-03-19</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0AC4E4C371BC163D1D64FA50B23137B1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EE7B6C8CC743ECB3373313F1EF5EEBA3">140</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="717315153EEF82E6E8AB24C82BAD3452" type="DOI">10.25226/bboc.v140i1.2020.a3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F39A4CCE0EC0E5B346C07C63E0EC5127" type="ISSN">2513-9894</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0381A348FFC1CB3A36CAADD83FCDFC3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381A348FFC1CB3A36CAADD83FCDFC3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381A348FFC1CB3A36CAADD83FCDFC3C" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="D0DFA532FFC1CB3A36CAADD83E97FF5C" box="[144,922,129,153]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" reason="2">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFC1CB3A36CAADD83FE5FF5C" box="[144,744,129,153]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A36CAADD83FE5FF5C" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" box="[144,744,129,153]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36CAADD83CB3FF5C" bold="true" box="[144,446,129,153]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">NORTHERN CARDINAL</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFC1CB3A379CADD83FE5FF5C" ID-CoL="5G7QK" authorityName="Nelson" authorityYear="1898" box="[454,744,129,153]" class="Aves" family="Cardinalidae" genus="Cardinalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cardinalis" subSpecies="mariae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A379CADD83FE5FF5C" box="[454,744,129,153]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Cardinalis cardinalis mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFC1CB3A34B5ADD83FCDFC3C" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A34B5ADD83E97FF5C" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" box="[751,922,129,153]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
(vs.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3544ADD83E9CFF5C" box="[798,913,129,153]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">C. c. affinis</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A36CAADF83F80FEBC" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36CAADF83DF1FF7C" box="[144,252,161,185]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Based on
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A37DDADF83CD0FF7C" box="[391,477,161,185]" count="44" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="male">44 male</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A3449ADF83F70FF7C" box="[531,637,161,185]" count="35" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="female">35 female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A34DEADFB3FC4FF7C" box="[644,713,162,185]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
vs. ten male and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A35D0ADF83EF7FF7C" box="[906,1018,161,185]" count="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="female">six female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A325AADF83933FF7C" box="[1024,1086,161,185]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3211ADF83DD2FF1C" author="Grant, P. R." pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported that 92% of males had a purple tinge to the plumage vs. 100% without any purple tinge (score 1), 100% of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A346DADBB3F71FF3C" box="[567,636,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
females had cream-white abdomens vs. pale buff in 83% (score 1); and the grey chin and throat of females covered a larger area vs. more restricted white or rarely grey chin (score 2, grey is caused by ‘the black basal half of the feather showing through the overlying white feather-tips, and in island specimens the extent of white in the feather tip is reduced’).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A369AACD83967FE7C" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A369AACD83C50FE5C" box="[192,349,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Morphometrics</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Longer wing, tarsus and bill (especially bill length in males) (score 2) but shorter tail (score 2). Bill more bulging (consistent with
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3575ACF83EC3FE7C" author="Ridgway, R." box="[815,974,417,441]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 715" refId="ref16683" refString="Ridgway, R. 1901. The birds of North and Middle America, Bull US Natl. Mus. 50 (1): 1 - 715." type="journal article" year="1901">Ridgway 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
[not scored]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A369AAC983E86FDFD" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A369AAC983CBDFE1C" box="[192,432,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Additional information</emphasis>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A378AAC983FACFE1C" author="Smith, B. T. & Escalante, P. & Hernandez-Banos, B. E. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. & Rohwer, S. & Klicka, J." box="[464,673,449,473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" refId="ref16965" refString="Smith, B. T., Escalante, P., Hernandez-Banos, B. E., Navarro-Siguenza, A. G., Rohwer, S. & Klicka, J. 2011. The role of historical and contemporary processes on phylogeographic structure and genetic diversity in the Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis. BMC Evol. Biol. 11: 136." type="journal volume" year="2011">
|
||||
Smith
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3446AC9B3F47FE1C" box="[540,586,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2011)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A34F4AC983EA1FE1C" author="Smith B. T. & Klicka J." box="[686,940,449,473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" refId="ref16926" refString="Smith B. T. & Klicka J. 2013. Examining the role of effective population size on mitochondrial and multilocus divergence time discordance in a songbird. PLoS ONE 8 (2): e 55161." type="journal volume" year="2013">Smith & Klicka (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A35B1AC983C03FE3C" author="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F. & Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A. & Castellanos-Morales, G. & Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G." pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="716 - 732" refId="ref16237" refString="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F., Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A., Castellanos-Morales, G., Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. 2018. Concerted Pleistocene dispersal and genetic differentiation in passerine birds from the Tres Marias archipelago, Mexico. Auk 135: 716 - 732." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||||
Ortiz-Ramírez
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36CAACBB3DB1FE3C" box="[144,188,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2018)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
found reciprocal monophyly and deep genetic divergence between
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A324EACBB3954FE3C" box="[1044,1113,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
and mainland specimens.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A37D2AF583F89FDDC" author="Smith B. T. & Klicka J." box="[392,644,513,537]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" refId="ref16926" refString="Smith B. T. & Klicka J. 2013. Examining the role of effective population size on mitochondrial and multilocus divergence time discordance in a songbird. PLoS ONE 8 (2): e 55161." type="journal volume" year="2013">Smith & Klicka (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3498AF583EE0FDDC" author="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F. & Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A. & Castellanos-Morales, G. & Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G." box="[706,1005,513,537]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="716 - 732" refId="ref16237" refString="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F., Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A., Castellanos-Morales, G., Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. 2018. Concerted Pleistocene dispersal and genetic differentiation in passerine birds from the Tres Marias archipelago, Mexico. Auk 135: 716 - 732." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||||
Ortiz-Ramírez
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3536AF5B3E94FDDC" box="[876,921,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2018)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported that small population size has accelerated molecular evolution in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A351AAF7B3E88FDFC" box="[832,901,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC1CB3A369AAF1B3FCDFC3C" blockId="27.[144,1165,129,1017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A369AAF1B3CBDFD9C" box="[192,432,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Reasons for uncertainty</emphasis>
|
||||
.—
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A378BAF183F7AFD9C" author="Grant, P. R." box="[465,631,577,601]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant’s (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
sample of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A34B7AF183E26FD9C" box="[749,811,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
|
||||
was inadequate (morphometric characters were evaluated in 4–
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A345BAF383F55FDBC" box="[513,600,609,633]" count="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A34C2AF383E17FDBC" box="[664,794,609,633]" count="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
|
||||
, and plumage characters in ten males and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A375DAFD83C88FD5C" box="[263,389,641,665]" count="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
|
||||
), which is especially problematic because female plumage apparently fades considerably in specimens and males display extensive individual variation (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3205AFF83C29FD1C" author="Van Rossem, A. J." pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="119 - 150" refId="ref17250" refString="Van Rossem, A. J. 1932. The avifauna of Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico, with descriptions of four new races. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 119 - 150." type="journal article" year="1932">Van Rossem 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Furthermore,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49ECDCBCFFC1CB3A378BAF983F7BFD1C" box="[465,630,705,729]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFC1CB3A3427AF983FF8FD1C" box="[637,757,705,729]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="igneus">
|
||||
race
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A34EBAF9B3FF8FD1C" box="[689,757,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">igneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is as likely to be the sister species of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36CAAFBB3DD8FD3C" box="[144,213,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
as
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36A6AFB83C37FD3C" box="[252,314,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
|
||||
, and it was not explicitly compared by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A355AAFB83E94FD3C" author="Grant, P. R." box="[768,921,737,761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
who stated only that ‘
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFC1CB3A36CEAE583C33FCDC" box="[148,318,769,793]" count="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A373CAE5B3CA7FCDC" box="[358,426,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">igneus</emphasis>
|
||||
were available too, and it was noted that [
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A35C7AE5B3EEFFCDC" box="[925,994,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
] differed from both subspecies (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3709AE7B3C9AFCFC" box="[339,407,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">igneus</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3788AE783F1DFCFC" box="[466,528,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
|
||||
) mainly in the same way.’
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3512AE783EEEFCFC" author="Nelson, E. W." box="[840,995,801,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="5 - 11" refId="ref16130" refString="Nelson, E. W. 1898. Descriptions of new birds from the Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 72: 5 - 11." type="journal article" year="1898">Nelson (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in the original description of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A376CAE183C76FC9D" box="[310,379,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
described it as being closest to
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A34B1AE183E22FC9D" box="[747,815,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">igneus</emphasis>
|
||||
, and at least in bill shape it is intermediate between
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A37D3AE383CC3FCBD" box="[393,462,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A345CAE383F49FCBC" box="[518,580,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3408AE383E56FCBC" author="Ridgway, R." box="[594,859,865,889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 715" refId="ref16683" refString="Ridgway, R. 1901. The birds of North and Middle America, Bull US Natl. Mus. 50 (1): 1 - 715." type="journal article" year="1901">Ridgway 1901: 648–649</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3536AE383DB3FC5C" author="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F. & Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A. & Castellanos-Morales, G. & Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G." pageId="27" pageNumber="33" pagination="716 - 732" refId="ref16237" refString="Ortiz-Ramirez, M. F., Sanchez-Gonzalez, L. A., Castellanos-Morales, G., Ornelas, J. F. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. 2018. Concerted Pleistocene dispersal and genetic differentiation in passerine birds from the Tres Marias archipelago, Mexico. Auk 135: 716 - 732." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||||
Ortiz-Ramírez
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3249AE3B3933FCBC" box="[1043,1086,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2018: 726)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
mentioned that when analysing the haplotype network,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A3569AED83E75FC5D" box="[819,888,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
was closer to
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A324BAED83958FC5D" box="[1041,1109,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">igneus</emphasis>
|
||||
than
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A36CAAEF83DC3FC7C" box="[144,206,929,953]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">affinis</emphasis>
|
||||
, although this apparently contradicts both their own highest-probability scenario of colonisation (in their
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFC1CB3A37D8AE983CCFFC1C" box="[386,450,961,985]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[144,176,1620,1639]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,1092,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-127@10.[144,1164,1092,1604]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Typical undertail-coverts colour of male Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris magicus (two specimens at left) and C. l. lawrencei (two specimens at right), from specimens in the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México collection (Héctor Gómez de Silva)" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and the phylogenies of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A3487AE983EA8FC1C" author="Smith, B. T. & Escalante, P. & Hernandez-Banos, B. E. & Navarro-Siguenza, A. G. & Rohwer, S. & Klicka, J." box="[733,933,961,985]" pageId="27" pageNumber="33" refId="ref16965" refString="Smith, B. T., Escalante, P., Hernandez-Banos, B. E., Navarro-Siguenza, A. G., Rohwer, S. & Klicka, J. 2011. The role of historical and contemporary processes on phylogeographic structure and genetic diversity in the Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis. BMC Evol. Biol. 11: 136." type="journal volume" year="2011">
|
||||
Smith
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC1CB3A357DAE9B3E5EFC1C" box="[807,851,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2011)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC1CB3A35BAAE983DDBFC3C" author="Smith B. T. & Klicka J." pageId="27" pageNumber="33" refId="ref16926" refString="Smith B. T. & Klicka J. 2013. Examining the role of effective population size on mitochondrial and multilocus divergence time discordance in a songbird. PLoS ONE 8 (2): e 55161." type="journal volume" year="2013">Smith & Klicka (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Therefore, this case requires further study.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
190
data/03/81/A3/0381A348FFCBCB3236CAA9D83DF0FEDC.xml
Normal file
190
data/03/81/A3/0381A348FFCBCB3236CAA9D83DF0FEDC.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="4D847DA8D6FA8CA27921C001490778CC">Are some of the birds endemic to the Tres Marías Islands (Mexico) species?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DBC47E432EC9A2936CFA09E254D0699C">Pérez Villafaña, Mónica G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86F7DD750A695FBA820988656421B988">Cruz-Nieto, Javier</mods:namePart>
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|
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<mods:namePart id="73B3472572B3B0670C475209E0651C14">Cruz-Nieto, Miguel Ángel</mods:namePart>
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|
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<treatment id="0381A348FFCBCB3236CAA9D83DF0FEDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381A348FFCBCB3236CAA9D83DF0FEDC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381A348FFCBCB3236CAA9D83DF0FEDC" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<heading id="D0DFA532FFCBCB3036CAA9D83EB6FB5C" box="[144,955,1153,1177]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" reason="2">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFCBCB3036CAA9D83F60FB5C" box="[144,621,1153,1177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8B97125EFFCBCB3036CAA9D83F60FB5C" blockId="17.[144,1165,1153,1689]" box="[144,621,1153,1177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3036CAA9D83C32FB5C" bold="true" box="[144,319,1153,1177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">HAPPY WREN</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB30371CA9D83F60FB5C" ID-CoL="5KCSY" box="[326,621,1153,1177]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="felix" subSpecies="lawrencii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB30371CA9D83F60FB5C" box="[326,621,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Pheugopedius felix lawrencii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFCBCB32342EA9D83DF0FEDC" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFCBCB30342EA9D83EB6FB5C" blockId="17.[144,1165,1153,1689]" box="[628,955,1153,1177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
(vs.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3034F8A9DB3E28FB5C" box="[674,805,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">P. f. pallidus</emphasis>
|
||||
total score 8)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFCBCB3236CAA9F83E7CFF7C" blockId="17.[144,1165,1153,1689]" lastBlockId="19.[144,1165,129,281]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3036CAA9F83DF1FB7C" box="[144,252,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||||
.—White mid-breast and mid-belly vs. rufous breast and belly in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303581A9F83920FB7C" box="[987,1069,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFCBCB303261A9F8398AFB7C" box="[1083,1159,1185,1209]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="18.[144,205,916,935]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,129,900]" captionTargetId="figure-74@18.[647,1167,126,903]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 13. Left: typical underparts colour and cheek patern in Happy Wren Pheugopedius felix pallidus, Laguna El Chumbeño, Francisco Villa, Nayarit, Mexico, May 2016 (Amy McAndrews); right: P. f. lawrencii, Isla María Cleofas, April 2016 (Mónica G. Pérez Villafaña)" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB3036CAA9983C16FB1C" author="Grant, P. R." box="[144,283,1217,1241]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant 1965a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, based on
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFCBCB3037CCA9983CE2FB1C" box="[406,495,1217,1241]" count="43" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" type="male">43 male</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFCBCB303471A9983F95FB1C" box="[555,664,1217,1241]" count="30" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" type="female">30 female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3034FBA9983E0DFB1C" box="[673,768,1217,1241]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3034FBA9983E0DFB1C" box="[673,768,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">lawrencii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
vs.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFCBCB30356AA9983E84FB1C" box="[816,905,1217,1241]" count="37" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" type="male">37 male</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFCBCB30359FA998393FFB1C" box="[965,1074,1217,1241]" count="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" type="female">18 female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303260A9983981FB1C" box="[1082,1164,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||||
[not scored]). Among 18
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3037F1A9B83F07FB3C" box="[427,522,1249,1273]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3037F1A9B83F07FB3C" box="[427,522,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">lawrencii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at IBUNAM, a few are washed warm on the breast, but are still usually paler than the palest
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303417A8583F92FADC" box="[589,671,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||||
. Even if there is warm colour across part of the breast, there is much white on the mid-breast and mid-belly. Examination of the ‘warmest’ specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3037F8A8183F0CFA9C" box="[418,513,1345,1369]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3037F8A8183F0CFA9C" box="[418,513,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">lawrencii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(P016585) revealed a diagnostic character not previously mentioned in the literature (e.g.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB303453A8383F9AFABC" author="Nelson, E. W." box="[521,663,1377,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="5 - 11" refId="ref16130" refString="Nelson, E. W. 1898. Descriptions of new birds from the Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 72: 5 - 11." type="journal article" year="1898">Nelson 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB3034FFA8383E45FABC" author="Ridgway, R." box="[677,840,1377,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 801" refId="ref16742" refString="Ridgway, R. 1904. The birds of North and Middle America. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 50 (3): 1 - 801." type="journal article" year="1904">Ridgway 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB30350CA8383EEEFABC" author="Grant, P. R." box="[854,995,1377,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant 1965a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
): the colour of the underwing-coverts. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3037E7A8D83F11FA5C" box="[445,540,1409,1433]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3037E7A8D83F11FA5C" box="[445,540,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">lawrencii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, these are white or whitish, contrasting with the warm breast-sides, whereas
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3037D3A8F83CD6FA7C" box="[393,475,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||||
has cinnamon / rufous underwing-coverts concolorous with the breast (score 3) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFCBCB30372FA8983CCEFA1C" box="[373,451,1473,1497]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[144,205,1480,1499]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,1018,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-157@18.[144,721,1015,1466]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Cinnamon underwing-coverts of Happy Wren Pheugopedius felix pallidus (above) compared to the contrasting white underwing-coverts of the warmest-breasted P. f. lawrencii specimen in the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México collection (right) (Héctor Gómez de Silva)" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ear-coverts have significantly more white than black feathers vs. black and white feathers approximately equally prominent (score 2) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFCBCB30358DA8B8392AFA3C" box="[983,1063,1505,1529]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="18.[144,205,916,935]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,129,900]" captionTargetId="figure-74@18.[647,1167,126,903]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 13. Left: typical underparts colour and cheek patern in Happy Wren Pheugopedius felix pallidus, Laguna El Chumbeño, Francisco Villa, Nayarit, Mexico, May 2016 (Amy McAndrews); right: P. f. lawrencii, Isla María Cleofas, April 2016 (Mónica G. Pérez Villafaña)" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
). One or other of these differences between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB303443AB583F75F9DC" box="[537,632,1537,1561]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303443AB583F75F9DC" box="[537,632,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">lawrencii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3034EBAB583E0EF9DC" box="[689,771,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||||
is of somewhat similar magnitude to those between certain subspecies of, e.g., Coraya
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB303481AB783EBFF9FD" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[731,946,1569,1593]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coraya">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303481AB783EBFF9FD" box="[731,946,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Pheugopedius coraya</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Rufous-and-white
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3036CAAB183C60F99C" baseAuthorityName="Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[144,365,1601,1625]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Thryophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufalbus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3036CAAB183C60F99C" box="[144,365,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Thryophilus rufalbus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Buff-breasted
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB303478AB183E7FF99C" authority=", Carolina" authorityName="Carolina" box="[546,882,1601,1625]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Cantorchilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucotis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303478AB183E0DF99C" box="[546,768,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Cantorchilus leucotis</emphasis>
|
||||
, Carolina
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB303527AB183981F99C" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[893,1164,1601,1625]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Thryothorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ludovicianus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303527AB183981F99C" box="[893,1164,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Thryothorus ludovicianus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and White-browed Wrens
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3037E7AB383F31F9BC" baseAuthorityName="Cabot" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[445,572,1633,1657]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Thryothorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albinucha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3037E7AB383F31F9BC" box="[445,572,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">T. albinucha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but in those cases there are zones of intergradation and smooth clines, whereas between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB303466ABD83F96F95C" box="[572,667,1665,1689]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303466ABD83F96F95C" box="[572,667,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">lawrencii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB30348DABD83E24F95C" box="[727,809,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||||
the differences are abrupt and occur in both characters simultaneously.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFC9CB323402ADD83FE2FF5C" author="Grant, P. R." box="[600,751,129,153]" pageId="19" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted that in both plumage features, juveniles from the mainland approach those of Tres Marías birds.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFC8CB3336CAAECD3FBEFC1C" pageId="18" pageNumber="24" startId="18.[144,205,916,935]" targetBox="[144,1164,129,900]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC8CB3336CAAECD3FBEFC1C" blockId="18.[144,1164,916,985]" pageId="18" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Figure 13. Left: typical underparts colour and cheek patern in Happy Wren
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFC8CB3335C8AECD3CF6FC05" authority=", Laguna El Chumbeno, Francisco Villa" authorityName="Laguna El Chumbeno, Francisco Villa" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="felix" subSpecies="pallidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC8CB3335C8AECD398AFC62" box="[914,1159,916,935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="24">Pheugopedius felix pallidus</emphasis>
|
||||
, Laguna El Chumbeño, Francisco Villa
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Nayarit, Mexico, May 2016 (Amy McAndrews); right:
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC8CB333256AEF7398AFC05" box="[1036,1159,941,960]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
P. f.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFC8CB33326DAEF4398AFC05" box="[1079,1159,941,960]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencii">lawrencii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, Isla María Cleofas, April 2016 (Mónica G. Pérez Villafaña)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFC8CB3336CAA8913C26F992" pageId="18" pageNumber="24" startId="18.[144,205,1480,1499]" targetBox="[144,1164,1018,1643]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC8CB3336CAA8913C26F992" blockId="18.[144,720,1480,1623]" pageId="18" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Figure 14. Cinnamon underwing-coverts of Happy Wren
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFC8CB3336CAA8B83C77FA31" box="[144,378,1505,1524]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="felix" subSpecies="pallidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC8CB3336CAA8B83C77FA31" box="[144,378,1505,1524]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="24">Pheugopedius felix pallidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(above) compared to the contrasting white underwing-coverts of the warmest-breasted
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC8CB3334F8A8A23DEDF9E3" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
P. f.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFC8CB3336CAAB4A3DEDF9E3" box="[144,224,1555,1574]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencii">lawrencii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
specimen in the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México collection (right) (Héctor Gómez de Silva)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFC9CB32369AAD983DF0FEDC" blockId="19.[144,1165,129,281]" pageId="19" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFC9CB32369AAD983C50FF1C" box="[192,349,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="25">Morphometrics</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Longer wing, tail and, especially in females, bill (score 2) but tarsus relatively shorter (not significantly different in female and only slightly bigger in male [score 1]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
207
data/03/81/A3/0381A348FFD7CB2F36CAAF183EF8FD3C.xml
Normal file
207
data/03/81/A3/0381A348FFD7CB2F36CAAF183EF8FD3C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
|
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<mods:namePart id="0F4AB6CDE93B84139D15EFDDCE091323">Pérez Villafaña, Mónica G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0381A348FFD7CB2F36CAAF183EF8FD3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381A348FFD7CB2F36CAAF183EF8FD3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381A348FFD7CB2F36CAAF183EF8FD3C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFD7CB2C36CAAF183E07FD9C" box="[144,778,577,601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD7CB2C36CAAF183E07FD9C" blockId="13.[144,1164,577,921]" box="[144,778,577,601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C36CAAF183F08FD9C" bold="true" box="[144,517,577,601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">CINNAMON HUMMINGBIRD</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C3456AF183E07FD9C" ID-CoL="5FJT3" authorityName="Cinnamon Hummingbird" authorityYear="2013" box="[524,778,577,601]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rutila" subSpecies="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C3456AF183E07FD9C" box="[524,778,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">Amazilia rutila graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFD7CB2F354BAF183EF8FD3C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD7CB2C354BAF18394BFD9C" blockId="13.[144,1164,577,921]" box="[785,1094,577,601]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
(vs.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C3565AF183EBDFD9C" box="[831,944,577,601]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rutila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C3565AF183EBDFD9C" box="[831,944,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">A. r. rutila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
total score 7)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD7CB2F36CAAF383E10FEDC" blockId="13.[144,1164,577,921]" lastBlockId="14.[144,1165,129,761]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Scored 4 by del
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD7CB2C371EAF383F39FDBC" author="Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J." box="[324,564,609,633]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" refId="ref15056" refString="del Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International illustrated checklist of the birds of the world, vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona." type="journal volume" year="2014">Hoyo & Collar (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based on larger size in all external measurements (to which they assign a score of 3) and slightly ‘darker and duskier’ plumage (which they score 1). Regarding colour differences,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD7CB2C344AAFF83FA8FD7C" author="Grant, P. R." box="[528,677,673,697]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, based on
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD7CB2C357EAFF83E73FD7C" box="[804,894,673,697]" count="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" type="male">27 male</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD7CB2C35E6AFF83927FD7C" box="[956,1066,673,697]" count="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" type="female">18 female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C3269AFFB3981FD7C" box="[1075,1164,674,697]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C3269AFFB3981FD7C" box="[1075,1164,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
vs.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD7CB2C36EDAF983C1DFD1C" box="[183,272,705,729]" count="46" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" type="male">46 male</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD7CB2C3711AF983CB5FD1C" box="[331,440,705,729]" count="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" type="female">14 female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C379AAF983CF7FD1C" baseAuthorityName="Delattre" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[448,506,705,729]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C379AAF983CF7FD1C" box="[448,506,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">rutila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) stated that the underparts are uniformly dark cinnamon vs. paler cinnamon, particularly on the chin and throat. The belly of some mainland
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C3208AFB83981FD3C" baseAuthorityName="Delattre" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1106,1164,737,761]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C3208AFB83981FD3C" box="[1106,1164,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">rutila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at IBUNAM is as dark as the underparts of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C34CFAE5B3FE3FCDC" box="[661,750,770,793]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C34CFAE5B3FE3FCDC" box="[661,750,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but the chin and throat, and often asymmetrical patches on the breast, are always paler (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFD7CB2C34B4AE783E23FCFC" box="[750,814,801,825]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="13.[144,205,1566,1585]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,975,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-410@13.[144,1164,972,1552]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 9. Two specimens of Cinnamon Hummingbird Amazilia rutila graysoni (below) compared with two specimens of A. r. rutila (above); note the considerable difference in size. The second specimen from the top is the darkest-throated A. r. rutila at Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; the right side of its throat is paler than the left, and thus more like the typical colour of the subspecies (Héctor Gómez de Silva)" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD7CB2C351BAE783ED5FCFC" author="Grant, P. R." box="[833,984,801,825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also mentioned that the upperparts are ‘dark green or even red-bronze’ vs. ‘paler green, and in those which have a bronze colour it is always yellow-green, never red’, and that the ‘tips’ (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C325EAE383912FCBD" box="[1028,1055,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">sic</emphasis>
|
||||
, actually, subterminal portions) of most, particularly the outer, rectrices are dark greenish bronze to dull violet in 90% of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F37D9ADDB3CD1FF5C" box="[387,476,130,153]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F37D9ADDB3CD1FF5C" box="[387,476,130,153]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
vs. paler, bright greenish bronze in 90% of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F358FADD83902FF5C" baseAuthorityName="Delattre" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[981,1039,129,153]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F358FADD83902FF5C" box="[981,1039,129,153]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">rutila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens (score at least 1). The underpart colours in these taxa are based on the intensity of cinnamon pigmentation whereas the upperpart colours (as in iridescent colours of hummingbirds generally) are based on a combination of melanin and feather nanostructure; therefore we score 1 for underparts colour and 1 for upperparts colour.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFD7CB2C36CAAB473C26F951" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" startId="13.[144,205,1566,1585]" targetBox="[144,1164,975,1549]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD7CB2C36CAAB473C26F951" blockId="13.[144,1164,1566,1684]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Figure 9. Two specimens of Cinnamon Hummingbird
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C34C4AB473E7AF9F5" authorityName="Cinnamon Hummingbird" authorityYear="2013" box="[670,887,1566,1585]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rutila" subSpecies="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C34C4AB473E7AF9F5" box="[670,887,1566,1585]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">Amazilia rutila graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(below) compared with two specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C374BAB6E3C7DF98C" box="[273,368,1590,1610]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rutila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C374BAB6E3C7DF98C" box="[273,368,1590,1610]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">A. r. rutila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(above); note the considerable difference in size. The second specimen from the top is the darkest-throated
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C3735AB093CDDF9A7" box="[367,464,1615,1635]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rutila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C3735AB093CDDF9A7" box="[367,464,1615,1635]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">A. r. rutila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; the right side of its throat is paler than the left, and thus more like the typical colour of the subspecies (Héctor Gómez de Silva)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD4CB2F369AAC783DFCFE5C" blockId="14.[144,1165,129,761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD4CB2F369AAC783C67FEFC" author="Grant, P. R." box="[192,362,289,313]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant’s (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
measurements reveal that the bill in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F354FAC7B3E63FEFC" box="[789,878,290,313]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F354FAC7B3E63FEFC" box="[789,878,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is both relatively shorter (effect size for bill length 2 vs. effect size for most external measurements 3 [score 1]) and, especially in males, relatively narrower (effect size for bill width 1 but for bill length 2 [not scored]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD4CB2F369AACF83DC2FD9D" blockId="14.[144,1165,129,761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
The notably larger overall size of insular
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F3499ACFB3E11FE7C" box="[707,796,418,441]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F3499ACFB3E11FE7C" box="[707,796,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is paralleled by Rufous-tailed Hummingbird
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F3760AC983F30FE1C" authorityName="Wetmore" authorityYear="1963" box="[314,573,449,473]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tacatl" subSpecies="handleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F3760AC983F30FE1C" box="[314,573,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">Amazilia tacatl handleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F33F52CEFFD4CB2F343AAC983F8AFE1C" box="[608,647,449,473]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Escudo de
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49ECDCBCFFD4CB2F3553AC983E7EFE1C" box="[777,883,449,473]" country="Panama" name="Veraguas" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">Veraguas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F33F52CEFFD4CB2F3524AC983ED5FE1D" box="[894,984,449,472]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD4CB2F35BFAC983985FE1C" author="Wetmore, A." box="[997,1160,449,473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref17484" refString="Wetmore, A. 1959. The birds of Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 139: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1959">Wetmore 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD4CB2F36CAACB83C45FE3C" author="Miller, M. J. & Lelevier, M. J. & Bermingham, E. & Klicka, J. T. & Escalante-Pliego, P. & Winker, K." box="[144,328,481,505]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" pagination="806 - 816" refId="ref15958" refString="Miller, M. J., Lelevier, M. J., Bermingham, E., Klicka, J. T., Escalante-Pliego, P. & Winker, K. 2011. Phylogeography of the Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (Amazilia tacatl). Condor 113: 806 - 816." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Miller
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F3681ACBB3C0BFE3C" box="[219,262,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) but in the later case, there is reportedly a narrow ‘zone of morphometric intergradation’ (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD4CB2F371FAF583CC6FDDC" author="Weller, A. A." box="[325,459,513,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refId="ref17431" refString="Weller, A. A. 1999. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tacatl. P. 595 in del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds.) Handbook of the birds of the world, vol. 5. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona." type="book" year="1999">Weller 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), although the data on which the statement was based have not been published to date. There is no zone of intergradation between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F35D4AF7B3EEAFDFC" box="[910,999,546,569]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F35D4AF7B3EEAFDFC" box="[910,999,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and mainland
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F36CAAF183DC7FD9C" baseAuthorityName="Delattre" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[144,202,577,601]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F36CAAF183DC7FD9C" box="[144,202,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">rutila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD4CB2F369AAF383EF8FD3C" blockId="14.[144,1165,129,761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
Of the
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD4CB2F374EAF383CA1FDBC" box="[276,428,609,633]" count="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F378DAF3B3F3DFDBC" box="[471,560,610,633]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F378DAF3B3F3DFDBC" box="[471,560,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at IBUNAM, the smallest (P019069 from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F33F52CEFFD4CB2F3242AF383932FDBC" box="[1048,1087,609,633]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||||
María Madre) has atypical upperparts, with much-reduced iridescence on the wing-coverts and back compared to either
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F37FEAFFB3CF0FD7C" box="[420,509,674,697]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F37FEAFFB3CF0FD7C" box="[420,509,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F347BAFF83F56FD7C" baseAuthorityName="Delattre" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[545,603,673,697]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F347BAFF83F56FD7C" box="[545,603,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">rutila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We consider that this specimen could be a hybrid
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F36CAAF9B3DE4FD1C" box="[144,233,706,729]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graysoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F36CAAF9B3DE4FD1C" box="[144,233,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">graysoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD4CB2F36AAAF983C33FD1C" baseAuthorityName="Delattre" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[240,318,705,729]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutila">
|
||||
×
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD4CB2F375EAF983C33FD1C" box="[260,318,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="20">rutila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the colour of its upperparts being heterotic (a trait of a hybrid outside the range of variation for that trait in either parental species;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD4CB2F354EAFB83EE5FD3C" author="McCarthy, E. M." box="[788,1000,737,761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refId="ref15731" refString="McCarthy, E. M. 2006. Handbook of avian hybrids of the world. Oxford Univ. Press, New York." type="book" year="2006">McCarthy 2006: 17</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
582
data/03/81/A3/0381A348FFDFCB2C36CAA9193EACFDDC.xml
Normal file
582
data/03/81/A3/0381A348FFDFCB2C36CAA9193EACFDDC.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
|
|||
<document id="E39D2D7E5CFAC4D8D4252A9BDE2F2C11" ID-DOI="10.25226/bboc.v140i1.2020.a3" ID-ISSN="2513-9894" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1718071637822" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Silva, Héctor Gómez de, Pérez Villafaña, Mónica G., Cruz-Nieto, Javier & Cruz-Nieto, Miguel Ángel" docDate="2020" docId="0381A348FFDFCB2C36CAA9193EACFDDC" docLanguage="en" docName="BullBritOrnitholClub.140.1.7-37.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 140 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EFA7F293C51FD4806C5290561C16F223.2:BullBritOrnitholClub.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="EFA7F293C51FD4806C5290561C16F223" docStyleName="BullBritOrnitholClub.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Cynanthus latirostris subsp. lawrencei" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFB8DB30FFDACB21365AAD593D0DFFC5" masterDocTitle="Are some of the birds endemic to the Tres Marías Islands (Mexico) species?" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="7" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1726181938441" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6BD91A8D9E202997389BDFB3C03380BA">
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<mods:title id="706833B48B73BBC1B541100F2B6EF962">Are some of the birds endemic to the Tres Marías Islands (Mexico) species?</mods:title>
|
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<mods:namePart id="50BE5750FF56BBC07BE3F8BB05064BC4">Silva, Héctor Gómez de</mods:namePart>
|
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="782BAA534C67F40F9D3DB594A4F21E55">Pérez Villafaña, Mónica G.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="B57AEB2DACFD019B2533CD546D325D6C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="BA7643B38E6AB8108DEC42BA2948557C">Cruz-Nieto, Javier</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="14EFD5C5DF89E01D0678B6FD1778C0D8" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="801665FDFC01F402B5345B739AE3ED24">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="B3E77741AF3B1832D4D3AB1AAAAD0DC9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D3E5CC76B0C872D5EDB4B97E69495F48">Cruz-Nieto, Miguel Ángel</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="8DE2DC07A4BAC5367DB20F89C60CB673">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="3BBEF24B192434495E8259E0B467E02D" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="075096FE2059F68E6AE437D0CE6B53BE">
|
||||
<mods:title id="03EE497BD5934EFBDB50ACD38A803EE8">Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="6D4ACE5A501BD5C292DD12398668E040">
|
||||
<mods:date id="BF8C189B472391071D78E981CBF27980">2020</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="28DF4F98EEDBC8ED70C99B665E07E0CB" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="E8EA924A6588D384994A02B2CEE4DD23">2020-03-19</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="8EDADFB25D944E815D609D581AB00788" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="AAFCFB638FDF5DD088A2616C83D0DF71">140</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="750F3C87E7D78F5D01787EECB88C1EAE" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="1CC8F4DA490EF5B003C5CA881BFB1DD7">1</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="F6308470445CE435DB6128C8A64B47CB" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="77DA3E4E10C979464174143F72CA3003">7</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="0D1CF914A2BBCB56100544BEBC51DC9C">37</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:classification id="12BC8658CA3D1FD8575590A0BAFC3A6B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="F0C25267D7470BB400CB5CA6903E7E81" type="DOI">10.25226/bboc.v140i1.2020.a3</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="28701D82615FBE6F1395520930CC6DE5" type="ISSN">2513-9894</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="0381A348FFDFCB2C36CAA9193EACFDDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381A348FFDFCB2C36CAA9193EACFDDC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381A348FFDFCB2C36CAA9193EACFDDC" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<heading id="D0DFA532FFDFCB2436CAA9193DE1FBBD" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFDFCB2436CAA9193E8AFB9D" box="[144,903,1088,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDFCB2436CAA9193E8AFB9D" blockId="5.[144,1165,1088,1688]" box="[144,903,1088,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDFCB2436CAA9193F3CFB9D" bold="true" box="[144,561,1088,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">BROAD-BILLED HUMMINGBIRD</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDFCB243466A9193E8AFB9D" ID-CoL="5GRTR" baseAuthorityName="von Berlepsch" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[572,903,1088,1112]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latirostris" subSpecies="lawrencei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDFCB243466A9193E8AFB9D" box="[572,903,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">Cynanthus latirostris lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFDFCB2C35CBA9193EACFDDC" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDFCB2435CBA9193DE1FBBD" blockId="5.[144,1165,1088,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
(vs.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDFCB243598A919395DFB9D" box="[962,1104,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">C. l. magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
total score 8).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDFCB2436CAA9D9398EF99D" blockId="5.[144,1165,1088,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Scored 9 by del
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDFCB243764A9D93F27FB5D" author="Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J." box="[318,554,1152,1176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" refId="ref15056" refString="del Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International illustrated checklist of the birds of the world, vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona." type="journal volume" year="2014">Hoyo & Collar (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based on colours of throat (‘glitering turquoise-green’ vs. ‘sapphire-blue’), breast (‘greeny-bronze’ vs. ‘turquoise-blue’) and undertail-coverts (‘whitish-edged darkish-grey’ vs. ‘pale grey-white’), and slightly shorter bill (most of these characters are visible in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFDFCB2437F3A9B93F1FFB3D" box="[425,530,1248,1272]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[559,620,1399,1418]" captionStartId-1="10.[144,205,979,998]" captionStartId-2="10.[144,176,1620,1639]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1164,127,931]" captionTargetBox-2="[144,1164,1092,1604]" captionTargetId-1="figure-72@10.[144,1164,127,966]" captionTargetId-2="figure-127@10.[144,1164,1092,1604]" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="Figure 2. Male Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris lawrencei, Isla María Cleofas, May 2016 (Javier Cruz Nieto)" captionText-1="Figure 3. Throat colours of Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris specimens in the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México collection, on left: two C. l. magicus, right: two C. l. lawrencei; the apparently larger size and bills of the lawrencei specimens are an artefact of the photograph (Héctor Gómez de Silva)" captionText-2="Fig. 4. Typical undertail-coverts colour of male Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris magicus (two specimens at left) and C. l. lawrencei (two specimens at right), from specimens in the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México collection (Héctor Gómez de Silva)" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, the throat and breast characters, which del
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDFCB2436CAA8593C72FADD" author="Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J." box="[144,383,1280,1304]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" refId="ref15056" refString="del Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International illustrated checklist of the birds of the world, vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona." type="journal volume" year="2014">Hoyo & Collar (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
scored separately, could be viewed as a single character (less blue on iridescence of throat and breast), and we could not clearly discern the difference in breast colour in IBUNAM specimens. Therefore we ignore the breast colour character (thereby ‘losing’ two points), but this enables a further colour character to be scored.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDFCB2435AFA8393985FABD" author="Grant, P. R." box="[1013,1160,1376,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, based on
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFDFCB24375AA8D93C54FA5D" box="[256,345,1408,1432]" count="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" type="male">23 male</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFDFCB2437CCA8D93F0EFA5D" box="[406,515,1408,1432]" count="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" type="female">22 female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDFCB243456A8D93F63FA5D" box="[524,622,1408,1432]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDFCB243456A8D93F63FA5D" box="[524,622,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
vs.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFDFCB2434FAA8D93FF4FA5D" box="[672,761,1408,1432]" count="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" type="male">41 male</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFDFCB24356CA8D93EAEFA5D" box="[822,931,1408,1432]" count="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" type="female">25 female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDFCB2435F7A8D8390FFA5D" box="[941,1026,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
) mentioned additional colour differences, including darker grey underparts in females (score 1), and that 75% of his
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDFCB243711A8993CA0FA1D" box="[331,429,1472,1496]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDFCB243711A8993CA0FA1D" box="[331,429,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
samples of both sexes had darker green upperparts compared to 75% of his
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDFCB24376EA8B83C84FA3D" box="[308,393,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
samples (not scored).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDFCB2434C9A8B93E23FA3D" author="Grant, P. R." box="[659,814,1504,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also mentioned an additional morphometric difference (slightly but significantly smaller grey tips to the rectrices, at least in females; not scored). According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDFCB24341AAB793FE6F9FD" author="Grant, P. R." box="[576,747,1568,1592]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant’s (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
data, shorter bill length in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDFCB243271AB793980F9FD" box="[1067,1165,1568,1592]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDFCB243271AB793980F9FD" box="[1067,1165,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
scores only 1, not 2 as in del
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDFCB243789AB193FC8F99D" author="Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J." box="[467,709,1600,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" refId="ref15056" refString="del Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International illustrated checklist of the birds of the world, vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona." type="journal volume" year="2014">Hoyo & Collar (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, but wings and tail are longer (score 1).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDFCB28369AAB393F8BFA23" blockId="5.[144,1165,1088,1688]" lastBlockId="9.[144,1164,1486,1702]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
We found that the undertail-coverts character does not distinguish 100% of one taxon from 100% of the other, as implied in the literature (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDFCB243494ABD93E62F95D" author="Ridgway, R." box="[718,879,1664,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 859" refId="ref16802" refString="Ridgway, R. 1911. The birds of North and Middle America. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 50 (5): 1 - 859." type="journal article" year="1911">Ridgway 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDFCB243522ABD9390CF95D" author="Grant, P. R." box="[888,1025,1664,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant 1965a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, del Hoyo & Collar 2014). Of 11 male specimens of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB2836E8AE573C19FCE3" box="[178,276,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
at IBUNAM in which it is possible to see the undertailcoverts, typical colours are present in nine specimens but P019534 has a two-toned patern in which the anterior feathers are typical of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB2836CAAE973DFFFC23" box="[144,242,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
but the largest, posterior feathers are predominantly white with very pale grey central portions, very similar to
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB283706A9763CBEFB83" box="[348,435,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
P001630 from Sinaloa (Fig. 5). Also, the usually whitish undertail-coverts of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB2836CAA9D63DE8FB63" box="[144,229,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
reach their greyest extreme in P001631 and P020047 (Fig. 6), albeit a pearly grey rather than the brownish grey of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB2837D1A9B73CE0FAC3" box="[395,493,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
. We do not believe that any of these specimens are hybrids because no other character suggests this, and their geographic location is too far removed from the Tres Marías (e.g., P020047 is from too far north and inland for
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB28375CA8973C65FA23" box="[262,360,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
to be a plausible parent).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFDCCB27343EADDB3E0DFEDF" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" startId="6.[612,679,130,149]" targetBox="[144,1159,316,1650]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27343EADDB3E0DFEDF" blockId="6.[187,1121,130,282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
TABLE 2 Mean (in mm), standard error,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB2737BBADC43CE0FF6A" box="[481,493,157,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
|
||||
(sample size), Cohen’s
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB273490ADC53FD8FF6A" box="[714,725,156,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">d</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDCCB27355EADC53EA2FF6A" author="Tobias, J. A. & Seddon, N. & Spotiswoode, C. N. & Pilgrim, J. D. & Fishpool, L. D. C. & Collar, N. J." box="[772,943,156,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" pagination="724 - 746" refId="ref17157" refString="Tobias, J. A., Seddon, N., Spotiswoode, C. N., Pilgrim, J. D., Fishpool, L. D. C. & Collar, N. J. 2010. Quantitative criteria for species delimitation. Ibis 152: 724 - 746." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||||
Tobias
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB273512ADC43E61FF6A" box="[840,876,156,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2010)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
scores for the taxa evaluated in this paper (the first three taken from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDCCB2734CBADEE3E09FF0F" author="Grant, P. R." box="[657,772,183,202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant 1965a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). ‘Island’ refers to the taxon from the Tres Marías Islands and ‘Mainland’ to the taxon from the adjacent mainland. The symbol ‘—’ refers to data not provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFDCCB2737FFADB53F29FF3A" author="Grant, P. R." box="[421,548,236,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
due to small sample size or that cannot be calculated due to incomplete information.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<table id="F928E0FEFFDC34DE36CAAC65398AF9B7" box="[144,1159,316,1650]" colsContinueIn="7.[144,1159,129,1664]" gridcols="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB2736CAAC653CA7FE8A" box="[144,426,316,335]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB2736CAAC653CA7FE8A" bold="true" box="[144,426,316,335]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Species Body part</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB2736CAACD23C8FFE5B" box="[144,386,395,414]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDCCB2736CAACD23C3AFE5B" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1827" box="[144,311,395,414]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB2736CAACD23C3AFE5B" box="[144,311,395,414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Cynanthus latirostris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27340FAC653F79FE8A" box="[597,628,316,335]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB27340FAC653F79FE8A" bold="true" box="[597,628,316,335]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Sex</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB273415ACD23F77FE5B" box="[591,634,395,414]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Male</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB273490AC65398FFE5B" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB273490AC653972FEBA" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
Mainland mean
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F33F52CEFFDCCB273528AC653EA5FE8A" box="[882,936,316,335]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||||
mean / Cohen’s Tobias / standard error standard error
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB273247AC0D3972FEA2" bold="true" box="[1053,1151,340,360]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">d et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB273493AC343FD9FE45" bold="true" box="[713,724,365,384]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
|
||||
of individuals) (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB273532AC343E7EFE45" bold="true" box="[872,883,365,384]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
|
||||
of individuals) score
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
52.64 / 0.39 (38) 53.23 / 0.43 (20) 0.27 low 1
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27370EACE83962FE2F" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Tail Male 31.4 /0.3 (38) 32.64 / 0.35 (19) 0.73 1 Bill length Male 19.58 / 0.13 (37) 18.61 / 0.15 (20) 1.32 1</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27370EACA53C97FDED" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">length of tip of rectrix 1</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27370EAF6A3C8FFD83" box="[340,386,563,582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Wing</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB273415ACA53F77FDCA" box="[591,634,508,527]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Male</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27341CAF6A398FFDD5" box="[582,1154,508,582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Female 3 / 0.1 (34) 1.8 / 0.14 (16) 2.10 low 2</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB273497AF6A398FFD83" box="[717,1154,563,582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">51.96 / 0.47 (25) 52.37 / 0.22 (22) 0.23 low 1</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27370EAF003962FB66" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
Tail Female 29.72 / 0.29 (25) 30.28 / 0.21 (22) 0.45 1 Bill length Female 20.48 / 0.22 (24) 19.56 / 0.11 (20) 1.10 1
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDCCB2736CAAFFC3C0AFD7D" baseAuthorityName="Delattre" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[144,263,677,696]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Amazilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB2736CAAFFC3C0AFD7D" box="[144,263,677,696]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Amazilia rutila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing Male 58.74 / 0.29 (46) 70.58 / 0.44 (27) 5.55 3 Tail Male 36.89 / 0.24 (41) 44.54 / 0.36 (26) 4.52 high 2 Bill length Male 21.44 / 0.12 (44) 23.84 / 0.14 (27) 3.15 2 Bill width Male 3.18 / 0.04 (41) 3.63 / 0.08 (22) 1.40 high 1 Wing Female 55.98 / 0.55 (13) 69.04 / 0.46 (18) 6.64 3 Tail Female 35.58 / 0.35 (13) 44.36 / 0.34 (16) 6.69 3 Bill length Female 21.51 / 0.18 (13) 24.63 / 0.17 (15) 4.77 high 2 Bill width Female 3.07 / 0.08 (13) 3.51 / 0.04 (16) 1.89 high 1
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDCCB2736CAAE8A3C3AFC23" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" box="[144,311,979,998]" class="Aves" family="Cardinalidae" genus="Granatellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venustus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDCCB2736CAAE8A3C3AFC23" box="[144,311,979,998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Granatellus venustus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing Male 61.52 / (0.28) / 18 65.85 / 0.28 (21) 3.50 2 Tail Male 69.74 / 0.65 (16) 76.49 / 0.47 (20) 2.86 2 Tarsus Male 19.72 / 0.14 (18) 21.14 / 0.15 (20) 2.24 2 Bill length Male 8.76 / 0.09 (17) 8.96 / 0.04 (19) 0.69 1 width of rectrix
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFDCCB273784A9333F74FBB8" box="[478,633,1130,1149]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" type="male">6 male</specimenCount>
|
||||
6.19 / 0.27 (8) 7.22 / 0.17 (9) 1.59 1 white on rectrix
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFDCCB2737BBA9C93F74FB66" box="[481,633,1168,1187]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" type="male">6 male</specimenCount>
|
||||
28.1 / 1.08 (10) 38.38 / 0.71 (14) 3.36 2
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27370EA9EF3C8FFA8B" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">rectrix 6 length for same individuals as previous row length of white/ length of rectrix 6 Wing</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27340AA9EF3F74FB0C" box="[592,633,1206,1225]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">male</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27340AA85C3F74FADD" box="[592,633,1285,1304]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">male</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27341CA8623962FB0C" box="[582,1135,1206,1358]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">Female 69.19 / 0.73 (8) 76.25 / 0.62 (14) 3.21 2</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB273488A85D3962FADD" box="[722,1135,1284,1304]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">0.405 / 0.01 (8) 0.51 / 0.01 (14) 3.17 2</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB273497A8623988FA23" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
59.48 / 0.33 (11) 63.35 / 0.23 (13) 3.99 2 Tail Female 67.83 / 0.61 (11) 74.28 / 0.37 (17) 3.60 2 Tarsus Female 19.52 / 0.12 (12) 21.24 / 0.08 (14) 4.75 high 2 Bill length Female 8.88 / 0.14 (12) 8.79 / 0.07 (13) 0.23 low 1 white on rectrix
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFDCCB2737BBA88A3F8CFA23" box="[481,641,1491,1510]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" type="female">6 female</specimenCount>
|
||||
25 / 0.32 (5) 34.21 / 0.97 (7) 4.89 high 2
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB27370EA8A13F8CF9CE" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
rectrix 6 length for same individuals as previous row length of white/ length of rectrix
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFDCCB2737B8AB063F8CF9CE" box="[482,641,1528,1650]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" type="female">6 female</specimenCount>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB273412AB1E3962F9CE" box="[584,1135,1528,1626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">female 66.6 / 1.37 (5) 73.86 / 0.57 (7) 3.01 2</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDCCB273488AB1E3962F99F" box="[722,1135,1607,1626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="12">0.378 / 0.01 (5) 0.463 / 0.01 (7) 3.47 2</paragraph>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<table id="F928E0FEFFDD34DE36CAADD8398AF945" box="[144,1159,129,1664]" colsContinueFrom="6.[144,1159,316,1650]" colsContinueIn="8.[144,1159,129,1697]" gridcols="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDDCB2636CAADD83CA7FF50" box="[144,426,129,149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB2636CAADD83CA7FF50" bold="true" box="[144,426,129,149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">Species Body part</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDDCB2636CAAD883C8FFF26" box="[144,386,208,227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDDCB2636CAAD883C21FF26" baseAuthorityName="Souance" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[144,300,209,227]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopygius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB2636CAAD883C21FF26" box="[144,300,209,227]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">Forpus cyanopygius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDDCB26340FADD83F79FF51" box="[597,628,129,148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB26340FADD83F79FF51" bold="true" box="[597,628,129,148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">Sex</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDDCB263415AD893F77FF26" box="[591,634,208,227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">Male</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDDCB263490ADD83972FF69" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB263490ADD83972FF69" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Mainland mean
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F33F52CEFFDDCB263528ADDB3EA5FF50" box="[882,936,130,149]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||||
mean / Cohen’s Tobias / standard error standard error
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB263247ADC03972FF69" bold="true" box="[1053,1151,153,173]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">d et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDDCB263499ADE83962FF26" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB263499ADE83972FF00" bold="true" box="[707,1151,177,197]" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB263493ADEB3FD9FF00" bold="true" box="[713,724,178,197]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
|
||||
of individuals) (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB263532ADEB3E7EFF00" bold="true" box="[872,883,178,197]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
|
||||
of individuals) score
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
88.36 / 0.44 (20) 90.84 / 0.35 (21) 1.38 1
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFDDCB26370EADAF398FF945" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Tail Male 40.81 / 0.39 (20) 42.57 / 0.26 (21) 1.18 1 Tarsus Male 10.86 / 0.05 (20) 11.92 / 0.11 (21) 2.72 2 Bill length Male 13.55 / 0.1 (19) 14.05 / 0.08 (21) 1.24 1 Wing Female 86.98 / 0.37 (31) 90.93 / 0.57 (15) 1.85 high 1 Tail Female 40.9 / 0.33 (31) 43.29 / 0.33 (15) 1.51 1 Tarsus Female 11.06 / 0.08 (31) 12.06 / 0.14 (15) 0.82 1 Bill length Female 13.17 / 0.07 (30) 13.98 / 0.09 (14) 2.24 2
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDDCB2636CAACA63C2AFDD7" authorityName="P. L. Sclater" authorityYear="1863" box="[144,295,511,530]" class="Aves" family="Vireonidae" genus="Vireo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypochryseus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB2636CAACA63C2AFDD7" box="[144,295,511,530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">Vireo hypochryseus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing Male 63.87 / 0.3 (40) 67.83 / 0.33 (30) 2.14 low 2 Tail Male 55.74 / 0.3 (41) 60.45 / 0.23 (24) 2.99 2 Tarsus Male 18.71 / 0.1 (43) 19.98 / 0.09 (28) 2.22 2 Bill length Male 8.8 / 0.08 (42) 9.1 / 0.08 (29) 0.63 1 Coracoid Male 13.74 / 0.09 (12) 12.5 / 0.06 (6) 5.09 low 3 Femur Male 14.75 / 0.08 (14) 14.76 / 0.1 (7) 0.04 0 Wing Female 61.58 / 0.37 (20) 65.93 / 0.23 (23) 3.09 2 Tail Female 53.74 / 0.43 (19) 58.85 / 0.22 (21) 3.40 2 Tarsus Female 18.84 / 0.14 (20) 20.06 / 0.15 (23) 1.81 high 1 Bill length Female 8.7 / 0.09 (20) 9.13 / 0.04 (19) 1.39 1 Coracoid Female 13.47 / 0.04 (9) 12.57 / — (4) — — Femur Female 14.71 / 0.08 (10) 14.96 / 0.06 (5) 1.23 1
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDDCB2636CAAE9D3C2FFC12" baseAuthorityName="P. L. Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[144,290,964,983]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="felix">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB2636CAAE9D3C2FFC12" box="[144,290,964,983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">Pheugopedius felix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing Male 56.89 / 0.25 (37) 59.41 / 0.37 (42) 1.26 1 Tail Male 52.49 / 0.29 (31) 56.06 / 0.33 (37) 1.96 1–2 Tarsus Male 21.56 / 0.13 (35) 21.93 / 0.1 (43) 0.52 1 Bill length Male 10.91 / 0.09 (36) 12.4 / 0.12 (41) 2.24 2 Wing Female 53.54 / 0.43 (18) 57.68 / 0.45 (28) 1.95 high 1 Tail Female 49.25 / 0.64 (17) 55.06 / 0.54 (27) 2.13 low 2 Tarsus Female 21.28 / 0.16 (17) 21.37 / 0.12 (29) 0.14 0 Bill length Female 10.54 / 0.14 (18) 12.2 / 0.09 (28) 3.08 2
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDDCB2636CAA9AA3C4EFAC3" authorityName=", Grant" authorityYear="1965" box="[144,323,1267,1286]" class="Aves" family="Mimidae" genus="Melanotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB2636CAA9AA3C4EFAC3" box="[144,323,1267,1286]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">Melanotis caerulescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing Male 114.17 / 0.73 (25) 109.82 / 0.57 (49) 1.14 1 Tail Male 123.47 / 0.92 (28) 109.46 / 0.75 (44) 2.85 2 Tarsus Male 29.18 / 0.18 (29) 28.46 / 0.14 (52) 0.28 low 1 Bill length Male 17.42 / 0.18 (28) 20.06 / 0.15 (46) 2.68 2 Wing Female 110.26 / 0.7 (25) 106.82 / 0.49 (24) 1.15 1 Tail Female 116.38 / 1.07 (25) 104.92 / 0.92 (22) 2.36 2 Tarsus Female 29.3 / 0.18 (31) 28.3 / 0.16 (24) 1.11 1 Bill length Female 17.13 / 0.21 (28) 19.72 / 0.14 (23) 2.82 2
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFDDCB2636CAAB7B3C13F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Wagler" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[144,286,1569,1588]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Icterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pustulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFDDCB2636CAAB7B3C13F9F1" box="[144,286,1569,1588]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="13">Icterus pustulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing Male 96.22 / 0.3 (66) 104.56 / 0.35 (42) 3.54 2 Tail Male 84.61 / 0.37 (61) 91.52 / 0.32 (39) 2.78 2 Tarsus Male 24.96 / 0.08 (66) 25.17 / 0.17 (28) 0.27 low 1
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<table id="F928E0FEFFD234DE36CAADD8398AF964" box="[144,1159,129,1697]" colsContinueFrom="7.[144,1159,129,1664]" colsContinueIn="9.[144,1159,129,677]" gridcols="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB2936CAADD83CA7FF50" box="[144,426,129,149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB2936CAADD83CA7FF50" bold="true" box="[144,426,129,149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Species Body part</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB29370EAD893CA1FF26" box="[340,428,208,227]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Bill length</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB29340FADD83F79FF51" box="[597,628,129,148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB29340FADD83F79FF51" bold="true" box="[597,628,129,148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Sex</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB293415AD893F77FF26" box="[591,634,208,227]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Male</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB293490ADD83972FF69" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293490ADD83972FF69" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Mainland mean
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F33F52CEFFD2CB293528ADDB3EA5FF50" box="[882,936,130,149]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||||
mean / Cohen’s Tobias / standard error standard error
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293247ADC03972FF69" bold="true" box="[1053,1151,153,173]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">d et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB293499ADE83962FF26" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293499ADE83972FF00" bold="true" box="[707,1151,177,197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293493ADEB3FD9FF00" bold="true" box="[713,724,178,197]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">n</emphasis>
|
||||
of individuals) (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293532ADEB3E7EFF00" bold="true" box="[872,883,178,197]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">n</emphasis>
|
||||
of individuals) score
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
14.78 / 0.78 (66) 17.35 / 0.12 (37) 0.57 1
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB29370EADAF3962FA97" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Bill width Male 5.03 / 0.03 (54) 5.47 / 0.05 (23) 1.91 high 1 Coracoid Male 19.88 / 0.1 (42) 18.87 / 0.13 (9) 1.89 high 1 Femur Male 21.92 / 0.1 (43) 21.83 / 0.34 (9) 0.10 0 Dorsal streaks Male 30.4 / 0.69 (51) 5.4 / 0.75 (30) 5.51 3 Wing Female 90.82 / 0.52 (27) 97.8 / 0.42 (15) 3.13 2 Tail Female 81.33 / 0.68 (19) 85.67 / 0.8 (15) 1.43 1 Tarsus Female 24.81 / 0.13 (27) 25.87 / 0.13 (14) 1.80 high 1 Bill length Female 14.88 / 0.15 (26) 16.68 / 0.2 (13) 2.42 2 Bill width Female 4.98 / 0.04 (24) 5.44 / 0.04 (11) 2.75 2 Coracoid Female 19.28 / 0.11 (25) 18.23 / 0.09 (7) 2.48 2 Femur Female 21.92 / 0.1 (43) 21.83 / 0.34 (9) 0.10 0 Dorsal streaks female 28.2 / 1.35 (17) 4.4 / 1.35 (12) 4.63 2
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD2CB2936CAAFE53C2FFD0B" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[144,290,700,719]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Leptotila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verreauxi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB2936CAAFE53C2FFD0B" box="[144,290,700,719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Leptotila verreauxi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing Male 143 / 0.63 (32) 152.5 / 0.6 (25) 2.73 2 Tail Male 109.2 / 0.69 (31) 109.5 / 0.57 (25) 0.09 0 Tarsus Male 29.04 / 0.25 (31) 31.58 / 0.24 (25) 1.95 high 1 Bill length Male 9.73 / 0.08 (31) 10.86 / 0.09 (22) 0.24 1 Tail tip length Male 9.8 / 0.25 (27) 8.3 / 0.3 (20) 1.14 1 Wing Female 140.6 / 0.77 (12) 149.8 / 0.54 (21) 3.58 2 Tail Female 108.8 / 1.35 (12) 106.5 / 0.43 (21) 0.64 1 Tarsus Female 27.69 / 0.41 (12) 30.4 / 0.24 (21) 2.13 2 Bill length Female 9.36 / 0.08 (11) 10.97 / 0.12 (18) 3.97 2 Tail tip length Female 9.1 / 0.22 (12) 7.6 / 0.33 (17) 1.36 1
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD2CB2936CAA96F3C3DFB8C" authorityName="Lafresnaye" authorityYear="1840" box="[144,304,1078,1097]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufopalliatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB2936CAA96F3C3DFB8C" box="[144,304,1078,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Turdus rufopalliatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing Male 123.19 / 0.59 (32) 127.17 / 0.58 (22) 1.31 1 Tail Male 99.29 / 0.69 (32) 102.49 / 0.73 (22) 0.87 1 Tarsus Male 31.48 / 0.21 (32) 34.8 / 0.23 (20) 2.99 2 Bill length Male 13.26 / 0.08 (30) 15.18 / 0.17 (22) 2.98 2 Wing Female 120.42 / 0.5 (20) 124.97 / 0.52 (37) 1.66 1 Tail Female 95.85 / 0.68 (21) 99.6 / 0.52 (39) 1.18 1 Tarsus Female 31.19 / 0.17 (22) 34.67 / 0.21 (34) 3.37 2 Bill length Female 13.8 / 0.14 (20) 15.42 / 0.11 (35) 2.54 2
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB2936CAA83D3C8FFAB2" box="[144,386,1380,1399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD2CB2936CAA83D3C3DFAB2" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[144,304,1380,1399]" class="Aves" family="Parulidae" genus="Setophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitiayumi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB2936CAA83D3C3DFAB2" box="[144,304,1380,1399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Setophaga pitiayumi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB29370EA8C23C7EFA6B" box="[340,371,1435,1454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Tail</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB29370EA88B3C86FA20" box="[340,395,1490,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Tarsus</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB29370EAB513CA1F9DE" box="[340,428,1544,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Bill length</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB29370EAB663C8FF997" box="[340,386,1599,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Wing</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB29370EAB2F3C7EF94C" box="[340,371,1654,1673]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">Tail</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB293445A83D3FB8FA4A" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Male (excluding 55.42 / 0.33 (21) 58.28 / 0.34 (42) 1.51 1 mainland
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD2CB293430A8253FA3FA4A" box="[618,686,1404,1423]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293430A8253FA3FA4A" box="[618,686,1404,1423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">insularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB293445A8C23FB8FA03" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Male (excluding 42.83 / 0.48 (21) 49.14 / 0.33 (37) 3.00 2 mainland
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD2CB293430A8EA3FA3FA03" box="[618,686,1459,1478]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293430A8EA3FA3FA03" box="[618,686,1459,1478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">insularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB293445A88B3FB8FA38" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Male (excluding 16.14 / 0.09 (22) 19.11 / 0.08 (40) 6.37 3 mainland
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD2CB293430A8B33FA3FA38" box="[618,686,1514,1533]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293430A8B33FA3FA38" box="[618,686,1514,1533]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">insularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB293445AB513FB8F9F1" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Male (excluding 7.68 / 0.07 (22) 7.76 / 0.06 (40) 0.23 low 1 mainland
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD2CB293430AB793FA3F9F6" box="[618,686,1568,1587]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293430AB793FA3F9F6" box="[618,686,1568,1587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">insularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB29344CAB663FB8F9AF" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Female (excluding 52.22 / 0.33 (12) 56.38 / 0.28 (20) 3.47 2 mainland
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD2CB293430AB0E3FA3F9AF" box="[618,686,1623,1642]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293430AB0E3FA3F9AF" box="[618,686,1623,1642]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">insularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD2CB29344CAB2F3FB8F964" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Female (excluding 40.34 / 0.37 (11) 48.11 / 0.25 (19) 6.70 3 mainland
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD2CB293430ABD73FA3F964" box="[618,686,1678,1697]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD2CB293430ABD73FA3F964" box="[618,686,1678,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="14">insularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<table id="F928E0FEFFD334DE36CAADD8398AFD60" box="[144,1159,129,677]" colsContinueFrom="8.[144,1159,129,1697]" gridcols="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD3CB2836CAADD83CA7FF50" box="[144,426,129,149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB2836CAADD83CA7FF50" bold="true" box="[144,426,129,149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">Species Body part</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD3CB28370EAD883C86FF21" box="[340,395,209,228]" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">Tarsus</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD3CB28370EAC5E3CA1FEDF" box="[340,428,263,282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">Bill length</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD3CB2836CAAC673C8FFE94" box="[144,386,318,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD3CB2836CAAC673C3FFE94" box="[144,306,318,337]" class="Aves" family="Cardinalidae" genus="Cardinalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cardinalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB2836CAAC673C3FFE94" box="[144,306,318,337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">Cardinalis cardinalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wing
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD3CB28340FADD83FB8FF3E" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB28340FADD83972FF00" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Sex Mainland mean
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F33F52CEFFD3CB283528ADDB3EA5FF50" box="[882,936,130,149]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||||
mean / Cohen’s Tobias / standard error standard error
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB283247ADC03972FF69" bold="true" box="[1053,1151,153,173]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">d et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB283493ADEB3FD9FF00" bold="true" box="[713,724,178,197]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||||
of individuals) (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB283532ADEB3E7EFF00" bold="true" box="[872,883,178,197]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||||
of individuals) score
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Female (excluding 16.34 / 0.19 (11) 18.84 / 0.14 (20) 5.16 low 3 mainland
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD3CB283430ADB13FA3FF3E" box="[618,686,232,251]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB283430ADB13FA3FF3E" box="[618,686,232,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">insularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD3CB28344CAC5E3FB8FEF7" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Female (excluding 7.78 / 0.1 (10) 7.62 / 0.06 (20) 0.55 1 mainland
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD3CB283430AC463FA3FEF7" box="[618,686,287,306]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB283430AC463FA3FEF7" box="[618,686,287,306]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">insularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD3CB283415AC673988FE94" box="[591,1157,318,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">Male 91.04 / 0.78 (9) 95.17 / 0.33 (38) 1.88 high 1</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD3CB28370EAC3D3962FD60" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">Tail Male 101.9 / — (4) 96.96 / 0.61 (28) — — Tarsus Male 25.1 / 0.14 (8) 28.06 / 0.12 (44) 5.42 3 Bill length Male 13.22 / 0.29 (8) 14.17 / 0.1 (44) 1.27 1 Bill width Male 8.52 / 0.04 (8) 9.28 / 0.05 (27) 3.79 2 Wing Female 89.93 / 0.64 (6) 91.71 / 0.37 (34) 0.94 1 Tail Female 100.5 / 0.9 (6) 93.29 / 0.46 (21) 3.34 2 Tarsus Female 25.43 / 0.24 (6) 27.37 / 0.19 (32) 0.95 1 Bill length Female 13.47 / 0.32 (6) 13.85 / 0.08 (35) 0.59 1 Bill width Female 8.35 / 0.06 (6) 9.01 / 0.07 (26) 2.42 2</paragraph>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFD3CB283475A82E3954FA66" pageId="9" pageNumber="15" startId="9.[559,620,1399,1418]">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD3CB283475A82E3954FA66" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Figure 2. Male Broad-billed Hummingbird
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB28358BA82E3F8CFA66" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">Cynanthus latirostris lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
, Isla María Cleofas, May 2016 (Javier Cruz Nieto)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD3CB2D369AA8B73DF6F957" blockId="9.[144,1164,1486,1702]" lastBlockId="12.[144,1164,1562,1682]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Occasional
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB283710A8B73CB1F9C3" box="[330,444,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">Cynanthus</emphasis>
|
||||
wander between the Tres Marías and the mainland, and apparently sometimes interbreed. A. J. Grayson (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB283495AB563FE9F9E3" box="[719,740,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">in</emphasis>
|
||||
Lawrence 1872: 29) reported seeing one at sea ‘30 miles north’ of the Tres Marías Islands in May 1867, which visited his boat and flew from there toward the islands. Nelson (1899: 46) saw a male
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB2835FFAB173904F9A3" box="[933,1033,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||||
fly past his boat in a straight line toward the islands ‘about midway’ between the Tres Marías and San Blas, Nayarit. An adult male
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB283783ABD73F30F963" box="[473,573,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD3CB28343EABD73FCBF963" box="[612,710,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="15">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
was observed ‘1 mile east’ of Isla María
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49ECDCBCFFD1CB2A36CAAB7F3C03F9FB" box="[144,270,1574,1598]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD1CB2A3763AB7F3CF4F9FB" author="Grant, P. R." box="[313,505,1574,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a: 51)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
on
|
||||
<date id="FF96349EFFD1CB2A347FAB7F3FB1F9FB" box="[549,700,1574,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" value="1963-04-25">25 April 1963</date>
|
||||
flying towards the later island; and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD1CB2A323BAB7E3DCAF99B" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD1CB2A3695AB1F3C3CF99B" box="[207,305,1606,1630]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD1CB2A3695AB1F3C3CF99B" box="[207,305,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were collected on the mainland at Sauta,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49ECDCBCFFD1CB2A3548AB1F3E67F99B" box="[786,874,1606,1630]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, by C. Lamb (MLZ 28073 on
|
||||
<date id="FF96349EFFD1CB2A36EFAB3F3C31F9BB" box="[181,316,1638,1663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" value="1940-05-05">5 May 1940</date>
|
||||
, and MLZ 41912 on
|
||||
<date id="FF96349EFFD1CB2A3474AB3F3FC7F9BB" box="[558,714,1638,1662]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" value="1946-04-23">23 April 1946</date>
|
||||
, with
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD1CB2A354EAB3E3E72F9BB" box="[788,895,1638,1662]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD1CB2A35D2AB3E3ED0F9BB" box="[904,989,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
collected there around the same date as the 1940 specimen; J. Maley pers. comm.). MLZ 28073 has the only remaining undertail-covert feather typical of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD6CB2D34BBAB433E4DF9F7" box="[737,832,1562,1586]" class="Aves" family="Troglodytidae" genus="Pheugopedius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD6CB2D34BBAB433E4DF9F7" box="[737,832,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">lawrencii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
while,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD6CB2D35C6AB423ED0F9F7" box="[924,989,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">contra</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD6CB2D35B3AB433985F9F7" author="Grant, P. R." box="[1001,1160,1562,1586]" pageId="12" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, MLZ 41912 has the anterior feathers grey-brown and the posterior undertail-coverts very pale whitish grey (like the IBUNAM material in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFD6CB2D34ECAB033FFBF9B7" box="[694,758,1626,1650]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[855,916,130,149]" captionTargetBox="[144,840,129,1535]" captionTargetId="figure-197@11.[144,840,824,1537]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Two specimens of male Broad-billed Hummingbirds Cynanthus latirostris with similarly grey anterior undertailcoverts and white or whitish posterior undertail-coverts; above C. l. magicus, below, C. l. lawrencei (Héctor Gómez de Silva)" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
; MLZ specimen photos, courtesy of J. Maley).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFD0CB2B36CAAE8A3C75FBF4" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" startId="10.[144,205,979,998]" targetBox="[144,1164,127,931]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD0CB2B36CAAE8A3C75FBF4" blockId="10.[144,1165,979,1073]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
Figure 3. Throat colours of Broad-billed Hummingbird
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD0CB2B34F7AE8A3E64FC23" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1827" box="[685,873,979,998]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD0CB2B34F7AE8A3E64FC23" box="[685,873,979,998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="16">Cynanthus latirostris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens in the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México collection, on left: two
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD0CB2B3521AEB43EFCFC3A" box="[891,1009,1004,1024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="16">C. l. magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
, right: two
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD0CB2B323FAEB43DEFFBDD" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
C. l.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD0CB2B36CAA95C3DEFFBDD" box="[144,226,1029,1048]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">lawrencei</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
; the apparently larger size and bills of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD0CB2B34D2A95C3FD7FBDD" box="[648,730,1029,1048]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD0CB2B34D2A95C3FD7FBDD" box="[648,730,1029,1048]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="16">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens are an artefact of the photograph (Héctor Gómez de Silva)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFD0CB2B36CAAB0D3E8DF95C" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" startId="10.[144,176,1620,1639]" targetBox="[144,1164,1092,1604]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD0CB2B36CAAB0D3E8DF95C" blockId="10.[144,1165,1620,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
Fig. 4. Typical undertail-coverts colour of male Broad-billed Hummingbird
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD0CB2B350CAB0D3951F9A2" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant & J. Verreaux" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[854,1116,1620,1639]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latirostris" subSpecies="magicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD0CB2B350CAB0D3951F9A2" box="[854,1116,1620,1639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="16">Cynanthus latirostris magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(two specimens at left) and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD0CB2B3730AB373CE4F945" box="[362,489,1645,1665]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
C. l.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD0CB2B37CDAB343CE4F945" box="[407,489,1645,1664]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">lawrencei</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(two specimens at right), from specimens in the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México collection (Héctor Gómez de Silva)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFD1CB2A350DADDB3E81FE9E" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" startId="11.[855,916,130,149]" targetBox="[144,840,129,1535]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD1CB2A350DADDB3E81FE9E" blockId="11.[855,1165,129,347]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Figure 5. Two specimens of male Broad-billed Hummingbirds
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD1CB2A350DADEA3931FF03" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1827" box="[855,1084,179,198]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD1CB2A350DADEA3931FF03" box="[855,1084,179,198]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">Cynanthus latirostris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with similarly grey anterior undertailcoverts and white or whitish posterior undertail-coverts; above
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD1CB2A35C6AC4E3911FEEC" box="[924,1052,278,298]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">C. l. magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
, below,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD1CB2A3223AC4E3E6EFE87" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">C. l.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD1CB2A352AAC763E81FE9E" authority="(Hector Gomez de Silva)" baseAuthorityName="Hector Gomez de Silva" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD1CB2A352AAC763ECFFE87" box="[880,962,303,322]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
(Héctor Gómez de Silva)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFD1CB2A350DAE603EA4FC0D" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" startId="11.[855,916,825,844]" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD1CB2A350DAE603EA4FC0D" blockId="11.[855,1165,825,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Figure 6. Mainland specimens of male Broad-billed Hummingbird
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD1CB2A350DAE323950FCB8" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant & J. Verreaux" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[855,1117,875,894]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latirostris" subSpecies="magicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD1CB2A350DAE323950FCB8" box="[855,1117,875,894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="17">Cynanthus latirostris magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with grey undertail-coverts (usually white or whitish) (Héctor Gómez de Silva)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFD6CB2D36CAAF3C3E74FD6F" pageId="12" pageNumber="18" startId="12.[144,205,613,632]" targetBox="[195,1164,129,574]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD6CB2D36CAAF3C3E74FD6F" blockId="12.[144,1164,613,682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Figure 7. Presumed hybrid Broad-billed Hummingbird
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD6CB2D34E7AF3C3EEEFDBD" box="[701,995,613,632]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lawrencei" subSpecies="magicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD6CB2D34E7AF3C3E77FDBD" box="[701,890,613,632]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">Cynanthus lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD6CB2D35DFAF3C3E9DFDBD" bold="true" box="[901,912,613,632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">×</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD6CB2D35C1AF3F3EEEFDBD" box="[923,995,614,632]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimen in the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México collection; note
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD6CB2D35F3AF263EFCFD54" box="[937,1009,639,657]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
-like blue throat and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD6CB2D36E0AFCE3C01FD6F" box="[186,268,663,682]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD6CB2D36E0AFCE3C01FD6F" box="[186,268,663,682]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-like white-edged grey undertail-coverts (Héctor Gómez de Silva)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF5742D6FFD6CB2D36CAA8943F3CFA3D" pageId="12" pageNumber="18" startId="12.[144,205,1485,1504]" targetBox="[144,1164,713,1469]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD6CB2D36CAA8943F3CFA3D" blockId="12.[144,1164,1485,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Figure 8. Presumed hybrid Broad-billed Hummingbird
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD6CB2D34FCA8943ECDFA1A" box="[678,960,1485,1504]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lawrencei" subSpecies="magicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD6CB2D34FCA8943E52FA25" box="[678,863,1485,1504]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">Cynanthus lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD6CB2D353CA8943E7CFA25" bold="true" box="[870,881,1485,1504]" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">×</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD6CB2D3522A8943ECDFA1A" box="[888,960,1485,1503]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="18">magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimen, Isla María Cleofas, April 2016 (Héctor Gómez de Silva)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD7CB2C369AADD83FF4FEFC" blockId="13.[144,1164,129,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Among mainland specimens at IBUNAM,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD7CB2C34FDADD83E02FF5C" box="[679,783,129,153]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||||
(P001633 from just north-west of Las Varas,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49ECDCBCFFD7CB2C3754ADF83C6BFF7C" box="[270,358,161,185]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, along the Zacualpan road) appears to be a hybrid. It has a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C3278ADF83989FF7C" box="[1058,1156,161,185]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C3278ADF83989FF7C" box="[1058,1156,161,185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
- like shorter bill and undertail-coverts colour, but a
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C34B9AD9B3E35FF1C" box="[739,824,194,217]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
-like blue throat (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFD7CB2C3259AD98394BFF1C" box="[1027,1094,193,217]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[144,205,613,632]" captionTargetBox="[195,1164,129,574]" captionTargetId="figure-136@12.[144,1164,126,600]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Presumed hybrid Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus lawrencei × magicus specimen in the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México collection; note magicus-like blue throat and lawrencei-like white-edged grey undertail-coverts (Héctor Gómez de Silva)" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This is consistent with the observation that hybrids between hummingbirds of the ‘emerald’ group (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C36BFAC5B3C12FEDC" box="[229,287,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD7CB2C377DAC583F0FFEDC" author="McGuire, J. A. & Wit, C. C. & Remsen, J. V. & Corl, A. & Rabosky, D. L. & Altshuler D. L. & Dudley, R." box="[295,514,257,281]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref15814" refString="McGuire, J. A., Wit, C. C., Remsen, J. V., Corl, A., Rabosky, D. L., Altshuler D. L. & Dudley, R. 2014. Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds. Current Biol. 24: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
McGuire
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C37C8AC5B3CB2FEDC" box="[402,447,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) do not show mixed colours but rather a combination of characteristics of the parental species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD7CB2C3465AC783FD7FEFC" author="Graves, G. R." box="[575,730,289,313]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" pagination="847 - 852" refId="ref14606" refString="Graves, G. R. 2003 a. Diagnoses of hybrid hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae). 12. Amazilia bangsi Ridgway, 1910, is an intrageneric hybrid, Amazilia tacatl × Amazilia rutila. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 116: 847 - 852." type="journal article" year="2003">Graves 2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,b).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD7CB2C369AAC183FE4FE7C" blockId="13.[144,1164,129,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
A male Broad-billed Hummingbird we photographed on
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F33F52CEFFD7CB2C351BAC183E65FE9C" box="[833,872,321,345]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||||
María Cleofas on
|
||||
<date id="FF96349EFFD7CB2C3268AC183DCEFEBC" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" value="2016-04-26">26 April 2016</date>
|
||||
appears to combine the plumage characters of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C348FAC3B3E27FEBC" box="[725,810,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">magicus</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD7CB2C3538AC383EC9FEBC" box="[866,964,353,377]" class="Aves" family="Trochilidae" genus="Cynanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD7CB2C3538AC383EC9FEBC" box="[866,964,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">lawrencei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, namely the deep blue throat and blue-green breast / belly of the former with the undertail-coverts of the later (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFD7CB2C36CDACF83DDAFE7C" box="[151,215,417,441]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[144,205,1485,1504]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,713,1469]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Presumed hybrid Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus lawrencei × magicus specimen, Isla María Cleofas, April 2016 (Héctor Gómez de Silva)" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
), thus apparently representing another hybrid.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD7CB2C369AAC983EACFDDC" blockId="13.[144,1164,129,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Del
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD7CB2C36B5AC983CE9FE1C" author="Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J." box="[239,484,449,473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" refId="ref15056" refString="del Hoyo, J. & Collar, N. J. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International illustrated checklist of the birds of the world, vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona." type="journal volume" year="2014">Hoyo & Collar (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
used the English name Tres Marías Hummingbird, but we prefer to avoid potential confusion given that there are two species of hummingbird on the islands; consequently, we prefer the name Lawrence’s Hummingbird.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue