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<mods:title id="CB6CE081792441126520C48E7E6C4569">Genlisea hawkingii (Lentibulariaceae), a new species from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="71D53B1B99D7519F9A96C6E71E726AC5">Płachno, Bartosz Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="163E0C30FDC6EB41BF85F541ADDDF3FA">Carvalho, Samanta Gabriela Medeiros</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D78FF961A21FDC421B8FBACFB28" ID-CoL="7W9RX" authority="S.R.Silva, B.J.Plachno & V.Miranda" authorityName="S. R. Silva, B. J. Plachno & V. Miranda" authorityYear="2020" box="[533,1113,1168,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Genlisea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hawkingii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE9FF961A21FDC421B8FD2EFB28" box="[533,731,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Genlisea hawkingii</emphasis>
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S.R.Silva, B.J.Płachno & V.Miranda
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B916EAE9FF961A21FBB221B9FB8CFB28" box="[1123,1145,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B916EAE9FF961A21FB5421B9FB5EFB28" box="[1157,1195,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">nov</emphasis>
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.
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[urn:lsid:ipni.org:names: 77203166–1] (
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<figureCitation id="13592A7EFF961A21FD7A219BFCF3FB4B" box="[683,774,1203,1227]" captionStart-0="Fig 1" captionStart-1="Fig 2" captionStart-2="Fig 3" captionStartId-0="5.[282,310,203,222]" captionStartId-1="7.[330,358,203,222]" captionStartId-2="9.[247,275,203,222]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@4.[282,1536,208,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@6.[330,1536,208,1886]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@8.[247,1536,208,1886]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="Fig 1. Genlisea hawkingii. A. Habit. B. Rhizophyll. C. Glabrous leaf. D. Glandular capitate hairs. E. Open corolla, lateral view. F. Corolla, front view. G. Calyx. H. Capsule." captionText-1="Fig 2. Genlisea hawkingii. A. Habitat. B. Habit of the plant in Delfinópolis, Minas Gerais (Brazil). C. Corolla, front view. D. Corolla, lateral view. E. Dry infructescence. The pedicel twist upward. F. Immature fruit. G. Mature fruit. Pedicels bent upward. H. A rosette with two scapes. I. A rosette with photosynthetic leaves (above) and rhizophylls (below). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226337.g002" captionText-2="Fig 3. SEM images of Genlisea hawkingii. A. Flower, corolla and stamens removed, showing the gynoecium and sepals. B. Distal part of a pedicel. C. Cut spur. Note images A-C showing only glandular capitate hairs. D-E. Pollen grains (D–polar view, E–equatorial view). F-G. Seeds (F–Lateral view, G– Front view). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226337.g003" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151803" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151805" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151807" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13151803/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13151805/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13151807/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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).
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<subSubSection id="C3786570FF961A21FDC421D1FCBFFA2A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE9FF961A21FDC421D1FD6CFA95" bold="true" box="[533,665,1273,1301]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD36FBFF961A21FDC42002FCBFFA2A" blockId="3.[533,1530,1322,1450]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D78FF961A21FD522002FC84FAC2" authority="A. St." authorityName="A. St." box="[643,881,1322,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Genlisea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE9FF961A21FD522002FCC2FAC2" box="[643,823,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Genlisea violacea</emphasis>
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A.St.
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</taxonomicName>
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-Hil. and
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D78FF961A21FC042002FA46FAC2" authority="Rivadavia, A. Fleischm. & Gonella" authorityName="Rivadavia, A. Fleischm. & Gonella" box="[981,1459,1322,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Genlisea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
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||||
<emphasis id="B916EAE9FF961A21FC042002FC12FAC1" box="[981,999,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G</emphasis>
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||||
.
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<emphasis id="B916EAE9FF961A21FC222002FBBDFAC2" box="[1011,1096,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">flexuosa</emphasis>
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Rivadavia, A.Fleischm. & Gonella
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
, but it is distinct for the dark green leaves having a glabrous lamina and the flower that has a long conical spur with a curved apex, acute sepals apex and reproductive organs that are exclusively covered with glandular hairs.
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</paragraph>
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<mods:identifier id="B8FCD526772D2D7628D5F403E0289340" type="PubMed">31914132</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="4288B96E96E33077C1BECE073D0BA076" type="Zenodo-Dep">12630957</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A38CCF1DFE06CD6C51F40E3D8296E91B" type="ZooBank">C8E6E515-508F-47DE-9753-4EA619C1DDFD</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03E17648FFCCB2251372FCAFA903FD3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13326712" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E17648FFCCB2251372FCAFA903FD3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E17648FFCCB2251372FCAFA903FD3B" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFCCB2381372FCAFA867FCA9" box="[533,1039,835,863]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381372FCAFA867FCA9" blockId="14.[533,1039,835,863]" box="[533,1039,835,863]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<heading id="D0BF7032FFCCB2381372FCAFA867FCA9" box="[533,1039,835,863]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFCCB2381372FCAFA867FCA9" ID-CoL="3X4HC" authority="(Linnaeus, 1771)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[533,1039,835,863]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381372FCAFA867FCA9" bold="true" box="[533,1039,835,863]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381372FCAFAF42FCA9" bold="true" box="[533,810,835,863]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Macrocypraea cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus, 1771)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFCCB2381372FC98AFB6FC24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381372FC98A868FC7A" blockId="14.[533,1536,884,1324]" box="[533,1024,884,908]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB2381372FC98AE80FC7A" box="[533,744,884,908]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="6.[115,143,1716,1735]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,208,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[115,1536,208,1694]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 3. Macrocypraea spp shells and in situ. (A-D) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 108077 (L 95.8 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view.(C) Right view. (D) Left view. E) M. mammoth MZSP 108079 subadult specimen (L 80.4 mm), dorsal view. (F) Same, apertural view. (G) M. cervus MZSP 8149, from Mexico (L 152.9 mm), Apertural view. (H) Same, dorsal view. (I-K) M. cervus ANSP 93276, from Florida (L 129.4 mm). (I) Apertural view. (J) Dorsal view (broken). (K) Same, specimen and dorsal shell wall removed. (L) Alive paratypes in situ.; (M) Alive holotype in situ. (N-P) M. cervus, MZSP 115362, from Cuba (L 98.5 mm). (N) Apertural view. (O) Dorsal view. (P) Right view. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630961/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 3G–3K, 3N–3P</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB2381393FC98AF56FC7A" box="[756,830,884,908]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4D–4E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB238122DFC98AF15FC7A" box="[842,893,884,908]" captionStart-0="Fig 8" captionStart-1="Fig 9" captionStart-2="Fig 10" captionStartId-0="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionStartId-1="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionStartId-2="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetBox-2="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId-0="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId-1="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId-2="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" captionText-1="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" captionText-2="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8–10</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB23812D5FC98A868FC7A" box="[946,1024,884,908]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">11–11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381352FC7BAFF9FC59" blockId="14.[533,1536,884,1324]" box="[565,913,919,943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Synonymy see [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFCCB23813BBFC7BAE81FC59" author="Lorenz F." box="[732,745,919,943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14129" refString="2. Lorenz F. Cowries - A Guide to the Gastropod Family Cypraeidae. Vol. 1 - Biology and Systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 644 pp; 2017." type="book" year="2017">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. Complement:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381352FC56AFB6FC24" blockId="14.[533,1536,884,1324]" box="[565,990,954,978]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFCCB2381352FC56AF14FC24" authority="Linnaeus, 1771" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" box="[565,892,954,978]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381352FC56AEBCFC27" box="[565,724,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cypraea cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
Linnaeus, 1771
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFCCB23812E5FC56AFF3FC24" author="Linnaeus C." box="[898,923,954,978]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14635" refString="15. Linnaeus C. Vermes; pp 543 - 552. Mantissa Plantarum. Holmiae; 588 pp. 1771." type="book" year="1771">15</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 548.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFCCB2381352FC31A9E7FBCC" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381352FC31A83DFBE1" blockId="14.[533,1536,884,1324]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFCCB2381352FC31AF79FC02" ID-CoL="3X4HC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[565,785,989,1012]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381352FC31AF79FC02" box="[565,785,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Macrocypraea cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Meyer, 2003[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFCCB23812CEFC30AFAAFC02" author="Meyer CP" box="[937,962,988,1012]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="401 - 459" refId="ref14657" refString="16. Meyer CP. Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the tropics. Biol J Linn Soc. 2003; 79: 401 - 459." type="journal article" year="2003">16</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 411; Soriano, 2006[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFCCB23815C3FC30A8D5FC02" author="Guevara-Fletcher CE & Kintz JRC & Mejia-Ladino LM & Cortes FA" box="[1188,1213,988,1012]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref14691" refString="17. Guevara-Fletcher CE, Kintz JRC, Mejia-Ladino LM, Cortes FA. Benthic macrofauna associated with submerged bottoms of a tectonic estuary in Tropical Eastern Pacific. J Marine Biol. 2011; 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2011 / 193759" type="book chapter" year="2011">17</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 49, Table 3; Rosenberg et al., 2009[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFCCB2381336FC13AE02FBE1" author="Rosenberg G & Moretzsohn F & Garcia EF" box="[593,618,1023,1047]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14742" refString="18. Rosenberg G, Moretzsohn F, Garcia EF. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579 - 699. In: Felder DL, Camp DK (eds.). Gulf of Mexico - Origins, Waters, and Biota. Texas A & M Press, College Station, Texas; 2009." type="book" year="2009">18</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 636; Lorenz, 2017[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFCCB2381223FC13AF39FBE1" author="Lorenz F." box="[836,849,1023,1047]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14129" refString="2. Lorenz F. Cowries - A Guide to the Gastropod Family Cypraeidae. Vol. 1 - Biology and Systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 644 pp; 2017." type="book" year="2017">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 287, text figure., pl. 58.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381352FBCEA9E7FBCC" blockId="14.[533,1536,884,1324]" box="[565,1423,1058,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFCCB2381352FBCEAFA1FBCF" ID-CoL="3X4HC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[565,969,1058,1081]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus" subGenus="Lorenzicypraea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381352FBCEAFA1FBCF" box="[565,969,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Macrocypraea (Lorenzicypraea) cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Petuch & Drolshagen, 2011[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFCCB2381467FBCEA971FBCC" author="Petuch EJ & Drolshagen M." box="[1280,1305,1058,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14805" refString="19. Petuch EJ, Drolshagen M. Compendium of Florida fossil shells, vol 1. MdM Publishing. Wellington, Florida, 412 pp; 2011." type="book" year="2011">19</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 121–122.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFCCB2381352FBA8AF3DFBAA" box="[565,853,1092,1116]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381352FBA8AF3DFBAA" blockId="14.[533,1536,884,1324]" box="[565,853,1092,1116]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381352FBA8AEA3FBAA" bold="true" box="[565,715,1092,1116]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54F379FCFFCCB2381352FBA8AE05FBAA" box="[565,621,1092,1116]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Not stated.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFCCB2241352FB8BAE93FA11" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381352FB8BA95AFADA" blockId="14.[533,1536,884,1324]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381352FB8BAEC2FB89" bold="true" box="[565,682,1127,1151]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||||
Shell large (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFCCB2381220FB8BAFCDFB89" box="[839,933,1127,1151]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
|
||||
), with very numerous minute whitish spots, never ocellated, aperture widening anteriorly. Mantle lobes papillae small, simple, slender, very numerous. Hypobranchial gland very thick. Osphradium small, with branches very narrow. Kidney with lobe wide, with radial arrangement. Odontophore pair m3 twofold (m3, m3a). Anterior esophagus with distinct gland. Pallial spermoduct with edges strongly asymmetrical. Albumen gland clearly narrower than capsule gland. Bursa copulatrix simple, curved.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381372FAB1AF2DFA8F" blockId="14.[533,837,1373,1401]" box="[533,837,1373,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381372FAB1AF2DFA8F" bold="true" box="[533,837,1373,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distinctive description</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381352FA62AFA6F9C7" blockId="14.[533,1534,1422,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381352FA62AF95FA50" bold="true" box="[565,1021,1422,1446]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Shell (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB238131FFA62AF3DFA50" box="[632,853,1422,1446]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="6.[115,143,1716,1735]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,208,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[115,1536,208,1694]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 3. Macrocypraea spp shells and in situ. (A-D) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 108077 (L 95.8 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view.(C) Right view. (D) Left view. E) M. mammoth MZSP 108079 subadult specimen (L 80.4 mm), dorsal view. (F) Same, apertural view. (G) M. cervus MZSP 8149, from Mexico (L 152.9 mm), Apertural view. (H) Same, dorsal view. (I-K) M. cervus ANSP 93276, from Florida (L 129.4 mm). (I) Apertural view. (J) Dorsal view (broken). (K) Same, specimen and dorsal shell wall removed. (L) Alive paratypes in situ.; (M) Alive holotype in situ. (N-P) M. cervus, MZSP 115362, from Cuba (L 98.5 mm). (N) Apertural view. (O) Dorsal view. (P) Right view. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630961/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 3G–3K, 3N–3P</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB23812EDFA62AF85FA50" box="[906,1005,1422,1446]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">11A–11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Shell description in Lorenz ([
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFCCB238142FFA62A93DFA50" author="Lorenz F." box="[1352,1365,1422,1446]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14129" refString="2. Lorenz F. Cowries - A Guide to the Gastropod Family Cypraeidae. Vol. 1 - Biology and Systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 644 pp; 2017." type="book" year="2017">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 287). Pair of anterior projections flanking canal ~1/8 of shell length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB2381503FA5DA97EFA3F" box="[1124,1302,1457,1481]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 11A and 11C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Inner lip slope with teeth relatively short, perpendicular to longitudinal axis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB2381508FA38A8D7FA1A" box="[1135,1215,1492,1516]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 11E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); anterior concavity preceding canal relatively small (~1/3 of local shell height), lacking ventral nodules (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB2381422FA1AAE55F9C7" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 11D and 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Left edge of canal oblique (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB2381208F9F5AFD7F9C7" box="[879,959,1561,1585]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 11E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2381352F9D0A8A4F96F" blockId="14.[533,1534,1422,1897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381352F9D0AF0BF9A2" bold="true" box="[565,867,1596,1620]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Head-foot (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB23813D1F9D0AF3BF9A2" box="[694,851,1596,1620]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 8A and 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Characters similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFCCB238153BF9D0A885F9A5" box="[1116,1261,1595,1620]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB238153BF9D0A81BF9A5" box="[1116,1139,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381518F9D7A885F9A5" box="[1151,1261,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Distinctions as follows: Cephalic tentacles more ventrally positioned. Pairs of retractor muscles of proboscis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB23814FBF9B2A9B7F980" box="[1436,1503,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
: rm) of equivalent size. Proboscis much shorter (described below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCCB2261352F94FAEF1FA55" blockId="14.[533,1534,1422,1897]" lastBlockId="16.[533,1536,1385,1894]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381352F94FAFFBF94D" bold="true" box="[565,915,1699,1723]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Mantle organs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB2381383F94FAFECF94D" box="[740,900,1699,1723]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 8C and 8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFCCB2381570F948A8C0F94D" box="[1047,1192,1699,1723]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB2381570F948A846F94D" box="[1047,1070,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCCB238155DF94FA8C0F94D" box="[1082,1192,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Distinctions and remarks as follows: Outer surface of exposed part of mantle dark brown, bearing many relatively small, somewhat uniformly distributed papillae (mp). Each papilla mostly cylindrical, distal end tapering up into sharp pointed tip (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCCB23812EBF8E7AFBBF8D5" box="[908,979,1803,1827]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
: mp), base rarely narrower than middle region; profile broad, rather cylindrical. Siphon (si) bearing series of small papillae along its margin. Osphradium (os) much smaller, occupying ~1/30 of pallial roof area, widely separated from siphon and gill. Osphradium with three branches of roughly similar size and shape, each encompassing ~1/2 of total osphradium length. Each gill filament taller, narrower, triangular, tip sharper (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFCDB23913F0FEF9AEB7FEDB" box="[663,735,277,301]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig 8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
: gi). Distance between gill and visceral mass very close to kidney in posterior half, suddenly becoming far from kidney in anterior half. Hypobranchial gland thicker (hg).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF3797D6FFCDB23911A7F8E8AE30F87B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" targetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCDB23911A7F8E8AFCEF895" blockId="15.[192,1525,1796,1933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCDB23911A7F8E8AE6FF8E1" bold="true" box="[192,519,1796,1815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
Fig 8.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFCDB2391190F8E8ADC7F8E1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[247,431,1796,1815]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFCDB2391190F8E8ADC7F8E1" bold="true" box="[247,431,1796,1815]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Macrocypraea cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
anatomy.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFCDB23911A7F896AE30F87B" blockId="15.[192,1525,1796,1933]" box="[192,600,1914,1933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF3797D6FFD2B22611A7FB1DAE30FAB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" targetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD2B22611A7FB1DAD28FAEB" blockId="16.[192,1526,1265,1350]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B22611A7FB1DAE6FFAF2" bold="true" box="[192,519,1265,1284]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Fig 9.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD2B2261190FB1DADC7FAF2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[247,431,1265,1284]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B2261190FB1DADC7FAF2" bold="true" box="[247,431,1265,1284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Macrocypraea cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
anatomy.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD2B22611A7FADFAE30FAB0" blockId="16.[192,1526,1265,1350]" box="[192,600,1331,1350]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD2B2261352FA42A954FA30" blockId="16.[533,1536,1385,1894]" box="[565,1340,1454,1478]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B2261352FA42AFABFA30" bold="true" box="[565,963,1454,1478]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Visceral mass (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD2B22613BBFA42AF38FA30" box="[732,848,1454,1478]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig 8A, 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD2B22612E1FA42AFDBFA30" box="[902,947,1454,1478]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Same characters as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD2B22615C2FA42A95FFA30" box="[1189,1335,1454,1478]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B22615C2FA42A8D4FA33" box="[1189,1212,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B22615AEFA42A95FFA30" box="[1225,1335,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD2B2261352FA3DA956FA1F" blockId="16.[533,1536,1385,1894]" box="[565,1342,1488,1513]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B2261352FA3DA84CFA1F" bold="true" box="[565,1060,1489,1513]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Circulatory and excretory systems (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD2B22612D9FA3DA87CFA1F" box="[958,1044,1489,1513]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig 10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD2B22615CFFA3DA951FA1E" box="[1192,1337,1488,1513]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B22615CFFA3DA8D7FA1E" box="[1192,1215,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B22615ACFA3CA951FA1E" box="[1227,1337,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD2B2271352FA1FA984F8A8" blockId="16.[533,1536,1385,1894]" lastBlockId="17.[533,1536,1446,1886]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B2261352FA1FAFF1F9FD" bold="true" box="[565,921,1523,1547]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Digestive system (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD2B226139CFA1FAF27F9FD" box="[763,847,1523,1547]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD2B226123BFA1FAFE1F9FD" box="[860,905,1523,1547]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Most attributes similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD2B22615A5FA18A93BF9FD" box="[1218,1363,1523,1547]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B22615A5FA18A8B1F9FD" box="[1218,1241,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B2261582FA1FA93BF9FD" box="[1253,1363,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Distinctions and notable features as follow: Proboscis much shorter (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD2B2261501F9FAA8C2F9D8" box="[1126,1194,1558,1582]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig 8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
: pb), length ~1/3 of haemocoel length, volume ~30% of haemocoel volume. Buccal mass occupying ~1/4 of haemocoel volume, protruding beyond proboscis. Pair of dorsal folds of buccal cavity (df) slightly narrower; dorsal folds becoming narrow, separated from each other in their middle level, space between folds bearing two series of narrow, slightly oblique smaller folds (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD2B22615A2F94DA961F94F" box="[1221,1289,1697,1721]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: ff) delimited by pair of taller folds (ef) as continuation from buccal dorsal folds, running along entire middle esophagus, fading in posterior third of esophageal gland (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD2B2261551F90AA812F908" box="[1078,1146,1766,1790]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Odontophore muscles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD2B22614EDF90AA9B8F908" box="[1418,1488,1766,1790]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig 9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) also similar, differing by
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B226127CF8E5AF25F8D7" bold="true" box="[795,845,1801,1825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">m1b</emphasis>
|
||||
) composed of three pairs of narrow jugal muscles, functioning as dorsal protractor muscles, relatively flattened, originating on latero-dorsal surface of mouth, extending postero-dorsally, inserting into dorso-lateral outer wall of buccal mass;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD2B2261413F8A2A9CFF890" bold="true" box="[1396,1447,1870,1894]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">m4d</emphasis>
|
||||
) absent;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD3B2271372FA4AAE51FA48" bold="true" box="[533,569,1446,1470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">m3</emphasis>
|
||||
) similar characters but twofold (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD3B22712F3FA4AAFB2FA48" box="[916,986,1446,1470]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
: m3 + m3a), with inner pair (m3a) smaller and thinner;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD3B2271316FA25AECAFA17" bold="true" box="[625,674,1481,1505]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">m10</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD3B22713C9FA25AEB7FA17" bold="true" box="[686,735,1481,1505]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">m11</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD3B227138DFA25AF73FA17" bold="true" box="[746,795,1481,1505]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">m14</emphasis>
|
||||
) pairs of similar features, but much narrower and thinner. Radular teeth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD3B227133EFA00AE99F9F2" box="[601,753,1516,1540]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 4D and 4E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) also similar, differences as follows:
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD3B2271516FA00A8B3F9F2" bold="true" box="[1137,1243,1516,1540]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">rachidian</emphasis>
|
||||
tooth ~30% narrower, terminal cusp curved forwards (instead of inwards);
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD3B2271544F9E2A8C4F9D0" bold="true" box="[1059,1196,1550,1574]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">lateral tooth</emphasis>
|
||||
with sharper pointed tip, straight (instead of undulated);
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD3B2271204F9DDA828F9BF" bold="true" box="[867,1088,1585,1609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">both marginal teeth</emphasis>
|
||||
also similar, straight, with sharper pointed tip. Salivary glands slightly larger (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD3B22712BDF9BFA848F99D" box="[986,1056,1619,1643]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
: sg). Salivary ducts also opening in middle level of dorsal folds, but positioned more laterally, at middle of dorsal fold width (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD3B2271413F99AA9D2F978" box="[1396,1466,1654,1678]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
; sa). Dorsal folds flanking pair of sets of longitudinal folds (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD3B2271531F975A8F2F947" box="[1110,1178,1689,1713]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: ff), ending before anterior esophagus. Anterior esophagus bearing lobes of glandular tissue (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD3B22715A0F957A935F925" box="[1223,1373,1723,1747]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 9A and 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: eg); inner surface with a pair of tall longitudinal folds (extension of dorsal folds of buccal mass) (ef). Middle esophagus with pair of folds (ef) coming from anterior esophagus, running along large esophageal gland aperture (ec); this pair of folds fading before posterior region of esophagus. Stomach large (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD3B22713E4F8AAAEA0F8A8" box="[643,712,1862,1886]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), u-shaped, located about in penultimate whorl of visceral mass (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD3B227141DF8AAA9D7F8A8" box="[1402,1471,1862,1886]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
: st);
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF3797D6FFD3B22711A7FAF3AE30FA82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" targetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD3B22711A7FAF3A95EFABD" blockId="17.[192,1480,1311,1396]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD3B22711A7FAF3AE7AFAC4" bold="true" box="[192,530,1311,1330]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Fig 10.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD3B2271065FAF3ADD2FAC4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[258,442,1311,1330]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD3B2271065FAF3ADD2FAC4" bold="true" box="[258,442,1311,1330]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Macrocypraea cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
anatomy.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD3B22711A7FA8DAE30FA82" blockId="17.[192,1480,1311,1396]" box="[192,600,1377,1396]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF3797D6FFD0B224105FFD4DAA6AFD38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[312,340,673,692]" targetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD0B224105FFD4DAA6AFD38" blockId="18.[312,1538,673,718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B224105FFD4DA817FD42" bold="true" box="[312,1151,673,692]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Fig 11.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD0B224101DFD4DAE5AFD42" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[378,562,673,692]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B224101DFD4DAE5AFD42" bold="true" box="[378,562,673,692]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Macrocypraea cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD0B224105FFD08AEB8FD01" blockId="18.[312,720,740,759]" box="[312,720,740,759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g011</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD0B2241372FCF5A8F5FCA2" blockId="18.[533,1535,793,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
esophagus inserting into its left side with no clear distinction. Mid and hindgut (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD0B224140FFCF5A9C5FCC7" box="[1384,1453,793,817]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) similar to preceding species. Anus narrow, siphoned (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD0B2241546FCD0A80FFCA2" box="[1057,1127,828,852]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
: an).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD0B2241352FCB3AE09FBD2" blockId="18.[533,1535,793,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B2241352FCB3AE88FC81" bold="true" box="[565,736,863,887]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Genital system.</emphasis>
|
||||
Male. Similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD0B22412C3FCB3A85EFC80" box="[932,1078,862,887]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B22412C3FCB3AFD3FC80" box="[932,955,863,886]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B22412AFFCB2A85EFC80" box="[968,1078,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, except for: branch of testis at left of seminal vesicle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD0B22413F7FC6DAE8BFC6F" box="[656,739,897,921]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
: inferior ts); Seminal vesicle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD0B224157BFC6DA807FC6F" box="[1052,1135,897,921]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
: sv) coiled in T-fashion, with its left coils slightly broader than the right ones. Opened sperm grove (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD0B22415D1FC48A96EFC4A" box="[1206,1286,932,956]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD0B224145EFC48A90AFC4A" box="[1337,1378,932,956]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">10B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: ps), flanked by relatively thick edges, with left edge narrower and taller than right edge mainly in its posterior region. Penis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD0B22413BCFC05AF42FBF7" box="[731,810,1001,1025]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD0B2241239FC05AFEFFBF7" box="[862,903,1001,1025]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">10B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: pe) slightly broader, lacking penial gland in its middle region.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD0B2241352FBC3AEB0FB27" blockId="18.[533,1535,793,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Female (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD0B22413F6FBC3AEBEFBB1" box="[657,726,1071,1095]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Features similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD0B22412D1FBC3A82FFBB0" box="[950,1095,1070,1095]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B22412D1FBC3AFA5FBB0" box="[950,973,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B22412BEFBC2A82FFBB0" box="[985,1095,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Notable features as follows: Visceral oviduct slightly more convolute. Albumen gland of pallial oviduct (ag) ~1/3 of capsule gland width, with similar length. Bursa copulatrix (bc) also balloon-shaped, but narrower and simpler, composed of a single blind-sac structure bent to the right; inner surface bearing 7–8 tall longitudinal folds.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD0B2241352FB30AE93FA11" blockId="18.[533,1535,793,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B2241352FB30AFC6FB02" bold="true" box="[565,942,1244,1268]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Central nervous system (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD0B224122FFB30AFF6FB02" box="[840,926,1244,1268]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig 10C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Cerebral (ce) and pedal (pn) ganglia very close to their counterparts, commissure indistinct. Pair of cerebral ganglia occupying ~1/40 of haemocoel volume. Pleural ganglia (gp) partially fused to cerebral ganglia, with indistinct limits. Supra and suboesophageal ganglia (su) located dorsally, each connected to adjacent cerebral ganglia, size ~1/4 of cerebral ganglion size, bearing connective between them as wide as their own width. Pair of cerebro-pedal and pleuro-pedal connectives relatively symmetrical, long, their length ~twice cerebral ganglia width. Pair of pedal ganglia (pn) ~70% of cerebral ganglia size, almost spherical.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD0B2241352FA1DA824F9DA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD0B2241352FA1DA844F9FF" blockId="18.[533,1535,793,1892]" box="[565,1068,1521,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B2241352FA1DAEA0F9FF" bold="true" box="[565,712,1521,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
South Florida to north of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD0B224128BFA1DA840F9FF" box="[1004,1064,1521,1545]" name="Cuba" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD0B2241352F9F8A824F9DA" blockId="18.[533,1535,793,1892]" box="[565,1100,1556,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B2241352F9F8AEFAF9DA" bold="true" box="[565,658,1556,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Rocks and corals, subtidal,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD0B22412A1F9F8A87DF9DA" box="[966,1045,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="26.5" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="0.0">0–53 m</quantity>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD0B2241543F9F8A855F9DA" author="Rosenberg G & Moretzsohn F & Garcia EF" box="[1060,1085,1556,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref14742" refString="18. Rosenberg G, Moretzsohn F, Garcia EF. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579 - 699. In: Felder DL, Camp DK (eds.). Gulf of Mexico - Origins, Waters, and Biota. Texas A & M Press, College Station, Texas; 2009." type="book" year="2009">18</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD0B2251352F9DBA894FEFC" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD0B2251352F9DBA894FEFC" blockId="18.[533,1535,793,1892]" lastBlockId="19.[533,1533,208,717]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B2241352F9DBAF65F9B9" bold="true" box="[565,781,1591,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD0B2241245F9DBAF81F962" collectionCode="MZSP, ANSP" country="United States of America" location="Marathon" municipality="Keys" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="MZSP 121238, 1, MZSP 121239, MZSP121240, ANSP 93276" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD0B2241245F9DBAF30F9B9" box="[802,856,1591,1615]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B2241207F9DBAFD9F9B9" bold="true" box="[864,945,1591,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD0B2241207F9DBAFD9F9B9" box="[864,945,1591,1615]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
; Florida
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B935D24FFD0B2241577F9DBA82DF9B9" box="[1040,1093,1591,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Keys</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
, off
|
||||
<location id="8E979185FFD0B2241515F9DBA8B5F9B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E17648FFCCB2251372FCAFA903FD3B:8E979185FFD0B2241515F9DBA8B5F9B9" box="[1138,1245,1591,1615]" country="United States of America" municipality="Keys" name="Marathon" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Florida">Marathon</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD0B224158CF9DBA930F9B9" box="[1259,1368,1591,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E. Malone</collectorName>
|
||||
col., 1970),
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B2241372F9B5AEC5F987" box="[533,685,1625,1649]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">MZSP 121238</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B22413D0F9B5AEACF987" box="[695,708,1625,1649]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
|
||||
shell,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B2241262F9B5AFF4F987" box="[773,924,1625,1649]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">MZSP 121239</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B22412C1F9B5AFDBF987" box="[934,947,1625,1649]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
|
||||
shell,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B2241292F9B5A8EEF987" box="[1013,1158,1625,1649]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">MZSP121240</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B22415F7F9B5A8F5F987" box="[1168,1181,1625,1649]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
|
||||
shell (ex.
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD0B2241462F9B5A927F987" box="[1285,1359,1625,1649]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colella</collectorName>
|
||||
collection), SE point of
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD0B2241308F990AE92F962" box="[623,762,1660,1684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Big Pine Key</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B2241264F990AFE2F962" box="[771,906,1660,1684]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ANSP 93276</specimenCode>
|
||||
(A6307)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD0B2241294F990A8C0F941" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="H. A. Pilsbry & C. B. Moore" country="United States of America" location="Bahia Hondo Key" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="ANSP 216746" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D4E0CD7FFD0B2241294F990A866F965" box="[1011,1038,1659,1684]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD0B224157BF990A8C8F962" box="[1052,1184,1660,1684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H.A. Pilsbry</collectorName>
|
||||
col., 1907, ex
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD0B2241454F990A9DAF962" box="[1331,1458,1660,1684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C.B. Moore</collectorName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<location id="8E979185FFD0B22414A4F990AEFBF941" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E17648FFCCB2251372FCAFA903FD3B:8E979185FFD0B22414A4F990AEFBF941" country="United States of America" name="Bahia Hondo Key" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bahia Hondo Key</location>
|
||||
, 24˚40’04”N 81˚15’55”W,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B22412CEF973A855F941" box="[937,1085,1695,1719]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ANSP 216746</specimenCode>
|
||||
(A15658)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D4E0CD7FFD0B22415D5F973A8BAF940" box="[1202,1234,1694,1719]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
(A.J. Ostheimer col.,
|
||||
<date id="FFF6E19EFFD0B22414D2F973AE0DF92F" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1958-06-02">2. vi.1958</date>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD0B2241311F92DA958F90A" collectingDate="2004-08-05" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="Simone" country="United States of America" location="Wabasso" municipality="Indian River" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="MZSP 46866, 1" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B935D24FFD0B2241311F92DAE96F92F" box="[630,766,1729,1753]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Indian River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
, off
|
||||
<location id="8E979185FFD0B224124CF92DAFE4F92F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E17648FFCCB2251372FCAFA903FD3B:8E979185FFD0B224124CF92DAFE4F92F" box="[811,908,1729,1753]" country="United States of America" municipality="Indian River" name="Wabasso" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Wabasso</location>
|
||||
, sand flat north of rest area on causeway state route 512, 27˚45.943’N, 80˚25.257’W,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B224125FF908AFACF90A" box="[824,964,1764,1788]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">MZSP 46866</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B22412AAF908AFB2F90A" box="[973,986,1764,1788]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
|
||||
shell (
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD0B224157AF908A818F90A" box="[1053,1136,1764,1788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Simone</collectorName>
|
||||
col.,
|
||||
<date id="FFF6E19EFFD0B22415C0F908A941F90A" box="[1191,1321,1764,1788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2004-08-05">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFB21876FFD0B22415C0F908A941F90A" box="[1191,1321,1764,1788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2004-08-05">5/VIII/2004</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD0B224145CF908A9B7F8E9" collectingDate="2002-07-22" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="Simone" country="United States of America" location="Keys" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="MZSP 36106" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||||
<location id="8E979185FFD0B224145CF908A918F90A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E17648FFCCB2251372FCAFA903FD3B:8E979185FFD0B224145CF908A918F90A" box="[1339,1392,1764,1788]" country="United States of America" name="Keys" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Keys</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="9A45DE7CFFD0B224141EF908AE8AF8E9" location="Keys Marine Laboratory" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N of Keys Marine Laboratory</locationDeviation>
|
||||
, 24˚49.78’N 80˚48.51’W,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B2241288F8EBA812F8E9" box="[1007,1146,1799,1823]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">MZSP 36106</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D4E0CD7FFD0B22415E3F8EBA8CAF8E8" box="[1156,1186,1798,1823]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D4E0CD7FFD0B22415C8F8EBA8A2F8E8" box="[1199,1226,1798,1823]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD0B22415B0F8EBA942F8E9" box="[1239,1322,1799,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Simone</collectorName>
|
||||
col.,
|
||||
<date id="FFF6E19EFFD0B2241406F8EBA9B0F8E9" box="[1377,1496,1799,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2002-07-22">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFB21876FFD0B2241406F8EBA9B0F8E9" box="[1377,1496,1799,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2002-07-22">22.vii.2002</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD0B2241372F8C5AF92F892" collectingDate="2000-06" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="Femorale" country="Cuba" elevation="3" location="Cienfuegos Province" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="MZSP 115362, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cienfuegos">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD0B2241372F8C5AE37F8B7" box="[533,607,1833,1857]" name="Cuba" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CUBA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD0B224130FF8C5AF23F8B7" box="[616,843,1833,1857]" country="Cuba" name="Cienfuegos" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD0B224130FF8C5AE8CF8B7" bold="true" box="[616,740,1833,1857]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cienfuegos</emphasis>
|
||||
Province
|
||||
</collectingRegion>
|
||||
; off Cienfuegos city, 2–4 m,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B2241511F8C5A965F8B7" box="[1142,1293,1833,1857]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">MZSP 115362</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B2241470F8C5A94CF8B7" box="[1303,1316,1833,1857]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
|
||||
shell (under dead corals, local people col.,
|
||||
<date id="FFF6E19EFFD0B2241273F8A0AF0BF892" box="[788,867,1868,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2000-06">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFB21876FFD0B2241273F8A0AF0BF892" box="[788,867,1868,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2000-06">vi.2000</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, ex
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD0B22412EDF8A0AF9BF892" box="[906,1011,1868,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Femorale</collectorName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD0B2251564F8A0AE98FF1E" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="Sowerby" country="Mexico" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" location="Gulf" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="MZSP 8149, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mexico">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD0B2241564F8A0A805F892" box="[1027,1133,1868,1892]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<location id="8E979185FFD0B2241511F8A0A8CDF892" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E17648FFCCB2251372FCAFA903FD3B:8E979185FFD0B2241511F8A0A8CDF892" box="[1142,1189,1868,1892]" country="Mexico" name="Gulf" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Mexico">Gulf</location>
|
||||
of Mexico,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B2241446F8A0A9C8F892" box="[1313,1440,1868,1892]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">MZSP 8149</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD0B22414CEF8A0A9DEF892" box="[1449,1462,1868,1892]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
|
||||
shell (
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD1B225137BFF3CAE11FF1E" box="[540,633,208,232]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sowerby</collectorName>
|
||||
col., 1896)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD1B225139FFF3CA890FEFC" collectingDate="1982-02-01" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="B. Cook" country="Costa Rica" county="Western Coast" location="Hotel Rocky Point." municipality="Tamarindo Bay" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="MZSP 131503, 1" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD1B225139FFF3CAFFCFF1E" box="[760,916,208,232]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="6296BFD2FFD1B22512FAFF3CA853FF1E" box="[925,1083,208,232]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Western Coast</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B935D24FFD1B2251522FF3CA885FF1E" box="[1093,1261,208,232]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tamarindo Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
, left of
|
||||
<location id="8E979185FFD1B225145EFF3CAE3EFEFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E17648FFCCB2251372FCAFA903FD3B:8E979185FFD1B225145EFF3CAE3EFEFC" country="Costa Rica" county="Western Coast" municipality="Tamarindo Bay" name="Hotel Rocky Point." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hotel Rocky Point.</location>
|
||||
17˚N, 85˚20’W,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD1B2251260FF1EAFF7FEFC" box="[775,927,242,266]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">MZSP 131503</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD1B22512CFFF1EAFDDFEFC" box="[936,949,242,266]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
|
||||
shell (
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD1B225129EFF1EA827FEFC" box="[1017,1103,242,266]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B. Cook</collectorName>
|
||||
coll.,
|
||||
<date id="FFF6E19EFFD1B22515EAFF1EA898FEFC" box="[1165,1264,242,266]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1982-02-01">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFB21876FFD1B22515EAFF1EA898FEFC" box="[1165,1264,242,266]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1982-02-01">1/ii/1982</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FEF9A925FE84" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FEF9A925FE84" blockId="19.[533,1533,208,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FEF9A845FEDB" bold="true" box="[565,1069,277,301]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Measurements (height, length, width in mm).</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED595F9BFFD1B2251525FEF9A8EDFEDB" box="[1090,1157,277,301]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||||
8149: 64.1 by 136.3 by 80.0;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED595F9BFFD1B22514D6FEF9A99CFEDB" box="[1457,1524,277,301]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||||
46866: 36.5 by 71.4 by 41.0;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED595F9BFFD1B225125CFED4AF16FEA6" box="[827,894,312,336]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||||
115362: 44.2 by 92.2 by 55.5;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED595F9BFFD1B22515D0FED4A892FEA6" box="[1207,1274,312,336]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||||
121238: 47.7 by 98.5 by 57.2;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED595F9BFFD1B225132AFEB6AEF8FE84" box="[589,656,346,370]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||||
121239: 44.2 by 95.5 by 55.4;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED595F9BFFD1B22512AEFEB6A864FE84" box="[969,1036,346,370]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||||
121240: 55.7 by 116.2 by 67.7.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FE91A903FD3B" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FE91A903FD3B" blockId="19.[533,1533,208,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FE91AEF6FE63" bold="true" box="[565,670,381,405]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B22513D4FE92AFE7FE63" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[691,911,382,405]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B22513D4FE92AFE7FE63" box="[691,911,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Macrocypraea cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also has some anatomical exclusivities that have been explored in the present comparative description. Some are particularly interesting, e.g., the slender, small, and more numerous papillae of the mantle lobes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22515A5FE2EA933FE2C" box="[1218,1371,450,474]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 8C and 8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
: mp), the thick hypobranchial gland (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251398FE09AF2CFE0B" box="[767,836,485,509]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
: hg) reinforced by wide transverse septa, and the very narrow osphradium branches (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B225126BFDE4AF39FDD6" box="[780,849,520,544]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
: os). The wide renal tissue clearly organized in radial folds (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22514ADFDE4AE29FDB4" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
: ki), the two-folded odontophore pairs m3 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251573FDC6A833FDB4" box="[1044,1115,554,578]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
: m3, m3a), the clear, bulging glandular region of the anterior esophagus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B225121CFDA1A879FD93" box="[891,1041,589,613]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 9A and 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: eg), the strong asymmetry of pallial spermoduct edges (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22513F3FD9CAE8CFD7E" box="[660,740,624,648]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 10B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: ps), mainly in its posterior region, the clear distinction of width between the albumen and capsule glands in the pallial oviduct (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251533FD7EA8F2FD5C" box="[1108,1178,658,682]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
: ag, cg), and the bursa copulatrix comprised of a simple, bent sac (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251208FD59AFDCFD3B" box="[879,948,693,717]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
: bc) are also noteworthy exceptionalities.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
932
data/03/E1/76/03E17648FFD1B2211372F979A831FA3E.xml
Normal file
932
data/03/E1/76/03E17648FFD1B2211372F979A831FA3E.xml
Normal file
|
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@ -0,0 +1,932 @@
|
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<mods:date id="30FE511B2D9842C8F5B811B1E485D19D">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="0A36F2C3F5F51981DA5B7FC2D145011A">e 0225963</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="552E4DC3B1556A307E4398FFFBA75E0A">2020-01-08</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="63780E2887A3D2B2F995C4CA76CA949D" type="Zenodo-Dep">12630957</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E17648FFD1B2211372F979A831FA3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13326716" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E17648FFD1B2211372F979A831FA3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E17648FFD1B2211372F979A831FA3E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
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<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251372F979A86DF947" box="[533,1029,1684,1713]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251372F979A86DF947" blockId="19.[533,1029,1684,1713]" box="[533,1029,1684,1713]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0BF7032FFD1B2251372F979A86DF947" box="[533,1029,1684,1713]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="8">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B2251372F979A86DF947" ID-CoL="3X4HD" authority="(Linnaeus, 1771)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[533,1029,1684,1713]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251372F979A86DF947" bold="true" box="[533,1029,1684,1713]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251372F979AF77F947" bold="true" box="[533,799,1684,1713]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Macrocypraea zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus, 1771)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251372F92AAFF9F8F7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251372F92AAEF6F928" blockId="19.[533,1533,1734,1897]" box="[533,670,1734,1758]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251372F92AAEF6F928" box="[533,670,1734,1758]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 12G–12L</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352F905AFF9F8F7" blockId="19.[533,1533,1734,1897]" box="[565,913,1769,1793]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
Synonymy see [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22513BBF905AE81F8F7" author="Simone LRL" box="[732,745,1769,1793]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. Complement:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2221352F8E0A8C5FF1E" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352F8E0AF06F89F" blockId="19.[533,1533,1734,1897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B2251352F8E0AF61F8D5" ID-CoL="3X4HD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[565,777,1803,1827]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352F8E0AF61F8D5" box="[565,777,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Macrocypraea zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Meyer, 2003[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22512C6F8E7AFD2F8D5" author="Meyer CP" box="[929,954,1803,1827]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="401 - 459" refId="ref14657" refString="16. Meyer CP. Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the tropics. Biol J Linn Soc. 2003; 79: 401 - 459." type="journal article" year="2003">16</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 411; Simone, 2004[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22515FDF8E7A8CFF8D5" author="Simone LRL" box="[1178,1191,1803,1827]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 35,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251586F8E7A952F8D5" box="[1249,1338,1803,1827]" captionStart-0="Fig 1" captionStart-1="Fig 2" captionStart-2="Fig 3" captionStart-3="Fig 4" captionStartId-0="1.[533,561,1101,1120]" captionStartId-1="5.[349,377,203,222]" captionStartId-2="6.[115,143,1716,1735]" captionStartId-3="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox-0="[533,1301,208,1080]" captionTargetBox-2="[115,1536,208,1694]" captionTargetBox-3="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId-0="figure-318@1.[533,1301,208,1080]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@4.[349,1535,208,1886]" captionTargetId-2="figure-3@6.[115,1536,208,1694]" captionTargetId-3="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="Fig 1. Schematic map of Americas showing approximate extension of the four studied species, color as indicated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g001" captionText-1="Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed." captionText-2="Fig 3. Macrocypraea spp shells and in situ. (A-D) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 108077 (L 95.8 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view.(C) Right view. (D) Left view. E) M. mammoth MZSP 108079 subadult specimen (L 80.4 mm), dorsal view. (F) Same, apertural view. (G) M. cervus MZSP 8149, from Mexico (L 152.9 mm), Apertural view. (H) Same, dorsal view. (I-K) M. cervus ANSP 93276, from Florida (L 129.4 mm). (I) Apertural view. (J) Dorsal view (broken). (K) Same, specimen and dorsal shell wall removed. (L) Alive paratypes in situ.; (M) Alive holotype in situ. (N-P) M. cervus, MZSP 115362, from Cuba (L 98.5 mm). (N) Apertural view. (O) Dorsal view. (P) Right view. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g003" captionText-3="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630959" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326568" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630961" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12630959/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13326568/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12630961/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
|
||||
, 70, 116–143; Soriano, 2006[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22513EBF8C2AECDF8B0" author="Guevara-Fletcher CE & Kintz JRC & Mejia-Ladino LM & Cortes FA" box="[652,677,1838,1862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref14691" refString="17. Guevara-Fletcher CE, Kintz JRC, Mejia-Ladino LM, Cortes FA. Benthic macrofauna associated with submerged bottoms of a tectonic estuary in Tropical Eastern Pacific. J Marine Biol. 2011; 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2011 / 193759" type="book chapter" year="2011">17</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 49, Table 3; Rosenberg et al, 2009[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251544F8C2A854F8B0" author="Rosenberg G & Moretzsohn F & Garcia EF" box="[1059,1084,1838,1862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14742" refString="18. Rosenberg G, Moretzsohn F, Garcia EF. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579 - 699. In: Felder DL, Camp DK (eds.). Gulf of Mexico - Origins, Waters, and Biota. Texas A & M Press, College Station, Texas; 2009." type="book" year="2009">18</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 636; Rios, 2009[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225159EF8C2A97AF8B0" author="Rios EC" box="[1273,1298,1838,1862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14617" refString="14. Rios EC. Compendium of Brazilian Sea Shells. Rio Grande, Evangraf; 2009." type="book" year="2009">14</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 132, text figure. Lorenz, 2017[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22513CFF8BDAEDDF89F" author="Lorenz F." box="[680,693,1873,1897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14129" refString="2. Lorenz F. Cowries - A Guide to the Gastropod Family Cypraeidae. Vol. 1 - Biology and Systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 644 pp; 2017." type="book" year="2017">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 288, text figure.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD6B2221352FF3CA8C5FF1E" blockId="20.[533,1534,207,1168]" box="[565,1197,207,232]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B2221352FF3CAF20FF11" ID-CoL="3X4HD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[565,840,207,231]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="zebra" subSpecies="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221352FF3CAF20FF11" box="[565,840,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Macrocypraea zebra zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Lorenz, 2017[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD6B2221280FF3CAF9CFF1E" author="Lorenz F." box="[999,1012,208,232]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref14129" refString="2. Lorenz F. Cowries - A Guide to the Gastropod Family Cypraeidae. Vol. 1 - Biology and Systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 644 pp; 2017." type="book" year="2017">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
], 288, text figure.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD6B2221352FF1FA8BCFEFC" box="[565,1236,242,266]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD6B2221352FF1FA8BCFEFC" blockId="20.[533,1534,207,1168]" box="[565,1236,242,266]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B2221352FF1FAF07FEFC" baseAuthorityName="F. A. Schilder" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[565,879,242,266]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="zebra" subSpecies="dissimilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221352FF1FAF07FEFC" box="[565,879,242,266]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Macrocypraea zebra dissimilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Lorenz, 2017[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD6B2221569FF1EA873FEFC" author="Lorenz F." box="[1038,1051,242,266]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref14129" refString="2. Lorenz F. Cowries - A Guide to the Gastropod Family Cypraeidae. Vol. 1 - Biology and Systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 644 pp; 2017." type="book" year="2017">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 289, text figure.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD6B2221352FEF9A8EBFEA6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD6B2221352FEF9A823FEDB" blockId="20.[533,1534,207,1168]" box="[565,1099,277,301]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221352FEF9AEA0FEDB" bold="true" box="[565,712,277,301]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
North Carolina to southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD6B2221560FEF9A820FEDB" box="[1031,1096,277,301]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD6B2221352FED4A8EBFEA6" blockId="20.[533,1534,207,1168]" box="[565,1155,312,336]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221352FED4AEFAFEA6" bold="true" box="[565,658,312,336]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Rocks and corals, subtidal,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD6B22212A1FED4A87DFEA6" box="[966,1045,312,336]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="18.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="0.0">0–37 m</quantity>
|
||||
depth [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD6B2221500FED4A81CFEA6" author="Simone LRL" box="[1127,1140,312,336]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD6B2221352FEB6AED7FD7E" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD6B2221352FEB6AED7FD7E" blockId="20.[533,1534,207,1168]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221352FEB6AF65FE84" bold="true" box="[565,781,346,370]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD6B2221245FEB6A9F1FE63" collectorName="Specimens & Simone" country="Dominican Republic" location="Puerto Plata Province" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puerto Plata">
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD6B2221245FEB6AFFBFE84" box="[802,915,346,370]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Specimens</collectorName>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B22212D3FEB7A8E0FE84" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[948,1160,346,370]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22212D3FEB7A8E0FE84" box="[948,1160,346,370]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Macrocypraea zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
listed in
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD6B222158FFEB6A951FE84" box="[1256,1337,346,370]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Simone</collectorName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD6B222142FFEB6A93DFE84" author="Simone LRL" box="[1352,1365,346,370]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
], with the addition of the following:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD6B222139EFE91A871FE63" box="[761,1049,381,405]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">DOMINICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD6B2221545FE91A963FE63" box="[1058,1291,381,405]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Puerto Plata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Puerto Plata Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
; Puerto Plata
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD6B22214C4FE91A9F4FE4E" collectingDate="2011-11" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Haiti" elevation="3" location="Nippes Department" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="MZSP 115363, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nippes">
|
||||
<elevation id="0065206DFFD6B22214C4FE91AE3AFE4E" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD6B22214C4FE91A98EFE63" box="[1443,1510,381,405]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 m</quantity>
|
||||
depth
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B222133FFE4CAE98FE4E" box="[600,752,416,440]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">MZSP 115363</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B222139DFE4CAF6FFE4E" box="[762,775,416,440]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
|
||||
shell (local people coll.,
|
||||
<date id="FFF6E19EFFD6B2221560FE4CA809FE4E" box="[1031,1121,416,440]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2011-11">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFB21876FFD6B2221560FE4CA809FE4E" box="[1031,1121,416,440]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2011-11">XI/2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD6B2221516FE4CA8D5FE4E" box="[1137,1213,416,440]" name="Haiti" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HAITI</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD6B22215A0FE4CA9F4FE4E" box="[1223,1436,416,440]" country="Haiti" name="Nippes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Nippes Department</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD6B22214C2FE4CA9CDFE2C" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="Veau Commune" country="Brazil" location="Bahia State" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="MZSP 115364, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD6B2221372FE2EAEA0FE2C" box="[533,712,450,474]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anse-àVeau Commune</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B22213B6FE2EAF01FE2C" box="[721,873,450,474]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">MZSP 115364</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B2221214FE2EAFE8FE2C" box="[883,896,450,474]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
|
||||
shell (local people coll., 1986).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD6B22215A0FE2EA94CFE2C" box="[1223,1316,450,474]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD6B222144AFE2EA9CDFE2C" box="[1325,1445,450,474]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD6B22214C9FE2EAEF6FDD6" collectingDate="2004-07" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="Alcobaca & A. Bordart" country="Brazil" elevation="23" location="Rio de Janeiro State" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="MZSP 72653, 20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
|
||||
reefs off
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD6B222135FFE09AEF4FE0B" box="[568,668,485,509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Alcobaça</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<elevation id="0065206DFFD6B22213C1FE09AF2FFE0B" box="[678,839,485,509]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD6B22213C1FE09AF6AFE0B" box="[678,770,485,509]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
|
||||
depth
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B2221236FE09AFB4FE0B" box="[849,988,485,509]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">MZSP 72653</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B2221282FE09AF96FE0B" box="[997,1022,485,509]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">20</specimenCode>
|
||||
shells (
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD6B222152BFE09A8D5FE0B" box="[1100,1213,485,509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. Bordart</collectorName>
|
||||
coll.,
|
||||
<date id="FFF6E19EFFD6B222159CFE09A908FE0B" box="[1275,1376,485,509]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2004-07">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFB21876FFD6B222159CFE09A908FE0B" box="[1275,1376,485,509]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2004-07">VII/2004</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD6B2221416FE09AEF6FDD6" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rio de Janeiro State</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD6B22213C0FDE4AEE6FDB4" collectingDate="2003-12" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="P. Goncalves" country="Brazil" elevation="2" location="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="MZSP 73553, 8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
|
||||
<location id="8E979185FFD6B22213C0FDE4AF3CFDD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E17648FFD1B2211372F979A831FA3E:8E979185FFD6B22213C0FDE4AF3CFDD6" box="[679,852,520,544]" country="Brazil" name="Arraial do Cabo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Arraial do Cabo</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD6B2221239FDE4AFCBFDD6" box="[862,931,520,544]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="0065206DFFD6B2221239FDE4AFCBFDD6" box="[862,931,520,544]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B22212CBFDE4A850FDD6" box="[940,1080,520,544]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">MZSP 73553</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B2221526FDE4A826FDD6" box="[1089,1102,520,544]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">8</specimenCode>
|
||||
shells (
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD6B22215FBFDE4A94DFDD6" box="[1180,1317,520,544]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. Gonçalves</collectorName>
|
||||
coll.,
|
||||
<date id="FFF6E19EFFD6B2221405FDE4A9AFFDD6" box="[1378,1479,520,544]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2003-12">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFB21876FFD6B2221405FDE4A9AFFDD6" box="[1378,1479,520,544]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2003-12">XII/2003</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD6B22214B0FDE4AEE6FDB4" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD6B22213F0FDC6AF3BFD93" collectingDate="1968-07" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="Ilhabela & J. Colella" country="Brazil" location="Santa Catarina State" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="MZSP 121109, 20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD6B22213F0FDC6AE85FDB4" box="[663,749,554,578]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ilhabela</collectorName>
|
||||
, 23˚46’S, 45˚21’W,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B22212DCFDC6A83BFDB4" box="[955,1107,554,578]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">MZSP 121109</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B222153AFDC6A81EFDB4" box="[1117,1142,554,578]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">20</specimenCode>
|
||||
shells (
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD6B22215A3FDC6A94BFDB4" box="[1220,1315,554,578]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">J. Colella</collectorName>
|
||||
coll.,
|
||||
<date id="FFF6E19EFFD6B2221406FDC6A9ADFDB4" box="[1377,1477,554,578]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1968-07">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFB21876FFD6B2221406FDC6A9ADFDB4" box="[1377,1477,554,578]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1968-07">VII/1968</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD6B2221372FDA1AE1AFD93" box="[533,626,589,613]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD6B222131CFDA1AF3BFD93" box="[635,851,589,613]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Santa Catarina State</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B20CD03FFD6B222123BFDA1AED3FD7E" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="De Fiore" country="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="MZSP 38946, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
|
||||
precise locality unknown,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B2221515FDA1A895FD93" box="[1138,1277,589,613]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">MZSP 38946</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBEE6F25FFD6B2221460FDA1A97CFD93" box="[1287,1300,589,613]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
|
||||
shell (
|
||||
<collectorName id="26BDA288FFD6B2221430FDA1A9DDFD93" box="[1367,1461,589,613]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">De Fiore</collectorName>
|
||||
coll., date unknown)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD6B2221352FD7EAF08FD3B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD6B2221352FD7EA9F6FD5C" blockId="20.[533,1534,207,1168]" box="[565,1438,658,684]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221352FD7EA979FD5C" bold="true" box="[565,1297,658,684]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Measurements (mean values ± standard deviation, in mm; n = 50).</emphasis>
|
||||
H = 26 ± 7,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD6B2221372FD59AF08FD3B" blockId="20.[533,1534,207,1168]" box="[533,864,693,717]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">L = 64.5 ± 16.9, W = 33.7 ± 8.7.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD6B2211352FD34A831FA3E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD6B2221352FD34A843FB66" blockId="20.[533,1534,207,1168]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221352FD34AEF6FD06" bold="true" box="[565,670,728,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||||
Based on the specimens analyzed by Simone [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD6B22215F0FD34A8CCFD06" author="Simone LRL" box="[1175,1188,728,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] and in the present samples, there are no significant anatomical or conchological differences between individuals of the Caribbean (i.e.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B22213DAFCF1AF30FCC3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[701,856,797,821]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="zebra" subSpecies="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22213DAFCF1AEBCFCC2" box="[701,724,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221386FCF1AF30FCC3" box="[737,856,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">zebra zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and Brazilian (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B2221563FCF1A8AEFCC3" baseAuthorityName="F. A. Schilder" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1028,1222,797,821]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="zebra" subSpecies="dissimilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221563FCF1A873FCC2" box="[1028,1051,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221540FCF1A8AEFCC3" box="[1063,1222,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">zebra dissimilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) populations. As such, there are not enough characters to distinguish these subspecies other than the supposed range gap. Lorenz [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD6B2221308FC8EAE14FC8C" author="Lorenz F." box="[623,636,866,890]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref14129" refString="2. Lorenz F. Cowries - A Guide to the Gastropod Family Cypraeidae. Vol. 1 - Biology and Systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 644 pp; 2017." type="book" year="2017">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] mentioned that the division is corroborated by molecular data, bud did not mention any reference or study in progress and provided no additional evidence to endorse the separation. In our understanding, these subspecies must remain invalid until further evidence is presented. The anterior pair of projections franking canal is slightly longer than that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B22214A1FC27AE14FBF2" baseAuthorityName="Kiener" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22214A1FC27A9B5FC14" box="[1478,1501,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221372FC01AE14FBF2" box="[533,636,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">cervinetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but shorter than that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B22212E3FC01A87EFBF3" box="[900,1046,1005,1029]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22212E3FC01AFF3FBF2" box="[900,923,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22212CFFC01A87EFBF3" box="[936,1046,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, about 1/10 of shell length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD6B222145CFC01A98EFBF3" box="[1339,1510,1005,1029]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig 12G and 12I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The inner lip slope has fewer and shorter teeth than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B222155AFBFCA8A6FBD1" box="[1085,1230,1039,1064]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B222155AFBFCA83CFBD1" box="[1085,1108,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221507FBE3A8A6FBD1" box="[1120,1230,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD6B22215BBFBFCA947FBDE" box="[1244,1327,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig 12K</figureCitation>
|
||||
), disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal shell axis; those teeth from anterior concave region are interrupted at middle, with weak ventral nodes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD6B2221285FBB9A85DFB9B" box="[994,1077,1109,1133]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig 12K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The left edge of canal is more uniform and arched, oblique positioned (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD6B222120AFB94A873FB66" box="[877,1051,1144,1168]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig 12K and 12L</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD6B2221372FB3FAED7FB19" blockId="20.[533,703,1235,1261]" box="[533,703,1235,1263]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221372FB3FAED7FB19" bold="true" box="[533,703,1235,1263]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD6B2221372FAE8AFB4F89F" blockId="20.[533,1536,1284,1897]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
Individuals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B22213C9FAE8AFDFFAED" box="[686,951,1283,1307]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22213C9FAE8AFDFFAED" box="[686,951,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Macrocypraea mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been reported from Trindade and referred to as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B2221372FACBAE19FAC8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[533,625,1318,1342]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221372FACBAE44FAC8" box="[533,556,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B222135FFACAAE19FAC8" box="[568,625,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or its older combination
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B2221218FACAA87DFAC8" box="[895,1045,1318,1342]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221218FACAA87DFAC8" box="[895,1045,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cypraea zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the literature and museum collections for quite a long time. Even so, most of the specimens deposited in museum collections consist of fragmentary and empty shells. The oldest lots, which are deposited in the Museu Nacional do
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD6B2221372FA62AEC5FA50" box="[533,685,1422,1446]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED595F9BFFD6B22213DDFA62AF6CFA50" box="[698,772,1422,1446]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
), date back to 1916. Leal [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD6B2221573FA62A845FA50" author="Leal JH" box="[1044,1069,1422,1446]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref14590" refString="13. Leal JH. Marine prosobranch gastropods from oceanic islands off Brazil: species composition and biogeography. Oegstgeest: Universal Book Services; 1991." type="book" year="1991">13</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] had already pointed out the large size of this species as distinctive from the continental specimens, regarding it as conspicuous and abundant among beach drift in Trindade. By the time Leal reported his findings, however, no other specimens had been collected in the island since 1976, raising the possibility of extinction. The lack of living specimens and the fact that most of the recovered shells were badly damaged did nothing but reinforce this suspicion. Still, the live individuals collected in the latest samplings nearly a hundred years since the first shells were found at Trindade dismissed this suspicion. They also revealed crucial anatomical information that further distinguished the newly introduced
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B222139AF948AFE6F94D" box="[765,910,1699,1723]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B222139AF948AF7CF94D" box="[765,788,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B2221247F94FAFE6F94D" box="[800,910,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from its ally species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B222150AF948A8A1F94D" box="[1133,1225,1699,1723]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B222150AF948A8ECF94D" box="[1133,1156,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22215F7F94FA8A1F94D" box="[1168,1225,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Some of the samples studied herein with precise collection data were obtained during the daytime, since nocturnal diving in the region is forbidden by the Brazilian maritime authority. It is widely known that related species such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B22213D0F8E0AF7BF8D5" box="[695,787,1803,1827]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22213D0F8E0AEA6F8D5" box="[695,718,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22213BDF8E7AF7BF8D5" box="[730,787,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are mostly active during the night [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD6B22215EAF8E7A8CEF8D5" author="Crovo ME" box="[1165,1190,1803,1827]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="292 - 295" refId="ref15209" refString="27. Crovo ME. Cypraea cervus and Cypraea zebra in Florida - One species or two? Veliger. 1971; 13 (3): 292 - 295." type="journal article" year="1971">27</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
], and we believe the same could be assumed for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD6B22213DCF8C3AF24F8B0" box="[699,844,1838,1862]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22213DCF8C3AEBAF8B0" box="[699,722,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD6B22213B9F8C2AF24F8B0" box="[734,844,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The lack of nocturnal samplings may thus help explain why live specimens were never collected in the past.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF3797D6FFD7B22311A7FBB3AE30FB11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" targetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD7B22311A7FBB3AEA7FB48" blockId="21.[192,1503,1119,1255]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B22311A7FBB3AE8CFB84" bold="true" box="[192,740,1119,1138]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
Fig 12.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B2231065FBB3AD17FB84" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1930" box="[258,383,1119,1138]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231065FBB3AD17FB84" bold="true" box="[258,383,1119,1138]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Macrocypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(A-F)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B223127BFBB3AFADFB84" authority="MZSP" authorityName="MZSP" box="[796,965,1119,1138]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B223127BFBB3AF47FB87" box="[796,815,1119,1137]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B223125FFBB3AFE2FB87" box="[824,906,1119,1137]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">cervinetta</emphasis>
|
||||
MZSP
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B22314A6FB94AD40FB52" authority="MZSP" authorityName="MZSP" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B22314A6FB94A9BCFB7C" box="[1473,1492,1144,1162]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B22311A7FB7DAC86FB52" box="[192,238,1169,1188]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
MZSP
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD7B22311A7FB38AE30FB11" blockId="21.[192,1503,1119,1255]" box="[192,600,1236,1255]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD7B2201352FAE5A897FEFC" blockId="21.[533,1536,1289,1868]" lastBlockId="22.[533,1536,207,1896]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
Conchologically,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B2231389FAE6AF9FFAD7" box="[750,1015,1289,1313]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231389FAE6AF9FFAD7" box="[750,1015,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Macrocypraea mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is immediately distinguished from the remaining species by its proportionally much heavier shell (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD7B2231526FAC0A894FAB2" box="[1089,1276,1324,1348]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig 4G, 4J and 4K</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with thick walls. From
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B2231372FAA3AE19FA90" box="[533,625,1358,1383]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231372FAA3AE44FA90" box="[533,556,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B223135FFAA2AE19FA90" box="[568,625,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
it differs by its wider and more rounded outline (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD7B2231519FAA3A962FA91" box="[1150,1290,1359,1383]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig 4F and 4J</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and color pattern with proportionally larger beige spots. It differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B223152EFA9EA8C5FA7F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[1097,1197,1393,1417]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B223152EFA9EA808FA7F" box="[1097,1120,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B223150BFA9EA8C5FA7F" box="[1132,1197,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having a slightly more elongated outline, with a more tapered posterior end (both laterally and dorso-ventrally,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD7B22314F6FA78A9B2FA5A" box="[1425,1498,1428,1452]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig 4H</figureCitation>
|
||||
and 4K), fewer teeth on the outer lip, and by a color pattern with larger, less coalescent beige spots, the most basal of which can present a dark brown (ocellated) central area. Moreover,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B22314BBFA36A992FA07" box="[1500,1530,1497,1521]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B22314BBFA36A99BFA07" box="[1500,1523,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231372FA10AEEBF9E2" box="[533,643,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B223126AFA10AFFFF9E5" box="[781,919,1532,1556]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B223126AFA10AF4CF9E5" box="[781,804,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231257FA10AFFFF9E5" box="[816,919,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">cervinetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having a much larger and heavier shell, more inflated outline, more pointed anterior projections flanking the siphon area, and more spaced apertural teeth.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B2231331F9AEAE8FF9AF" box="[598,743,1601,1625]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231331F9AEAE05F9AF" box="[598,621,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B223131EF9ADAE8FF9AF" box="[633,743,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be further told apart from both other Western Atlantic cypraeid species by having a longer tapered posterior end and a more inflated base (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD7B2231462F988A930F98A" box="[1285,1368,1636,1660]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[349,377,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[349,1535,208,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326568/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD7B2231404F988A917F98A" box="[1379,1407,1636,1660]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="6.[115,143,1716,1735]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,208,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[115,1536,208,1694]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 3. Macrocypraea spp shells and in situ. (A-D) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 108077 (L 95.8 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view.(C) Right view. (D) Left view. E) M. mammoth MZSP 108079 subadult specimen (L 80.4 mm), dorsal view. (F) Same, apertural view. (G) M. cervus MZSP 8149, from Mexico (L 152.9 mm), Apertural view. (H) Same, dorsal view. (I-K) M. cervus ANSP 93276, from Florida (L 129.4 mm). (I) Apertural view. (J) Dorsal view (broken). (K) Same, specimen and dorsal shell wall removed. (L) Alive paratypes in situ.; (M) Alive holotype in situ. (N-P) M. cervus, MZSP 115362, from Cuba (L 98.5 mm). (N) Apertural view. (O) Dorsal view. (P) Right view. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630961/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3F</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD7B22314D5F988A9B3F98A" box="[1458,1499,1636,1660]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">4F–</figureCitation>
|
||||
4K). Additionally, the shell of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B2231234F96BAF8CF968" box="[851,996,1670,1695]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231234F96BAF02F968" box="[851,874,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231211F96AAF8CF968" box="[886,996,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a longer anterior and more flattened anterior end than those of the remaining congeners; the anterior, siphonal region actually looks like a pair of small spatulas laterally flanking the siphon, projected anteriorly. The closest looking species regarding this character is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B2231219F903AFB2F8F0" box="[894,986,1774,1799]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231219F903AFFDF8F0" box="[894,917,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B22312C6F902AFB2F8F0" box="[929,986,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but this pair of anterior projections are shorter and the right one is slightly swollen. Differences in the average number of labial teeth between of the Western Atlantic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B2231274F8D9AFC0F8BA" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1930" box="[787,936,1845,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231274F8D9AFC0F8BA" box="[787,936,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Macrocypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
had already been reported, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD7B2231463F8D9A900F8BA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[1284,1384,1844,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231463F8D9A973F8BA" box="[1284,1307,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD7B2231440F8D9A900F8BA" box="[1319,1384,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
showing 15% more teeth on the outer lip than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B220120AFF3CAFA2FF11" box="[877,970,207,232]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220120AFF3CAFECFF11" box="[877,900,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22012F6FF23AFA2FF11" box="[913,970,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B22012BEFF3CAF9AFF1E" author="Crovo ME" box="[985,1010,208,232]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="292 - 295" refId="ref15209" refString="27. Crovo ME. Cypraea cervus and Cypraea zebra in Florida - One species or two? Veliger. 1971; 13 (3): 292 - 295." type="journal article" year="1971">27</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
].
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201560FF3CA8F0FF11" box="[1031,1176,207,232]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201560FF3CA876FF11" box="[1031,1054,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220154DFF23A8F0FF11" box="[1066,1176,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201442FF3CA9E9FF11" box="[1317,1409,207,232]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201442FF3CA954FF11" box="[1317,1340,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220142FFF23A9E9FF11" box="[1352,1409,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in this regard, having an equivalent number of columellar and outer lip teeth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD4B2201352FEFAAED2FDD6" blockId="22.[533,1536,207,1896]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201352FEFAAF61FEDB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[565,777,277,301]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201352FEFAAF61FEDB" box="[565,777,277,301]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Macrocypraea zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was so far the single species of the genus that occurred in Brazilian coast. It has 11 nominal synonyms usually found in literature (e.g., [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B2201584FED4A898FEA6" author="Simone LRL" box="[1251,1264,312,336]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B220159BFED4A97DFEA6" author="Burgess CM" box="[1276,1301,312,336]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref15240" refString="28. Burgess CM. Cowries of the world. Gordon Verhoef publ. Cape. 1985; 289 pp." type="book" year="1985">28</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B2201446FED4A952FEA6" author="Rosenberg G." box="[1313,1338,312,336]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref15261" refString="29. Rosenberg G. Malacolog Version 4.1. 1. 2011. Website http: // www. malacolog. org / index. html (extracted 28. x. 2019)." type="url" year="2011">29</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]), all them described for the North Atlantic and Caribbean. Some synonyms were described without stated locality (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22013D2FE91AF8EFE63" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[693,998,381,405]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dubia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22013D2FE91AF38FE63" box="[693,848,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cypraea dubia</emphasis>
|
||||
Gmelin, 1791
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201297FE91A88DFE63" authority="Roding, 1789" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1789" box="[1008,1253,381,405]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clauca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201297FE91A869FE62" box="[1008,1025,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220156AFE91A838FE63" box="[1037,1104,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">clauca</emphasis>
|
||||
Röding, 1789
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201589FE91AE23FE4E" authority="Schilder, 1924" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1924" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201589FE91A897FE62" box="[1262,1279,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220146CFE91A903FE63" box="[1291,1387,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">dissimilis</emphasis>
|
||||
Schilder, 1924
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), with no indication of they are based on South Atlantic specimens. Those that were figured show more elongated shells that are comparable to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B220150EFE2FA8ADFE2C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[1129,1221,450,474]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220150EFE2FA8E8FE2C" box="[1129,1152,451,474]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22015EBFE2EA8ADFE2C" box="[1164,1221,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, rather than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201429FE2FA9B7FE2C" box="[1358,1503,450,474]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201429FE2FA90DFE2C" box="[1358,1381,451,474]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201416FE2EA9B7FE2C" box="[1393,1503,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Therefore, no synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201257FE0AAFE4FE0B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[816,908,485,509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201257FE0AAF2FFE0B" box="[816,839,486,509]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201234FE09AFE4FE0B" box="[851,908,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be revalidated in order to designate the new species from Trindade.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD4B2201352FDC6AFBFFBBC" blockId="22.[533,1536,207,1896]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
The CT-Scan examination of the four
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22012AFFDC7A8C4FDB4" box="[968,1196,554,578]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22012AFFDC7A835FDB4" box="[968,1117,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Macrocypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B22015DEFDC6A891FDB4" box="[1209,1273,554,578]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201463FDC6A975FDB4" box="[1284,1309,554,578]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">11</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201436FDC6A902FDB4" box="[1361,1386,554,578]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">12</figureCitation>
|
||||
) revealed further shell differences.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B220139BFDA2AFE5FD93" box="[764,909,589,613]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220139BFDA2AF7BFD93" box="[764,787,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201278FDA1AFE5FD93" box="[799,909,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has the thicker shell walls (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B22015CAFDA1A900FD93" box="[1197,1384,589,613]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 4G, 4J and 4K</figureCitation>
|
||||
), which is common in gastropods living in oceanic islands (personal observation), which is possibly an adaptation against the local parrotfishes (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22012A0FD7EA84FFD5C" box="[967,1063,658,682]" family="Scaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The inner slope of the inner lip is particularly informative, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201389FD5AAF17FD3B" box="[750,895,693,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201389FD5AAF6DFD3B" box="[750,773,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201276FD59AF17FD3B" box="[785,895,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has radially, more densely arranged, and longer teeth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B22014A3FD59AE42FD06" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 4J</figureCitation>
|
||||
), while the remaining species have the shell region has shorter and more spaced teeth, arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal shell axis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201506FD16A8D8FCE4" box="[1121,1200,762,786]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 11E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B22015DAFD16A904FCE4" box="[1213,1388,762,786]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 12E and 12K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The density of teeth of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22013E1FCF1AF7FFCC3" box="[646,791,797,821]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22013E1FCF1AEF5FCC2" box="[646,669,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22013CEFCF1AF7FFCC3" box="[681,791,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is only comparable to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201562FCF1A801FCC2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[1029,1129,797,821]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201562FCF1A874FCC2" box="[1029,1052,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220154FFCF1A801FCC2" box="[1064,1129,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B220151FFCF1A8A0FCC3" box="[1144,1224,797,821]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 11E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The anterior concavity preceding the canal is larger in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B220125BFCACAFA6FCA1" box="[828,974,831,856]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220125BFCACAF3BFCA1" box="[828,851,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201207FCD3AFA6FCA1" box="[864,974,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B22012BBFCACA871FCAE" box="[988,1049,832,856]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 4J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) than the remaining species (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201436FCACA988FCAE" box="[1361,1504,832,856]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 11E, 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201372FC8EAEF5FC8C" box="[533,669,866,890]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">12E and 12K</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and has ventral nodes at the end of the teeth, which are absent in the other species. The highly developed inner lip slope is visible in apertural view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201588FC69A9E5FC6B" box="[1263,1421,901,925]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[349,377,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[349,1535,208,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326568/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 2B, 2H, 2J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B22014FEFC69A9DDFC6B" box="[1433,1461,901,925]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="6.[115,143,1716,1735]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,208,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[115,1536,208,1694]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 3. Macrocypraea spp shells and in situ. (A-D) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 108077 (L 95.8 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view.(C) Right view. (D) Left view. E) M. mammoth MZSP 108079 subadult specimen (L 80.4 mm), dorsal view. (F) Same, apertural view. (G) M. cervus MZSP 8149, from Mexico (L 152.9 mm), Apertural view. (H) Same, dorsal view. (I-K) M. cervus ANSP 93276, from Florida (L 129.4 mm). (I) Apertural view. (J) Dorsal view (broken). (K) Same, specimen and dorsal shell wall removed. (L) Alive paratypes in situ.; (M) Alive holotype in situ. (N-P) M. cervus, MZSP 115362, from Cuba (L 98.5 mm). (N) Apertural view. (O) Dorsal view. (P) Right view. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630961/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201372FC44AE58FC36" box="[533,560,936,960]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">4F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), a region that remains hidden in the other species (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201531FC44A8DCFC36" box="[1110,1204,936,960]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 11A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B22015A6FC44A925FC36" box="[1217,1357,936,960]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">12A and 12G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The inner shape of the spire is more spherical in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22012CEFC27A865FC14" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[937,1037,970,994]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22012CEFC27AFA8FC14" box="[937,960,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22012ABFC27A865FC14" box="[972,1037,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B220157BFC26A8A0FC14" box="[1052,1224,970,994]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 11B and 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), while it is elongated in the remaining species (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201386FC01AF36FBF3" box="[737,862,1005,1029]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 4G, 4K</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B220120DFC01A833FBF3" box="[874,1115,1005,1029]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">12B, 12F, 12H and 12L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The left edge of the anal canal usually is thick in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22013E4FBFCAF65FBD1" box="[643,781,1040,1064]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22013E4FBFCAEF2FBD1" box="[643,666,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22013C1FBFCAF65FBD1" box="[678,781,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">cervinetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B220127BFBFCAF19FBDE" box="[796,881,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 12D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22012AEFBFCA832FBD1" box="[969,1114,1039,1064]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22012AEFBFCAF88FBD1" box="[969,992,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220128BFBE3A832FBD1" box="[1004,1114,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B220150EFBFCA8CFFBDE" box="[1129,1191,1040,1064]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 4I</figureCitation>
|
||||
), while it is a narrow fold in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22014B1FBFCAE26FBBC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22014B1FBFCA985FBD1" box="[1494,1517,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201372FBDEAE26FBBC" box="[533,590,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B220133AFBDEAECFFBBC" box="[605,679,1074,1098]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 12J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201267FBDFAF0CFBBC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[768,868,1074,1098]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201267FBDFAF7FFBBC" box="[768,791,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201244FBDFAF0CFBBC" box="[803,868,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201214FBDEAFA0FBBC" box="[883,968,1074,1098]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="18.[312,340,673,692]" captionTargetBox="[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetId="figure-445@18.[312,1536,208,651]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig 11. Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630977/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 11D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD4B2201352FBB9A958FA1C" blockId="22.[533,1536,207,1896]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Regarding the fossil species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201213FBB9A86FFB9A" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1930" box="[884,1031,1109,1132]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201213FBB9A86FFB9A" box="[884,1031,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Macrocypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B2201571FBB9A847FB9B" author="Petuch EJ & Drolshagen M." box="[1046,1071,1109,1133]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref14805" refString="19. Petuch EJ, Drolshagen M. Compendium of Florida fossil shells, vol 1. MdM Publishing. Wellington, Florida, 412 pp; 2011." type="book" year="2011">19</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B220155CFBB9A83CFB9B" author="Petuch EJ" box="[1083,1108,1109,1133]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="96 - 104" refId="ref15296" refString="30. Petuch EJ. New gastropods from the Bermont Formation (middle Pleitocene) of the Everglates Basin. Nautilus. 1990; 104 (3): 96 - 104." type="journal article" year="1990">30</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B2201505FBB9A813FB9B" author="Petuch EJ & Drolshagen M." box="[1122,1147,1109,1133]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref15362" refString="32. Petuch EJ & Drolshagen M. 2011. Compendium of Florida fossil shells. MdM Publ. Liuzhou, 1: 412 pp." type="book" year="2011">32</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22015F7FBB9A977FB9B" box="[1168,1311,1109,1133]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22015F7FBB9A8CFFB9A" box="[1168,1191,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22015D5FBB9A977FB9B" box="[1202,1311,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201337FB94A85FFB66" authority="Perilliat, Avendano & Vega, 2003" authorityName="Perilliat, Avendano & Vega" authorityYear="2003" box="[592,1079,1144,1168]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="veintensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201337FB94AE0FFB79" box="[592,615,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201315FB94AEBEFB79" box="[626,726,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">veintensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Perilliat, Avendano & Vega, 2003
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Eocene,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD4B22015F9FB94A898FB66" box="[1182,1264,1144,1168]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), in having a much larger shell (that species is about
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD4B220124EFB76AF1EFB44" box="[809,886,1178,1202]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||||
), wider aperture, not so rounded outline, slightly more projected anterior region, and fewer apertural teeth. It differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22015C9FB51A9DFFB23" authority="Petuch, 1990" authorityName="Petuch" authorityYear="1990" box="[1198,1463,1213,1237]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spengleri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22015C9FB51A8ADFB22" box="[1198,1221,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22015B6FB51A943FB23" box="[1233,1323,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">spengleri</emphasis>
|
||||
Petuch, 1990
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B22014A3FB51AE4AFB0E" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[245,273,1862,1881]" captionTargetBox="[245,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[245,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head-foot, male, right view. (B) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed. Scales = 10 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630967/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD4B2201332FB0CAE16FB0E" box="[597,638,1248,1272]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="6.0">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201332FB0CAE0AFB0E" box="[597,610,1248,1272]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="10.[267,295,195,214]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[267,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed, radular sac uncoiled downwards. (B) Buccal mass, left view. (C) Visceral mass and posterior part of pallial cavity, ventral view, midgut seen as in situ, kidney opened longitudinally, only topology of gill shown. (D) Odontophore, dorsal view, both cartilages (oc) deflected, left m4 and m5 (right in figure) partially sectioned. Scales = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326570/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
in
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B22013EBFB0CAECDFB0E" author="Petuch EJ & Berschauer DP & Myers RF" box="[652,677,1248,1272]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref15329" refString="31. Petuch EJ, Berschauer DP, Myers RF. Jewels of the Everglades. The fossil cowries of southern California. San Diego Shell Club. 2018; 248 pp." type="book" year="2018">31</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]) and from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201242FB0CA859FB0E" authority="Petuch, 2004" authorityName="Petuch" authorityYear="2004" box="[805,1073,1248,1272]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="joanneae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201242FB0CAF54FB01" box="[805,828,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201220FB0CAFCDFB01" box="[839,933,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">joanneae</emphasis>
|
||||
Petuch, 2004
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B2201559FB0CA8EEFB0E" box="[1086,1158,1248,1272]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Fig
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD4B2201500FB0CA8CAFB0E" box="[1127,1186,1248,1272]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0574" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="8.1">8.1 in</quantity>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B22015D7FB0CA8A1FB0E" author="Petuch EJ & Berschauer DP & Myers RF" box="[1200,1225,1248,1272]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref15329" refString="31. Petuch EJ, Berschauer DP, Myers RF. Jewels of the Everglades. The fossil cowries of southern California. San Diego Shell Club. 2018; 248 pp." type="book" year="2018">31</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]) (both Pleistocene, Florida) in lacking an inflated shell, with widely rounded posterior region, narrower anterior region of the aperture, in having fewer apertural teeth, and by the less truncated anterior region; from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22014BDFACAAE1AFAA9" authorityName="Petuch" authorityYear="2004" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="joanneae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22014BDFACAA999FACB" box="[1498,1521,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201372FAA4AE1AFAA9" box="[533,626,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">joanneae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in particular,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B220126CFAA4AFF2FAA9" box="[779,922,1351,1376]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220126CFAA4AF4AFAA9" box="[779,802,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220124AFAABAFF2FAA9" box="[813,922,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
still differs in having a much more bulged posterior region of the shell, mainly on its left side; and from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201283FA87A809FA74" authorityName="Petuch" authorityYear="1990" box="[996,1121,1386,1410]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spengleri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201283FA87AF93FA74" box="[996,1019,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201560FA86A809FA74" box="[1031,1121,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">spengleri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in particular, in having a narrower aperture, mainly anteriorly. It differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22012B3FA62A968FA53" authority="(Cooke, 1919)" baseAuthorityName="Cooke" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[980,1280,1421,1445]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="anguillana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22012B3FA62AF83FA53" box="[980,1003,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201290FA61A80EFA53" box="[1015,1126,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">anguillana</emphasis>
|
||||
(Cooke, 1919)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Miocene,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD4B2201411FA61A9BAFA53" box="[1398,1490,1421,1445]" name="Anguilla" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Anguilla</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) in being larger (that species is about
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD4B2201211FA5CAFAAFA3E" box="[886,962,1456,1480]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) and having a more visible spire. From
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201407FA5CAE46FA1C" baseAuthorityName="Mansfield" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trinidadensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201407FA5CA91FFA31" box="[1376,1399,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22014E4FA43AE46FA1C" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">trinidadensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L Miocene,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F35F87CEFFD4B22013DFFA3EAF7FFA1C" box="[696,791,1490,1514]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) by the larger size and by the slightly wider outline.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD4B2211352FA19A949FCE4" blockId="22.[533,1536,207,1896]" lastBlockId="23.[533,1536,207,1480]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Anatomically,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22013B7FA1AAF09F9FB" box="[720,865,1525,1549]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22013B7FA1AAE8FF9FB" box="[720,743,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201394FA19AF09F9FB" box="[755,865,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be easily distinguished from the remaining species through the set of characters listed in its diagnosis. Notably, the presence of pallial papillae bearing 3–5 small aligned terminal projections (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B22012E9F9D6AFB9F9A4" box="[910,977,1594,1618]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[245,273,1862,1881]" captionTargetBox="[245,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[245,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head-foot, male, right view. (B) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed. Scales = 10 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630967/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: mp), as opposed to a single terminal projection in the remaining species. Remarkably, the osphradium in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B220153AF9B2A886F983" box="[1117,1262,1629,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220153AF9B2A81CF983" box="[1117,1140,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22015E7F9B1A886F983" box="[1152,1262,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
looks somewhat deformed, with a shortened posterior branch as if it were severed, and an elongated and slightly narrower anterior branch (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B22012E1F94EAFA1F94C" box="[902,969,1698,1722]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[245,273,1862,1881]" captionTargetBox="[245,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[245,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head-foot, male, right view. (B) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed. Scales = 10 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630967/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: os). This bizarre osphradium topology was found in all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201353F92AAEADF92B" box="[564,709,1733,1757]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201353F92AAE23F92B" box="[564,587,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201330F929AEADF92B" box="[599,709,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens examined herein. The pair of odontophore dorsal protractor muscles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B220132CF904AEE7F8F6" box="[587,655,1768,1792]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="10.[267,295,195,214]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[267,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed, radular sac uncoiled downwards. (B) Buccal mass, left view. (C) Visceral mass and posterior part of pallial cavity, ventral view, midgut seen as in situ, kidney opened longitudinally, only topology of gill shown. (D) Odontophore, dorsal view, both cartilages (oc) deflected, left m4 and m5 (right in figure) partially sectioned. Scales = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326570/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 6B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: m1d) also looks exclusive since the remaining species have different arrangements. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22013E7F8E7AF62F8D4" box="[640,778,1802,1826]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22013E7F8E7AEFFF8D4" box="[640,663,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22013C4F8E7AF62F8D4" box="[675,778,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">cervinetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the arrangement is somewhat similar (Fig 149: m1d in [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B2201405F8E6A907F8D4" author="Simone LRL" box="[1378,1391,1802,1826]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]), but much smaller, while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B22013AEF8C2AF4DF8B3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[713,805,1837,1861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22013AEF8C2AE88F8B3" box="[713,736,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B220138BF8C1AF4DF8B3" box="[748,805,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Figs 123, 125: m1b in [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD4B2201543F8C1A859F8B3" author="Simone LRL" box="[1060,1073,1837,1861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD4B2201510F8C2A8B3F8B3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[1143,1243,1837,1861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B2201510F8C2A8E6F8B3" box="[1143,1166,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD4B22015FDF8C2A8B3F8B3" box="[1178,1243,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD4B220158DF8C1A958F8B3" box="[1258,1328,1837,1861]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), they comprise several small pairs branched far from the median line. The pair of odontophore ventral protractor muscles of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B2211399FF3CAFE7FF11" box="[766,911,207,232]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B2211399FF3CAF7DFF11" box="[766,789,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B2211246FF23AFE7FF11" box="[801,911,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, on the other hand, is different in being rather lateralized and bearing 3–4 separated branches (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B22112C6FF1EAF8CFEFC" box="[929,996,242,266]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="10.[267,295,195,214]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[267,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed, radular sac uncoiled downwards. (B) Buccal mass, left view. (C) Visceral mass and posterior part of pallial cavity, ventral view, midgut seen as in situ, kidney opened longitudinally, only topology of gill shown. (D) Odontophore, dorsal view, both cartilages (oc) deflected, left m4 and m5 (right in figure) partially sectioned. Scales = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326570/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 6B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: m10). The folded portion of inner surface of the esophageal origin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B22113B8FEF9AF4AFEDB" box="[735,802,277,301]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="11.[192,220,1724,1743]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[192,1536,208,1702]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 7. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Female genital system and adjacent structures as in situ, ventral view, transverse section artificially done in middle region of pallial oviduct, ovary (oy) only partially shown, kidney not shown in details. (B) Foregut, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore (od) deflected to left.(C) Anterior male genital structures, dorsal view, topology of right tentacle (te) also shown. (D) Detail of middle region of pallial oviduct, dorsal view, bursa copulatrix (bc) artificially sectioned in two regions. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630969/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: ff) is a single set of folds, running along the anterior esophagus, while this folded region is normally separated into a pair of triangular region on posterior half of the dorsal folds of buccal cavity (Fig 124: ff in [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD5B221157AFEB6A842FE84" author="Simone LRL" box="[1053,1066,346,370]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B221152CFEB6A8E7FE84" box="[1099,1167,346,370]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: ff). The middle esophagus lacking longitudinal folds flanking the esophageal gland (ec) is also exclusive (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B221159EFE91A955FE63" box="[1273,1341,381,405]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="11.[192,220,1724,1743]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[192,1536,208,1702]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 7. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Female genital system and adjacent structures as in situ, ventral view, transverse section artificially done in middle region of pallial oviduct, ovary (oy) only partially shown, kidney not shown in details. (B) Foregut, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore (od) deflected to left.(C) Anterior male genital structures, dorsal view, topology of right tentacle (te) also shown. (D) Detail of middle region of pallial oviduct, dorsal view, bursa copulatrix (bc) artificially sectioned in two regions. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630969/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: es), which is normally found in the other species (Fig 124: es in [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD5B2211568FE4CA874FE4E" author="Simone LRL" box="[1039,1052,416,440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B221155AFE4CA8E8FE4E" box="[1085,1152,416,440]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[192,220,1265,1284]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-221@16.[192,1536,208,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630973/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The seminal vesicle of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B22114E3FE4CAE24FE2C" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B22114E3FE4CA9F3FE41" box="[1412,1435,416,439]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B22114C0FE4CAE24FE2C" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also very irregularly coiled, as usual for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B221156DFE2FA8F7FE2C" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1930" box="[1034,1183,451,474]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B221156DFE2FA8F7FE2C" box="[1034,1183,451,474]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Macrocypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, however, the structure looks with the same width along its length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B22112C5FE09AF9DFE0B" box="[930,1013,485,509]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
: sv), while those of the other congeneric species have two clearly uniform regions, a left narrow one, and a wide right one (e.g.,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B2211432FDE4A9C0FDD6" box="[1365,1448,520,544]" captionStart="Fig 10" captionStartId="17.[192,220,1311,1330]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-225@17.[192,1536,208,1289]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 10. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsalslightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g010" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630975/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
: sv). The pallial sperm duct (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B2211276FDC6AF3FFDB4" box="[785,855,554,578]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="11.[192,220,1724,1743]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[192,1536,208,1702]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 7. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Female genital system and adjacent structures as in situ, ventral view, transverse section artificially done in middle region of pallial oviduct, ovary (oy) only partially shown, kidney not shown in details. (B) Foregut, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore (od) deflected to left.(C) Anterior male genital structures, dorsal view, topology of right tentacle (te) also shown. (D) Detail of middle region of pallial oviduct, dorsal view, bursa copulatrix (bc) artificially sectioned in two regions. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630969/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
: ps) is flanked by similar-sized folds, while in the other species an asymmetry is present. The penis of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B22112CCFDA2A855FD93" box="[939,1085,589,613]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B22112CCFDA2AFAAFD93" box="[939,962,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B22112A8FDA1A855FD93" box="[975,1085,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is somewhat as usual for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B221142EFDA2A9B6FD93" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1930" box="[1353,1502,590,613]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B221142EFDA2A9B6FD93" box="[1353,1502,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Macrocypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
– an elongated, simple structure curved at the tip. However, it has an exclusive well-developed glandular region, bulging in a side of middle penial region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B22115ECFD7EA8B9FD5C" box="[1163,1233,658,682]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="11.[192,220,1724,1743]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[192,1536,208,1702]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 7. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Female genital system and adjacent structures as in situ, ventral view, transverse section artificially done in middle region of pallial oviduct, ovary (oy) only partially shown, kidney not shown in details. (B) Foregut, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore (od) deflected to left.(C) Anterior male genital structures, dorsal view, topology of right tentacle (te) also shown. (D) Detail of middle region of pallial oviduct, dorsal view, bursa copulatrix (bc) artificially sectioned in two regions. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630969/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
: pl). The bursa copulatrix of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B2211372FD5AAECEFD3B" box="[533,678,693,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B2211372FD5AAE44FD3B" box="[533,556,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B221135FFD59AECEFD3B" box="[568,678,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also different in having a long duct and a single wide, thin-walled region at tip (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B2211379FD34AE0EFD06" box="[542,614,728,752]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="11.[192,220,1724,1743]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,209,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[192,1536,208,1702]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 7. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Female genital system and adjacent structures as in situ, ventral view, transverse section artificially done in middle region of pallial oviduct, ovary (oy) only partially shown, kidney not shown in details. (B) Foregut, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore (od) deflected to left.(C) Anterior male genital structures, dorsal view, topology of right tentacle (te) also shown. (D) Detail of middle region of pallial oviduct, dorsal view, bursa copulatrix (bc) artificially sectioned in two regions. Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630969/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 7D</figureCitation>
|
||||
: bc), while in the remaining species the bursa is strongly bent, with a short or absent duct, and bearing strong inner folds (Figs 143, 153: bc in [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD5B221151EFD16A8EEFCE4" author="Simone LRL" box="[1145,1158,762,786]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B22115C0FD16A884FCE4" box="[1191,1260,762,786]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[192,220,1796,1815]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-48@15.[192,1536,349,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Macrocypraea cervus anatomy. (A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed.Scales = 5 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630971/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
: bc).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD5B2211352FCF1AEDFFAEC" blockId="23.[533,1536,207,1480]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
With the descriptions of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B221125BFCF1A82DFCC3" box="[828,1093,797,821]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mammoth">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B221125BFCF1A82DFCC3" box="[828,1093,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Macrocypraea mammoth</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B221151EFCF1A8B5FCC2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[1145,1245,797,821]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B221151EFCF1A8F8FCC2" box="[1145,1168,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B22115FBFCF1A8B5FCC2" box="[1180,1245,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the anatomy of every extant species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B22113AFFCACAF35FCA1" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1930" box="[712,861,832,855]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B22113AFFCACAF35FCA1" box="[712,861,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Macrocypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has now been described in detail. Even so, the anatomical diagnosis of the taxon remained unchanged. Nevertheless, adding the present data to the morphology-based phylogeny by Simone [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD5B221121CFC69AFE0FC6B" author="Simone LRL" box="[891,904,901,925]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
], which already contained
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B22115C1FC69A96AFC6B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[1190,1282,901,925]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B22115C1FC69A8D5FC6A" box="[1190,1213,901,924]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B22115AEFC69A96AFC6B" box="[1225,1282,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">zebra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B2211451FC69A9A8FC6A" box="[1334,1472,901,925]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B2211451FC69A925FC6A" box="[1334,1357,901,924]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B221143EFC69A9A8FC6A" box="[1369,1472,901,924]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">cervinetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, reinforces the monophyly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B221122FFC44AFB5FC49" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1930" box="[840,989,936,959]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B221122FFC44AFB5FC49" box="[840,989,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Macrocypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The main characters are: 1) osphradium separated from posterior region of the gill; 2) pair of odontophore muscles mc comprising two bundles; 3) pair of m11 with insertion surrounding ventral region of radular sac base; 4) bursa copulatrix located at middle level of pallial oviduct. Another set of character are present in remaining tree species excepting
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B2211267FBDFAF0CFBBC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[768,868,1074,1098]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B2211267FBDFAF7FFBBC" box="[768,791,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B2211244FBDFAF0CFBBC" box="[803,868,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">cervus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as follows: 1) pallial papillae stubby, broad, with narrow base; 2) odontophore pair m7 originating at anterior border of ventral m4 branch; 3) bursa copulatrix U-shaped, bearing inner folds. A close relationship of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B221151CFB94A978FB79" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1930" box="[1147,1296,1144,1167]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B221151CFB94A978FB79" box="[1147,1296,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Macrocypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B221142BFB94A9CCFB79" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1356,1444,1144,1167]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B221142BFB94A9CCFB79" box="[1356,1444,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20FA637FFD5B22114CEFB94A9A0FB66" box="[1449,1480,1144,1168]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
was obtained by morphological phylogenetic approach [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD5B221155DFB76A82FFB44" author="Simone LRL" box="[1082,1095,1178,1202]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
], and it was somewhat corroborated by molecular approach (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B221139FFB51AF45FB23" box="[760,813,1213,1237]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="7.[115,143,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[115,1536,202,1459]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 4. Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM. (A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630965/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Fig
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD5B2211247FB51AF20FB23" box="[800,840,1213,1237]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD5B2211230FB51AF18FB23" author="Meyer CP" box="[855,880,1213,1237]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="401 - 459" refId="ref14657" refString="16. Meyer CP. Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the tropics. Biol J Linn Soc. 2003; 79: 401 - 459." type="journal article" year="2003">16</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
];
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD5B22112E2FB51AFD2FB23" box="[901,954,1213,1237]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[349,377,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[349,1535,208,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326568/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
Fig
|
||||
<quantity id="4CB06ABBFFD5B22112CAFB51AFBDFB23" box="[941,981,1213,1237]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD5B2211283FB51AF95FB23" author="Meyer CP" box="[996,1021,1213,1237]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="127 - 156" refId="ref14834" refString="20. Meyer CP. Toward comprehensiveness: increased molecular sampling within Cypraeidae and its phylogenetic implications. Malacologia. 2004; 46 (1): 127 - 156." type="journal article" year="2004">20</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]), although other two genera not included in the morphological study resulted still closer–
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B2211297FB0CA97CFB0E" authority="Iredale, 1930" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1930" box="[1008,1300,1248,1272]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Leporicypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B2211297FB0CA8ECFB01" box="[1008,1156,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Leporicypraea</emphasis>
|
||||
Iredale, 1930
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD5B221142BFB0CAEDCFAEC" authority="Troschel, 1863" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Mauritia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD5B221142BFB0CA9C3FB01" box="[1356,1451,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mauritia</emphasis>
|
||||
Troschel, 1863
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD5B2211352FAC9A831FA3E" blockId="23.[533,1536,207,1480]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">The discovery of a new cypraeid species is an uncommon event in recent times and serves two immediate purposes. First, it is as a reminder of how poorly known the Brazilian mollusk fauna is, particularly in remote areas such as oceanic islands. Second and most importantly, it draws attention to the necessity of protecting these animals, which, because of the endemicity and rarity, may become endangered in the near future.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
186
data/03/E1/76/03E17648FFD1B2251372FD12A9A7F992.xml
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186
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<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251372FD12A848FCEC" blockId="19.[533,1056,766,794]" box="[533,1056,766,794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<heading id="D0BF7032FFD1B2251372FD12A848FCEC" box="[533,1056,766,794]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B2251372FD12A848FCEC" ID-CoL="3X4HB" authority="(Kiener, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Kiener" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[533,1056,766,794]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251372FD12A848FCEC" bold="true" box="[533,1056,766,794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251372FD12AF32FCEC" bold="true" box="[533,858,766,794]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Macrocypraea cervinetta</emphasis>
|
||||
(Kiener, 1843)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251372FCC3A838FC7A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251372FCC3AEF6FCB1" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[533,670,815,839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251372FCC3AEF6FCB1" box="[533,670,815,839]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 12A–12F</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FCBEAFF9FC9C" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[565,913,850,874]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
Synonymy see [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22513BBFCBEAE81FC9C" author="Simone LRL" box="[732,745,850,874]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. Complement:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FC98A838FC7A" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[565,1104,884,908]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B2251352FC98AFE2FC7A" authority="Kiener, 1843" authorityName="Kiener" authorityYear="1843" box="[565,906,884,908]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FC98AE92FC7A" box="[565,762,884,908]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cypraea cervinetta</emphasis>
|
||||
Kiener, 1843
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: pl. 6,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22512ACFC98A861FC7A" box="[971,1033,884,908]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="1.[533,561,1101,1120]" captionTargetBox="[533,1301,208,1080]" captionTargetId="figure-318@1.[533,1301,208,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig 1. Schematic map of Americas showing approximate extension of the four studied species, color as indicated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630959/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B225155AFC98A822FC7A" box="[1085,1098,884,908]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[349,377,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[349,1535,208,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326568/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FC7BA993FBE1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FC7BA9C4FC02" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B2251352FC7BAF5FFC58" ID-CoL="3X4HB" baseAuthorityName="Kiener" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[565,823,919,942]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cervinetta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FC7BAF5FFC58" box="[565,823,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Macrocypraea cervinetta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: Meyer, 2003[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22512A8FC7BAF80FC59" author="Meyer CP" box="[975,1000,919,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="401 - 459" refId="ref14657" refString="16. Meyer CP. Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the tropics. Biol J Linn Soc. 2003; 79: 401 - 459." type="journal article" year="2003">16</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 411; 2004[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225150CFC7BA8ECFC59" author="Meyer CP" box="[1131,1156,919,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="127 - 156" refId="ref14834" refString="20. Meyer CP. Toward comprehensiveness: increased molecular sampling within Cypraeidae and its phylogenetic implications. Malacologia. 2004; 46 (1): 127 - 156." type="journal article" year="2004">20</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 135; Simone, 2004[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251403FC7BA919FC59" author="Simone LRL" box="[1380,1393,919,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 39,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22514CCFC7BA981FC59" box="[1451,1513,919,943]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[245,273,1862,1881]" captionTargetBox="[245,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[245,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head-foot, male, right view. (B) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed. Scales = 10 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251324FC56AE38FC24" box="[579,592,954,978]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="10.[267,295,195,214]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[267,1536,208,1840]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed, radular sac uncoiled downwards. (B) Buccal mass, left view. (C) Visceral mass and posterior part of pallial cavity, ventral view, midgut seen as in situ, kidney opened longitudinally, only topology of gill shown. (D) Odontophore, dorsal view, both cartilages (oc) deflected, left m4 and m5 (right in figure) partially sectioned. Scales = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326570/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
, 71, 144–153; Paulay & Meyer, 2006[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22512BFFC56AF99FC24" author="Paulay G & Meyer C." box="[984,1009,954,978]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="269 - 281" refId="ref14865" refString="21. Paulay G, Meyer C. Dispersal and divergence across the greatest ocean region: Do larvae matter? Integrat Compar Biol. 2006; 46 (3): 269 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / icj 027" type="journal article" year="2006">21</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 273, Table 2; Soriano, 2006[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225144AFC56A92EFC24" author="Soriano JL" box="[1325,1350,954,978]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="41 - 62" refId="ref14914" refString="22. Soriano JL. Consideraciones taxonomicas sobre la familia Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda), con una nueva propuesta de clasificacion supragenerica. Spira. 2006; 2 (1): 41 - 62." type="journal article" year="2006">22</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 49, Table 3; Guevara-Fletcher et al., 2011[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225122AFC30AF0EFC02" author="Guevara-Fletcher CE & Kintz JRC & Mejia-Ladino LM & Cortes FA" box="[845,870,988,1012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref14691" refString="17. Guevara-Fletcher CE, Kintz JRC, Mejia-Ladino LM, Cortes FA. Benthic macrofauna associated with submerged bottoms of a tectonic estuary in Tropical Eastern Pacific. J Marine Biol. 2011; 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2011 / 193759" type="book chapter" year="2011">17</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 8, Table 5; Torreblanca-Ramírez et al., 2012[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251435FC30A903FC02" author="Torreblanca-Ramirez C & Flores-Garza R & Flores-Rodriguez P & Garcia-Ibanez S & Galeana-Rebolledo L." box="[1362,1387,988,1012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="283 - 294" refId="ref14955" refString="23. Torreblanca-Ramirez C, Flores-Garza R, Flores-Rodriguez P, Garcia-Ibanez S, Galeana-Rebolledo L. Riqueza, composicion y diversidad de la comunidad de moluscos asociada al sustrato rocoso intermareal de playa Parque de la Reina, Acapulco, Mexico. Revta Biol Mar Oceanog. 2012; 47 (2): 283 - 294." type="journal article" year="2012">23</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 286,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251372FC13A993FBE1" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[533,1531,1023,1047]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
Table 1; Landa-Jaime et al., 2013[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251211FC13AFE7FBE1" author="Landa-Jaime V & Michel-Morfin E & Arciniega-Flores J & Castillo-Vargasmachuca S & Saucedo-Lozano M." box="[886,911,1023,1047]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1121 - 1136" refId="ref15014" refString="24. Landa-Jaime V, Michel-Morfin E, Arciniega-Flores J, Castillo-Vargasmachuca S, Saucedo-Lozano M. Moluscos asociados al arrecife coralino de Tenacatita, Jalisco, en el Pacifico central mexicano. Revta Mexic Biodiversidad. 2013; 84: 1121 - 1136." type="journal article" year="2013">24</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 1125, Table 1; Torreblanca-Ramírez et al., 2014[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B22514C7FC13A9D1FBE1" author="Torreblanca-Ramirez C & Flores-Garza R & Flores-Rodriguez P & Garcia-Ibanez S & Michel-Morfin JE & Rosas-Acevedo JL" box="[1440,1465,1023,1047]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="547 - 557" refId="ref15059" refString="25. Torreblanca-Ramirez C, Flores-Garza R, Flores-Rodriguez P, Garcia-Ibanez S, Michel-Morfin JE, Rosas-Acevedo JL. Gastropods with economic potential associated with the rocky intertidal zone of the Marine Region Priority 32, Mexico. Revta Biol Mar Oceanog. 2014; 49 (3): 547 - 557. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0718 - 19572014000300011" type="journal article" year="2014">25</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 555,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251372FBCEAF5AFBAA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251372FBCEAF5AFBAA" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
Table 1,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251308FBCEAEC4FBCC" box="[623,684,1058,1082]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[349,377,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[349,1535,208,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326568/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 2J</figureCitation>
|
||||
(17); Lorenz, 2017[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251211FBCEAFEBFBCC" author="Lorenz F." box="[886,899,1058,1082]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14129" refString="2. Lorenz F. Cowries - A Guide to the Gastropod Family Cypraeidae. Vol. 1 - Biology and Systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks, 644 pp; 2017." type="book" year="2017">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 289, text. figure., pl. 60; Torreblanca-Ramírez et al., 2017 [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B2251379FBA8AE5FFBAA" author="Torreblanca-Ramirez C & Flores-Garza R & Flores-Rodriguez P & Garcia-Ibanez S & Michel-Morfin JE & Rosas-Acevedo JL" box="[542,567,1092,1116]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="81 - 93" refId="ref15129" refString="26. Torreblanca-Ramirez C, Flores-Garza R, Flores-Rodriguez P, Garcia-Ibanez S, Michel-Morfin JE, Rosas-Acevedo JL, et al. () Composition of Prosobranchia-Pulmonata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in rocky intertidal zone in the Marine Priority Region 32, Guerrero, Mexico. Revta Biol Mar Oceanog. 2017; 52 (1): 81 - 93. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0718 - 19572017000100006." type="journal article" year="2017">26</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]: 86, Table 1,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22513ABFBA8AF68FBAA" box="[716,768,1092,1116]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="5.[349,377,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[349,1535,208,1886]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326568/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
(52).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FB8BA961FB89" box="[565,1289,1127,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FB8BA961FB89" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[565,1289,1127,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FB8BAEA0FB89" bold="true" box="[565,712,1127,1151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
Gulf of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD1B225124AFB8BAFF2FB89" box="[813,922,1127,1151]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">California</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, Pacific Central to South America.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FB66AFECFB54" box="[565,900,1162,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FB66AFECFB54" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[565,900,1162,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FB66AF65FB54" bold="true" box="[565,781,1162,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||||
As in [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225120FFB66AF1DFB54" author="Simone LRL" box="[872,885,1162,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FB40AF3EFB32" box="[565,854,1196,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FB40AF3EFB32" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" box="[565,854,1196,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FB40AEB6FB32" bold="true" box="[565,734,1196,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||||
As in [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9BAAFFFD1B225125DFB40AF2FFB32" author="Simone LRL" box="[826,839,1196,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref14161" refString="3. Simone LRL. Morphology and phylogeny of the Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda). Papel Virtual. Fapesp. Sao Paulo, 185 pp; 2004 [www. moluscos. org / trabalhos / 2004 / Simone % 202004 % 20 - % 20 Cypraeoidea. pdf]." type="book" year="2004">3</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C35294D5FFD1B2251352FB23A9A7F992" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF7C75EFFD1B2251352FB23A9A7F992" blockId="19.[533,1536,815,1636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251352FB23AEF6FB11" bold="true" box="[565,670,1231,1255]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||||
The only representative of the genus in the Pacific. Conchologically, it can be readily distinguished from the remaining species by the marked anterior widening of the aperture (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B22514BAFB1EAEF2FADA" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 12A and 12B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Most other shell characters such as color, width/height ratio, and general outline overlap with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B22513FCFADBAE9CFAB9" baseAuthorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[667,756,1335,1359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zebra">
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<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B22513FCFADBAEDAFAB8" box="[667,690,1335,1358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M</emphasis>
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.
|
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<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B22513DAFADBAE9CFAB9" box="[701,756,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">zebra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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in varying degrees. The pair of anterior projections flanking canal relatively short (~1/12 of shell length;
|
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<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251252FAB6AFB7FA84" box="[821,991,1370,1394]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 12B and 12C</figureCitation>
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), left edge oblique. Inner lip slope with relatively short, spaces teeth, mostly positioned perpendicular to longitudinal axis (
|
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<figureCitation id="1373DBDBFFD1B2251467FA90A926FA62" box="[1280,1358,1404,1428]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="21.[192,220,1119,1138]" captionTargetBox="[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-284@21.[192,1536,208,1097]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630979/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig 12E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Anatomically, it differs from the remaining species of the genus in having a more anterior origin of the auricle; kidney with ventral lobe bearing a mosaic of pores instead of longitudinal folds; narrower rachidian tooth; narrower seminal vesicle; and a straighter penis with a rounder tip (Simone, 2004). Simone (2004) reported no significant anatomical differences between individuals from the Gulf of
|
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<collectingRegion id="498C09BCFFD1B2251357F9C6AEFFF9B4" box="[560,663,1578,1602]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">California</collectingRegion>
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(i.e.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C48BCDDFFD1B22513AAF9C6AFAAF9B7" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="2017" box="[717,962,1577,1602]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Macrocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cervinetta" subSpecies="californica">
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<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B22513AAF9C6AE8CF9B7" box="[717,740,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M</emphasis>
|
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.
|
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<emphasis id="B93C1B4CFFD1B2251397F9C6AFAAF9B7" box="[752,962,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">cervinetta californica</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and the Central-South America (nominal subspecies). Conchological distinctions between the two subspecies were discussed by Lorenz (2017: 290).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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</document>
|
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|
|
@ -1,77 +1,79 @@
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<subSubSection id="C34B654BFFB5FFF1305EFED464BCFE9A" box="[565,1511,346,370]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C0FFB5FFF1305EFED464BCFE9A" blockId="13.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,1511,346,370]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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|
|
@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ Barboza & S. Leiva
|
|||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C0FFB5FFF1305EFE6B63EFFE15" blockId="13.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,692,485,509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB5FFF1305EFE6B6328FE15" box="[565,627,485,509]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="15.[373,401,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[373,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig 7. Capsicum piuranum Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Calyx. (C) Flower. (D) Opened corolla. (E, F, G). Anther, ventral, dorsal and lateral view, respectively. (H) Gynoecium. (I) Fruit. (J) Seed. Drawn by S. Leiva González." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB5FFF1305EFE6B6328FE15" box="[565,627,485,509]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="15.[373,401,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@14.[373,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig 7. Capsicum piuranum Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Calyx. (C) Flower. (D) Opened corolla. (E, F, G). Anther, ventral, dorsal and lateral view, respectively. (H) Gynoecium. (I) Fruit. (J) Seed. Drawn by S. Leiva González." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326500/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 7</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB5FFF130CCFE6B63EFFE15" box="[679,692,485,509]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="16.[527,555,1702,1721]" captionTargetBox="[527,1536,208,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[527,1536,208,1680]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 8. Capsicum piuranum Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Leaves, abaxial surface. (C) Fruiting branch. (D) Flower bud. (E) Flower and immature fruit. (F) Mature fruit. (G) Fruit, transverse section, showing placenta and seeds. (H) Fruit transverse section, showing a stone cell at the apex (arrow). Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630929/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ shrubs (
|
|||
spp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<caption id="DF2E6648FFB7FFF3331EFF45645CFF1F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[373,401,203,222]" targetBox="[374,1529,211,1872]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
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<caption id="DF2E6648FFB7FFF3331EFF45645CFF1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13326500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326500/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[373,401,203,222]" targetBox="[374,1529,211,1872]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C0FFB7FFF3331EFF45645CFF1F" blockId="15.[373,1491,203,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B925EAD2FFB7FFF3331EFF456255FF36" bold="true" box="[373,782,203,222]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
Fig 7.
|
||||
|
|
@ -317,7 +319,7 @@ A somatic chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 26 was found in this species. The karyo
|
|||
pairs of rather similar length (1–9), 3 sm pairs (10–12), and one st pair (13) (
|
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB7FFF33025FCDF63DBFC81" box="[590,640,849,873]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="17.[533,561,1378,1397]" captionTargetBox="[533,1324,203,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-173@17.[533,1324,203,1356]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 9. Somatic metaphase chromosomes and ideogram of Capsicum piuranum. (A) Methaphase chromosomes. (B) Ideogram. Solid black blocks or dots denote CMA+/DAPI- (NOR) or CMA+/DAPIo (terminal and intercalary) heterochromatic bands. The NOR is indicated as a separate block. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630933/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
, S
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB7FFF330F0FCDF63FEFC81" box="[667,677,849,873]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[454,482,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[454,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB7FFF330F0FCDF63FEFC81" box="[667,677,849,873]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[454,482,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[454,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326484/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1</figureCitation>
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Table). One pair is satellited (10 sm). As in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D43FFB7FFF33608FCDC65A9FC81" box="[1123,1266,849,873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
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<emphasis id="B925EAD2FFB7FFF33608FCDC6528FC81" box="[1123,1139,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
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|
|
@ -339,7 +341,7 @@ of constitutive heterochromatin, GC-rich heterochromatin (
|
|||
, except for the presence of 3 small bands that are not seen in that species (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB7FFF33739FC7164DFFBFF" box="[1362,1412,1023,1047]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="17.[533,561,1378,1397]" captionTargetBox="[533,1324,203,1356]" captionTargetId="figure-173@17.[533,1324,203,1356]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig 9. Somatic metaphase chromosomes and ideogram of Capsicum piuranum. (A) Methaphase chromosomes. (B) Ideogram. Solid black blocks or dots denote CMA+/DAPI- (NOR) or CMA+/DAPIo (terminal and intercalary) heterochromatic bands. The NOR is indicated as a separate block. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630933/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig 9</figureCitation>
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, S
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB7FFF337F7FC7164F2FBFF" box="[1436,1449,1023,1047]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB7FFF337F7FC7164F2FBFF" box="[1436,1449,1023,1047]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326494/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</figureCitation>
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Table).
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C0FFB7FFF3305EFBAF65E7FBB4" blockId="15.[533,1536,329,1879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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|
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@ -1,77 +1,79 @@
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.
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFBBFFFF305EF8856331F8CB" box="[565,618,1803,1827]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[454,482,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[454,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFBBFFFF305EF8856331F8CB" box="[565,618,1803,1827]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[454,482,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[454,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326484/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ urn:lsid:ipni.org:names: 77192556–1].
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</taxonomicName>
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but differing in the length of the flowering pedicels, the shape of the corolla, and the presence of heterostylous flowers.
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Fig 1.
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|
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@ -328,9 +330,9 @@ on the specimen housed at P (Benoist 4204), but this name was never published. I
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; none of these collections have fruits. Extensive recent field explorations in
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were unsuccessful in finding this species. It is distinctive in its deeply lobed stellate corolla (lobes three times longer than the tube,
|
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFBEFFFA368BFA8E647FFAF0" box="[1248,1316,1280,1304]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[454,482,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[454,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 1B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFBEFFFA368BFA8E647FFAF0" box="[1248,1316,1280,1304]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[454,482,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[454,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326484/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 1B</figureCitation>
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) and in the presence of heterostylous flowers (
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFBEFFFA314BFAAC62E0FAD2" box="[800,955,1314,1338]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[454,482,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[454,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 1G and 1H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFBEFFFA314BFAAC62E0FAD2" box="[800,955,1314,1338]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[454,482,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[454,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326484/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 1G and 1H</figureCitation>
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). These features plus the short flowering pedicels (
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long) distinguish
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<mods:affiliation id="3D3878BEB6F0D5FD40ECE0E9371D35E9">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina, & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="802B214F870035AFB6A21AFC020A0383">Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F887D6FFBEFFF1305EF94C63B1FEB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887D6FFBEFFF1305EF94C63B1FEB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887D6FFBEFFF1305EF94C63B1FEB8" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C34B654BFFBEFFFA305EF94C6507F932" box="[565,1116,1730,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C0FFBEFFFA305EF94C6507F932" blockId="6.[533,1536,1245,1893]" box="[565,1116,1730,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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|
|
@ -125,11 +127,11 @@ from
|
|||
, NY [NY-01130066]).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C0FFBEFFFA305EF8C363EFF88D" blockId="6.[533,1536,1245,1893]" box="[565,692,1869,1893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFBEFFFA305EF8C36328F88D" box="[565,627,1869,1893]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="8.[379,407,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[379,1535,208,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Flowering and fruiting branch. (B) Flower. (C) Opened corolla. (D, E, F) Anther, ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively.(G) Gynoecium.(H) Ovary in cross section. (I) Fruit. (J) Seed. Drawn by S. Leiva González." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFBEFFFA305EF8C36328F88D" box="[565,627,1869,1893]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="8.[379,407,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[379,1535,208,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Flowering and fruiting branch. (B) Flower. (C) Opened corolla. (D, E, F) Anther, ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively.(G) Gynoecium.(H) Ovary in cross section. (I) Fruit. (J) Seed. Drawn by S. Leiva González." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326490/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFBEFFFA30CCF8C363EFF88D" box="[679,692,1869,1893]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFBEFFFA30CCF8C363EFF88D" box="[679,692,1869,1893]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326494/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E6648FFB0FFF43310FF4564AFFF1F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[379,407,203,222]" targetBox="[385,1531,210,1867]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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<caption id="DF2E6648FFB0FFF43310FF4564AFFF1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13326490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326490/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[379,407,203,222]" targetBox="[385,1531,210,1867]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C0FFB0FFF43310FF4564AFFF1F" blockId="8.[379,1524,202,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAD2FFB0FFF43310FF456279FF36" bold="true" box="[379,802,202,222]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Fig 3.
|
||||
|
|
@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ Schott
|
|||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D43FFB0FFF43076F8926323F8DC" box="[541,632,1820,1844]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), amongst other shrubs and trees. It grows in the interior of primary forest in shady areas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E6648FFB2FFF63326FF45655AFEC2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[333,361,203,222]" targetBox="[334,1536,212,1872]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
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<caption id="DF2E6648FFB2FFF63326FF45655AFEC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13326494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326494/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[333,361,203,222]" targetBox="[334,1536,212,1872]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C0FFB2FFF63326FF45655AFEC2" blockId="10.[333,1533,202,298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAD2FFB2FFF63326FF4563A8FF36" bold="true" box="[333,755,202,222]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Fig 4.
|
||||
|
|
@ -352,7 +354,7 @@ deserves a status of Endangered. The extent of occurrence is calculated to be
|
|||
pairs (1–9) of decreasing but rather similar size, 3 sm pairs (10–12), and one st pair (13) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB2FFF636B5FC926449FCDC" box="[1246,1298,796,820]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[533,561,1389,1408]" captionTargetBox="[533,1335,208,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-144@11.[533,1335,208,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Somatic metaphase chromosomes and ideogram of Capsicum longifolium. (A) Methaphase chromosomes. (B) Ideogram. Solid black blocks or dots denote CMA+/DAPI- (NOR) or CMA+/DAPIo (terminal and intercalary) heterochromatic bands. The NOR is indicated as a separate block. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630925/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
, S
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB2FFF63746FC92646CFCDC" box="[1325,1335,796,820]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[454,482,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[454,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB2FFF63746FC92646CFCDC" box="[1325,1335,796,820]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[454,482,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[454,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326484/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
Table). Pair 10 (sm) is satellited.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD49FFB2FFF630A6FCB16261FCBF" box="[717,826,831,855]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic" typeStatus="types">Two types</specimenCount>
|
||||
of constitutive heterochromatin are found in this taxon, GC-rich heterochromatin (
|
||||
|
|
@ -364,7 +366,7 @@ of constitutive heterochromatin are found in this taxon, GC-rich heterochromatin
|
|||
)-associated block on the short arm of satellite pair 10, bearing GC-rich heterochromatin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB2FFF636EEFB8165E2FBCF" box="[1157,1209,1039,1063]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[533,561,1389,1408]" captionTargetBox="[533,1335,208,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-144@11.[533,1335,208,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Somatic metaphase chromosomes and ideogram of Capsicum longifolium. (A) Methaphase chromosomes. (B) Ideogram. Solid black blocks or dots denote CMA+/DAPI- (NOR) or CMA+/DAPIo (terminal and intercalary) heterochromatic bands. The NOR is indicated as a separate block. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630925/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
, S
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB2FFF636BAFB816585FBCF" box="[1233,1246,1039,1063]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB2FFF636BAFB816585FBCF" box="[1233,1246,1039,1063]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326494/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
Table).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C0FFB2FFF6305EFBBC64FEFB84" blockId="10.[533,1535,380,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
|
|
@ -637,7 +639,7 @@ L.
|
|||
<emphasis id="B925EAD2FFB2FFF6305EF94A6240F934" box="[565,795,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Capsicum longifolium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unique in the genus in having the longest and narrowest leaves and the striking calyx appendages that arise from the calyx tube as lateral compressed thick expansions or wings (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB2FFF630D7F88762F2F8C9" box="[700,937,1801,1825]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 4C–4E and 4L–4N</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB2FFF630D7F88762F2F8C9" box="[700,937,1801,1825]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326494/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 4C–4E and 4L–4N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Apart from that, it is morphologically most similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D43FFB2FFF6307EF8A263F4F8AC" box="[533,687,1836,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAD2FFB2FFF6307EF8A2637DF8AB" box="[533,550,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -691,15 +693,15 @@ Fig 5. Somatic metaphase chromosomes and ideogram of
|
|||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C0FFB3FFF0305EF89D63A7F95C" blockId="11.[533,1536,1534,1870]" lastBlockId="12.[533,1536,1554,1890]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
Variation in corolla color and length of the fruiting calyx appendages can be observed in the field in individuals growing under the same environmental conditions. The corolla is mainly pure yellow (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB4FFF03084F99C62F1F9C2" box="[751,938,1554,1578]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4E, 4H and 4I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB4FFF03084F99C62F1F9C2" box="[751,938,1554,1578]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326494/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4E, 4H and 4I</figureCitation>
|
||||
), but occasional specimens have corolla lobes red-to brown-edged (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB4FFF030D8F9BA6219F9A4" box="[691,834,1588,1612]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4J and 4K</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB4FFF030D8F9BA6219F9A4" box="[691,834,1588,1612]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326494/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4J and 4K</figureCitation>
|
||||
), or with a red-brown ring inside the corolla limb (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB4FFF0370AF9BA636EF987" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4F and 4G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB4FFF0370AF9BA636EF987" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326494/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4F and 4G</figureCitation>
|
||||
); in this latter case, the filaments and the style are also red-brown. In general, the fruiting calyx appendages do not enlarge considerably (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB4FFF03663F9F465C4F97A" box="[1032,1183,1658,1682]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4L and 4N</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB4FFF03663F9F465C4F97A" box="[1032,1183,1658,1682]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326494/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4L and 4N</figureCitation>
|
||||
) but some specimens have long appendages (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB4FFF030CBF91263B6F95C" box="[672,749,1692,1716]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4M</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A45FFB4FFF030CBF91263B6F95C" box="[672,749,1692,1716]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[333,361,203,222]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[333,1536,208,1872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13326494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13326494/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 4M</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E6648FFB4FFF032EEFA146346FA07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12630927/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[133,161,1434,1453]" targetBox="[134,1535,208,1411]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
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