Add updates up until 2024-11-01 10:05:40
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Genus
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<emphasis id="91D9EAA63175FFE1FF6D22F3FE82FE68" bold="true" box="[238,333,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="540">Grantia</emphasis>
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species:
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<emphasis id="91D9EAA63175FFE1FEBF210BFDDAFDA1" box="[316,533,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="540">Spongia compressa</emphasis>
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(by original designation).
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“
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<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373175FFE1FEDB216FFE1EFDFC" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1892" box="[344,465,583,609]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="540" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Grantiidae</taxonomicName>
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with a syconoid organization. The cortex is composed of tangential triactines and/ or tetractines, occasionally with small perpendicular diactines. Longitudinal diactines, if present, are not found exclusively in the cortex, but cross obliquely, at least a part of the choanosome and protrude from the external surface” (
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Borojević
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<emphasis id="91D9EAA63175FFE1FEF9219BFE7DFD50" box="[378,434,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="540">et al.</emphasis>
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2000
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).
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|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF1423F7FD42FE80" blockId="3.[151,1437,223,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317EFFEAFF1423F7FEEDFF64" bold="true" box="[151,290,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||||
The species is named in honour of Dr Hans Tore Rapp (1972–2020), whose deep revision of the Arctic calcareous sponges made this work possible.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EBB7653F317EFFEAFF44220FFD71FE30" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF44220FFCB2FEF8" blockId="3.[151,1437,223,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317EFFEAFF44220FFE7BFEDC" bold="true" box="[199,436,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="13C53CE9317EFFEAFE38220FFCB2FEF8" collectionCode="PINRO" elevation="167" latitude="68.9721" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="37.9826" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="7C168816317EFFEAFE38220FFDE8FEDC" box="[443,551,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Barents Sea,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="C5BCAE71317EFFEAFD44220FFCD4FEDC" box="[711,795,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">PINRO</collectionCode>
|
||||
trawl survey 2003, st. 46 (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C6995073317EFFEAFBC9220FFB72FEDC" box="[1098,1213,295,321]" degrees="68.9721" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" precision="5" value="68.9721">68.9721N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C6995073317EFFEAFB4A220FFAF5FEDC" box="[1225,1338,295,321]" degrees="37.9826" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" precision="5" value="37.9826">37.9826E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<quantity id="64559B51317EFFEAFACD220FFA58FEDF" box="[1358,1431,295,322]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" unit="m" value="167.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="2880D187317EFFEAFACD220FFA58FEDF" box="[1358,1431,295,322]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" unit="m" value="167.0">167 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
, temperature 7 °C, salinity 34.02 psu,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="B5ABFD3D317EFFEAFDBA2263FD74FEF8" box="[569,699,331,357]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
, KFU-LH-2/022.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF442258FD71FE30" blockId="3.[151,1437,223,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="13C53CE9317EFFEAFF442258FD75FE30" collectionCode="PINRO" elevation="141" latitude="69.4883" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="37.9818" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="7C168816317EFFEAFF442258FEE2FE17" box="[199,301,368,394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Barents Sea,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="C5BCAE71317EFFEAFE4D2247FDEDFE14" box="[462,546,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">PINRO</collectionCode>
|
||||
trawl survey 2003, st. 47 (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C6995073317EFFEAFCD72247FC07FE14" box="[852,968,367,393]" degrees="69.4883" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" precision="5" value="69.4883">69.4883N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C6995073317EFFEAFC572247FB8AFE14" box="[980,1093,367,393]" degrees="37.9818" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" precision="5" value="37.9818">37.9818E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<quantity id="64559B51317EFFEAFBDA2247FB6CFE17" box="[1113,1187,367,394]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" unit="m" value="141.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="2880D187317EFFEAFBDA2247FB6CFE17" box="[1113,1187,367,394]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" unit="m" value="141.0">141 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
, temperature 1.98 °C, salinity 34.529 psu,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="B5ABFD3D317EFFEAFEF922BBFE33FE30" box="[378,508,403,429]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
, KFU-LH-2/043
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EBB7653F317EFFECFF44229FFC12FF64" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="537" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF44229FFB0BFDA0" blockId="3.[151,1437,223,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317EFFEAFF44229FFE94FE4C" bold="true" box="[199,347,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Description:</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317EFFEAFEE5229FFD5FFE4C" box="[358,656,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Morphology and anatomy</emphasis>
|
||||
. Sponge tubular, slightly compressed laterally,
|
||||
<quantity id="64559B51317EFFEAFB38229FFA8BFE4F" box="[1211,1348,439,466]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5 to 5 cm</quantity>
|
||||
height, gradually tapers toward the base, which embraces the substrate (e.g., bivalve shell). Colour dark brown in alcohol. External surface velvety, slightly hispid. Texture soft and delicate. Single naked apical osculum. Aquiferous system syconoid. Choanocyte chambers fused in their entire length. Distal cones are somewhat visible.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF44216FFB70FD18" blockId="3.[151,1437,223,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317EFFEAFF44216FFEE9FDFC" box="[199,294,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B962A31317EFFEAFEB5216FFEBAFDFC" box="[310,373,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1201,1225]" captionTargetBox="[246,1344,674,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-194@3.[244,1344,669,1177]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sycandra rappi Morozov sp. nov. Schematic diagram of skeleton organization.Abbreviations: ab = bundle of small atrial diactines, supported by apical actine of the tetractine at the base; as = atrial skeleton; ss = subatrial skeleton; ts = tubar skeleton; dc = skeleton of distal cones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022857/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In the atrial cavity there is an additional tissue network, supported by bundles of small atrial diactines. This network can branch extensively, often with some foreign particles incorporated.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="F7D2663C317EFFEAFF142799FDEFFA8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14022857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022857/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" startId="3.[151,250,1201,1225]" targetBox="[246,1344,674,1177]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF142799FDEFFA8C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1201,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317EFFEAFF142799FEDDFB57" bold="true" box="[151,274,1201,1226]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317EFFEAFE94279AFDD9FB54" authority="Morozov" authorityName="Morozov & Strelkova" authorityYear="2024" box="[279,534,1202,1226]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rappi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317EFFEAFE94279AFE7CFB54" box="[279,435,1202,1226]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Sycandra rappi</emphasis>
|
||||
Morozov
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317EFFEAFD98279AFDA5FB57" bold="true" box="[539,618,1202,1226]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AEA57DD317EFFEAFD98279AFDA5FB57" box="[539,618,1202,1226]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Schematic diagram of skeleton organization. Abbreviations: ab = bundle of small atrial diactines, supported by apical actine of the tetractine at the base; as = atrial skeleton; ss = subatrial skeleton; ts = tubar skeleton; dc = skeleton of distal cones.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF44264CFB24FA3F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1380,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Atrial skeleton comprises tetractines with their basal actines lying tangentially and the apical actine projecting into the atrial lumen. The apical actine usually supports the bundles of atrial diactines at their base.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF442684FC49FA77" blockId="3.[151,1437,1380,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Subatrial skeleton composed of triactines arranged in several rows with their paired actines supporting the atrial skeleton, and the unpaired actine pointing towards the distal cones.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF4426DCFBECF9AF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1380,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Tubar skeleton composed of parasagittal triactines. These spicules are also present at the distal ends of the choanocyte chambers, with unpaired actines forming the base of the distal cones.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF442514FD23F9E7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1380,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Distal cones decorated with long diactines and trichoxeas protruding slightly through the external surface. Large diactines also cross obliquely the choanosome.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF4425ACFDE1F903" blockId="3.[151,1437,1380,2019]" box="[199,558,1668,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">There is no well-defined cortex.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF442580FC2FF97B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1380,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317EFFEAFF442580FEEBF95F" box="[199,292,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||||
. Atrial diactines sinuous, one tip fusiform and the other lanceolated. Small spines present near the lanceolated tip (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B962A31317EFFEAFEC925E4FE0BF97B" box="[330,452,1740,1766]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sycandra rappi Morozov sp. nov. A. Holotype specimen KFU-LH-2/022, habitus. B–B1. Atrial diactines. C. Distal cone diactines. D. Trichoxea. E. Subatrial triactine. F. Tubar triactine. G–G1. Atrial tetractines. G2. Apical actine of the tetractine. Abbreviations: p = paired actine; u = unpaired actine; a = apical actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Figs 3B–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B962A31317EFFEAFE4725F6FE03F971" box="[452,460,1758,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1309]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[151,1436,181,1316]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of sampling locations in the Barents Sea and adjacent areas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
<subScript id="3F2934F1317EFFEAFE4725F6FE03F971" attach="left" box="[452,460,1758,1772]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">1</subScript>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size: 121–244–350 × 3–4.5–6.3 µm (n = 30).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF4425D8FD9DF8B3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1380,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
Distal cone diactines straight, with sharp tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B962A31317EFFEAFD4425D8FCD7F897" box="[711,792,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sycandra rappi Morozov sp. nov. A. Holotype specimen KFU-LH-2/022, habitus. B–B1. Atrial diactines. C. Distal cone diactines. D. Trichoxea. E. Subatrial triactine. F. Tubar triactine. G–G1. Atrial tetractines. G2. Apical actine of the tetractine. Abbreviations: p = paired actine; u = unpaired actine; a = apical actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Fig 3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size: 248–430–1265 × 7.5–10.5–15 µm (n = 20), maybe larger, often broken during preparation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF442410FCD7F8CF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1380,2019]" box="[199,792,1848,1875]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
Trichoxeas (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B962A31317EFFEAFED22410FE6BF8CF" box="[337,420,1848,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sycandra rappi Morozov sp. nov. A. Holotype specimen KFU-LH-2/022, habitus. B–B1. Atrial diactines. C. Distal cone diactines. D. Trichoxea. E. Subatrial triactine. F. Tubar triactine. G–G1. Atrial tetractines. G2. Apical actine of the tetractine. Abbreviations: p = paired actine; u = unpaired actine; a = apical actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Fig 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), 250–350 × 1 µm, often broken.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF442474FA9BF806" blockId="3.[151,1437,1380,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
Subatrial triactines sagittal, with straight basal actines and ~ 180° angle between the paired actines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B962A31317EFFEAFABE2474FA5FF8EB" box="[1341,1424,1884,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sycandra rappi Morozov sp. nov. A. Holotype specimen KFU-LH-2/022, habitus. B–B1. Atrial diactines. C. Distal cone diactines. D. Trichoxea. E. Subatrial triactine. F. Tubar triactine. G–G1. Atrial tetractines. G2. Apical actine of the tetractine. Abbreviations: p = paired actine; u = unpaired actine; a = apical actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Fig 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size: paired—68–100–141 × 6–7.2–8.7 µm (n = 35); unpaired—92–150–180.8 × 6.7–8.2–10.2 µm (n = 35).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317EFFEAFF44248CFB01F87E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1380,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">
|
||||
Tubar triactines parasagittal, with slightly bent paired actines and straight unpaired actine (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B962A31317EFFEAFB7B248CFA84F823" box="[1272,1355,1956,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sycandra rappi Morozov sp. nov. A. Holotype specimen KFU-LH-2/022, habitus. B–B1. Atrial diactines. C. Distal cone diactines. D. Trichoxea. E. Subatrial triactine. F. Tubar triactine. G–G1. Atrial tetractines. G2. Apical actine of the tetractine. Abbreviations: p = paired actine; u = unpaired actine; a = apical actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="535">Fig 3F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size: paired—62.6–122–191 × 5–7–9 µm (n = 50); unpaired—113–184–338 × 4.3–8–10 µm (n = 50).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="F7D2663C3179FFEDFF1425D7FC1DF8C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14022859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022859/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="536" startId="4.[151,250,1791,1815]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B43179FFEDFF1425D7FC1DF8C2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1791,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63179FFEDFF1425D7FED8F88A" bold="true" box="[151,279,1791,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373179FFEDFEA225D7FDE6F88B" authority="Morozov" authorityName="Morozov & Strelkova" authorityYear="2024" box="[289,553,1791,1815]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="536" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rappi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63179FFEDFEA225D7FE0DF88A" box="[289,450,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">Sycandra rappi</emphasis>
|
||||
Morozov
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63179FFEDFDB025D7FD65F88A" bold="true" box="[563,682,1791,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AEA57DD3179FFEDFDB025D7FD48F88A" box="[563,647,1791,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
A.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Holotype specimen KFU-LH-2/022, habitus.
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63179FFEDFB0C25D7FB04F88A" bold="true" box="[1167,1227,1791,1820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">
|
||||
B–B
|
||||
<subScript id="3F2934F13179FFEDFB3D2426FB0AF881" attach="right" box="[1214,1221,1806,1820]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">1</subScript>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Atrial diactines.
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63179FFEDFA0725D7FA53F88A" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1791,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">C.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distal cone diactines.
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63179FFEDFEF9240BFE5DF8A6" bold="true" box="[378,402,1827,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">D.</emphasis>
|
||||
Trichoxea.
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63179FFEDFD8F240BFDEBF8A6" bold="true" box="[524,548,1827,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">E.</emphasis>
|
||||
Subatrial triactine.
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63179FFEDFD6D240BFCCEF8A6" bold="true" box="[750,769,1827,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
Tubar triactine.
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63179FFEDFC2F240BFC22F8A6" bold="true" box="[940,1005,1827,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">
|
||||
G–G
|
||||
<subScript id="3F2934F13179FFEDFC63241AFC28F8DD" attach="right" box="[992,999,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">1</subScript>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Atrial tetractines.
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63179FFEDFB28240BFB03F8A6" bold="true" box="[1195,1228,1827,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">
|
||||
G
|
||||
<subScript id="3F2934F13179FFEDFB3C241AFB09F8DD" attach="left" box="[1215,1222,1842,1856]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="536">2</subScript>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Apical actine of the tetractine. Abbreviations: p = paired actine; u = unpaired actine; a = apical actine.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B43178FFECFF4423BFFC12FF64" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
|
||||
Atrial tetractines sagittal, with straight basal actines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B962A313178FFECFCA823BFFC63FF2C" box="[811,940,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[151,1436,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sycandra rappi Morozov sp. nov. A. Holotype specimen KFU-LH-2/022, habitus. B–B1. Atrial diactines. C. Distal cone diactines. D. Trichoxea. E. Subatrial triactine. F. Tubar triactine. G–G1. Atrial tetractines. G2. Apical actine of the tetractine. Abbreviations: p = paired actine; u = unpaired actine; a = apical actine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022859/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Figs 3G–G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B962A313178FFECFC282381FC7CFF2A" box="[939,947,169,183]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1201,1225]" captionTargetBox="[246,1344,674,1177]" captionTargetId="figure-194@3.[244,1344,669,1177]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sycandra rappi Morozov sp. nov. Schematic diagram of skeleton organization.Abbreviations: ab = bundle of small atrial diactines, supported by apical actine of the tetractine at the base; as = atrial skeleton; ss = subatrial skeleton; ts = tubar skeleton; dc = skeleton of distal cones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022857/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
|
||||
<subScript id="3F2934F13178FFECFC282381FC7CFF2A" attach="left" box="[939,947,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">2</subScript>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The apical actine is slightly sinuous and much thicker than the basal ones. Size: paired—116–156–185 × 6.5–8.3–10 (n = 10) µm; unpaired—207–268–306 × 7–8.3–9.4 (n = 10) µm; apical—180–236–286 × 7.8–11–16 µm (n = 10).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EBB7653F3178FFEFFF44222BFBCBFE30" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="538" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B43178FFECFF44222BFA8EFD18" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFF44222BFEF2FE80" bold="true" box="[199,317,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFE4B222BFD2EFE80" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[456,737,259,285]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFE4B222BFDFDFE80" box="[456,562,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Sycandra</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B453178FFECFDBF222BFD2EFE80" author="Haeckel, E." box="[572,737,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" refId="ref9568" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zwei Banden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. Vols. I & II. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 484 pp. & 418 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11323" type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is sufficiently sharply distinguished from the other Grantiid sponges by a complex network of tissue tracts in the atrial cavity, supported by bundles of diactines. However, the present placement of genus in the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFD282263FCEEFEF8" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1892" box="[683,801,331,357]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Grantiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is arguable, since there is no true cortex in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFAA82263FA5AFEF8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[1323,1429,331,357]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFAA82263FA5AFEF8" box="[1323,1429,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Sycandra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In the examined specimens we found relatively well-defined distal cones decorated with tufts of long diactines. The same feature was mentioned for Greenlandic specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFCE822BBFACFFE30" authority="(Schmidt, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[875,1280,403,429]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFCE822BBFB8EFE30" box="[875,1089,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Sycandra utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B453178FFECFBD322BBFB37FE30" author="Schmidt, O." box="[1104,1272,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" pagination="89 - 97" refId="ref11092" refString="Schmidt, O. (1869) Vorlaufige Mittheilungen uber die Spongien der Gronlandischen Kuste. Mittheilungen des Naturwissesnchaftlichen Vereines fur Steiermark, 6, 89 - 97." type="journal article" year="1869">Schmidt, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B453178FFECFAAF22BBFF2DFE4C" author="Lundbeck, W." pageId="5" pageNumber="537" pagination="423 - 464" refId="ref10399" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1909) The Porifera of East Greenland. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 29, 423 - 464." type="journal article" year="1909">Lundbeck (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and it is also quite obvious from description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFC8A229FFC44FE4C" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[777,907,439,465]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFC8A229FFC44FE4C" box="[777,907,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">S. utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
given by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B453178FFECFC7D229FFB40FE4C" author="Rapp, H. T." box="[1022,1167,438,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" pagination="1395 - 1459" refId="ref10622" refString="Rapp, H. T. (2015) A monograph of the calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) of Greenland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (7), 1395 - 1459. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315413001070" type="journal article" year="2015">Rapp (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Distal cones decorated with long diactines and the absence of a cortex makes
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFC9022F3FC5AFE68" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[787,917,475,501]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFC9022F3FC5AFE68" box="[787,917,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">S. utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
very closely related to representatives of the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFF6522D7FDC2FD84" authority="Polejaeff, 1883" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[230,525,511,537]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Syconidae Poléjaeff, 1883</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, according to a recent molecular phylogenetic study (Alvizu
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFA9D22D7FA9AFD84" box="[1310,1365,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2018) the latter is polyphyletic. Members of the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFD49210BFC8DFDA0" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[714,834,547,573]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Syconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFCCD210BFB84FDA0" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[846,1099,547,573]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFCCD210BFC50FDA0" box="[846,927,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Sycetta</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B453178FFECFC2B210BFB84FDA0" author="Haeckel, E." box="[936,1099,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" refId="ref9568" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zwei Banden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. Vols. I & II. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 484 pp. & 418 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11323" type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFB06210BFA96FDA0" authority="Risso, 1827" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1827" box="[1157,1369,547,573]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" genus="Sycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFB06210BFB07FDA0" box="[1157,1224,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Sycon</emphasis>
|
||||
Risso, 1827
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, were distributed amongst several distant clades in the phylogenetic tree built with the C-region of the 28S rRNA. On account of these facts it is not currently possible to relocate the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFC2B2143FBDDFD18" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[936,1042,619,645]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFC2B2143FBDDFD18" box="[936,1042,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Sycandra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
into the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFB472143FAF3FD18" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[1220,1340,619,645]" class="Calcarea" family="Syconidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Syconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B43178FFECFF4421A7FB04FCA4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFF4421A7FEFEFD34" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[199,305,655,681]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFF4421A7FEFEFD34" box="[199,305,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Sycandra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a monotypic genus with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFDFD21A7FC98FD34" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[638,855,655,681]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFDFD21A7FC98FD34" box="[638,855,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Sycandra utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
recorded for the Northern Hemisphere.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFAB121A7FF34FD50" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFAB121A7FF34FD50" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Sycandra utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was originally described as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFDC9219BFD2EFD50" baseAuthorityName="Rapp" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[586,737,691,717]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFDC9219BFD2EFD50" box="[586,737,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Ute utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B453178FFECFC91219BFC0BFD50" author="Schmidt, O." box="[786,964,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" pagination="89 - 97" refId="ref11092" refString="Schmidt, O. (1869) Vorlaufige Mittheilungen uber die Spongien der Gronlandischen Kuste. Mittheilungen des Naturwissesnchaftlichen Vereines fur Steiermark, 6, 89 - 97." type="journal article" year="1869">Schmidt (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
from the coasts of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="DBBA76243178FFECFB2E219BFAEAFD50" box="[1197,1317,691,717]" name="Greenland" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Recently,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B453178FFECFF1421FFFEEAFD6C" author="Rapp, H. T." box="[151,293,726,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" pagination="1395 - 1459" refId="ref10622" refString="Rapp, H. T. (2015) A monograph of the calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) of Greenland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (7), 1395 - 1459. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315413001070" type="journal article" year="2015">Rapp (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
re-described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFE3C21FFFDF0FD6C" baseAuthorityName="Rapp" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[447,575,727,753]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFE3C21FFFDF0FD6C" box="[447,575,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">S. utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In his material, there was a specimen previously identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFA8B21FFFA52FD6C" baseAuthorityName="Rapp" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1288,1437,727,753]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFA8B21FFFA52FD6C" box="[1288,1437,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Ute utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by Schmidt, which led him to conclude that it was likely the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="7C1688163178FFECFCD321D3FC4FFC88" box="[848,896,763,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
material of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFB8F21D3FAE8FC88" authority="(Rapp 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Rapp" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1036,1319,762,789]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFB8F21D3FB41FC88" box="[1036,1166,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">S. utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B453178FFECFB1E21D3FAD0FC88" author="Rapp, H. T." box="[1181,1311,762,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" pagination="1395 - 1459" refId="ref10622" refString="Rapp, H. T. (2015) A monograph of the calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) of Greenland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (7), 1395 - 1459. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315413001070" type="journal article" year="2015">Rapp 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Thus, the description given by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B453178FFECFE002037FDDFFCA4" author="Rapp, H. T." box="[387,528,798,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" pagination="1395 - 1459" refId="ref10622" refString="Rapp, H. T. (2015) A monograph of the calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) of Greenland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (7), 1395 - 1459. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315413001070" type="journal article" year="2015">Rapp (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
can be considered the description of
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFC322037FB0AFCA5" box="[945,1221,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFC322037FBB9FCA5" box="[945,1142,799,825]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="utriculus" subSpecies="sensu">
|
||||
S. utriculus
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AEA57DD3178FFECFBBB2037FBB9FCA5" box="[1080,1142,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
stricto
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="F7D2663C3178FFECFF14244EFD1CF83F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14022861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022861/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" startId="5.[151,250,1894,1918]" targetBox="[179,1409,862,1858]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B43178FFECFF14244EFD1CF83F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1894,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFF14244EFEDCF8E3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1894,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D373178FFECFE35244EFD88F8E3" box="[438,583,1894,1918]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA63178FFECFE35244EFDD9F8E3" box="[438,534,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="537">Sycandra</emphasis>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the North Atlantic and Arctic. Data from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B453178FFECFB8B244EFB6AF8E2" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1032,1189,1894,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="537" refId="ref9568" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zwei Banden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. Vols. I & II. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 484 pp. & 418 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11323" type="book" year="1872">Haeckel (1872)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
is indicated by question marks since he did not specify exact sampling locations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317BFFEFFF4423BFFDA2FEDC" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">
|
||||
According to the size of the spicules, the apical actine of the tetractines is on average only 156 by 6.1 µm in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317BFFEFFA0423BFFF34FF48" baseAuthorityName="Rapp" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="538" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFA0423BFFF34FF48" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">S. utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, almost twice as thin (and shorter) as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317BFFEFFD4B2393FCEDFF49" authorityName="Morozov & Strelkova" authorityYear="2024" box="[712,802,187,213]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="538" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rappi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFD4B2393FD19FF48" box="[712,726,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">S</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFD662393FCEDFF49" box="[741,802,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">rappi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFCA92393FC4BFF48" bold="true" box="[810,900,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AEA57DD317BFFEFFCA92393FC4BFF48" box="[810,900,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
However, dimensions of spicules in calcareous sponges seem to be subjected to considerable intraspecific variation (see description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317BFFEFFBED23F7FB21FF64" baseAuthorityName="Rapp" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1134,1262,223,249]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="538" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFBED23F7FB21FF64" box="[1134,1262,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">S. utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
below). On the other hand, there is an additional kind of spicule in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317BFFEFFD60222BFCABFE80" baseAuthorityName="Rapp" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[739,868,259,285]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="538" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFD60222BFCABFE80" box="[739,868,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">S. utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a small sickle-shaped diactine found in the distal cones, which is absent in the new species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317BFFEFFF442263FBCBFE30" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">
|
||||
Our specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317BFFEFFE162263FD8CFEF9" authorityName="Morozov & Strelkova" authorityYear="2024" box="[405,579,331,357]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="538" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rappi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFE162263FD8CFEF9" box="[405,579,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">Sycandra rappi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFDC92263FD6BFEF8" bold="true" box="[586,676,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AEA57DD317BFFEFFDC92263FD6BFEF8" box="[586,676,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
were found on several occasions in the southern Barents Sea, north off the Kola Peninsula. Apparently,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317BFFEFFDBA2247FD5AFE15" authorityName="Morozov & Strelkova" authorityYear="2024" box="[569,661,367,393]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="538" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rappi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFDBA2247FD5AFE15" box="[569,661,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">S. rappi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFD1C2247FD33FE14" bold="true" box="[671,764,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AEA57DD317BFFEFFD1C2247FD33FE14" box="[671,764,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317BFFEFFCBA2247FC72FE14" baseAuthorityName="Rapp" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[825,957,367,393]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="538" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317BFFEFFCBA2247FC72FE14" box="[825,957,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">S. utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are sympatric, with partially overlapping geographical ranges (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B962A31317BFFEFFE0422BBFE09FE30" box="[391,454,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,862,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-344@5.[166,1422,849,1871]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution of Sycandra spp. in the North Atlantic and Arctic. Data from Haeckel (1872) is indicated by question marks since he did not specify exact sampling locations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14022861/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="538">Fig 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Thus, careful examination of spicules is required.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
89
data/2B/04/87/2B0487A2317FFFEBFF14247EFE39F867.xml
Normal file
89
data/2B/04/87/2B0487A2317FFFEBFF14247EFE39F867.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
|
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<mods:title id="9C9BF8B136F6421403E6CD8655E7E5ED">On some Calcaronea (Porifera: Calcarea) from the Barents Sea and adjacent Polar Basin</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CEA015A76746147575B9BE642BA4A560">Morozov, Grigori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="63B7DD82626328FD5966436502E14DF7">Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia & Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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|
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<mods:namePart id="C0E519D0A716A77B71843CE19AF0CB0D">Strelkova, Natalia</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="613348322E63830E6050C25EB31CCF37">Polar branch of VNIRO (« PINRO » named after N. M. Knipovich), Murmansk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8C64942B46A6B0356D1D4D667A723E04">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="2B0487A2317FFFEBFF14247EFE39F867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14022847" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B0487A2317FFFEBFF14247EFE39F867" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B0487A2317FFFEBFF14247EFE39F867" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="2" pageNumber="534">
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<subSubSection id="EBB7653F317FFFEBFF14247EFDD9F8ED" box="[151,534,1878,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="A31236B4317FFFEBFF14247EFDD9F8ED" blockId="2.[151,534,1878,1905]" box="[151,534,1878,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534">
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<heading id="F85A81D8317FFFEBFF14247EFDD9F8ED" bold="true" box="[151,534,1878,1905]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="534" reason="1">
|
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<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317FFFEBFF14247EFDD9F8ED" bold="true" box="[151,534,1878,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317FFFEBFF6D247EFDD9F8ED" ID-CoL="84TYP" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[238,534,1878,1905]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Sycandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="2" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317FFFEBFF6D247EFEAFF8EC" bold="true" box="[238,352,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="534">Sycandra</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B45317FFFEBFEEB247FFDD9F8ED" author="Haeckel, E." box="[360,534,1878,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534" refId="ref9568" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme. Eine Monographie in zwei Banden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. Vols. I & II. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 484 pp. & 418 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11323" type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EBB7653F317FFFEBFF1424B0FB7DF82F" box="[151,1202,1943,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317FFFEBFF1424B0FB7DF82F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1943,2042]" box="[151,1202,1943,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317FFFEBFF1424B0FEFAF82C" bold="true" box="[151,309,1943,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="7C168816317FFFEBFF1424B0FF1DF82F" box="[151,210,1944,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317FFFEBFEBF24B1FE00F82F" ID-CoL="7F487" baseAuthorityName="Rapp" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[316,463,1944,1970]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Ute" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="2" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="utriculus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317FFFEBFEBF24B1FE00F82F" box="[316,463,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="534">Ute utriculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B45317FFFEBFE5E24B0FD4EF82F" author="Schmidt, O." box="[477,641,1944,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534" pagination="89 - 97" refId="ref11092" refString="Schmidt, O. (1869) Vorlaufige Mittheilungen uber die Spongien der Gronlandischen Kuste. Mittheilungen des Naturwissesnchaftlichen Vereines fur Steiermark, 6, 89 - 97." type="journal article" year="1869">Schmidt, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(subsequent designation by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C73C4B45317FFFEBFC4324B0FB69F82F" author="Dendy, A. & Row, R. H." box="[960,1190,1944,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534" pagination="704 - 813" refId="ref9132" refString="Dendy, A. & Row, R. H. (1913) The classification and phylogeny of the calcareous sponges, with a reference list of all the described species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 83 (3), 704 - 813. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1913. tb 06152. x" type="journal article" year="1913">Dendy & Row 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EBB7653F317FFFEBFF442493FE39F867" pageId="2" pageNumber="534" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31236B4317FFFEBFF442493FE39F867" blockId="2.[151,1436,1943,2042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91D9EAA6317FFFEBFF442493FE8BF848" bold="true" box="[199,324,1979,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="534">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64AD4D37317FFFEBFECE2494FE0CF84B" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1892" box="[333,451,1980,2006]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="2" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Grantiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a large flattened body; the atrial cavity with a complex network of tissue tracts, supported by parallel diactines.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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