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<mods:title id="202B0A76151F334FCB81E442AD7806EF">A snow-dwelling tropical buưerfly? An unprecedented discovery of a new genus of the Pedaliodes clade in an extreme, high-altitude Andean environment (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0DE7E525E8CE6C6C1C2D6F16D0C4DF78">Pyrcz, Tomasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="49CCFACD3BAA72F7A76673347FD748E6">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BF47697263C4E6B24975D2DF88BDCEC6">Mahecha-J., Oscar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="71F1801C0E80B4EACB5E32C4FCE198B4">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland & Programa Academico de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Matematicas y Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3 No. 26 A - 40, Bogotá, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D3FE789AA14C85DA05D9C41005AED47F">Boyer, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A35F6EFA25B2FBD2FEAC264DB290E9F9">7 Lotissement l’Horizon, Le Puy Sainte Réparade, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8684362523E80876BC073EEB75D55270">Lachowska-Cielik, Dorota</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B28AD2796ED2A042985626C469A6AC3A">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C080E903B150143E7E8F9F4E22A76E37">Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C994FB0305435F601FA3E0E97C9BE13D">Garlacz, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BFD931ABD0EE1399A17D592E2938C3C">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E44A2C84CD8A13CD326987D82047A227">Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F117611601B1B6FFF0EBBA7DB48CA4C">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="46F28825893B4598D19C20B3366EA547">Bálint, Zsolt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="07BC7972542A614BC7C85B250018184D">Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Barros utca 13, 1088 Budapest, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="403183D81B42918FB2960D3940C40323">Fåhraeus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="036D6D1C23B65DE4548206A4ED560715">Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F8876FC6950D0C446802CBB85EE2B66E">Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="66979CF89F128E5248A212DCF7B69FAB">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4A461AB4DCDB75C4FC088E32F117AF69">Espeland, Marianne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F8756639D3D22128EDB36FC4113472EE">Leibniz Institute for the Analysis for Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="106307C84721C389A8BA5F601D105B04">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="637F71A7545CB3826FEA41EC780F87BC">2024-10-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="985950FD6971D6A9EB61CD793616F2EA">202</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0E3259EA5D64AAB3ADAB8936C922C30F">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae112</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="6F15EF6C1D43BB1861F219DC244F148F" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae112</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="17A8CA4720CA139AE151535F493E1182" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC2ED4A1A8EF8D5FDC7E079" authority="Pyrcz & Espeland" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[228,540,1840,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFC2ED4A1A8EF8D5FE81E079" bold="true" box="[228,346,1840,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
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Pyrcz & Espeland
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC2ED4A1A1BF8B3FE6BE05D" authority="Pyrcz & Espeland" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[113,432,1878,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFC2ED4A1A1BF8B3FF04E05C" bold="true" box="[113,223,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
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Pyrcz & Espeland
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</taxonomicName>
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: LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFC2ED4A1A1BF855FF44E0F5" box="[113,159,1968,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC2ED4A1A81F84AFD74E0FA" authority="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[235,687,1967,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFC2ED4A1A81F84AFE66E0F5" box="[235,445,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nivaliodes negrobueno</emphasis>
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Pyrcz, Fåhraeus & Boyer
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AAA2AFFC2ED4A18D9F855FD20E0F5" box="[691,763,1968,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC2ED4C199DF970FC38E2CE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFC2ED4A199DF970FB3DE19C" box="[1015,1254,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis and description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC2ED4D1940F95FFE8CE06C" blockId="3.[810,1459,1684,1997]" lastBlockId="4.[129,778,1737,1886]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Adults of medium size, with a FW with costa length between 21 and
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, with brown or blackish brown FWD and HWD, except for a white postdiscal costal patch in the FW, and with an almost uniform underside with some faint white scaling, blackbrown FW and black HW freely sprinkled by snow-white scales, HWV median costal patch whitish. No androconial patch, except for a few vestigial androconial scales detected under the scanning electron microscope in one of the three known species,
|
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|
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFC2ED4A1936F850FC27E0FF" box="[860,1020,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nivaliodes puriq</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC2ED4A1E66F850FB96E0FF" box="[1036,1101,1973,1997]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[260,1313,149,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-7@11.[253,1320,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Scanning electron microscopy images of Nivaliodes negrobueno scales.A, scale-covered wing membrane, with visible discal veins also covered by ground scales. B, elongated cover scales with hairy scales. C, two morphotypes of scales: elongated cover scales and wide, shovel-shaped ground scales. D, elongated cover scales and hairy scales. E, elongated cover scale with pointed apical termini.F, shovel- like cover scale with undulating terminus. G, detail of cover scale micro- and structures, median area. H, detail of cover scale micro- and nanostructures, apical area." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC2ED4A1E32F850FBBEE0FF" box="[1112,1125,1973,1997]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[275,1328,148,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-9@12.[268,1335,143,1743]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Scanning electron microscopy images of Nivaliodes puriq scales.A, scale-covered wing membrane with visible veins free of scales.B, transformed cover scales with sparse hair-like androconial scales.C, transformed cover scales with elongated shape on top, shovel-like ground scales below.D, transformed cover scales and sparse androconial scales. E, transformed cover scale with pointed termini.F, fragments of a transformed cover scale and an androconial scale. G, detail of terminal part of a hair-like androconial scale. H, micro- and nanostructures in the transformed cover scale, median area." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Wing venation similar to other genera of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC5ED4D1B70F92CFE5BE1D3" box="[282,384,1737,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC5ED4D1B70F92CFE5BE1D3" box="[282,384,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade (see:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCB6B2FFC5ED4D1862F92FFD64E1D3" author="Pyrcz TW & Lachowska-Cierlik D & Willmou KR" box="[520,703,1737,1762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="163 - 77" refId="ref12434" refString="Pyrcz TW, Lachowska-Cierlik D, Willmou KR et al. A new genus in the diverse Andean Pedaliodes complex uncovered using target enrichment (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Systematic Entomology 2023; 48: 163 - 77. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12568" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||||
Pyrcz
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC5ED4D1827F92FFD5AE1D3" box="[589,641,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2023
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Eyes densely hairy; palpi two times the length of head; antennae reaching two-fifths the length of costa, slender, mostly naked, with a club formed gradually, composed of 11 flagellomeres, flattened dorsoventrally.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF229BCBFFC5ED4D1AEBF964FA57E1AB" box="[129,1420,1665,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[129,194,1665,1689]" targetBox="[127,1478,145,1637]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC5ED4D1AEBF964FA57E1AB" blockId="4.[129,1420,1665,1690]" box="[129,1420,1665,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC5ED4D1AEBF964FF02E1AB" bold="true" box="[129,217,1665,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Maximum likelihood tree of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC5ED4D1B86F964FD89E1AB" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[492,594,1665,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC5ED4D1B86F964FD89E1AB" bold="true" box="[492,594,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC5ED4D18DDF964FCEFE1AB" box="[695,820,1665,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pronophilina">Pronophilina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
inferred in IQ-TREE based on target enrichment data and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC5ED4D1F34F967FA5CE1AB" box="[1374,1415,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">COI</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC5ED4D1AEBF865FBBAE06C" blockId="4.[129,778,1920,1976]" lastBlockId="4.[825,1474,1737,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC5ED4D1AEBF865FEC2E0AA" box="[129,281,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||||
With stout uncus and subunci and, contrary to the species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC5ED4D1B50F87AFE7BE085" box="[314,416,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC5ED4D1B50F87AFE7BE085" box="[314,416,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the valva is devoid of any dorsal process, instead with a humped, either slightly irregular or serrate dorsum, and with a short, straight, and wide, tubular aedeagus, differing from the contorted and usually considerably longer aedeagus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC5ED4D1996F8C2FBB9E00D" box="[1020,1122,1831,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC5ED4D1996F8C2FBB9E00D" box="[1020,1122,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, bearing a sharp apical ending and a widened proximal opening.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC5ED4C1953F865FF63E168" blockId="4.[825,1475,1920,1975]" lastBlockId="5.[113,763,1477,1626]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC5ED4D1953F865FC05E0AA" box="[825,990,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||||
Papillae anales prominent, postvaginal lamella wide and strongly sclerotized with a smooth surface, enclosing a spacious antrum; ductus bursae mildly sclerotized, medium long and very wide, opening gradually into a large, pear-like corpus bursae, with a smooth surface, no signa, unlike the species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C1A1BF9C6FF08E109" box="[113,211,1571,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1A1BF9C6FF08E109" box="[113,211,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which invariably have two parallel signa on corpus bursae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF229BCBFFC4ED4C1A1BFA82FD08E2B2" box="[113,723,1383,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[113,178,1383,1407]" targetBox="[149,1419,146,1351]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC4ED4C1A1BFA82FD08E2B2" blockId="5.[113,723,1383,1408]" box="[113,723,1383,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1A1BFA82FF12E2B2" bold="true" box="[113,201,1383,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Divergence analysis of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C1BCEFA82FDD1E24D" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[420,522,1383,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1BCEFA82FDD1E24D" bold="true" box="[420,522,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
inferred in BEAST2.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC4ED4C1B08F965FDD2E1A8" blockId="5.[113,763,1664,1977]" box="[354,521,1664,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1B08F965FDD2E1A8" box="[354,521,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Scale morphology</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC4ED4C1A1BF943FC38E2CE" blockId="5.[113,763,1664,1977]" lastBlockId="5.[810,1459,1477,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
Uppersides of wings are overlaid with two thickly packed layers of flat, cover scales, the top layer with predominantly elongated scales with dentate apices, and the bottom layer with scarcer, wide scales with gently undulating apices, visible only when top layer scales are removed; long, hairy scales are rather sparse and concentrate along outer areas of wings, fringes composed of elongated brushy scales. There are no specialized androconial scales. Scale ultramorphology is homogeneous, with the body of the individual scales being structured by longitudinal ridges and cross ribs connected by trabeculae, with no apparent lower-level lamina (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC4ED4C1915FA01FC60E2CE" box="[895,955,1508,1532]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[260,1313,149,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-7@11.[253,1320,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Scanning electron microscopy images of Nivaliodes negrobueno scales.A, scale-covered wing membrane, with visible discal veins also covered by ground scales. B, elongated cover scales with hairy scales. C, two morphotypes of scales: elongated cover scales and wide, shovel-shaped ground scales. D, elongated cover scales and hairy scales. E, elongated cover scale with pointed apical termini.F, shovel- like cover scale with undulating terminus. G, detail of cover scale micro- and structures, median area. H, detail of cover scale micro- and nanostructures, apical area." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC4ED4C19ACFA01FC08E2CE" box="[966,979,1508,1532]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[275,1328,148,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-9@12.[268,1335,143,1743]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Scanning electron microscopy images of Nivaliodes puriq scales.A, scale-covered wing membrane with visible veins free of scales.B, transformed cover scales with sparse hair-like androconial scales.C, transformed cover scales with elongated shape on top, shovel-like ground scales below.D, transformed cover scales and sparse androconial scales. E, transformed cover scale with pointed termini.F, fragments of a transformed cover scale and an androconial scale. G, detail of terminal part of a hair-like androconial scale. H, micro- and nanostructures in the transformed cover scale, median area." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC4ED4C1E56F9F9FC43E1AB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC4ED4C1E56F9F9FB79E104" blockId="5.[810,1459,1564,1689]" box="[1084,1186,1564,1590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1E56F9F9FB79E104" box="[1084,1186,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC4ED4C1940F9A7FC43E1AB" blockId="5.[810,1459,1564,1689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
A compound noun: ‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1E62F9A7FB9EE168" box="[1032,1093,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nival-</emphasis>
|
||||
’, root of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1EC2F9A6FB3FE168" box="[1192,1252,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">snowy</emphasis>
|
||||
in Latin, -
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1F3CF9A7FA57E168" box="[1366,1420,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">liodes</emphasis>
|
||||
, an allusion to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C19F5F984FBDEE14B" box="[927,1029,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C19F5F984FBDEE14B" box="[927,1029,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Noun grammatical gender is considered masculine.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC4ED4E1996F95DFD7EE677" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC4ED4C1996F95DFB3AE1E0" blockId="5.[1020,1249,1720,1746]" box="[1020,1249,1720,1746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1996F95DFB3AE1E0" box="[1020,1249,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phylogeny and radiation</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC4ED4F1940F93AFC77E0FE" blockId="5.[810,1460,1759,1971]" lastBlockId="6.[825,1474,1878,1996]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C19C1F93AFBCAE1C5" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[939,1041,1759,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C19C1F93AFBCAE1C5" box="[939,1041,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is fully supported and sister to the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C191AF91BFB7FE024" authority="Forster, 1964" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[880,1188,1790,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pherepedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C191AF91BFBD7E024" box="[880,1036,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pherepedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCB6B2FFC4ED4C1E7DF91AFB7FE024" author="Forster W & Lepidoptera III" box="[1047,1188,1790,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="51 - 188" refId="ref11726" refString="Forster W. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens, XIX. Lepidoptera III. Satyridae, Veroffentlichungen Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen 1964; 8: 51 - 188." type="book chapter" year="1964">Forster, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFC4ED4C1EDCF91BFB3CE024" box="[1206,1255,1790,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C1F27F91BFB19E004" authority="Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1894" authorityName="Grose-Smith & Kirby" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pheretiades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1F27F91BFC4CE007" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pedaliodes pheretiades</emphasis>
|
||||
Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1894
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), with the two forming a fully supported clade sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C1EE1F8D8FB2AE067" box="[1163,1265,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1EE1F8D8FB2AE067" box="[1163,1265,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+ the monotypic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C1940F8B9FB7EE046" authority="Adams & Bernard, 1979" authorityName="Adams & Bernard" authorityYear="1979" box="[810,1189,1884,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dangond" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1940F8B9FC5FE046" box="[810,900,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dangond</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCB6B2FFC4ED4C19F9F8B9FB7EE046" author="Adams MJ & Bernard G" box="[915,1189,1884,1908]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="95 - 118" refId="ref10911" refString="Adams MJ, Bernard G. Pronophiline buuerflies (Satyridae) of the Serrania de Valledupar, Colombia - Venezuela border. Systematic Entomology 1979; 4: 95 - 118." type="journal article" year="1979">Adams & Bernard, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFC4ED4C1ED1F8B9FB37E046" box="[1211,1260,1884,1908]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C1F33F8B9FBA0E0A6" authority="Adams & Bernard, 1979" authorityName="Adams & Bernard" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dangond" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dangondi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1F33F8B9FC5EE0A1" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dangond dangondi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCB6B2FFC4ED4C19E3F89EFBA0E0A6" author="Adams MJ & Bernard G" box="[905,1147,1915,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="95 - 118" refId="ref10911" refString="Adams MJ, Bernard G. Pronophiline buuerflies (Satyridae) of the Serrania de Valledupar, Colombia - Venezuela border. Systematic Entomology 1979; 4: 95 - 118." type="journal article" year="1979">Adams & Bernard, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), within the diverse ‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C1F26F89EFA69E0A1" box="[1356,1458,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC4ED4C1F26F89EFA69E0A1" box="[1356,1458,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade’ of the subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C1E7FF87EFB47E081" box="[1045,1180,1947,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Pronophilina">Pronophilina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C1EC6F87EFAE4E081" box="[1196,1343,1947,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC4ED4C1F26F87EFA6BE081" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1833" box="[1356,1456,1947,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Satyrinae">Satyrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC7ED4F1AEBF8B3FF0EE05C" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1833" box="[129,213,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Satyrini">Satyrini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC7ED4F1A86F8B3FEFEE05C" box="[236,293,1878,1902]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[129,194,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[127,1478,145,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-133@4.[127,1478,145,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Nivaliodes and other Pronophilina inferred in IQ-TREE based on target enrichment data and COI." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The topology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC7ED4F1B8CF8B3FD97E05C" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[486,588,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC7ED4F1B8CF8B3FD97E05C" box="[486,588,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shows a fully supported
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC7ED4F1AA7F893FE4DE0BC" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[205,406,1910,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viracocha" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC7ED4F1AA7F893FE4DE0BC" box="[205,406,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nivaliodes viracocha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AAA2AFFC7ED4F1BF7F893FE30E0BF" box="[413,491,1910,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC7ED4F1821F893FD44E0BF" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[587,671,1910,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC7ED4F1821F893FD44E0BF" box="[587,671,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. puriq</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AAA2AFFC7ED4F18CCF893FD2FE0BF" box="[678,756,1910,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC7ED4F1AEAF873FED4E09F" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[128,271,1941,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC7ED4F1AEAF873FED4E09F" box="[128,271,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AAA2AFFC7ED4F1B7DF870FEBDE09E" box="[279,358,1941,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
The latter clade is not entirely resolved, with a monophyletic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC7ED4F1B32F850FE38E0FE" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[344,483,1972,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC7ED4F1B32F850FE38E0FE" box="[344,483,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AAA2AFFC7ED4F1B82F850FDE8E0FE" box="[488,563,1973,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
but a paraphyletic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC7ED4F1898F850FCB5E05C" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[754,878,1879,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC7ED4F1898F850FCB5E05C" box="[754,878,1879,1996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. puriq</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
owing to the position of the sample DLC127. The latter comes from a different locality from the remaining
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC7ED4F1F5CF893FA5DE0BF" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[1334,1414,1910,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC7ED4F1F5CF893FA5DE0BF" box="[1334,1414,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. puriq</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from which only
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC7ED4F19D9F870FB97E09F" box="[947,1100,1941,1965]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
are available now, and only one was sequenced.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF229BCBFFC7ED4F1AEBF90EFED9E00E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[129,194,1771,1795]" targetBox="[266,1345,156,1700]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC7ED4F1AEBF90EFED9E00E" blockId="6.[129,1469,1771,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC7ED4F1AEBF90EFF03E036" bold="true" box="[129,216,1771,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Adults.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC7ED4F1B4FF90EFDDAE031" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[293,513,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC7ED4F1B4FF90EFDDAE031" bold="true" box="[293,513,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nivaliodes negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, male holotype, dorsal, Abra Negrobueno. B, idem, ventral. C, male paratype, dorsal, road Huarac– Huachay. D, idem, ventral. E, female paratype, dorsal, Abra Negrobueno. F, idem, ventral. G, female paratype, dorsal, road Huarac–Huachay. H, idem, ventral.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1AE7FF75FD7EE677" blockId="7.[113,762,144,325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
The divergence of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1B24FF75FE6FE79A" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[334,436,144,168]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1B24FF75FE6FE79A" box="[334,436,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
started in the late Pliocene, ~3 Mya, and continued through the Pleistocene. The split between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1A1BFF2AFF0CE7D5" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[113,215,207,231]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1A1BFF2AFF0CE7D5" box="[113,215,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1B7CFF2AFE69E7D5" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[278,434,207,231]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pherepedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1B7CFF2AFE69E7D5" box="[278,434,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pherepedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occurred at the break of the Miocene and Pliocene some 5 Mya, and was preceded marginally by the separation of the
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1BF7FEE8FDE2E617" box="[413,569,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pherepedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E183DFEE8FD66E617" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[599,701,269,293]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E183DFEE8FD66E617" box="[599,701,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1AC3FEC8FED4E677" box="[169,271,301,325]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1AC3FEC8FED4E677" box="[169,271,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pedaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which occurred some 5.6 Mya (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC6ED4E1836FEC8FD4FE677" box="[604,660,301,325]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,146,1351]" captionTargetId="figure-242@5.[146,1426,143,1355]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Divergence analysis of Nivaliodes inferred in BEAST2." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
515
data/03/F4/7A/03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA.xml
Normal file
515
data/03/F4/7A/03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
|
|||
<document id="F48F4CBFDFBBB529F09CD29688D7F2F5" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae112" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1734031693762" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyrcz, Tomasz, Mahecha-J., Oscar, Boyer, Pierre, Lachowska-Cielik, Dorota, Cerdeña, Jose, Farfán, Jackie, Garlacz, Rafał, Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Bálint, Zsolt, Fåhraeus, Christer, Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S. & Espeland, Marianne" docDate="2024" docId="03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae112.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae112" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nivaliodes negrobueno Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFCD022DFFC1ED491A6AFFE5FFDBE732" masterDocTitle="A snow-dwelling tropical buưerfly? An unprecedented discovery of a new genus of the Pedaliodes clade in an extreme, high-altitude Andean environment (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1734374620714" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods id="E89CE36E79F3F02C6094639C6B3B8227" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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||||
<mods:titleInfo id="49A3E64777AEA6D1E635A819FBFBF4BC">
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<mods:title id="7A2266C0F12BCACF5A639011AF916C23">A snow-dwelling tropical buưerfly? An unprecedented discovery of a new genus of the Pedaliodes clade in an extreme, high-altitude Andean environment (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="ACE09B2DB132046A4FE0943944B14EDF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F0609D9F767F69DED40AD41792B98A39">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A3A16392DC6AFC727516AEABE97CBC44">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="15AA9ED95B9605FECCB4AD0FEF9F95D3">Pyrcz, Tomasz</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="6B38080D7E3FD934EB66B9F4111E8263">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="59D5920991D1A84C7938542A61DEA91E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="042EAD37D5DF3EECA08645A2B271C78A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="478010C466A86D65E0046B82776A3B8E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="16637701E7C2DC9AB143474A0DE1CFC7">Mahecha-J., Oscar</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="1155596E419BD33C894E6428DA178274">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland & Programa Academico de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Matematicas y Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3 No. 26 A - 40, Bogotá, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="69BE004E9AD82E1D193316E6B7458C64" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="CC474F187175A68A0411A36BC2186047">Boyer, Pierre</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="FF259271E2AC0AB64A7F768C5A589139">7 Lotissement l’Horizon, Le Puy Sainte Réparade, France</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="26C25659705F4ED570462ECDFEDD3982" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C240D6ADCA1FD7D0A0F31694AF1871DA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="02D1CDA4E0DC450452ADCFC7A1FD1988">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="D98BDDC641812A59C58E25839E64E8BC">Lachowska-Cielik, Dorota</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="E1280FAD6DC0666FAA846461FA08907C">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="42FD97F3F2946B299215284B34D80A1F" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="AA8B98CBAA388040BB88C1EB786DBD88">
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<mods:roleTerm id="975DBA0ACD8DA0AF9D5BB1379DDE12A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="E13041BE37451515080135B9BE3757F6">Cerdeña, Jose</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="0E88CE7F813D5664144DA07CBC4CA4E4">Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="322DF42772D8157B2712E6CFA8BE8471" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="603EC2988D5B7D8633C7F0435B5AC174">
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="6FD9ADB76187E83810503D871F31A344">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="AA6C64D1BFF544391C28D124D90A46B8">Farfán, Jackie</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="3E46E707C3F95F6FB598B620A21084C2">Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="C5FD89772F081FE9F7AE1C156AE80519" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="FAADB33888E87793042CC34ADD7DB0AD">
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="B334CA77FF2F880CAC955ECC5E37B4E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="A6EB2D310CC9FD30A616A5A4BF78ADC7">Garlacz, Rafał</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="06811760888A1E3893F7079AF47B5ABC">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="E1F807A0D81C76881CC85D2FD3027662" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="7EE28A98AAB44083EE7775B3BD6CE79F">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="366A54ACCD61EE030E0919ACE11C8715">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="2EC138CA60EF43450FA6F2EB8F4A2177">Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="47F7DA56F7A87A76DC20CEFF18AE3479">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="E05EEF80E768CF237938DBF27E95214E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="A8FC88926AD1A23BE243D2763E553501">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="9EB217F702A120705EEF7BF2762EF409">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="610BE613E665F61AEE4DA60CA5108BE5">Bálint, Zsolt</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="8BE633263A0924E84C5A60AE50D42ABB">Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Barros utca 13, 1088 Budapest, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="6D7788CF2C1B8110D0B7569DF0D5421E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="6E3BA3F816A6B4BAE5472C15950A6792">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="C4EAEF2E3AFFE9E01BD51213E4039A76">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="9C85BCB9B6F563E2FA0A283D3463344E">Fåhraeus, Christer</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="A6FD4EF4E038637C6B53DA80B8C5ADB2">Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="332444BA48E3A8E4687822E3EF2AAF52" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="40D32EE14E7CC944CCFF7B2FC74A9BCA">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="BA81EB273AEA55CC82B255513D77DC49">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="EFB6DFFCAD1B841323CC24AC79EBBF36">Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="A80E5C11355DA08BF4AF5DBDDEA3A55D">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="AABE2B9BCFBA15299E2354BBD0328F50" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="62CEECAB2CC737A661898F217021DA02">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="5C77CB1887AE63DF9872EF48F1C61ECB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="B45D13C11E7D203B31921C7DACB9B858">Espeland, Marianne</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="358E7E413FF42B3584FFAD439238633B">Leibniz Institute for the Analysis for Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="CF802356484D5A524A28E497352FCE1C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="417ED577D4D92435B203467C26B8B2B6" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="5533F887EC52888FA851E32403403E31">
|
||||
<mods:title id="C6460481D83FCA260705FB682EA92480">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="01409694F1E8182B171A8C74E811B7BF">
|
||||
<mods:date id="381F5314B385D596127A63DF101FC1D9">2024</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="E759E225F4CEA64A7AB79882B6FAABDD" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="CA3700135814CB3400AEA7CE4940B3CF">2024-10-24</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="69B7F1BD93669FA1696E0281FDB78ED9" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="E574AC7C6F963B8454E686DDF780DB30">202</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="5238A86A0D11576F0B3D41DE6AFE320E" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="0E33A30B3CC990637DD1D405F5CF7F8C">2</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="B7078F9C81C212D0794A01B144778350" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="021591989DF8855F9E374A2312A10247">1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="93C6253E63A2C55C1619DBA58D193EEC">20</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="16C3891DE21BA7E322EEDE721EDDC2CA">
|
||||
<mods:url id="403B12F8EBE47C1E977EDB52BCEC613F">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae112</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="22C5597B61987C3BFF12F608D6B1A0B7">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="2D7E03AAA3B7B3E3BB57CF0F2B2E64D6" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae112</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="79529DEC0BA92466A783233AE549C945" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FD3CE6E4" box="[132,743,443,471]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FD3CE6E4" blockId="7.[113,763,443,569]" box="[132,743,443,471]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FD3CE6E4" bold="true" box="[132,743,443,471]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FD57E6E4" authority="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[132,652,443,471]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FE58E6E5" bold="true" box="[132,387,444,471]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nivaliodes negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
Pyrcz, Fåhraeus & Boyer
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AAA2AFFC6ED4E18FAFE59FD3CE6E4" box="[656,743,444,470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC6ED4E1A1BFE06FEC6E50B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1A1BFE06FEC6E50B" blockId="7.[113,763,443,569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1A1BFE06FDA4E6C9" authority="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[113,639,482,507]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1A1BFE06FE90E6C9" box="[113,331,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nivaliodes negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
Pyrcz, Fåhraeus & Boyer
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: LSIDurn: l s i d z o o b a n k.o r g: a c t:
|
||||
<uuid id="FFFBF196FFC6ED4E1B13FDE7FEC6E50B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B3 9 B4 3 4 7 -5 A E A -4 C 7 8 -8 D 2 A - 5B860ED6E28E</uuid>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC6ED4E1BEDFD87FDE0E305" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1BEDFD87FE3FE549" blockId="7.[391,484,610,635]" box="[391,484,610,635]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1BEDFD87FE3FE549" box="[391,484,610,635]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1A1BFD6DFDE0E305" blockId="7.[113,763,648,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
A large species with a dark brown upperside, most similar to the other two congeners described below,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1B92FD4DFD91E58D" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[504,586,680,703]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1B92FD4DFD91E58D" box="[504,586,680,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. puriq</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is smaller and even darker, blackish brown on the upperside, with more compressed wings, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1B5BFD02FE7CE5CC" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[305,423,742,766]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viracocha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1B5BFD02FE7CE5CC" box="[305,423,742,766]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. viracocha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is lighter on the upperside, with a slightly larger FW white patch.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1B9BFCE0FD17E42F" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[497,716,773,797]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1B9BFCE0FD17E42F" box="[497,716,773,797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nivaliodes negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also shares some common characters with previously described species, in particular
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1B42FCA1FDA6E46E" authority="Kruger, 1924" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1924" box="[296,637,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puracana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1B42FCA1FE35E46E" box="[296,494,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pedaliodes puracana</emphasis>
|
||||
Krüger, 1924
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, namely the whitish costal postdiscal patch, somewhat larger in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1806FC81FD2FE449" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[620,756,867,891]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1806FC81FD2FE449" box="[620,756,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and, in particular, the diagnostic for both species, a whitish median patch in CuA1–CuA2, with the difference that it is rather rounded in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1AE0FC24FE96E4EB" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1924" box="[138,333,961,985]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puracana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1AE0FC24FE96E4EB" box="[138,333,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pedaliodes puracana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
compared with elongated in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1806FC27FD2EE4EB" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[620,757,961,985]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1806FC27FD2EE4EB" box="[620,757,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Besides,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1AA3FC04FE88E4CB" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[201,339,993,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1AA3FC04FE88E4CB" box="[201,339,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is larger than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1B88FC04FD7CE4CA" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1924" box="[482,679,993,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puracana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1B88FC04FD7CE4CA" box="[482,679,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pedaliodes puracana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and has more elongated wings with conspicuous FW milky white and black fringes, all brown in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1B19FBFAFDEFE305" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1924" box="[371,564,1055,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puracana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1B19FBFAFDEFE305" box="[371,564,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pedaliodes puracana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC6ED4E1B77FBBDFA43E482" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1B77FBBDFD95E343" blockId="7.[113,763,1111,1988]" box="[285,590,1111,1137]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1B77FBBDFE19E343" box="[285,450,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description: male</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC6ED4E1BB8FBB2FD98E343" box="[466,579,1111,1137]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[266,1345,156,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-93@6.[225,1377,143,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Adults. Nivaliodes negrobueno. A, male holotype, dorsal, Abra Negrobueno. B, idem, ventral.C, male paratype, dorsal, road Huarac– Huachay. D, idem, ventral. E, female paratype, dorsal, Abra Negrobueno.F, idem, ventral. G, female paratype, dorsal, road Huarac–Huachay.H, idem, ventral." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3A–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1A1BFB98FADBE7F5" blockId="7.[113,763,1111,1988]" lastBlockId="7.[810,1459,144,199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1A1BFB98FF75E3A7" box="[113,174,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Head:</emphasis>
|
||||
Eyes chestnut, hairy, with a milky white collar; palpi two times the length of head, ventrally covered with long, dorsally short, blackish brown hairy scales and laterally with milky white scales; frons with a tuft of long, blackish brown hair; antennae reaching two-fifths the length of costa, slender, dark brown, mostly naked, with a club formed gradually, composed of 11 flagellomeres, flattened dorsoventrally; thorax black, dorsally covered with short and sparse, golden brown hairy scales; mesothoracix legs covered with medium brown and blackish brown scales; FW length (
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E1B11FA72FE2AE29D" box="[379,497,1431,1455]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="27.0">27–28 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, mean.
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E1857FA72FD41E29D" box="[573,666,1431,1455]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="27.4">27.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E18C9FA7DFD6DE29D" box="[675,694,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 18), with a subacute apex and slightly convex outer margin and with long intermittent milky white and black fringes; upperside blackish brown, lustrous, with a small costal patch one-third of the way from distal end of discal cell and apex, spreading over three spaces, costa, R4 + 5–M1, and M1–M2 widening in the middle, and a faint, elongated median patch in CuA1–CuA2, no scent patch; underside dull, blackish brown, with the white costal patch as on the upperside, and the median patch obsolete, sprinkled with white scales in the subapical and apical area. HW oval, with an undulating outer margin and with intermittently grey and whitish fringes, shorter than on the FW; HWD uniform blackish brown, lustrous; HWV ground colour blackish brown, with a heavy whitish ripple pattern covering the entire wing surface without producing any conspicuous pattern except for a very lightly marked, irregular black postdiscal line, edged distally with somewhat denser whitish patch, the unique well-marked pattern is an elongated, white midcostal band extending to vein M2. Abdomen is covered dorsally and laterally with thick black scales and ventrally with chestnut scales.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1940FF09FBE4E6ED" blockId="7.[810,1459,236,479]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1940FF09FC5EE636" box="[810,901,236,260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC6ED4E19FCFF09FC3BE636" box="[918,992,236,260]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[313,1247,161,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-86@9.[296,1275,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Male genitalia in lateral view, with aedeagus extracted in lateral and dorsal view.A, Nivaliodes negrobueno (prep. genit CEP_7679). B, Nivaliodes puriq (prep.genit CEP_10558). C, Nivaliodes viracocha (prep. genit.CEP_10615)." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Tegumen with a flat dorsum; uncus as long as the dorsum of the tegumen, aligned with tegumen, nearly straight, with a blunt tip; subunci approximately one-third the length of uncus, relatively stout; pedunculus short; saccus wide and relatively deep; valvae as long as tegumen + valva, slender, with a humped, smooth dorsum and a subacute apex; aedeagus short, wide, and tubular, compressed and spatulate in the proximal area, with an acute tip.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E19A4FDE5FAD4E52B" blockId="7.[810,1459,511,605]" box="[974,1295,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E19A4FDE5FB58E52B" box="[974,1155,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description: female</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC6ED4E1EF8FE1AFAD8E52B" box="[1170,1283,511,537]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[266,1345,156,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-93@6.[225,1377,143,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Adults. Nivaliodes negrobueno. A, male holotype, dorsal, Abra Negrobueno. B, idem, ventral.C, male paratype, dorsal, road Huarac– Huachay. D, idem, ventral. E, female paratype, dorsal, Abra Negrobueno.F, idem, ventral. G, female paratype, dorsal, road Huarac–Huachay.H, idem, ventral." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3E–H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1940FDC3FB8BE56F" blockId="7.[810,1459,511,605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
FW length
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E19C2FDC0FC29E50F" box="[936,1010,549,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, lighter coloured on both the upper- and underside, otherwise similar.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1940FD9BFABCE421" blockId="7.[810,1459,638,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1940FD9BFC5EE5A4" box="[810,901,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC6ED4E19FEFD9BFC00E5A4" box="[916,987,638,662]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1267,1291]" captionTargetBox="[184,755,146,1228]" captionTargetId="figure-683@10.[149,757,144,1238]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Female genitalia in lateral view.A, Nivaliodes negrobueno (CEP_7680). B. Nivaliodes puriq (CEP_10615). C. Nivaliodes viracocha (prep. genit.CEP_10616)." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Papillae anales prominent, covered with long but sparse hair; postvaginal lamella strongly sclerotized, with a smooth surface, wide, enclosing a spacious antrum; ductus bursae wide, mildly sclerotized, opening into a large, pear-like corpus bursae, with a smooth surface, no apparent signa.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1E28FCD1FB40E47F" blockId="7.[810,1459,820,944]" box="[1090,1179,820,845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1E28FCD1FB40E47F" box="[1090,1179,820,845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Variation</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1940FCBFFA43E482" blockId="7.[810,1459,820,944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">As observed so far, negligible, limited to the slightly variable expression of white elements of wing colour pattern, and the sheen of brown, which might be related to ageing of the individuals.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC6ED4E1E44FC35FABDE2CC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1E44FC35FB74E4DB" blockId="7.[810,1460,975,1101]" box="[1070,1199,975,1001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1E44FC35FB74E4DB" box="[1070,1199,975,1001]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFC6ED4E1E44FC35FB87E4DB" box="[1070,1116,976,1001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
material
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1940FC13FC34E37F" blockId="7.[810,1460,975,1101]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFC6ED4E1940FC13FC30E37F" collectingDate="2021-10-02" collectionCode="MUSA" collectorName="J. Cerdena & J. Farfan" country="Peru" elevation="4715" latitude="-12.148055" location="Abra Negrobueno" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.62278" municipality="Abra Negrobueno" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Lima" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1940FC13FC58E33C" box="[810,899,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFC6ED4E1940FC13FC58E33C" box="[810,899,1014,1038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E19FCFC1CFC6BE33F" box="[918,944,1017,1037]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34A8BD3FFC6ED4E19A0FC13FC27E33C" box="[970,1020,1014,1038]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFC6ED4E1E78FC13FB92E33C" box="[1042,1097,1014,1038]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B865139FFC6ED4E1E0AFC13FAFDE33C" box="[1120,1318,1014,1038]" country="Peru" latitude="-12.148055" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.62278" name="Abra Negrobueno" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Lima">Abra Negrobueno</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E1F57FC13FA74E33C" box="[1341,1455,1012,1038]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="53" value="-12.148055">
|
||||
12°08
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1F13FC11FAA4E33F" box="[1401,1407,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||||
53″S
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E1940FBF0FC73E31F" box="[810,936,1044,1069]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-75.62278">
|
||||
75°37
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E190CFBF1FCB7E31F" box="[870,876,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||||
22″W
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E19D2FBF0FB8BE31F" box="[952,1104,1045,1069]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.715" metricValueMax="4.75" metricValueMin="4.68" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4715.0" valueMax="4750.0" valueMin="4680.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFC6ED4E19D2FBF0FB8BE31F" box="[952,1104,1045,1069]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.715" metricValueMax="4.75" metricValueMin="4.68" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4715.0" valueMax="4750.0" valueMin="4680.0">4680–4750 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFC6ED4E1E0BFBF0FAC9E31F" box="[1121,1298,1045,1069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2021-10-02">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFC6ED4E1E0BFBF0FAC9E31F" box="[1121,1298,1045,1069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2021-10-02">2 October 2021</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFC6ED4E1F48FBF3FA4EE31F" box="[1314,1429,1045,1069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">J. Cerdeña</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFC6ED4E1FCCFBF3FCB0E37F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">J. Farfán</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFC6ED4E19F5FBD0FC30E37F" box="[927,1003,1077,1101]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MUSA</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1940FB8AFABDE2CC" blockId="7.[810,1460,1134,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1940FB8AFC5DE3B4" box="[810,902,1135,1158]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFC6ED4E1940FB8AFC5DE3B4" box="[810,902,1135,1158]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E19FEFB8BFC14E3B7" box="[916,975,1134,1158]" count="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">17 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E1E6DFB8BFB85E3B4" box="[1031,1118,1134,1158]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">three ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
):
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFC6ED4E1E13FB8BFC74E397" collectingDate="2021-10-02" collectionCode="MUSA" collectorName="J. Cerdena & J. Farfan" country="Peru" elevation="4715" latitude="-12.148055" location="Abra Negrobueno" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.62278" municipality="Abra Negrobueno" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Lima" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E1E13FB8BFB1DE3B7" box="[1145,1222,1134,1158]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">One ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
: same data as the holotype,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFC6ED4E190EFB68FC74E397" box="[868,943,1165,1189]" collectionName="MUSA" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MUSA</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFC6ED4E19D6FB6BFA74E3F7" collectingDate="2021-10-02" collectionCode="CEPUJ" collectorName="T. Pyrcz" elevation="4590" location="Road 24, below Abra Negrobueno" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Junin" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E19D6FB6BFBDEE397" box="[956,1029,1166,1189]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">two ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E1E56FB6BFB5FE397" box="[1084,1156,1166,1189]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">one ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFC6ED4E1EFEFB68FB10E397" box="[1172,1227,1165,1189]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Junín</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8E829D98FFC6ED4E1EB2FB68FC73E3F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA:8E829D98FFC6ED4E1EB2FB68FC73E3F7" name="Road 24, below Abra Negrobueno" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Junin">Road 24, below Abra Negrobueno</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E19C5FB49FBE0E3F6" box="[943,1083,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.59" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.58" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4590.0" valueMax="4600.0" valueMin="4580.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFC6ED4E19C5FB49FBE0E3F6" box="[943,1083,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.59" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.58" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4590.0" valueMax="4600.0" valueMin="4580.0">4580–4600 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFC6ED4E1E28FB48FB06E3F7" box="[1090,1245,1197,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2021-10-02">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFC6ED4E1E28FB48FB06E3F7" box="[1090,1245,1197,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2021-10-02">2 October 2021</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFC6ED4E1E8EFB48FAE8E3F7" box="[1252,1331,1197,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T.Pyrcz</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFC6ED4E1F0BFB48FA74E3F7" box="[1377,1455,1197,1221]" collectionName="CEPUJ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CEPUJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFC6ED4E1940FB29FBA1E231" collectorName="P. Boyer" elevation="4600" latitude="-12.147778" location="route 24, Huancayo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.62444" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Junin" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E1940FB29FCABE3D1" box="[810,880,1228,1251]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">two ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFC6ED4E1914FB29FC6EE3D6" box="[894,949,1228,1252]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Junín</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8E829D98FFC6ED4E19D4FB29FB59E3D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA:8E829D98FFC6ED4E19D4FB29FB59E3D6" box="[958,1154,1228,1252]" latitude="-12.147778" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.62444" name="route 24, Huancayo" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Junin">route 24, Huancayo</location>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="9A50D261FFC6ED4E1EF6FB29FAECE3D6" box="[1180,1335,1228,1252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cañete km 222</locationDeviation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E1F2BFB29FA6BE3D6" box="[1345,1456,1226,1252]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-12.147778">
|
||||
12°08
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1F11FB2FFA5AE3D1" box="[1403,1409,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||||
52″S
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E1940FB0EFC7FE231" box="[810,932,1258,1283]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-75.62444">
|
||||
75°37
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E190EFB0FFCB1E231" box="[868,874,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||||
28″W
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E19C1FB0EFC23E231" box="[939,1016,1259,1283]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4600.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFC6ED4E19C1FB0EFC23E231" box="[939,1016,1259,1283]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4600.0">4600 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFC6ED4E1E6AFB09FB8BE236" box="[1024,1104,1260,1284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. Boyer</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFC6ED4E1EEBFB0EFC0CE270" collectingDate="2022-02-01" collectingDateMax="2022-02-28" collectingDateMin="2022-02-01" collectorName="C. Fahraeus" elevation="4541" latitude="-12.122" location="Abra Negrobueno" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.6233" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Lima" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E1EEBFB0EFB13E231" box="[1153,1224,1259,1283]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">four ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E1E9CFB09FAE1E231" box="[1270,1338,1260,1283]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">one ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFC6ED4E1F2FFB0EFAA0E231" box="[1349,1403,1259,1283]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8E829D98FFC6ED4E1FE8FB0EFC73E211" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA:8E829D98FFC6ED4E1FE8FB0EFC73E211" country="Peru" latitude="-12.122" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.6233" name="Abra Negrobueno" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Lima">Abra Negrobueno</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E19D8FAEEFBCFE211" box="[946,1044,1291,1315]" degrees="12.1220" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="5" value="-12.122">−12.1220</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E1E77FAEFFBA5E210" box="[1053,1150,1290,1314]" degrees="75.6233" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="5" value="-75.6233">−75.6233</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E1EE2FAEFFB0CE210" box="[1160,1239,1290,1314]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.541" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4541.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFC6ED4E1EE2FAEFFB0CE210" box="[1160,1239,1290,1314]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.541" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4541.0">4541 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFC6ED4E1E8BFAEEFA6BE211" box="[1249,1456,1291,1315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2022-02-01" valueMax="2022-02-28" valueMin="2022-02-01">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFC6ED4E1E8BFAEEFA6BE211" box="[1249,1456,1291,1315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2022-02-01" valueMax="2022-02-28" valueMin="2022-02-01">1–28 February 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, local/
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFC6ED4E190DFACFFC0CE270" box="[871,983,1322,1346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. Fåhraeus</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFC6ED4E19B5FACFFC02E2B3" collectingDate="2021-11-08" collectionCode="FILS" collectorName="C. Fahraeus" elevation="4630" latitude="-12.122" location="Abra Negrobueno" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.6233" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Lima" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E19B5FACFFBF9E273" box="[991,1058,1322,1345]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">one ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFC6ED4E1E44FACFFBBFE270" box="[1070,1124,1322,1346]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8E829D98FFC6ED4E1E06FACFFAC4E270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA:8E829D98FFC6ED4E1E06FACFFAC4E270" box="[1132,1311,1322,1346]" country="Peru" latitude="-12.122" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.6233" name="Abra Negrobueno" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Lima">Abra Negrobueno</location>
|
||||
vic.,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E1F24FACFFA6BE270" box="[1358,1456,1322,1346]" degrees="12.1220" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="5" value="-12.122">−12.1220</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E1940FAACFC50E253" box="[810,907,1353,1377]" degrees="75.6233" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="5" value="-75.6233">−75.6233</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E19FCFAACFC3EE253" box="[918,997,1353,1377]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.63" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4630.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFC6ED4E19FCFAACFC3EE253" box="[918,997,1353,1377]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.63" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4630.0">4630 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFC6ED4E199AFAACFB72E253" box="[1008,1193,1353,1377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2021-11-08">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFC6ED4E199AFAACFB72E253" box="[1008,1193,1353,1377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2021-11-08">8 November 2021</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFC6ED4E1EDEFAACFAFDE253" box="[1204,1318,1353,1377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. Fåhraeus</collectorName>
|
||||
and local collectors leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFC6ED4E19C9FA8CFC02E2B3" box="[931,985,1385,1409]" collectionName="FILS" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FILS</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFC6ED4E198FFA8CFC2DE28D" collectingDate="2021-09-28" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="J. Cerdena & J. Farfan" elevation="4600" latitude="-13.088611" location="Seclla - Lircay" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.57361" municipality="Seclla - Lircay" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E198FFA8CFBEAE2B2" box="[997,1073,1385,1409]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">four ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
: HV, ruta
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B865139FFC6ED4E1ECAFA8CFAEDE2B3" box="[1184,1334,1385,1409]" country="Peru" latitude="-13.088611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.57361" name="Seclla - Lircay" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Lima">Seclla – Lircay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E1F2BFA8DFA6BE2B2" box="[1345,1456,1383,1408]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-13.088611">
|
||||
13°05
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1F11FA82FA5AE2B2" box="[1403,1409,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||||
19″S
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E1940FA6DFC78E2AD" box="[810,931,1414,1440]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-75.57361">
|
||||
75°34
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E190EFA63FCB1E2AD" box="[868,874,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||||
25″W
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E19DBFA6DFB98E2AD" box="[945,1091,1416,1440]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="4.65" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4600.0" valueMax="4650.0" valueMin="4550.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFC6ED4E19DBFA6DFB98E2AD" box="[945,1091,1416,1440]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="4.65" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4600.0" valueMax="4650.0" valueMin="4550.0">4550–4650 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFC6ED4E1E3BFA6DFAC5E292" box="[1105,1310,1416,1440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2021-09-28">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFC6ED4E1E3BFA6DFAC5E292" box="[1105,1310,1416,1440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2021-09-28">28 September 2021</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFC6ED4E1F41FA6DFA42E292" box="[1323,1433,1416,1440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">J. Cerdeña</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFC6ED4E1FCCFA6DFCB2E28D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">J. Farfán</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFC6ED4E19CFFA42FC2DE28D" box="[933,1014,1447,1471]" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFC6ED4E1E69FA4DFC1FE2CF" collectingDate="2021-09-27" collectionCode="PBF" collectorName="P. Boyer" elevation="4555" location="route 26 B pk 112" longitude="-74.57389" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Huancavelica" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E1E69FA4DFB96E28D" box="[1027,1101,1448,1471]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">one ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFC6ED4E1E35FA42FB3EE28D" box="[1119,1253,1447,1471]" country="Peru" name="Huancavelica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Huancavelica</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8E829D98FFC6ED4E1E99FA4DFA74E28D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC6ED4E1AEEFE59FB05E0FA:8E829D98FFC6ED4E1E99FA4DFA74E28D" box="[1267,1455,1447,1471]" longitude="-74.57389" name="route 26 B pk 112" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Huancavelica">route 26B pk 112</location>
|
||||
, −
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E1953FA23FC77E2EC" box="[825,940,1477,1502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
13°05
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1919FA20FCA5E2EC" box="[883,894,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ʹʹ</emphasis>
|
||||
20″S
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, −
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFC6ED4E19A8FA22FBE7E2EC" box="[962,1084,1477,1503]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-74.57389">
|
||||
74°34
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1997FA20FBD8E2EC" box="[1021,1027,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||||
26″W
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFC6ED4E1E2EFA22FADEE2ED" box="[1092,1285,1479,1503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2021-09-27">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFC6ED4E1E2EFA22FADEE2ED" box="[1092,1285,1479,1503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2021-09-27">27 September 2021</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E1F67FA23FA41E2EC" box="[1293,1434,1478,1502]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.555" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.51" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4555.0" valueMax="4600.0" valueMin="4510.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFC6ED4E1F67FA23FA41E2EC" box="[1293,1434,1478,1502]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.555" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.51" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4555.0" valueMax="4600.0" valueMin="4510.0">4510–4600 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFC6ED4E1FC8FA22FCBEE2CC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. Boyer</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFC6ED4E19FFFA03FC1FE2CF" box="[917,964,1510,1533]" collectionName="PBF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PBF</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFC6ED4E19A7FA03FAB9E2CC" box="[973,1378,1510,1534]" collectingDate="2021-09-27" collectionCode="CEPUJ" collectorName="T. Pyrcz" elevation="4555" location="route 26 B pk 112" longitude="-74.57389" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Huancavelica" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFC6ED4E19A7FA03FBC5E2CF" box="[973,1054,1510,1534]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">three ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
: same data,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFC6ED4E1EFFFA03FB3DE2CC" box="[1173,1254,1510,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. Pyrcz</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFC6ED4E1F7CFA03FAB9E2CC" box="[1302,1378,1510,1534]" collectionName="CEPUJ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CEPUJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC6ED4E1E56F9F3FA6FE146" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1E56F9F3FB79E102" blockId="7.[1084,1186,1558,1584]" box="[1084,1186,1558,1584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1E56F9F3FB79E102" box="[1084,1186,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1940F9D8FA6FE146" blockId="7.[810,1460,1597,1652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
This species is named after its
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFC6ED4E1E10F9D8FB7CE167" box="[1146,1191,1597,1621]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality, the Abra (Pass) Negrobueno on the border of the departments of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFC6ED4E1F7EF9B9FA6BE146" box="[1300,1456,1628,1652]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Junín and Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC6ED4E1E5FF96AFB05E0FA" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1E5FF96AFB73E19B" blockId="7.[810,1459,1679,1992]" box="[1077,1192,1679,1705]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1E5FF96AFB73E19B" box="[1077,1192,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC6ED4E1940F950FB05E0FA" blockId="7.[810,1459,1679,1992]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC6ED4E1940F950FBD1E1FF" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,1034,1717,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC6ED4E1940F950FBD1E1FF" box="[810,1034,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nivaliodes negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was registered from two localities, the Abra Negrobueno on the border of the departments of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFC6ED4E1F16F930FA68E1DF" box="[1404,1459,1749,1773]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Junín</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFC6ED4E193CF911FC56E03E" box="[854,909,1780,1804]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, at
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E19C5F911FB9BE039" box="[943,1088,1780,1804]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.715" metricValueMax="4.75" metricValueMin="4.68" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4715.0" valueMax="4750.0" valueMin="4680.0">4680–4750 m</quantity>
|
||||
, and above the settlement of Huarac Huachay in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFC6ED4E19C0F8F6FBCBE019" box="[938,1040,1811,1835]" country="Peru" name="Ayacucho" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ayacucho</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, at
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E1E52F8F6FB16E019" box="[1080,1229,1811,1835]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="4.65" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4600.0" valueMax="4650.0" valueMin="4550.0">4550–4650 m</quantity>
|
||||
, the two places being
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E1940F8D7FCA3E079" box="[810,888,1842,1867]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="150.0">150 km</quantity>
|
||||
away (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC6ED4E19AAF8D6FBDDE079" box="[960,1030,1843,1867]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,143,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-145@14.[129,1473,143,1666]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Map of central Peruvian Andes with known localities of three species of Nivaliodes." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is almost certain that the entire distribution of this species is wider and covers most of the high puna, at
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFC6ED4E192EF894FC03E0BB" box="[836,984,1905,1929]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="4750.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="4500.0">4500–5000 m</quantity>
|
||||
, the rocky escarpments of central
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34A8BD3FFC6ED4E1F54F897FAAAE0BB" box="[1342,1393,1906,1929]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. It occurs in open, rocky, windswept puna covered with sparse vegetation dominated by bunch grasses (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFC6ED4E1EE3F855FB15E0FA" box="[1161,1230,1968,1992]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[264,1308,156,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-71@15.[252,1319,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Habitat of Nivaliodes negrobueno. A, view from Abra Negrobueno at 4750 m. B, Lake Cuncancocha below Abra Negrobueno, 4500 m. C, rocks with Senecio sp.D, Jose Cerdeña on the steep slope where some individuals of N. negrobueno were observed.E, Pierre Boyer pointing to the place where the first individual of N. negrobueno was collected. F, butterfly net ring trace on the snow. G, Stipa (Pappostipa) sp. bunch grasses. H, Stipa (Pappostipa) sp. shortly after a snow fall." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
503
data/03/F4/7A/03F47A55FFC9ED441AD2F8B3FE00E123.xml
Normal file
503
data/03/F4/7A/03F47A55FFC9ED441AD2F8B3FE00E123.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
|
|||
<document id="B0D69CE57C1DCE068A376CE2AEEDD151" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae112" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1734031693762" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyrcz, Tomasz, Mahecha-J., Oscar, Boyer, Pierre, Lachowska-Cielik, Dorota, Cerdeña, Jose, Farfán, Jackie, Garlacz, Rafał, Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Bálint, Zsolt, Fåhraeus, Christer, Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S. & Espeland, Marianne" docDate="2024" docId="03F47A55FFC9ED441AD2F8B3FE00E123" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae112.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae112" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nivaliodes puriq Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFCD022DFFC1ED491A6AFFE5FFDBE732" masterDocTitle="A snow-dwelling tropical buưerfly? An unprecedented discovery of a new genus of the Pedaliodes clade in an extreme, high-altitude Andean environment (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1734374620714" updateUser="felipe">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="DDAC1D8E2C23F5B586239918717C24B0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="AD34AF89EEE732BBF68C89BD2715B908">
|
||||
<mods:title id="1DBC24721DDEAC7AAEE0D981B7A39DC1">A snow-dwelling tropical buưerfly? An unprecedented discovery of a new genus of the Pedaliodes clade in an extreme, high-altitude Andean environment (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="0FA687CC20FD08E850A6CBDEE74D9049" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="E1FE27E124C26B60CAEC39F0B85F9B0B">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="07623B2889FC1415504C335F0E29D3A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="B7834470BBFD180D10278FBDB1B4FA10">Pyrcz, Tomasz</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="428DD81D02A2A5EE196FAD67E3FA18EA">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="6130852C8566A0347FFAC7F357573E9B">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland & Programa Academico de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Matematicas y Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3 No. 26 A - 40, Bogotá, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="B1045B0C7547E05B8FDF6B41585C02B3">7 Lotissement l’Horizon, Le Puy Sainte Réparade, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E4E1936E183C705DB8841F8DFED599D8">Lachowska-Cielik, Dorota</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BBE2AF96196B341F57788E8669A4C9E5">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E74D2ECC301A51833445ED3721771467">Cerdeña, Jose</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2D0CE16C3F8F8A5BE067FB205350C9A">Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F706155CE29798BD9F52C29E0AC2D1A0">Farfán, Jackie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="236A92A3CAE8DD4C3617C8D251E1A051">Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9F1A3209A9F5FC05DF4F9234EC3D708E">Garlacz, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B5A8DEC33CB9CC4264DAF4356C109C55">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CF4B4E34424A6051641FC2D8ECAED678">Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="56359B9B5CFD7C10B906A5D3B5B83C13">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BFBCD5348EBFD7825D8DE751F834B202">Bálint, Zsolt</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="9577ED38531ECE5814392382A36B9673">Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Barros utca 13, 1088 Budapest, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="F6FABBD08DCA1CB661721DFBEEBE6EFA">Fåhraeus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8FF1719F7C12495EBA0AD0E4A6C77EE2">Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="33D0EF7B22150D8C928DB69F7628308A">Zając-Garlacz, Kamila S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="28BAE5C07DA7AB35B021573328B76A16">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="10BDD04543DAF03570758F8A27758CB5">Espeland, Marianne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB15517990B5CE959B102C490043BDA2">Leibniz Institute for the Analysis for Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B63D74CC7F7591D9A024F823B2397BFB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B31F9FD2A4D22F4F7950364268D9F164">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0C7CEB2E7565DAB7EBD0EF7E74E686DD">
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<mods:date id="DFE01FED15532FE0E21E4740051FC653">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E60667BC6501EB21ECEE62850072DF98">2024-10-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BC417ECDEF1995F8AE353B8C089DD05D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="74963AC82B4200C4E2119E55A5A732CC">202</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="2B7AB43E83F115E66CF3DB135BA3F9CF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="645AB7E865EE2205D5023C383B013B83">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="34A6880D18E2E3CFE6CB9865372D4E73" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="FEF889A38D98FF98DB6455949707ECEF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C4FBA309D4E2DAA97FBEF5FD207385FE">20</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="7B104151907CC36145472A3FE244989C">
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<mods:url id="74E2D072D555147954286FDACA3A1350">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae112</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F655F1E7A513B30AAFB1760486EC373B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="76B85F7F2547D8620A6A721E8F61C086" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03F47A55FFC9ED441AD2F8B3FE00E123" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC9ED441AD2F8B3FE00E123" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F47A55FFC9ED441AD2F8B3FE00E123" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC9ED411AD2F8B3FD09E043" box="[184,722,1878,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC9ED411AD2F8B3FD09E043" blockId="8.[129,778,1878,1972]" box="[184,722,1878,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC9ED411AD2F8B3FD09E043" bold="true" box="[184,722,1878,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC9ED411AD2F8B3FDADE042" authority="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityYear="2024" box="[184,630,1878,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC9ED411AD2F8B3FEA9E042" bold="true" box="[184,370,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nivaliodes puriq</emphasis>
|
||||
Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdeña
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AAA2AFFC9ED411811F8B2FD09E043" box="[635,722,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC9ED411AEBF898FD6FE086" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC9ED411AEBF898FD6FE086" blockId="8.[129,778,1878,1972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC9ED411AEBF898FEFBE0A7" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityYear="2024" box="[129,288,1917,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC9ED411AEBF898FEFBE0A7" box="[129,288,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nivaliodes puriq</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
P yrcz,Boyer&Cerdeña:LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank. org:act:
|
||||
<uuid id="FFFBF196FFC9ED411AA0F879FD6FE086" box="[202,692,1948,1972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21C2C99B-BEE4-4B04-A086-9B056763E1FB</uuid>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFC9ED401E25F8B2FC67E084" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC9ED411E25F8B2FB77E042" blockId="8.[1103,1196,1879,1904]" box="[1103,1196,1879,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC9ED411E25F8B2FB77E042" box="[1103,1196,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC9ED401953F898FC67E084" blockId="8.[825,1474,1917,1973]" lastBlockId="9.[810,1459,1857,1975]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
A medium-sized species, externally most similar to its two congeners, from which it differs by the smaller size, being more compact (less elongated) and even darker, with almost black ground colour. Additionally, the FWD whitish costal patch is slightly smaller, with a straight inner edge, produced in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC8ED401889F865FF3BE085" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC8ED401889F865FF3BE085" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and on the HWV the whitish costal patch is very small and narrow, not extending along the postdiscal line as much as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC8ED4019F6F884FBFCE04A" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[924,1063,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC8ED4019F6F884FBFCE04A" box="[924,1063,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; also, there are no traces of any reddish or rufous markings on the HWV as found in some specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC8ED401940F845FC6DE085" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,950,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC8ED401940F845FC6DE085" box="[810,950,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DF229BCBFFC8ED401A1BF908FBCEE013" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[113,178,1773,1797]" targetBox="[313,1247,161,1710]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFC8ED401A1BF908FBCEE013" blockId="9.[113,1443,1773,1825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC8ED401A1BF908FF12E037" bold="true" box="[113,201,1773,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Male genitalia in lateral view, with aedeagus extracted in lateral and dorsal view. A,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC8ED4019BEF908FB6BE037" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[980,1200,1773,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC8ED4019BEF908FB6BE037" bold="true" box="[980,1200,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nivaliodes negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(prep. genit CEP_7679). B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC8ED401AE3F8ECFEF1E013" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityYear="2024" box="[137,298,1801,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC8ED401AE3F8ECFEF1E013" bold="true" box="[137,298,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nivaliodes puriq</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(prep. genit CEP_10558). C,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFC8ED401822F8ECFCCAE013" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[584,785,1801,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viracocha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFC8ED401822F8ECFCCAE013" bold="true" box="[584,785,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nivaliodes viracocha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(prep. genit. CEP_10615).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF229BCBFFCBED431AEBFB16FE38E271" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[129,194,1267,1291]" targetBox="[184,755,146,1228]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431AEBFB16FE38E271" blockId="10.[129,764,1267,1347]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431AEBFB16FF03E239" bold="true" box="[129,216,1267,1291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Female genitalia in lateral view. A,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCBED43184AFB16FD27E239" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[544,764,1267,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED43184AFB16FD27E239" bold="true" box="[544,764,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nivaliodes negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(CEP_7680). B.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCBED431B4BFAEAFE19E215" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityYear="2024" box="[289,450,1295,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431B4BFAEAFE19E215" bold="true" box="[289,450,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nivaliodes puriq</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(CEP_10615). C.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCBED43181CFAEAFF04E271" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viracocha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED43181CFAEAFF04E271" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nivaliodes viracocha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(prep. genit. CEP_10616).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFCBED431B45FA64FB64E229" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431B45FA64FD80E2A8" blockId="10.[129,780,1408,2003]" box="[303,603,1408,1435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431B45FA64FE08E2A8" box="[303,467,1408,1434]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description: male</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFCBED431B8FFA65FD94E2A9" box="[485,591,1408,1435]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[267,1339,157,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-48@8.[225,1377,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Adults. A–D, Nivaliodes puriq. A, male holotype, dorsal, Trancapampa. B, idem, ventral (Trancapampa).C, female paratype, dorsal, Trancapampa. D, idem, ventral. E–H, Nivaliodes viracocha. E, male holotype, dorsal, Viracochan.F, idem, ventral. G, female paratype, dorsal, Viracochan. H, idem, ventral." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431AEBFA42FB76E6D3" blockId="10.[129,780,1408,2003]" lastBlockId="10.[825,1475,144,481]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431AEBFA42FF66E28D" box="[129,189,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Head:</emphasis>
|
||||
Eyes blackish brown, covered with dense and medium long hair, with a milky white collar; palpi two times the length of head, covered with long, dorsally short blackish brown hairy scales, with a lateral row of milky white scales; frons with a tuft of blackish brown hair; antennae reaching two-fifths the length of costa, slender, dark brown, mostly naked, with a club formed gradually, composed of 11 flagellomeres, flattened dorsoventrally; thorax black, dorsally covered with short and sparse, golden brown hairy scales; mesothoracic legs covered with brown and blackish brown scales; FW length (
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED431BFBF924FDDCE1EA" box="[401,519,1729,1753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="21.0">21–23 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, mean:
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED43183CF925FD6FE1EA" box="[598,692,1728,1752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="22.5">22.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED4318D5F924FD09E1EA" box="[703,722,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 3), with a subacute apex and slightly convex outer margin, and with long intermittent milky white and black fringes; upperside brown and blackish brown, a shade darker in median half, lustrous, with a small white costal patch one-third of the way from distal end of discal cell and apex, spreading over three spaces, costa, R4 + 5– M1, and M1–M2, widening in the middle, with a straight inner margin, no scent patch; underside dull, blackish brown, with the white costal patch as on the upperside, sprinkled with white scales in the subapical and apical area, and a row of four to five minute white submarginal dots from costa to cell M3–CuA1. HW rounded, with an undulating outer margin and with intermittently grey and milky white fringes; HWD uniform blackish brown, lustrous, hairy in median half; HWV ground colour greyish brown, with a heavy whitish and black ripple pattern covering the entire wing surface without producing any conspicuous pattern except for a very lightly marked, irregular black postdiscal line; the unique well-marked pattern is a short midcostal whitish streak. Abdomen is covered dorsally and laterally with thick black scales and ventrally with dark brown scales.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431953FDE6FAD6E5C4" blockId="10.[825,1474,514,758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431953FDE6FC4FE529" box="[825,916,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFCBED4319CFFDE6FC37E528" box="[933,1004,514,539]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[313,1247,161,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-86@9.[296,1275,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Male genitalia in lateral view, with aedeagus extracted in lateral and dorsal view.A, Nivaliodes negrobueno (prep. genit CEP_7679). B, Nivaliodes puriq (prep.genit CEP_10558). C, Nivaliodes viracocha (prep. genit.CEP_10615)." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Tegumen with a flat dorsum; uncus as long as the dorsum of tegumen, aligned with tegumen, nearly straight, with a blunt tip; subunci approximately half the length of uncus, stout; pedunculus short, with a sharp extremity curved downwards; saccus wide and deep; valvae as long as tegumen + valva, slender, with a moderately humped, slightly irregular dorsum and a subacute apex; aedeagus short, wide, and tubular, about the same length throughout, with an acute tip.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED4319B4FCF3FAC6E402" blockId="10.[825,1474,789,883]" box="[990,1309,789,816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED4319B4FCF3FB48E41D" box="[990,1171,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description: female</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFCBED431EC8FCF0FACAE402" box="[1186,1297,789,816]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[267,1339,157,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-48@8.[225,1377,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Adults. A–D, Nivaliodes puriq. A, male holotype, dorsal, Trancapampa. B, idem, ventral (Trancapampa).C, female paratype, dorsal, Trancapampa. D, idem, ventral. E–H, Nivaliodes viracocha. E, male holotype, dorsal, Viracochan.F, idem, ventral. G, female paratype, dorsal, Viracochan. H, idem, ventral." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431953FCD9FB50E441" blockId="10.[825,1474,789,883]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
FW length
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED4319C7FCD9FC2DE461" box="[941,1014,828,852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431E6CFCD8FBC2E466" box="[1030,1049,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 2), lighter coloured on both the upper- and underside, otherwise similar.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431953FC70FB71E37B" blockId="10.[825,1474,917,1097]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431953FC70FC4FE49F" box="[825,916,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFCBED4319CDFC70FC2AE49F" box="[935,1009,917,941]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1267,1291]" captionTargetBox="[184,755,146,1228]" captionTargetId="figure-683@10.[149,757,144,1238]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Female genitalia in lateral view.A, Nivaliodes negrobueno (CEP_7680). B. Nivaliodes puriq (CEP_10615). C. Nivaliodes viracocha (prep. genit.CEP_10616)." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCBED431EE8FC70FACAE49F" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[1154,1297,917,941]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431EE8FC70FACAE49F" box="[1154,1297,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with prominent papillae anales, covered with long but rather sparse hair; strongly sclerotized postvaginal lamella with a smooth surface, wide, enclosing a spacious antrum; short, mildly sclerotized, wide ductus burse, opening into a large, pear-like corpus bursae, with a smooth surface, no apparent signa.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431E3BFB8FFB71E3B1" blockId="10.[825,1474,1130,1254]" box="[1105,1194,1130,1155]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431E3BFB8FFB71E3B1" box="[1105,1194,1130,1155]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Variation</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431953FB6AFB3EE3D4" blockId="10.[825,1474,1130,1254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Individual variation is negligible and affects mostly the size of the FWD postdiscal white patch; individuals from Puente Carrizales are characterized by a slightly larger patch.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431E57FAE7FB64E229" blockId="10.[825,1474,1281,1437]" box="[1085,1215,1281,1307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431E57FAE7FB64E229" box="[1085,1215,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFCBED431E57FAE7FBB0E229" box="[1085,1131,1282,1307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
material
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFCBED431953FAC2FA18E002" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431953FAC2FC73E2AF" blockId="10.[825,1474,1281,1437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFCBED431953FAC2FC7FE2AF" collectingDate="2021-09-29" collectionCode="CEPUJ, MUSM" collectorName="P. Boyer" country="Peru" elevation="3220" latitude="-12.046667" location="Trancapampa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.91805" municipality="Est de Huari" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Huancavelica" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431953FAC2FC49E20D" box="[825,914,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFCBED431953FAC2FC49E20D" box="[825,914,1319,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFCBED4319F7FACFFC6CE20C" box="[925,951,1322,1342]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34A8BD3FFCBED4319A3FAC2FC20E20D" box="[969,1019,1319,1343]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFCBED431E60FAC2FB4EE20D" box="[1034,1173,1319,1343]" country="Peru" name="Huancavelica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Huancavelica</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B865139FFCBED431EC9FACDFAEBE20D" box="[1187,1328,1319,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Est de Huari</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED431F54FAC2FAAAE20D" box="[1342,1393,1319,1343]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="4.0">
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="9A50D261FFCBED431F54FAC2FAAAE20D" box="[1342,1393,1319,1343]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</locationDeviation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
east of
|
||||
<location id="8E829D98FFCBED431953FAA2FC1DE26C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC9ED441AD2F8B3FE00E123:8E829D98FFCBED431953FAA2FC1DE26C" box="[825,966,1351,1374]" country="Peru" latitude="-12.046667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.91805" municipality="Est de Huari" name="Trancapampa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Huancavelica">Trancapampa</location>
|
||||
, HV109, PK26,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFCBED431E15FAA2FB2AE26C" box="[1151,1265,1349,1375]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-12.046667">
|
||||
12°02
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431ED1FAA0FB1AE26C" box="[1211,1217,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||||
48″S
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFCBED431F6BFAA3FAA4E26C" box="[1281,1407,1349,1374]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-74.91805">
|
||||
74°55
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431F57FAA0FA98E26C" box="[1341,1347,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||||
05″W
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED431FE4FAA2FC94E24F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.22" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3220.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFCBED431FE4FAA2FC94E24F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.22" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3220.0">3220 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFCBED431936FA83FBF0E24C" box="[860,1067,1382,1406]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2021-09-29">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFCBED431936FA83FBF0E24C" box="[860,1067,1382,1406]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2021-09-29">29 September 2021</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFCBED431E5DFA83FB56E24C" box="[1079,1165,1382,1406]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. Boyer</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFCBED431EACFA83FAC8E24C" box="[1222,1299,1382,1406]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CEPUJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
, to be deposited in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFCBED431939FA60FC7FE2AF" box="[851,932,1413,1437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431953FA20FADBE1AB" blockId="10.[825,1474,1477,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431953FA20FC43E2EE" box="[825,920,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFCBED431953FA20FC43E2EE" box="[825,920,1477,1500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFCBED4319C2FA20FC3DE2EE" box="[936,998,1477,1501]" count="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">10 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFCBED431E71FA20FBB8E2EE" box="[1051,1123,1477,1500]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">two ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
):
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFCBED431E17FA20FC69E2C9" collectingDate="2021-09-29" collectionCode="PBF" collectorName="P. Boyer" country="Peru" elevation="3220" latitude="-12.046667" location="Trancapampa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.91805" municipality="Est de Huari" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Huancavelica" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFCBED431E17FA20FB16E2EE" box="[1149,1229,1477,1500]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">Two ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
, same data as the holotype [
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFCBED43191EFA01FC70E2C9" box="[884,939,1508,1531]" collectionName="PBF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PBF</collectionCode>
|
||||
]
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFCBED4319D6FA01FA65E129" collectingDate="2021-09-30" collectingDateMax="2021-10-01" collectingDateMin="2021-09-29" collectionCode="CEPUJ" collectorName="T. Pyrcz" elevation="3100" location="Trancapampa" municipality="Trancapampa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Huancavelica" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFCBED4319D6FA01FBC9E2C9" box="[956,1042,1508,1532]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">three ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFCBED431E4AFA01FB70E2CE" box="[1056,1195,1508,1532]" country="Peru" name="Huancavelica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Huancavelica</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B865139FFCBED431EDFFA01FA99E2C9" box="[1205,1346,1508,1531]" country="Peru" name="Trancapampa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Huancavelica">Trancapampa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED431F26FA01FC94E129" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3100.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="3000.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFCBED431F26FA01FC94E129" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3100.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000–3200 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFCBED431937F9E6FB14E129" box="[861,1231,1539,1563]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFCBED431937F9E6FB4BE129" box="[861,1168,1539,1563]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1929-09-30" valueMax="1929-10-01" valueMin="1929-09-30">29–30 September–1 October</date>
|
||||
2021
|
||||
</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFCBED431EB6F9E1FAE8E12E" box="[1244,1331,1540,1564]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. Pyrcz</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFCBED431F04F9E6FA65E129" box="[1390,1470,1539,1563]" collectionName="CEPUJ" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CEPUJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFCBED431953F9C6FAEEE168" collectingDate="2021-09-30" collectingDateMax="2021-10-01" collectingDateMin="2021-09-29" collectionCode="CEPUJ" collectorName="T. Pyrcz" elevation="4200" location="Trancapampa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Huancavelica" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFCBED431953F9C6FC5DE108" box="[825,902,1571,1594]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">one ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFCBED4319F0F9C6FBFEE109" box="[922,1061,1571,1595]" country="Peru" name="Huancavelica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Huancavelica</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, above
|
||||
<location id="8E829D98FFCBED431E17F9C6FAD1E108" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC9ED441AD2F8B3FE00E123:8E829D98FFCBED431E17F9C6FAD1E108" box="[1149,1290,1571,1594]" country="Peru" name="Trancapampa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Huancavelica">Trancapampa</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED431F70F9C6FAABE108" box="[1306,1392,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="4200.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFCBED431F70F9C6FAABE108" box="[1306,1392,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="4200.0">4200 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFCBED431FEAF9C6FB83E168" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFCBED431FEAF9C6FBC6E168" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1929-09-30" valueMax="1929-10-01" valueMin="1929-09-30">29–30 September–1 October</date>
|
||||
2021
|
||||
</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFCBED431E0AF9A7FB68E168" box="[1120,1203,1602,1626]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. Pyrcz</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFCBED431E8FF9A7FAEEE168" box="[1253,1333,1602,1626]" collectionName="CEPUJ" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CEPUJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFCBED431F57F9A7FB20E1AB" collectingDate="2021-09-30" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="J. Cerdena" elevation="3200" location="Huancayo" municipality="Trancapampa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFCBED431F57F9A7FA4BE16B" box="[1341,1424,1602,1626]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">three ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
: HV [uancavelica],
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B865139FFCBED4319A4F987FB80E14B" box="[974,1115,1634,1657]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Trancapampa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED431E0CF984FB72E14B" box="[1126,1193,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="30.0">
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="9A50D261FFCBED431E0CF984FB72E14B" box="[1126,1193,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</locationDeviation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
east of
|
||||
<location id="8E829D98FFCBED431E93F987FAB9E148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC9ED441AD2F8B3FE00E123:8E829D98FFCBED431E93F987FAB9E148" box="[1273,1378,1634,1658]" country="Peru" municipality="Trancapampa" name="Huancayo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Huancavelica">Huancayo</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED431F07F984FA65E14B" box="[1389,1470,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3200.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFCBED431F07F984FA65E14B" box="[1389,1470,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFCBED431951F964FBDEE1AB" box="[827,1029,1665,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2021-09-30">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFCBED431951F964FBDEE1AB" box="[827,1029,1665,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2021-09-30">30 September 2021</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFCBED431E67F964FBACE1AB" box="[1037,1143,1665,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">J. Cerdeña</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFCBED431EC0F964FB20E1AB" box="[1194,1275,1665,1689]" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431953F95FFA18E002" blockId="10.[825,1475,1722,1840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431953F95FFC2CE1E0" box="[825,1015,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Additional material:</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFCBED431997F95FFAEFE022" collectingDate="2009-10-15" collectionCode="PBF" collectorName="P. Boyer" country="Peru" county="Puente Carrizales" elevation="3375" latitude="-11.4867" location="Concepcion" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-74.8859" municipality="Route Satipo-Mariposa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Junin">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFCBED431997F95FFB92E1E3" box="[1021,1097,1722,1746]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">One ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34A8BD3FFCBED431E3FF95FFB5EE1E0" box="[1109,1157,1722,1746]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFCBED431EE4F95FFB1FE1E0" box="[1166,1220,1722,1746]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Junín</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="6283B3CFFFCBED431EA4F95FFAA7E1E0" box="[1230,1404,1722,1746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Puente Carrizales</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B865139FFCBED431FEFF95FFC07E1C3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Route Satipo-Mariposa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
vers
|
||||
<location id="8E829D98FFCBED431E76F93CFB4EE1C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFC9ED441AD2F8B3FE00E123:8E829D98FFCBED431E76F93CFB4EE1C3" box="[1052,1173,1753,1777]" country="Peru" county="Puente Carrizales" latitude="-11.4867" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-74.8859" municipality="Route Satipo-Mariposa" name="Concepcion" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Junin">Concepción</location>
|
||||
km 72,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFCBED431E84F93CFA94E1C3" box="[1262,1359,1753,1777]" degrees="11.4867" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="-11.4867">−11.4867</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFCBED431F34F93CFA65E1C3" box="[1374,1470,1753,1777]" degrees="74.8859" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="-74.8859">−74.8859</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED431953F91DFC1FE022" box="[825,964,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.375" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3375.0" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="3300.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFCBED431953F91DFC1FE022" box="[825,964,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.375" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3375.0" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="3300.0">3300–3450 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFCBED4319A0F91DFBABE023" box="[970,1136,1784,1809]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2009-10-15">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFCBED4319A0F91DFBABE023" box="[970,1136,1784,1809]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2009-10-15">15 October2009</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFCBED431E1DF91CFB1DE023" box="[1143,1222,1785,1809]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P.Boyer</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,[
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFCBED431E93F91CFAF5E022" box="[1273,1326,1785,1808]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PBF</collectionCode>
|
||||
]
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFCBED431F51F91CFA64E002" collectingDate="2019-06-05" collectionCode="CEPUJ" collectorName="T. Pyrcz" elevation="3425" location="Puente Carrizales" municipality="Puente Carrizales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Junin">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFCBED431F51F91CFAA5E022" box="[1339,1406,1785,1808]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">one ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFCBED431FE2F91CFA64E023" box="[1416,1471,1785,1809]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Junín</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B865139FFCBED431953F8FDFC3EE002" box="[825,997,1816,1840]" country="Peru" name="Puente Carrizales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Junin">Puente Carrizales</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCBED431986F8FDFBADE01D" box="[1004,1142,1816,1840]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.425" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3425.0" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="3400.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFCBED431986F8FDFBADE01D" box="[1004,1142,1816,1840]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.425" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3425.0" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="3400.0">3400–3450 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFCBED431E17F8FDFB2AE002" box="[1149,1265,1816,1840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2019-06-05">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFCBED431E17F8FDFB2AE002" box="[1149,1265,1816,1840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2019-06-05">5 June 2019</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFCBED431E92F8FDFA9CE002" box="[1272,1351,1816,1840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T.Pyrcz</collectorName>
|
||||
leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFCBED431F1EF8FDFA64E002" box="[1396,1471,1816,1840]" collectionName="CEPUJ" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CEPUJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFCBED431E21F8B0FC16E0E1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431E21F8B0FB6AE05D" blockId="10.[1099,1201,1877,1903]" box="[1099,1201,1877,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431E21F8B0FB6AE05D" box="[1099,1201,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCBED431953F899FC16E0E1" blockId="10.[825,1474,1916,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
The specific epithet of this taxon,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCBED431EDEF899FB35E0A6" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityYear="2024" box="[1204,1262,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
|
||||
‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCBED431ED3F898FB35E0A6" box="[1209,1262,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">puriq</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’, means traveller in Quechua and is an allusion to the apparent dispersalist tendency of this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DF229BCBFFCAED421A1BF909FEA8E046" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[113,178,1772,1796]" targetBox="[260,1313,149,1737]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCAED421A1BF909FEA8E046" blockId="11.[113,1422,1772,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCAED421A1BF909FF12E037" bold="true" box="[113,201,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Scanning electron microscopy images of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCAED421827F909FCF2E036" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[589,809,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCAED421827F909FCF2E036" bold="true" box="[589,809,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nivaliodes negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
scales. A, scale-covered wing membrane, with visible discal veins also covered by ground scales. B, elongated cover scales with hairy scales. C, two morphotypes of scales: elongated cover scales and wide, shovel-shaped ground scales. D, elongated cover scales and hairy scales. E, elongated cover scale with pointed apical termini. F, shovellike cover scale with undulating terminus. G, detail of cover scale micro- and structures, median area. H, detail of cover scale micro- and nanostructures, apical area.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF229BCBFFCDED451AEBF90EFE38E041" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[129,194,1771,1795]" targetBox="[275,1328,148,1736]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCDED451AEBF90EFE38E041" blockId="12.[129,1468,1771,1907]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCDED451AEBF90EFF03E031" bold="true" box="[129,216,1771,1795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
Scanning electron microscopy images of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCDED451836F90EFD26E031" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityYear="2024" box="[604,765,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCDED451836F90EFD26E031" bold="true" box="[604,765,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nivaliodes puriq</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
scales. A, scale-covered wing membrane with visible veins free of scales. B, transformed cover scales with sparse hair-like androconial scales. C, transformed cover scales with elongated shape on top, shovel-like ground scales below. D, transformed cover scales and sparse androconial scales. E, transformed cover scale with pointed termini. F, fragments of a transformed cover scale and an androconial scale. G, detail of terminal part of a hair-like androconial scale. H, micro- and nanostructures in the transformed cover scale, median area.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF229BCBFFCCED441A19FAC8FADBE277" box="[115,1280,1325,1350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[115,180,1325,1349]" targetBox="[149,1422,147,1293]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCCED441A19FAC8FADBE277" blockId="13.[115,1280,1325,1350]" box="[115,1280,1325,1350]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441A19FAC8FF11E277" bold="true" box="[115,202,1325,1349]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
Temperature range of three species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCCED44185FFAC8FD40E277" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[565,667,1325,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED44185FFAC8FD40E277" bold="true" box="[565,667,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCCED4418A2FAC8FC43E277" baseAuthorityName="Nieme" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[712,920,1325,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pherepedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naevia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED4418A2FAC8FC43E277" box="[712,920,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pherepedaliodes naevia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(box plot with median and quartiles).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFCCED441B16FA90FE00E123" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCCED441B16FA90FE34E2BD" blockId="13.[113,763,1397,1553]" box="[380,495,1397,1423]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441B16FA90FE34E2BD" box="[380,495,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCCED441A1BFA79FE00E123" blockId="13.[113,763,1397,1553]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
So far, this species is known from three localities, all of which are within a
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCCED441A95FA5EFE9EE2E1" box="[255,325,1467,1491]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
|
||||
radius in the departments of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFCCED4418F8FA5EFD12E2E1" box="[658,713,1467,1491]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Junín</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFCCED441A1BFA3FFF21E2C0" box="[113,250,1498,1522]" country="Peru" name="Huancavelica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Huancavelica</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFCCED441B61FA3FFE8AE2C0" box="[267,337,1498,1522]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,143,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-145@14.[129,1473,143,1666]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Map of central Peruvian Andes with known localities of three species of Nivaliodes." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It occurs along the upper limit of cloud forest and in lower puna grasslands.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
383
data/03/F4/7A/03F47A55FFCCED591ADFF9D4FE57E2F3.xml
Normal file
383
data/03/F4/7A/03F47A55FFCCED591ADFF9D4FE57E2F3.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="DE62DBD594C33101AF6F35B77F293E36">A snow-dwelling tropical buưerfly? An unprecedented discovery of a new genus of the Pedaliodes clade in an extreme, high-altitude Andean environment (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6E30DC34644D2026004F20487CA3799">Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 5, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland & Programa Academico de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Matematicas y Naturales, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3 No. 26 A - 40, Bogotá, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="39311557EA347109A97410C8CC7BAC2F">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 380 Kraków, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="9C920729B7C3957A9DA19D0226480160">2024</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441ADFF9D4FE47E17E" bold="true" box="[181,412,1585,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nivaliodes viracocha</emphasis>
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Fåhraeus & Pyrcz
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441A1BF9B2FEE3E15D" box="[113,312,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nivaliodes viracocha</emphasis>
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Fåhraeus & Pyrcz
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: LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank. org:act:
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441BEDF94EFE3FE1F6" box="[391,484,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Externally, this species closely resembles its congeners,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCCED4418CDF934FD2EE1DA" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityYear="2024" box="[679,757,1745,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED4418CDF934FD2EE1DA" box="[679,757,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">V. puriq</emphasis>
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, from which it differs by the lighter upperside ground colour, and even more closely
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCCED441B42F8F5FE69E015" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[296,434,1807,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441B42F8F5FE69E015" box="[296,434,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
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, especially when it comes to size, with both being slightly larger than
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCCED441B8CF8CAFDE1E074" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityYear="2024" box="[486,570,1839,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441B8CF8CAFDE1E074" box="[486,570,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. puriq</emphasis>
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, with more elongated wings. In contrast,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCCED441B0CF8ABFE62E057" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityYear="2024" box="[358,441,1870,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441B0CF8ABFE62E057" box="[358,441,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. puriq</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCCED441B87F8ABFDBCE057" authorityName="Fahraeus & Pyrcz" authorityYear="2024" box="[493,615,1869,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viracocha">
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441B87F8ABFDBCE057" box="[493,615,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. viracocha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a darker, blackish brown HWV ground colour and marginally larger FW costal white patch. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCCED441B3FF868FE14E096" authorityName="Fahraeus & Pyrcz" authorityYear="2024" box="[341,463,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viracocha">
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441B3FF868FE14E096" box="[341,463,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. viracocha</emphasis>
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the whitish HWV midcostal streak is nearly obsolete, and strongly produced basally along the vein M2.
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|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCCED4419B0FA28FAD8E2D4" blockId="13.[810,1460,1484,1954]" box="[986,1283,1484,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED4419B0FA28FBA4E2D4" box="[986,1151,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description: male</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFCCED441EFAFA29FB2CE2D5" box="[1168,1271,1484,1511]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[267,1339,157,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-48@8.[225,1377,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Adults. A–D, Nivaliodes puriq. A, male holotype, dorsal, Trancapampa. B, idem, ventral (Trancapampa).C, female paratype, dorsal, Trancapampa. D, idem, ventral. E–H, Nivaliodes viracocha. E, male holotype, dorsal, Viracochan.F, idem, ventral. G, female paratype, dorsal, Viracochan. H, idem, ventral." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCCED471940FA16FB12E088" blockId="13.[810,1460,1484,1954]" lastBlockId="14.[825,1475,1766,1978]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441940FA16FCBDE139" box="[810,870,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Head:</emphasis>
|
||||
Eyes dark chocolate brown, densely hairy, with a milky white collar; palpi two times the length of head, ventrally covered with long, dorsally short, blackish brown hairy scales, and laterally with short, milky white scales; frons with a tuft of long, blackish brown hair; antennae reaching two-fifths the length of costa, slender, dark brown, mostly naked, with a club formed gradually, composed of 11 flagellomeres, flattened dorsoventrally; thorax black, dorsally covered with short and sparse, golden brown hairy scales; mesothoracix legs covered with grey scales; FW length (25.0–
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCCED441907F8E9FC17E016" box="[877,972,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="26.5">26.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, mean:
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFCCED441E4AF8E9FBA1E016" box="[1056,1146,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="25.7">25.7 mm</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCCED441EEDF8E8FB41E016" box="[1159,1178,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 9), with a subacute apex and slightly convex outer margin and with long, intermittent milky white and black fringes; upperside blackish brown, lustrous, with a white costal patch one-third of the way from distal end of discal cell and apex, spreading over four spaces, costa, R4 + 5–M1, and M2–M3 produced basally in the middle, and a faint, barely visible median patch in CuA1–CuA2, no scent patch; underside dull, blackish brown, with the white costal patch as on the upperside and the median patch obsolete, sprinkled with white scales in the subapical and apical area, and with a faint, blackish submarginal line. HW oval, with an undulating outer margin and intermittently grey and whitish fringes; HWD uniform blackish brown, lustrous; HWV ground colour blackish brown, with a heavy whitish ripple pattern covering the entire wing surface without producing any conspicuous pattern except for a zigzagging black submarginal line; the only well-marked pattern is an elongated, white midcostal band extending to vein M2, strongly produced basally along vein M1. Abdomen is covered dorsally and laterally with thick black scales and ventrally with chestnut scales.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF229BCBFFCFED471AEBF97BFC22E184" box="[129,1017,1694,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[129,194,1694,1718]" targetBox="[129,1473,143,1666]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCFED471AEBF97BFC22E184" blockId="14.[129,1017,1694,1718]" box="[129,1017,1694,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCFED471AEBF97BFF3EE184" bold="true" box="[129,229,1694,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
Map of central Peruvian Andes with known localities of three species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCFED4719E4F97BFC2FE184" authorityName="Pyrcz & Mahecha-J. & Boyer & Lachowska-Cielik & Cerdeña & Farfán & Garlacz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Bálint & Fåhraeus & Zając-Garlacz & Espeland" authorityYear="2024" box="[910,1012,1694,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCFED4719E4F97BFC2FE184" bold="true" box="[910,1012,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF229BCBFFCEED461A1BF909FD12E06A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[113,178,1772,1796]" targetBox="[264,1308,156,1732]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCEED461A1BF909FD12E06A" blockId="15.[112,1448,1772,1880]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCEED461A1BF909FF0EE036" bold="true" box="[113,213,1772,1796]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||||
Habitat of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCEED461B54F909FDC1E036" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[318,538,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCEED461B54F909FDC1E036" bold="true" box="[318,538,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nivaliodes negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, view from Abra Negrobueno at 4750 m. B, Lake Cuncancocha below Abra Negrobueno, 4500 m. C, rocks with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCEED461B2EF8EDFE60E02D" box="[324,443,1800,1823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-D">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCEED461B2EF8EDFE5DE02D" box="[324,390,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Senecio</emphasis>
|
||||
sp. D
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Jose Cerdeña on the steep slope where some individuals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCEED46199AF8EDFBA6E02D" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[1008,1149,1799,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCEED46199AF8EDFBA6E02D" bold="true" box="[1008,1149,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were observed. E, Pierre Boyer pointing to the place where the first individual of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCEED461855F8C1FD17E009" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[575,716,1827,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCEED461855F8C1FD17E009" bold="true" box="[575,716,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was collected. F, butterfly net ring trace on the snow. G,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCEED461EB6F8C1FA52E00E" box="[1244,1417,1828,1852]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pappostipa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCEED461EB6F8C1FAD0E009" box="[1244,1291,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Stipa</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCEED461F71F8C0FAA4E00E" box="[1307,1407,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pappostipa</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. bunch grasses. H,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFCEED461B70F8A5FE1CE06A" box="[282,455,1856,1880]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pappostipa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCEED461B70F8A5FE92E065" box="[282,329,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Stipa</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCEED461B32F8A4FE67E06A" box="[344,444,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pappostipa</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. shortly after a snow fall.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFCEED591A1BF897FE0DE7D5" blockId="15.[113,763,1906,1994]" lastBlockId="16.[129,777,144,231]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFCEED461A1BF897FF17E0B8" box="[113,204,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFCEED461AB1F897FEF8E0B8" box="[219,291,1906,1930]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[313,1247,161,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-86@9.[296,1275,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Male genitalia in lateral view, with aedeagus extracted in lateral and dorsal view.A, Nivaliodes negrobueno (prep. genit CEP_7679). B, Nivaliodes puriq (prep.genit CEP_10558). C, Nivaliodes viracocha (prep. genit.CEP_10615)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Tegumen with a flat dorsum; uncus massive, as long as the dorsum of tegumen, with a wide base, aligned with tegumen, with a blunt tip; subunci approximately one-third the length of uncus, relatively stout; pedunculus short, with a blunt tip; saccus wide and relatively deep; valvae as long as tegumen + valva, shorter, with a more strongly humped, serrated dorsum than in other two congeners and a blunt apex; aedeagus short, wide, and tubular, compressed and spatulate in the proximal area, with an acute, bifurcated tip.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591B4EFEE2FDBDE612" blockId="16.[129,777,262,387]" box="[292,614,262,289]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591B4EFEE2FE02E612" box="[292,473,262,288]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description: female</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFD1ED591B82FEE3FD81E613" box="[488,602,262,289]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[267,1339,157,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-48@8.[225,1377,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Adults. A–D, Nivaliodes puriq. A, male holotype, dorsal, Trancapampa. B, idem, ventral (Trancapampa).C, female paratype, dorsal, Trancapampa. D, idem, ventral. E–H, Nivaliodes viracocha. E, male holotype, dorsal, Viracochan.F, idem, ventral. G, female paratype, dorsal, Viracochan. H, idem, ventral." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4G, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591AEBFEC8FE44E6B1" blockId="16.[129,777,262,387]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
FW length
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFD1ED591A91FEC8FE9EE676" box="[251,325,301,325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, considerably lighter coloured on both the upper- and underside, chestnut, with more prominent FW white markings, otherwise similar.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591AEBFE40FED9E56B" blockId="16.[129,778,421,601]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591AEBFE40FF07E68F" box="[129,220,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFD1ED591A85FE40FEE5E68F" box="[239,318,421,445]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1267,1291]" captionTargetBox="[184,755,146,1228]" captionTargetId="figure-683@10.[149,757,144,1238]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Female genitalia in lateral view.A, Nivaliodes negrobueno (CEP_7680). B. Nivaliodes puriq (CEP_10615). C. Nivaliodes viracocha (prep. genit.CEP_10616)." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Papillae anales prominent, covered with long but sparse hair; postvaginal lamella strongly sclerotized, with a smooth surface, wide, enclosing a spacious antrum; ductus bursae wide, mildly sclerotized, gradually opening into a large, pear-like corpus bursae, with a smooth surface, no apparent signa.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591BEEFD9FFDDDE5A1" blockId="16.[129,777,633,758]" box="[388,518,633,659]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591BEEFD9FFDDDE5A1" box="[388,518,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFD1ED591BEEFD9FFE69E5A1" box="[388,434,634,659]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
material
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFD1ED591AEBFD7AFEDEE47D" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591AEBFD7AFE05E5C4" blockId="16.[129,777,633,758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFD1ED591AEBFD7AFE01E5C4" collectingDate="2022-06-01" collectingDateMax="2022-06-30" collectingDateMin="2022-06-01" collectionCode="FILS, MUSM" collectorName="C. Fahraeus" country="Peru" elevation="4180" latitude="-12.5685" location="Viracochan" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-74.3089" municipality="Viracochan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ayacucho" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591AEBFD7AFF01E585" box="[129,218,671,695]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFD1ED591AEBFD7AFF01E585" box="[129,218,671,695]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFD1ED591A8AFD47FF21E584" box="[224,250,674,694]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34A8BD3FFD1ED591B60FD7AFEE7E585" box="[266,316,671,695]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFD1ED591B2CFD7AFE77E585" box="[326,428,671,695]" country="Peru" name="Ayacucho" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ayacucho</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B865139FFD1ED591BDDFD7AFDF6E585" box="[439,557,671,695]" country="Peru" latitude="-12.5685" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-74.3089" name="Viracochan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Ayacucho">Viracochán</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFD1ED59185DFD7AFD41E585" box="[567,666,671,695]" degrees="12.5685" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5" value="-12.5685">−12.5685</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE69AD84FFD1ED5918CBFD7AFCDDE585" box="[673,774,671,695]" degrees="74.3089" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5" value="-74.3089">−74.3089</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA566A6FFD1ED591AEBFD5AFF09E5E4" box="[129,210,703,727]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="4180.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="00702C70FFD1ED591AEBFD5AFF09E5E4" box="[129,210,703,727]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="4180.0">4180 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FFE3ED83FFD1ED591AB4FD5AFE5CE5E5" box="[222,391,703,727]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2022-06-01" valueMax="2022-06-30" valueMin="2022-06-01">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFA7146BFFD1ED591AB4FD5AFE5CE5E5" box="[222,391,703,727]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2022-06-01" valueMax="2022-06-30" valueMin="2022-06-01">1–30 June 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26A8AE95FFD1ED591BF8FD5AFDD3E5E4" box="[402,520,702,727]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. Fåhraeus</collectorName>
|
||||
and local collectors leg.,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFD1ED591AEBFD3BFF6EE5C4" box="[129,181,734,758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FILS</collectionCode>
|
||||
[to be deposited in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFD1ED591B15FD3BFE0FE5C4" box="[383,468,734,758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
]
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591AEBFCFDFEDEE47D" blockId="16.[129,777,791,847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B35C11EFFD1ED591AEBFCFDFEDAE47D" collectionCode="FILS, CEP-UJ" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="7" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591AEBFCFDFF3CE41D" box="[129,231,792,815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFD1ED591AEBFCFDFF38E41D" box="[129,227,792,815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Eight (
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFD1ED591B58FCF2FE55E41D" box="[306,398,791,815]" count="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">seven ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5B00CAFFD1ED591BAAFCFDFDDCE41D" box="[448,519,792,815]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">one ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
): same data, seven
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFD1ED5918BAFCF2FCDEE41D" box="[720,773,791,815]" collectionName="FILS" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FILS</collectionCode>
|
||||
, one
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4C5386FFD1ED591AC6FCD2FEDAE47D" box="[172,257,823,847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CEP-UJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFD1ED591BF8FC8BFE09E4D9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591BF8FC8BFE23E4BA" blockId="16.[402,504,878,904]" box="[402,504,878,904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591BF8FC8BFE23E4BA" box="[402,504,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591AEBFC70FE09E4D9" blockId="16.[129,778,917,1003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
This species is named after its
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFD1ED591BDDFC70FE3EE49F" box="[439,485,917,941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality, Viracochán, and incidentally is an allusion to Wiraqucha, the chief creator deity of the pre-Inca and Inca mythology.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
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|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591BE1FBEEFE25E317" blockId="16.[129,777,1035,1160]" box="[395,510,1035,1061]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||||
<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591BE1FBEEFE25E317" box="[395,510,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591AEBFBD4FE70E3BA" blockId="16.[129,777,1035,1160]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
This species is known only from its
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E675E1FFD1ED591B93FBD7FDFCE378" box="[505,551,1074,1098]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality above the locality of
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B865139FFD1ED591ABDFBB4FE90E35B" box="[215,331,1105,1129]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Viracochán</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
in the department of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499905A1FFD1ED591843FBB4FD55E35B" box="[553,654,1105,1129]" country="Peru" name="Ayacucho" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ayacucho</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFD1ED5918F4FBB4FD38E35B" box="[670,739,1105,1129]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,143,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-145@14.[129,1473,143,1666]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Map of central Peruvian Andes with known localities of three species of Nivaliodes." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<location id="8E829D98FFD1ED591893FBB4FCD2E35A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F47A55FFCCED591ADFF9D4FE57E2F3:8E829D98FFD1ED591893FBB4FCD2E35A" box="[761,777,1105,1128]" municipality="Viracochan" name="It" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Ayacucho">It</location>
|
||||
occurs in open puna habitats.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34798C8FFD1ED591B0BFB4DFE57E2F3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591B0BFB4DFDF3E3F3" blockId="16.[129,778,1192,1473]" box="[353,552,1192,1218]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591B0BFB4DFDF3E3F3" box="[353,552,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Range of temperature</emphasis>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE2CB43FFD1ED591AEBFB2BFE57E2F3" blockId="16.[129,778,1192,1473]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
It has been determined that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFD1ED591BCEFB2AFDEAE3D4" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[420,561,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591BCEFB2AFDEAE3D4" box="[420,561,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has in a temperature range of 5.9°C–7.4°C, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFD1ED591BA0FB0BFDC4E237" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Cerdena" authorityYear="2024" box="[458,543,1262,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puriq">
|
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591BA0FB0BFDC4E237" box="[458,543,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">N. puriq</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFD1ED59183CFB0BFD09E237" authorityName="Fahraeus & Pyrcz" authorityYear="2024" box="[598,722,1261,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viracocha">
|
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED59183CFB0BFD09E237" box="[598,722,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">N. viracocha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have a temperature range of 12.9°C–14.5°C and 10.4°C–11.2°C, respectively. In comparison, a species from the sister genus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFD1ED591AEBFAAEFEB7E251" baseAuthorityName="Nieme" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[129,364,1355,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pherepedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naevia">
|
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591AEBFAAEFEB7E251" box="[129,364,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pherepedaliodes naevia</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, has a higher temperature range of 16.8°C–18.5°C (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1366D7C6FFD1ED591B5AFA8EFEB0E2B1" box="[304,363,1387,1411]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="13.[115,180,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[149,1422,147,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-309@13.[146,1426,143,1297]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 9. Temperature range of three species of Nivaliodes and Pherepedaliodes naevia (box plot with median and quartiles)." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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), which is significantly higher than the optimal temperature ranges observed in all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFD1ED591827FA6FFCDDE290" box="[589,774,1418,1442]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591827FA6FFD68E290" box="[589,691,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nivaliodes</emphasis>
|
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species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, particularly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5DB0C0FFD1ED591A90FA4FFE5DE2F3" authorityName="Pyrcz, Fahraeus & Boyer" authorityYear="2024" box="[250,390,1449,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Boreidae" genus="Nivaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrobueno">
|
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<emphasis id="B9291751FFD1ED591A90FA4FFE5DE2F3" box="[250,390,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">N. negrobueno</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,61 +1,64 @@
|
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<mods:identifier id="9EACBB74FF72E07E60C242A1A92330FB" type="GBIF-Dataset">4a4c3a91-a8fa-4355-a3c6-9df7d9b85cd1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="8DF0620EC08F83724D4EFF5B98A260A2" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="8DDC575813E952A99DEFC9B74DAEF341" type="Zenodo-Dep">14502603</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="212681504358812711A2601C791CC642" type="ZooBank">681F645-F70D-4E1F-BF7F-D0251528BD51</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="063A87DBFFE1FF9DFED9F981FADFFEB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:063A87DBFFE1FF9DFED9F981FADFFEB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/063A87DBFFE1FF9DFED9F981FADFFEB0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<treatment id="063A87DBFFE1FF9DFED9F981FADFFEB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502632" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502632" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:063A87DBFFE1FF9DFED9F981FADFFEB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/063A87DBFFE1FF9DFED9F981FADFFEB0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" scope_class="Calcarea" scope_family="Grantiidae" scope_order="Leucosoleniida" scope_phylum="Porifera" scope_subClass="Calcaronea">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C6896546FFE1FF96FED9F981FDD4F9EA" box="[279,627,1540,1567]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE1FF96FED9F981FDD4F9EA" blockId="18.[279,627,1540,1567]" box="[279,627,1540,1567]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<heading id="D56481A1FFE1FF96FED9F981FDD4F9EA" bold="true" box="[279,627,1540,1567]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
|
||||
|
|
@ -72,9 +75,9 @@
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE1FF96FE9DF9B6FD90F9B9" blockId="18.[339,567,1587,1614]" box="[339,567,1587,1614]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE1FF96FE9DF9B6FD90F9B9" bold="true" box="[339,567,1587,1614]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FE93F9B6FE74F9B9" box="[349,467,1587,1613]" captionStart-0="Figure 13" captionStart-1="Figure 14" captionStart-2="Figure 15" captionStartId-0="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionStartId-1="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionStartId-2="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox-0="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetBox-1="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetBox-2="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId-0="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId-1="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId-2="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionText-0="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." captionText-1="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." captionText-2="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 13–15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FE93F9B6FE74F9B9" box="[349,467,1587,1613]" captionStart-0="Figure 13" captionStart-1="Figure 14" captionStart-2="Figure 15" captionStartId-0="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionStartId-1="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionStartId-2="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox-0="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetBox-1="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetBox-2="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId-0="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId-1="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId-2="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionText-0="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." captionText-1="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." captionText-2="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502642" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502644" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14502642/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14502644/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 13–15</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFE1FF96FE11F9B1FD8BF9B9" box="[479,556,1587,1614]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="24.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Table 6. Spicule measurements of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7517)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFE1FF96FE11F9B1FD8BF9B9" box="[479,556,1587,1614]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="24.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Table 6. Spicule measurements of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7517)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFF0AFB83FF53" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFF0AFB83FF53">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -190,7 +193,7 @@ depth
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE1FF96FCF7FAB2FA66FABB" blockId="18.[825,1473,1335,1359]" box="[825,1473,1335,1359]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE1FF96FCF7FAB2FC25FABB" box="[825,898,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colour:</emphasis>
|
||||
White to light yellow alive and white in ethanol (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FAA3FAB2FA17FABB" box="[1389,1456,1335,1359]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FAA3FAB2FA17FABB" box="[1389,1456,1335,1359]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502642/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -198,34 +201,34 @@ White to light yellow alive and white in ethanol (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE1FF96FCF7FAEAFB8FF84D" blockId="18.[825,1474,1390,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE1FF96FCF7FAEAFC09FA72" box="[825,942,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description:</emphasis>
|
||||
Sponge tubular, cylindrical, sometimes wider at the top (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FC73FA08FB9FFA51" box="[957,1080,1421,1445]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FC73FA08FB9FFA51" box="[957,1080,1421,1445]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502642/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). One single apical osculum with a well-developed neck with a crown of trichoxeas (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FA9AFA28FA15FA31" box="[1364,1458,1453,1477]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FA9AFA28FA15FA31" box="[1364,1458,1453,1477]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502642/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Consistency firm to the touch.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5128886FFFE1FF96FBB5FA49FB7AFA10" box="[1147,1245,1484,1508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
with an appendix-like structure at the side of the body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FB41FA6EFB40F9F7" box="[1167,1255,1515,1539]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FB41FA6EFB40F9F7" box="[1167,1255,1515,1539]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502642/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE1FF96FB33FA69FA98F9F7" box="[1277,1343,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">In vivo</emphasis>
|
||||
, the external surface shows filaments that disappear after fixation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FAA7F98EFA15F9D7" box="[1385,1458,1547,1571]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FAA7F98EFA15F9D7" box="[1385,1458,1547,1571]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-271@21.[114,1458,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Morphology of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov.A, holotype (UFRJPOR 7517) in situ. B, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7521). C, paratype in situ (UFRJPOR 7522). D, detail of the apical region of the holotype (note oscular membrane with protruding diactines on the inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502642/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Atrium central and wide. Aquiferous system leuconoid. Skeleton disorganized but with distinct cortical, choanosomal, and atrial regions (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FC58F9ECFC49F975" box="[918,1006,1641,1665]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FC58F9ECFC49F975" box="[918,1006,1641,1665]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502644/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Oscular membrane supported by T-shaped triactines and tetractines. Diactines longitudinally disposed near the osculum and at the base of the sponge. Cortical skeleton composed of longitudinal microdiactines, tangential triactines and trichoxeas (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FC7DF963FBAFF90A" box="[947,1032,1766,1790]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FC7DF963FBAFF90A" box="[947,1032,1766,1790]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502644/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Large triactines in the choanosome, and tetractines surrounding the canals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FB53F880FB55F8E9" box="[1181,1266,1797,1821]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FB53F880FB55F8E9" box="[1181,1266,1797,1821]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502644/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Exhalant openings with aliactines of
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9895FD44FFE1FF96FC26F8A0FBEBF8C9" box="[1000,1100,1829,1853]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">two types</specimenCount>
|
||||
, triactines and tetractines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FA92F8A0FA15F8C9" box="[1372,1458,1829,1853]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FA92F8A0FA15F8C9" box="[1372,1458,1829,1853]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502644/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Atrial skeleton with tangential tetractines that point their apical actine into the atrial cavity (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FB96F8E6FB08F88F" box="[1112,1199,1891,1915]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE1FF96FB96F8E6FB08F88F" box="[1112,1199,1891,1915]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-338@22.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Skeleton organization of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, longitudinal section of the body wall. B, tangential section of the cortex. C, detail of an apopylar opening with aliactines.D, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrial surface; cx, cortical surface; eo, exhalant opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502644/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). One single triactine with the same shape of the atrial tetractine was seen on the atrial surface of
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE1FF96FCB1F827FB84F84E" box="[895,1059,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">UFRJPOR 7517</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE0FF97FFBFF8ACFC76F88D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE0FF97FFBFF8ACFC76F88D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE0FF97FFBFF8ACFC76F88D" blockId="19.[113,1430,1833,1913]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE0FF97FFBFF8ACFF71F8B5" bold="true" box="[113,214,1833,1857]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphology of
|
||||
|
|
@ -237,7 +240,7 @@ Morphology of
|
|||
. B, skeleton of the oscular region. C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines. D, scales from the exhalant region. E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton. Abbreviations: bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE7FF90FF4FF987FA19F9EE" box="[129,1470,1538,1562]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" targetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE7FF90FF4FF987FA19F9EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502640" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502640" box="[129,1470,1538,1562]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502640/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" targetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE7FF90FF4FF987FA19F9EE" blockId="20.[129,1470,1538,1562]" box="[129,1470,1538,1562]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE7FF90FF4FF987FF42F9EE" bold="true" box="[129,229,1538,1562]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||||
Spicules of
|
||||
|
|
@ -247,7 +250,7 @@ Spicules of
|
|||
(UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine. B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE7FF90FF4FF9CCFCEBF994" box="[129,844,1608,1633]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[129,184,1609,1633]" targetBox="[129,1474,1654,1939]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="20" targetType="table">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE7FF90FF4FF9CCFCEBF994" ID-Table-UUID="DAEC6645FFE7FF90FF4FF9CCFCEBF994" box="[129,844,1608,1633]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFE7FF90FF4FF9CCFCEBF994" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[129,184,1609,1633]" targetBox="[129,1474,1654,1939]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="20" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE7FF90FF4FF9CCFCEBF994" blockId="20.[129,844,1608,1633]" box="[129,844,1608,1633]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE7FF90FF4FF9CCFF69F995" bold="true" box="[129,206,1609,1633]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Spicule measurements of
|
||||
|
|
@ -374,7 +377,7 @@ Spicule measurements of
|
|||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE6FF91FFBFFB78FF09FABA" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE6FF91FFBFFB78FF09FABA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502642" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502642/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[113,178,1277,1301]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1249]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE6FF91FFBFFB78FF09FABA" blockId="21.[113,1411,1277,1358]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FFBFFB78FF72FAE2" bold="true" box="[113,213,1277,1302]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphology of
|
||||
|
|
@ -396,16 +399,16 @@ A, holotype (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE6FF91FEF2FA16FD97FA59" blockId="21.[113,763,1427,1552]" box="[316,560,1427,1453]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FEF2FA16FD97FA59" box="[316,560,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
Spicules (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FE5BFA11FE73FA59" box="[405,468,1427,1453]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig.15</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FE5BFA11FE73FA59" box="[405,468,1427,1453]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig.15</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFE6FF91FE2EFA16FD81FA59" box="[480,550,1427,1453]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="24.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Table 6. Spicule measurements of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7517)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFE6FF91FE2EFA16FD81FA59" box="[480,550,1427,1453]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="24.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Table 6. Spicule measurements of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7517)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFF0AFB83FF53" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFF0AFB83FF53">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE6FF91FFBFFA3FFE27F9E4" blockId="21.[113,763,1427,1552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FFBFFA3FFF74FA25" box="[113,211,1466,1489]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Large and fusiform, with both tips sharp, one thicker than the other (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FEE1FA5DFE29FA04" box="[303,398,1496,1520]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FEE1FA5DFE29FA04" box="[303,398,1496,1520]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FE3FFA5CFD38FA05" box="[497,671,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">UFRJPOR 7517</emphasis>
|
||||
): 670.6 (±123.9)/20.3 (±6.7) µm.
|
||||
|
|
@ -413,7 +416,7 @@ Large and fusiform, with both tips sharp, one thicker than the other (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE6FF91FFBFF9B4FD6CF99D" blockId="21.[113,763,1585,1641]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FFBFF9B4FEA0F9BD" box="[113,263,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Microdiactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Lanceolated, undulated, with sharp tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FD1AF9B4FF3DF99C" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FD1AF9B4FF3DF99C" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FF27F9D4FE29F99D" box="[233,398,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">UFRJPOR 7517</emphasis>
|
||||
): 88.2 (±11.2)/4.5 (±1.2) µm.
|
||||
|
|
@ -421,7 +424,7 @@ Lanceolated, undulated, with sharp tips (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE6FF91FFBFF90FFEAAF8EB" blockId="21.[113,764,1674,1824]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FFBFF90FFE80F956" box="[113,295,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cortical triactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Sagittal. Actines slightly conical and straight, with sharp tips. Paired actines shorter than the unpaired one, always straight (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FEE4F94DFE2BF914" box="[298,396,1736,1760]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FEE4F94DFE2BF914" box="[298,396,1736,1760]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FE3EF94CFD38F915" box="[496,671,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">UFRJPOR 7517</emphasis>
|
||||
): 154.9 (±41.4)/15.4 (±4.2) µm (paired); 183.0 (±56.5)/16.8 (±4.4) µm (unpaired).
|
||||
|
|
@ -429,7 +432,7 @@ Sagittal. Actines slightly conical and straight, with sharp tips. Paired actines
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE6FF91FFBFF8C5FD2EF842" blockId="21.[113,763,1856,1975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FFBFF8C5FEC7F8AC" box="[113,352,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Choanosomal triactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Sagittal to subregular. Actines conical, undulated, with sharp tips. Paired actines usually curved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FD1AF8E5FF39F863" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FD1AF8E5FF39F863" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FF3AF805FE3BF863" box="[244,412,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">UFRJPOR 7517</emphasis>
|
||||
): 142.5 (±27.6)/12.8 (±2.5) µm (paired); 176.8 (±25.2)/14.2 (±2.5) µm (unpaired).
|
||||
|
|
@ -437,7 +440,7 @@ Sagittal to subregular. Actines conical, undulated, with sharp tips. Paired acti
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE6FF91FCE4FA11FC27F993" blockId="21.[809,1460,1427,1639]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FCE4FA11FBBDFA5F" box="[810,1050,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tetractines of the canals:</emphasis>
|
||||
Sagittal. Actines slightly conical to conical and straight, with sharp tips. Paired actines usually curved, due to the position around the canals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FB0EFA57FAB2FA1D" box="[1216,1301,1489,1514]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FB0EFA57FAB2FA1D" box="[1216,1301,1489,1514]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Apical actine very short, conical, straight and smooth, with sharp tips. Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FCFBF994FC7DF9DC" box="[821,986,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">UFRJPOR 7517</emphasis>
|
||||
): 97.2 (±18.8)/8.4 (±1.3) µm (paired); 104.2 (±24.4)/9.8 (±0.5) µm (unpaired); 55.0 (±15.2)/9.2 (±2.6) µm (apical).
|
||||
|
|
@ -445,7 +448,7 @@ Sagittal. Actines slightly conical to conical and straight, with sharp tips. Pai
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE6FF91FCE4F90CFC00F8C9" blockId="21.[810,1459,1672,1853]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FCE4F90CFBA5F954" box="[810,1026,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Triactines aliactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Paired actines v-shaped. Actines cylindrical, slender and slightly undulated, with blunt to sharp tips. Paired actines longer than the unpaired one, slightly curved near the tip (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FBE9F963FB21F90A" box="[1063,1158,1766,1790]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE6FF91FBE9F963FB21F90A" box="[1063,1158,1766,1790]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FB22F962FA38F90A" box="[1260,1439,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">UFRJPOR 7517</emphasis>
|
||||
): 53.2 (±5.7)/2.7 µm (paired); 6.8 (±1.4)/2.7 µm (±0.5) (unpaired).
|
||||
|
|
@ -453,12 +456,12 @@ Paired actines v-shaped. Actines cylindrical, slender and slightly undulated, wi
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE6FF92FCE4F8DAFF5AFA07" blockId="21.[810,1459,1886,1973]" lastBlockId="22.[128,777,1405,1523]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE6FF91FCE4F8DAFBA5F882" box="[810,1026,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tetractines aliactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Paired actines v-shaped. Actines cylindrical, slender, and slightly undulated, with sharp tips. Paired actines longer than the unpaired one and slightly curved near the tip (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE5FF92FF63FAF8FEA1FA61" box="[173,262,1405,1429]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE5FF92FF63FAF8FEA1FA61" box="[173,262,1405,1429]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Apical actine conical, straight, and smooth, with sharp tips. Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE5FF92FEE8FA18FE6EFA40" box="[294,457,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">UFRJPOR 7517</emphasis>
|
||||
): 52.0 (±2.9)/2.5 µm (paired); 6.5 (±1.3)/2.7 µm (±0.5) (unpaired); 24.4 (±2.5)/2.6 (±0.4) µm (apical).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE5FF92FF4FFB78FDF5FAB9" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE5FF92FF4FFB78FDF5FAB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502644" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502644/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[129,194,1277,1301]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE5FF92FF4FFB78FDF5FAB9" blockId="22.[129,1457,1277,1357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE5FF92FF4FFB78FF42FAE1" bold="true" box="[129,229,1277,1301]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||||
Skeleton organization of the holotype of
|
||||
|
|
@ -474,9 +477,9 @@ Skeleton organization of the holotype of
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE5FF92FF4FF991FEEFF8F3" blockId="22.[129,778,1556,1800]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE5FF92FF4FF991FE8DF9D8" box="[129,298,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Atrial tetractines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Sagittal. Actines slightly conical to conical and slightly undulated, with sharp tips. Usually, one paired actine is shorter than the other. The unpaired actine is shorter than the paired ones (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE5FF92FEC6F9F7FEDFF97E" box="[264,376,1650,1674]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 15H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE5FF92FEC6F9F7FEDFF97E" box="[264,376,1650,1674]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 15H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Apical actine long, slightly conical to conical, undulated and smooth, with sharp tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE5FF92FDB7F914FD6FF95D" box="[633,712,1681,1705]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 15I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE5FF92FDB7F914FD6FF95D" box="[633,712,1681,1705]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-173@23.[210,1362,144,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Spicules of the holotype of Leucandra cavernicola sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7517). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine.D, choanosomal triactines.E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 15I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE5FF92FF42F934FE91F93D" box="[140,310,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">UFRJPOR 7517</emphasis>
|
||||
): 140.1 (±29.6)/11.1 (±2.5) µm (paired); 107.1 (±25.6)/12.3 (±1.6) µm (unpaired); 130.4 (±45.2)/10.6 (±2.5) µm (apical).
|
||||
|
|
@ -573,7 +576,7 @@ and/or tetractine lining exhalant openings, in which the paired actines have an
|
|||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE4FF93FFBFF9BEFDA4F97F" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" targetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE4FF93FFBFF9BEFDA4F97F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502646" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502646/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[113,178,1595,1619]" targetBox="[210,1362,144,1567]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE4FF93FFBFF9BEFDA4F97F" blockId="23.[113,1428,1595,1675]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE4FF93FFBFF9BEFF72F9A7" bold="true" box="[113,213,1595,1619]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||||
Spicules of the holotype of
|
||||
|
|
@ -586,7 +589,7 @@ Spicules of the holotype of
|
|||
). A, diactine. B, microdiactine. C, cortical triactine. D, choanosomal triactines. E, choanosomal tetractine of a canal. F, triactine aliactine. G, tetractine aliactine. H, atrial tetractine. I, detail of the apical actine of an atrial tetractine (arrow).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFF0AFB83FF53" box="[129,1060,143,167]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[129,184,143,167]" targetBox="[129,1474,188,914]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="24" targetType="table">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFF0AFB83FF53" ID-Table-UUID="DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFF0AFB83FF53" box="[129,1060,143,167]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFF0AFB83FF53" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[129,184,143,167]" targetBox="[129,1474,188,914]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="24" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFEBFF9CFF4FFF0AFB83FF53" blockId="24.[129,1060,143,167]" box="[129,1060,143,167]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFEBFF9CFF4FFF0AFF69FF53" bold="true" box="[129,206,143,167]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Table 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Spicule measurements of the holotype of
|
||||
|
|
@ -869,7 +872,7 @@ Spicule measurements of the holotype of
|
|||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFC53FDF8FBFE" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[129,184,982,1006]" targetBox="[129,1473,1056,1850]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="24" targetType="table">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFC53FDF8FBFE" ID-Table-UUID="DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFC53FDF8FBFE" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFEBFF9CFF4FFC53FDF8FBFE" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[129,184,982,1006]" targetBox="[129,1473,1056,1850]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="24" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFEBFF9CFF4FFC53FDF8FBFE" blockId="24.[129,1395,982,1034]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFEBFF9CFF4FFC53FF69FC1A" bold="true" box="[129,206,982,1006]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Table 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Calcareous sponges found in French Polynesia and their habitats: C = inside caves; S
|
||||
|
|
@ -1229,7 +1232,7 @@ Voigt
|
|||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFEAFF9DFDCFFF4AFD5DFF13" box="[513,762,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Teichonopsis labyrinthica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFEAFF9DFFB2FF6BFF12FEF2" box="[124,181,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-90@9.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the C-LSU of Calcaronea.Sequences generated in the present work are in bold.The clade of aliactine-bearing sponges is presented shaded. Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes (<means value below 60%). Tree rooted with Leucosolenia and Achramorphidae + Baeriida." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFEAFF9DFFB2FF6BFF12FEF2" box="[124,181,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-90@9.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the C-LSU of Calcaronea.Sequences generated in the present work are in bold.The clade of aliactine-bearing sponges is presented shaded. Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes (<means value below 60%). Tree rooted with Leucosolenia and Achramorphidae + Baeriida." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502618/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Because
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="49934D4EFFEAFF9DFEE6FF6BFE16FEF1" box="[296,433,238,262]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Leucandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFEAFF9DFEE6FF6BFE37FEF2" box="[296,400,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Leucandra</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1303,7 +1306,7 @@ The two sequences of
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A7D457A4FFEAFF9DFD9AFC25FD06FC43" box="[596,673,928,951]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
were recovered in a polytomic branch at the base of the aliactine-bearing sponge clade (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFEAFF9DFEC8FC5BFE98FC02" box="[262,319,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-90@9.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the C-LSU of Calcaronea.Sequences generated in the present work are in bold.The clade of aliactine-bearing sponges is presented shaded. Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes (<means value below 60%). Tree rooted with Leucosolenia and Achramorphidae + Baeriida." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFEAFF9DFEC8FC5BFE98FC02" box="[262,319,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-90@9.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the C-LSU of Calcaronea.Sequences generated in the present work are in bold.The clade of aliactine-bearing sponges is presented shaded. Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes (<means value below 60%). Tree rooted with Leucosolenia and Achramorphidae + Baeriida." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502618/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
), despite sharing a single nucleotide of difference over the alignment. Because of the conserved nature of the C-LSU marker in species’ delimitation in both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="49934D4EFFEAFF9DFDB9FB98FD77FBC1" authorityName="Bidder" authorityYear="1898" box="[631,720,1053,1077]" class="Calcarea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="subClass" subClass="Calcinea">Calcinea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
|
@ -1346,7 +1349,7 @@ Island. Nonetheless, it is very different from
|
|||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFEAFF9DFD5CFB7DFF60FADB" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Leucandra tahuatae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
does not have diactines and has a subatrial skeleton, among other morphological differences. They are also molecularly very different, being present in two distant clades in our tree (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFEAFF9DFFB2FAF0FF13FA79" box="[124,180,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-90@9.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the C-LSU of Calcaronea.Sequences generated in the present work are in bold.The clade of aliactine-bearing sponges is presented shaded. Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes (<means value below 60%). Tree rooted with Leucosolenia and Achramorphidae + Baeriida." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFEAFF9DFFB2FAF0FF13FA79" box="[124,180,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-90@9.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the C-LSU of Calcaronea.Sequences generated in the present work are in bold.The clade of aliactine-bearing sponges is presented shaded. Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes (<means value below 60%). Tree rooted with Leucosolenia and Achramorphidae + Baeriida." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502618/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFEAFF9DFF43FA10FADFFEB0" blockId="25.[112,764,144,1985]" lastBlockId="25.[810,1459,144,325]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,61 +1,64 @@
|
|||
<document id="D847122A8CF6340C3229FE7B0327EDDC" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae138" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="681F645-F70D-4E1F-BF7F-D0251528BD51" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1732851120195" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lopes, Matheus Vieira, Pérez, Thierry & Klautau, Michelle" docDate="2024" docId="063A87DBFFF5FF83FEF8FE5EFACBF831" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae138.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae138" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Borojevia moana Lopes & Pérez & Klautau 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FA03FFA3FFF3FF84FFCEFF85FFA7FFF4" masterDocTitle="Cave-dwelling calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1734373809107" updateUser="jonas">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="3B614CD223BF52921C297A1D43E10C4D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="0714ED6BA2869EBFCB3D5B7F8C8314A0">
|
||||
<mods:title id="48F0AD93D9CB8C7477BE7B3A7E9C2B42">Cave-dwelling calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="941F6BABB84B0B1A2423AE185E673A22">Cave-dwelling calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="764153DF951E899F0BB3599AD582DAAC">Lopes, Matheus Vieira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="29EDEB98214AE5DBF990625DD9B43F9E">Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Zoology Department, TaxoN Laboratory, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho 791, CEP 21941 - 599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="52427B424D53D2244156A36F1C6A9EA8">Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Zoology Department, TaxoN Laboratory, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho 791, CEP 21941 - 599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D38E68C7F27FD5839C6B7E9E7DB24DD">Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, Université d’Avignon, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="063A87DBFFF5FF83FEF8FE5EFACBF831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502607" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:063A87DBFFF5FF83FEF8FE5EFACBF831" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/063A87DBFFF5FF83FEF8FE5EFACBF831" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" scope_class="Calcarea" scope_family="Clathrinidae" scope_order="Clathrinida" scope_phylum="Porifera" scope_subClass="Calcinea">
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<subSubSection id="C6896546FFF5FF82FEF8FE5EFDF3FE01" box="[310,596,475,502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF5FF82FEF8FE5EFDF3FE01" blockId="6.[310,596,475,502]" box="[310,596,475,502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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@ -72,9 +75,9 @@
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<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF5FF82FEADFD9CFD80FDC7" blockId="6.[355,551,537,564]" box="[355,551,537,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FEADFD9CFD80FDC7" bold="true" box="[355,551,537,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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(
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FEA0FD9FFE0CFDC0" box="[366,427,538,564]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FEA0FD9FFE0CFDC0" box="[366,427,538,564]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502620/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 5</figureCitation>
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE7BFD9FFE64FDC0" box="[437,451,538,564]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE7BFD9FFE64FDC0" box="[437,451,538,564]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502624/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6</figureCitation>
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; Table 2)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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|
|
@ -162,7 +165,7 @@ depth
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF5FF82FF4FFB37FDC2FB3E" blockId="6.[129,613,1202,1226]" box="[129,613,1202,1226]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FF4FFB37FF6CFB3E" box="[129,203,1202,1226]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colour:</emphasis>
|
||||
White alive and in ethanol (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE3FFB37FDF3FB3E" box="[497,596,1202,1226]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE3FFB37FDF3FB3E" box="[497,596,1202,1226]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502620/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
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@ -170,26 +173,26 @@ White alive and in ethanol (
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<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FF4FFB69FF50FAF7" box="[129,247,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description:</emphasis>
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Sponge massive, with cormus formed by regular and tightly anastomosed tubes (
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE29FA8EFDFFFAD7" box="[487,600,1291,1315]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE29FA8EFDFFFAD7" box="[487,600,1291,1315]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502620/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
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). Outer surface smooth and, in some regions, folded. Various water-collecting tubes emerge from conical projections on the surface (
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FD7FFACFFD5EFA95" box="[689,761,1353,1378]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FD7FFACFFD5EFA95" box="[689,761,1353,1378]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502620/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the thicker parts of the cormus, there is a space lined by the walls of internal tubes, giving the appearance of an atrial cavity, but lacking membrane around it (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE2BFA2DFD96FA4B" box="[485,561,1447,1472]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE2BFA2DFD96FA4B" box="[485,561,1447,1472]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502620/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Aquiferous system asconoid. Skeleton typical of the genus, with rare tripods present on the surface of the external tubes, triactines, and tetractines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FF45F983FF71F9E9" box="[139,214,1541,1566]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FF45F983FF71F9E9" box="[139,214,1541,1566]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502620/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF5FF82FE9FF9C6FD9FF9AA" blockId="6.[128,778,1603,1760]" box="[337,568,1603,1630]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FE9FF9C6FD9FF9AA" box="[337,568,1603,1630]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Spicules (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE65F9C1FE7AF9A9" box="[427,477,1603,1629]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE65F9C1FE7AF9A9" box="[427,477,1603,1629]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502624/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||||
; Table 2)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF5FF82FF4FF9EFFF55F914" blockId="6.[128,778,1603,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FF4FF9EFFF74F976" box="[129,211,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tripods:</emphasis>
|
||||
Regular to subregular. Actines conical, stout, and undulated, with blunt to sharp tips. They resemble large triactines and are very rare (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FEC1F92DFEFFF934" box="[271,344,1704,1728]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FEC1F92DFEFFF934" box="[271,344,1704,1728]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502624/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FE67F92CFDE9F934" box="[425,590,1704,1728]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">UFRJPOR 7524</emphasis>
|
||||
): 63.4 (±5.5)/8.4 (±1.1) µm.
|
||||
|
|
@ -197,7 +200,7 @@ Regular to subregular. Actines conical, stout, and undulated, with blunt to shar
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF5FF82FF4FF887FF54F8AC" blockId="6.[128,777,1793,1880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FF4FF887FF40F8ED" box="[129,231,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Triactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Regular. Actines slightly conical to conical, with blunt to sharp tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FEDEF8A5FEFFF8CC" box="[272,344,1824,1848]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FEDEF8A5FEFFF8CC" box="[272,344,1824,1848]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502624/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FE66F8A4FDE9F8CC" box="[424,590,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">UFRJPOR 7524</emphasis>
|
||||
): 56.6 (±6.3)/6.8 (±1.0) µm.
|
||||
|
|
@ -205,9 +208,9 @@ Regular. Actines slightly conical to conical, with blunt to sharp tips (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF5FF82FF4FF8FFFC36FEF2" blockId="6.[129,778,1913,1968]" lastBlockId="6.[825,1474,144,262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FF4FF8FFFF56F865" box="[129,241,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tetractines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Regular. Actines slightly conical to conical, with blunt to sharp tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE9AF81DFE65F844" box="[340,450,1944,1968]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FE9AF81DFE65F844" box="[340,450,1944,1968]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502624/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Apical actine slightly conical, smooth, or with well-developed spines organized in five to nine rows (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FCB5FF2AFC60FF33" box="[891,967,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FCB5FF2AFC60FF33" box="[891,967,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-335@11.[148,1425,144,1279]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6.Spicules of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, tripod. B, triactine.C, tetractine. D, two types of apical actines, one smooth (arrow head) and the other with spines (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502624/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is straight and sharp. Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FAC4FF35FA17FF33" box="[1290,1456,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">UFRJPOR 7524</emphasis>
|
||||
): 56.9 (±5.1)/6.4 (±1.1) µm (basal); 53.1 (±9.2)/4.9 (±0.7) µm (apical).
|
||||
|
|
@ -217,7 +220,7 @@ Regular. Actines slightly conical to conical, with blunt to sharp tips (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF5FF82FCF7FEA2FC3AFEAB" blockId="6.[825,1474,295,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF5FF82FCF7FEA2FC2BFECB" box="[825,908,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ecology:</emphasis>
|
||||
Large patch of the specimen was encrusting a boulder (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FC8AFEC2FC2AFEAA" box="[836,909,326,351]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF5FF82FC8AFEC2FC2AFEAA" box="[836,909,326,351]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-297@10.[129,1473,144,1249]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology of the holotype of Borojevia moana sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7524). A, specimens in situ encrusting the surface of a rock (no scale available). B, detail of the anastomosis of the holotype. C, section of a thicker part of the body evidencing the spaces between anastomosed tubes (*). D, tangential section of the body surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502620/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -442,9 +445,9 @@ tripods: 81.0 (±8.2)/11.0 (±1.7) µm; triactines: 78.2 (±10.6)/10.8 (±1.5)
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A7D457A4FFF4FF83FB0CF8B5FAB4F8BC" box="[1218,1299,1840,1864]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
—tripods: 63.4 (±5.5)/8.4 (±1.1) µm; triactines: 56.6 (±6.3)/6.8 (±1.0) µm; tetractines: 56.9 (±5.1)/6.4 (±1.1) µm (basal); 53.1 (±9.2)/4.9 (±0.7) µm (apical)]. Moreover, our molecular results clearly show that they are different evolutive lineages (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF4FF83FAC6F828FAE3F831" box="[1288,1348,1965,1989]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1740,1764]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,145,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-96@7.[114,1458,144,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the C-LSU of Calcinea. Sequences generated in the present work are highlighted in bold. Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes (<means value below 60%). Tree rooted with Neoernsta, Clathrina, and Janusya." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF4FF83FAC6F828FAE3F831" box="[1288,1348,1965,1989]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1740,1764]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,145,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-96@7.[114,1458,144,1712]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the C-LSU of Calcinea. Sequences generated in the present work are highlighted in bold. Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes (<means value below 60%). Tree rooted with Neoernsta, Clathrina, and Janusya." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502609/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF4FF83FA80F828FAFCF831" box="[1358,1371,1965,1989]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[127,192,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[161,1441,144,1616]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the ITS of Calcinea.Sequences generated in the present work are highlighted in bold. Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes (<means value below 60%). Tree rooted with Neoernsta, Clathrina, and Janusya." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF4FF83FA80F828FAFCF831" box="[1358,1371,1965,1989]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[127,192,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-106@8.[161,1441,144,1616]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the ITS of Calcinea.Sequences generated in the present work are highlighted in bold. Bootstrap values are shown at the nodes (<means value below 60%). Tree rooted with Neoernsta, Clathrina, and Janusya." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502612/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,61 +1,64 @@
|
|||
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<mods:namePart id="0CBA6E45D55F6CC9B1D8DADD43090F9C">Lopes, Matheus Vieira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0F2B23785F8441E01EBBBE73994D4D2">Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Zoology Department, TaxoN Laboratory, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho 791, CEP 21941 - 599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CBED0A6CFB1393A3DEC9BC8FE7688FCB">Pérez, Thierry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C186B9C4A7C65A2A374F808854232163">Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, Université d’Avignon, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D096298471E2642FA98EC03831C77A35">Pérez, Thierry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="27962F4E8ED6E66251660883DC68DEA7">Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, Université d’Avignon, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="44BBE620FC8805F7E37CD9020702852E">Klautau, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6FC67ADC0DABD4E02152F15B8CFED3E4">Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Zoology Department, TaxoN Laboratory, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho 791, CEP 21941 - 599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="DFF3A8E2C7DFBE5ADDFD1CE34ADA984D">Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Biology Institute, Zoology Department, TaxoN Laboratory, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho 791, CEP 21941 - 599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="50A20547DA7FA30FE0C58B41AD0CCC41" type="email">mklautau@biologia.ufrj.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8FAD53ADECBD199DCDD1A4F265C11846">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="F0EA449186B0CAA44D44BAC181B30AA2">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C1B729F84AFDA522E5C45B39366F648E">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AC696EEA30F7F70022C4A5C0839B4BD4">202</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D3315A460592693DD4B9B980A6DE8FAD">202</mods:number>
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<treatment id="063A87DBFFFBFF88FEE6F8ABFAB6FF33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:063A87DBFFFBFF88FEE6F8ABFAB6FF33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/063A87DBFFFBFF88FEE6F8ABFAB6FF33" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatment id="063A87DBFFFBFF88FEE6F8ABFAB6FF33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502616" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502616" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:063A87DBFFFBFF88FEE6F8ABFAB6FF33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/063A87DBFFFBFF88FEE6F8ABFAB6FF33" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" scope_class="Calcarea" scope_family="Clathrinidae" scope_order="Clathrinida" scope_phylum="Porifera" scope_subClass="Calcinea">
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<subSubSection id="C6896546FFFBFF8CFEE6F8ABFDC5F8BD" box="[296,610,1838,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFBFF8CFEE6F8ABFDC5F8BD" blockId="8.[296,610,1838,1865]" box="[296,610,1838,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D56481A1FFFBFF8CFEE6F8ABFDC5F8BD" bold="true" box="[296,610,1838,1865]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
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@ -72,11 +75,11 @@
|
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<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFBFF8CFEADF8DBFD80F88C" blockId="8.[355,551,1886,1912]" box="[355,551,1886,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFBFF8CFEADF8DBFD80F88C" bold="true" box="[355,551,1886,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFBFF8CFEA0F8DBFE0CF88C" box="[366,427,1886,1912]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFBFF8CFEA0F8DBFE0CF88C" box="[366,427,1886,1912]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502628/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFBFF8CFE7BF8DBFE64F88C" box="[437,451,1886,1912]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFBFF8CFE7BF8DBFE64F88C" box="[437,451,1886,1912]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502630/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFFBFF8CFE01F8DBFDBBF88C" box="[463,540,1886,1912]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="15.[114,169,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 3. Spicules measurements of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov. and Leucascus digitiformis (from Klautau et al. 2020). (H) = holotype." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFFBFF8CFE01F8DBFDBBF88C" box="[463,540,1886,1912]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="15.[114,169,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 3. Spicules measurements of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov. and Leucascus digitiformis (from Klautau et al. 2020). (H) = holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="DAEC6645FFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -121,7 +124,7 @@ For Pierre Watremez, who passed away in
|
|||
by carrying out several preparatory missions to get the Marquesans on board with the scientific objectives, and by providing the necessary facilities (boat, crew, and ROV), so that the scientists could simply concentrate on their task.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFFAFF8DFFBFF92DFD86F90C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[113,178,1704,1728]" targetBox="[148,1424,146,1674]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFFAFF8DFFBFF92DFD86F90C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502618/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[113,178,1704,1728]" targetBox="[148,1424,146,1674]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFAFF8DFFBFF92DFD86F90C" blockId="9.[113,1441,1704,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFAFF8DFFBFF92DFF6EF934" bold="true" box="[113,201,1704,1728]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the C-LSU of
|
||||
|
|
@ -135,7 +138,7 @@ and
|
|||
+ Baeriida.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFF9FF8EFF4FFB78FD46FAB9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFF9FF8EFF4FFB78FD46FAB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502620/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[129,194,1277,1301]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1249]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF9FF8EFF4FFB78FD46FAB9" blockId="10.[129,1417,1277,1357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF9FF8EFF4FFB78FF7FFAE1" bold="true" box="[129,216,1277,1301]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphology of the holotype of
|
||||
|
|
@ -208,7 +211,7 @@ depth
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF9FF8EFF4FF9E8FDC2F971" blockId="10.[129,613,1645,1669]" box="[129,613,1645,1669]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF9FF8EFF4FF9E8FF6CF971" box="[129,203,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colour:</emphasis>
|
||||
White alive and in ethanol (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFE3FF9E8FDF3F970" box="[497,596,1645,1669]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFE3FF9E8FDF3F970" box="[497,596,1645,1669]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502628/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -216,30 +219,30 @@ White alive and in ethanol (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF9FF8EFF4FF922FBE5FA07" blockId="10.[128,778,1702,1977]" lastBlockId="10.[825,1477,1405,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF9FF8EFF4FF922FF5CF94A" box="[129,251,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description:</emphasis>
|
||||
Sponge massive and lobate, each lobe has an apical osculum. Cormus formed by regular and tightly anastomosed tubes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFEF5F960FE09F909" box="[315,430,1765,1789]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFEF5F960FE09F909" box="[315,430,1765,1789]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502628/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A cortical membrane covers the entire sponge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFE94F881FE68F8E8" box="[346,463,1796,1820]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFE94F881FE68F8E8" box="[346,463,1796,1820]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502628/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Atrium hispid and delimited by endopinacoderm (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFE69F8A6FE51F8CF" box="[423,502,1827,1851]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFE69F8A6FE51F8CF" box="[423,502,1827,1851]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502628/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Aquiferous system solenoid. Oscular skeleton composed of sagittal triactines and tetractines, visibly a variation of the choanosomal spicules. Cortical skeleton with tripods similar to large regular triactines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFF45F824FF73F84C" box="[139,212,1953,1977]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFF45F824FF73F84C" box="[139,212,1953,1977]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502628/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Surrounding the inhalant apertures, there are small, regular triactines of the same category of those present in the choanosome. Choanosomal and atrial skeletons composed of small, regular triactines and tetractines, with the latter being more abundant (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFC24FA5EFB96FA06" box="[1002,1073,1499,1523]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFC24FA5EFB96FA06" box="[1002,1073,1499,1523]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502628/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF9FF8EFBC4F98BFB56F9DC" blockId="10.[825,1475,1550,1675]" box="[1034,1265,1550,1576]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF9FF8EFBC4F98BFB56F9DC" box="[1034,1265,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Spicules (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFBADF98BFB31F9DC" box="[1123,1174,1550,1576]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig.8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFBADF98BFB31F9DC" box="[1123,1174,1550,1576]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502630/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig.8</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFF9FF8EFB6FF98BFB40F9DC" box="[1185,1255,1550,1576]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="15.[114,169,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 3. Spicules measurements of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov. and Leucascus digitiformis (from Klautau et al. 2020). (H) = holotype." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFF9FF8EFB6FF98BFB40F9DC" box="[1185,1255,1550,1576]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="15.[114,169,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 3. Spicules measurements of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov. and Leucascus digitiformis (from Klautau et al. 2020). (H) = holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="DAEC6645FFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF9FF8EFCF7F9B1FAC8F97F" blockId="10.[825,1475,1550,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF9FF8EFCF7F9B1FC2CF9B8" box="[825,907,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tripods:</emphasis>
|
||||
Regular, similar to large triactines. Actines conical and straight, with blunt to sharp tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFB52F9D6FB4FF998" box="[1180,1256,1619,1644]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFB52F9D6FB4FF998" box="[1180,1256,1619,1644]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502630/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). They are very rare. Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF9FF8EFCBDF9F6FBB0F97F" box="[883,1047,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UFRJPOR 7519</emphasis>
|
||||
): 107.8 (±20.1)/13.1 (±2.1) µm.
|
||||
|
|
@ -247,7 +250,7 @@ Regular, similar to large triactines. Actines conical and straight, with blunt t
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF9FF8EFCF7F928FC0CF8F7" blockId="10.[825,1474,1708,1795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF9FF8EFCF7F928FC07F930" box="[825,928,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Triactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Regular. Actines slightly conical to conical with blunt to sharp tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFC07F94EFBB7F910" box="[969,1040,1739,1764]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFC07F94EFBB7F910" box="[969,1040,1739,1764]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502630/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF9FF8EFBAFF949FAA1F910" box="[1121,1286,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UFRJPOR 7519</emphasis>
|
||||
): 52.6 (±5.5)/7.4 (±0.7) µm.
|
||||
|
|
@ -255,15 +258,15 @@ Regular. Actines slightly conical to conical with blunt to sharp tips (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF9FF8EFCF7F8A0FBA7F84D" blockId="10.[825,1474,1828,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF9FF8EFCF7F8A0FC0DF8C8" box="[825,938,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tetractines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Regular. Basal actines similar to the choanosomal and atrial triactines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFBD9F8C6FB21F8AF" box="[1047,1158,1859,1884]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFBD9F8C6FB21F8AF" box="[1047,1158,1859,1884]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502630/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The apical actine is conical, smooth, straight, with sharp tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFB62F8E6FB5BF88F" box="[1196,1276,1891,1915]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF9FF8EFB62F8E6FB5BF88F" box="[1196,1276,1891,1915]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-226@14.[163,1440,144,1456]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8.Spicules of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, tripod. B, triactine. C, tetractine.D, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502630/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF9FF8EFA99F8E6FCCAF86E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UFRJPOR 7519</emphasis>
|
||||
): 58.4 (±4.5)/6.4 (±1.1) µm (basal); 53.1 (±9.2)/4.9 (±0.7) µm (apical).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFF8FF8FFFBDFA9FFD50FABB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" targetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFF8FF8FFFBDFA9FFD50FABB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502624/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[115,180,1306,1330]" targetBox="[148,1425,144,1279]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF8FF8FFFBDFA9FFD50FABB" blockId="11.[113,1415,1306,1359]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF8FF8FFFBDFA9FFF6CFAC7" bold="true" box="[115,203,1306,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Spicules of the holotype of
|
||||
|
|
@ -280,7 +283,7 @@ Spicules of the holotype of
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFF8FF8FFFBFFAFAFF71FA42" blockId="11.[113,763,1407,1462]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF8FF8FFFBFFAFAFF63FA63" box="[113,196,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecology:</emphasis>
|
||||
The sponges were growing among polychaete tubes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF8FF8FFFB2FA1BFF61FA42" box="[124,198,1438,1462]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFF8FF8FFFB2FA1BFF61FA42" box="[124,198,1438,1462]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[146,1426,144,1726]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Morphology of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov.(UFRJPOR 7519). A, specimen in situ (no scale available). B, fixed specimens.C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502628/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -390,7 +393,7 @@ Klautau
|
|||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFF8FF8FFA9DF892FC3EF8B9" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Leucascus digitiformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
they are abundant and well-developed. The tripods are also larger and thicker in the former (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFF8FF8FFB1CF8D0FAB9F899" box="[1234,1310,1877,1901]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="15.[114,169,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 3. Spicules measurements of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov. and Leucascus digitiformis (from Klautau et al. 2020). (H) = holotype." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFF8FF8FFB1CF8D0FAB9F899" box="[1234,1310,1877,1901]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="15.[114,169,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 3. Spicules measurements of the holotype of Bidderia watremezi sp. nov. and Leucascus digitiformis (from Klautau et al. 2020). (H) = holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DAEC6645FFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). We unfortunately did not succeed in getting a DNA sequence of both specimens to infer their phylogenetic relationship. Considering the mentioned morphological differences, we tentatively place this species in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="49934D4EFFFFFF88FBC7FF15FBFAFF5C" box="[1033,1117,144,168]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Bidderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFFFF88FBC7FF15FBFAFF5C" box="[1033,1117,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bidderia</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,61 +1,64 @@
|
|||
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<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFCFF8BFC31FC8FFB79FCD0" blockId="15.[1023,1246,778,805]" box="[1023,1246,778,805]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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(
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFBC7FC8FFBF2FCD1" box="[1033,1109,778,805]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFBC7FC8FFBF2FCD1" box="[1033,1109,778,805]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFB91FC8EFBDCFCD1" box="[1119,1147,779,805]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">12</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFB91FC8EFBDCFCD1" box="[1119,1147,779,805]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502640/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">12</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C3110376FFFCFF8BFB48FC8EFB73FCD1" box="[1158,1236,779,805]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="20.[129,184,1609,1633]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Table 5. Spicule measurements of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Table 5</tableCitation>
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<tableCitation id="C3110376FFFCFF8BFB48FC8EFB73FCD1" box="[1158,1236,779,805]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="20.[129,184,1609,1633]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Table 5. Spicule measurements of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFE7FF90FF4FF9CCFCEBF994" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="DAEC6645FFE7FF90FF4FF9CCFCEBF994">Table 5</tableCitation>
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)
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@ -325,7 +328,7 @@ depth
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<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFCFF8BFCE4F9CCFAF0F995" blockId="15.[810,1367,1609,1633]" box="[810,1367,1609,1633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFCFF8BFCE4F9CCFCD2F995" box="[810,885,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colour:</emphasis>
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White to beige alive and in ethanol (
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFB3FF9CCFAE0F995" box="[1265,1351,1609,1633]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFB3FF9CCFAE0F995" box="[1265,1351,1609,1633]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -333,24 +336,24 @@ White to beige alive and in ethanol (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFCFF95FCE4F903FE3DFA83" blockId="15.[810,1460,1669,1975]" lastBlockId="17.[113,763,1218,1399]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFCFF8BFCE4F903FC06F969" box="[810,929,1670,1693]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description:</emphasis>
|
||||
Sponge subspherical, globular or slightly flattened (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFCB7F920FC72F949" box="[889,981,1701,1725]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFCB7F920FC72F949" box="[889,981,1701,1725]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Consistency hard and harsh to the touch. The exhalant region is covered with scales, except for the oscula (one or two), which are surrounded by sagittal triactines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFA43F966FCF5F8EF" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFA43F966FCF5F8EF" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). No scales are present in the inhalant region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFA86F886FA05F8EF" box="[1352,1442,1795,1819]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFA86F886FA05F8EF" box="[1352,1442,1795,1819]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Surface smooth and translucid, allowing observation of the canals. Atrium reduced to spaces within the hypercalcified skeleton. Aquiferous system leuconoid. The skeleton can be divided into two regions: one superficial composed of free spicules (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFA43F805FCD7F843" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11B–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFCFF8BFA43F805FCD7F843" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11B–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and a basal skeleton with a framework of hypercalcified sclerodermites (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FED2FB47FED2FB2F" box="[284,373,1218,1243]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FED2FB47FED2FB2F" box="[284,373,1218,1243]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The inhalant region is marked by regular triactines surrounding the inhalant apertures (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FD5DFB67FD4EFB0E" box="[659,745,1250,1274]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FD5DFB67FD4EFB0E" box="[659,745,1250,1274]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the exhalant region, there are scales covering the cortex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FD1AFA84FF39FACD" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FD1AFA84FF39FACD" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and diapason in bundles underneath the scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FD58FAA5FD4EFACD" box="[662,745,1312,1337]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FD58FAA5FD4EFACD" box="[662,745,1312,1337]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[114,1458,144,1805]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Morphology of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, specimen in situ. B, skeleton of the oscular region.C, inhalant region with apertures delimited by inhalant triactines.D, scales from the exhalant region.E, bundles of diapasons underneath the scales. F, exhalant region and basal fused skeleton.Abbreviations:bfs, basal fused skeleton; er, exhalant region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502638/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Trichoxeas are present on the external surface and among the hypercalcified basal skeleton.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE3FF94FF4FF8ADFCADF88C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE3FF94FF4FF8ADFCADF88C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502634/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE3FF94FF4FF8ADFCADF88C" blockId="16.[129,1464,1832,1912]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE3FF94FF4FF8ADFF7FF8B4" bold="true" box="[129,216,1832,1856]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphology of the holotype of
|
||||
|
|
@ -365,7 +368,7 @@ Morphology of the holotype of
|
|||
(sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex. F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE2FF95FFBFFBDBFF75FB66" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" targetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE2FF95FFBFFBDBFF75FB66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502636" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502636/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" targetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE2FF95FFBFFBDBFF75FB66" blockId="17.[113,1366,1118,1170]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE2FF95FFBFFBDBFF71FB82" bold="true" box="[113,214,1118,1142]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
Spicules of the holotype of
|
||||
|
|
@ -381,34 +384,34 @@ Spicules of the holotype of
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE2FF95FEF2FA12FD97FA45" blockId="17.[113,763,1431,1588]" box="[316,560,1431,1457]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE2FF95FEF2FA12FD97FA45" box="[316,560,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Spicules (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FE5BFA12FE73FA45" box="[405,468,1431,1457]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig.12</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FE5BFA12FE73FA45" box="[405,468,1431,1457]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502640/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig.12</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFE2FF95FE2EFA12FD81FA45" box="[480,550,1431,1457]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="20.[129,184,1609,1633]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Table 5. Spicule measurements of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFE2FF95FE2EFA12FD81FA45" box="[480,550,1431,1457]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="20.[129,184,1609,1633]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Table 5. Spicule measurements of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFE7FF90FF4FF9CCFCEBF994" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="DAEC6645FFE7FF90FF4FF9CCFCEBF994">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE2FF95FFBFFA38FD2FF9C7" blockId="17.[113,763,1431,1588]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE2FF95FFBFFA38FE82FA21" box="[113,293,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oscular triactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Sagittal. Actines cylindrical, undulated, with rounded tips. Paired actines much longer than the unpaired one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FFB2FA79FF73F9E0" box="[124,212,1532,1556]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FFB2FA79FF73F9E0" box="[124,212,1532,1556]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502640/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (UFRJPOR 7525): 123.6 (±24.2)/7.9 (±1.4) µm (paired); 27.7 (±7.3)/8.7 (±1.6) µm (unpaired).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE2FF95FFBFF9D0FDD9F958" blockId="17.[113,762,1620,1708]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE2FF95FFBFF9D0FF7FF998" box="[113,216,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Triactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Subregular. Actines cylindrical, undulated and commonly curved, with blunt to rounded tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FDADF9F1FD1FF978" box="[611,696,1652,1676]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FDADF9F1FD1FF978" box="[611,696,1652,1676]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502640/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (UFRJPOR 7525): 117.2 (±17.0)/11.5 (±2.7) µm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE2FF95FFBFF949FF74F896" blockId="17.[113,763,1740,1890]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE2FF95FFBFF949FF14F910" box="[113,179,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Scales:</emphasis>
|
||||
As the actines are fused, this spicule is almost circular. It is either smooth or rugose at the external surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FD5FF969FD4EF8F0" box="[657,745,1772,1796]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FD5FF969FD4EF8F0" box="[657,745,1772,1796]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502640/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Younger forms, without the complete fusion of the actines, have sharp tips. Size (UFRJPOR 7525): 382.7 (±113.9) µm in diameter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE2FF95FFBFF801FA84FACC" blockId="17.[112,763,1923,1978]" lastBlockId="17.[810,1461,1218,1337]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE2FF95FFBFF801FF78F86F" box="[113,223,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diapasons:</emphasis>
|
||||
In these spicules, the paired actines are parallel to each other and opposed to the unpaired actine. Actines cylindrical and undulated, with rounded tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FB57FB47FB54FB2F" box="[1177,1267,1218,1243]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
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<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFE2FF95FB57FB47FB54FB2F" box="[1177,1267,1218,1243]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[161,1441,144,1510]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Spicules of Murrayona phanolepis (UFRJPOR 7525). A, oscular triactine.B, triactines of the inhalant region. C, scales. D, diapasons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502640/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
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||||
). Commonly, one of the paired actines is curved and shorter than the other. Size (UFRJPOR 7525): 71.6 (±8.5)/6.1 (±1.2) µm (longer paired actines); 66.9 (±10.0)/9.5 (±1.7) µm (unpaired).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -507,7 +510,7 @@ matches that of our material from the
|
|||
<collectingCountry id="F684765DFFE2FF95FCE5F827FC7AF84E" box="[811,989,1954,1978]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
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||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFE1FF96FF4FFF0AFEAEFF37" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[129,184,143,167]" targetBox="[129,1474,216,824]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
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<caption id="DAEC6645FFE1FF96FF4FFF0AFEAEFF37" ID-Table-UUID="DAEC6645FFE1FF96FF4FFF0AFEAEFF37" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFE1FF96FF4FFF0AFEAEFF37" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[129,184,143,167]" targetBox="[129,1474,216,824]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
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<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFE1FF96FF4FFF0AFEAEFF37" blockId="18.[129,1414,142,195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFE1FF96FF4FFF0AFF69FF52" bold="true" box="[129,206,142,167]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Spicule measurements of
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,61 +1,64 @@
|
|||
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFFFF88FBD1FEF0FBFAFE7B" box="[1055,1117,373,399]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFFFF88FBD1FEF0FBFAFE7B" box="[1055,1117,373,399]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502634/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFFFF88FBA9FEF0FB24FE7B" box="[1127,1155,373,399]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-391@17.[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Spicules of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7520). A, triactine.B, tetractine.C, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFFFF88FBA9FEF0FB24FE7B" box="[1127,1155,373,399]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-391@17.[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Spicules of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7520). A, triactine.B, tetractine.C, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502636/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">10</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFFFFF88FB40FEF0FB7BFE7B" box="[1166,1244,373,399]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="18.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[129,1474,216,824]" captionText="Table 4. Spicule measurements of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov., Leucascus simplex and Leucascus flavus. (H) = holotype; (P) = paratype; (S) = syntype." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFFFFF88FB40FEF0FB7BFE7B" box="[1166,1244,373,399]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="18.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[129,1474,216,824]" captionText="Table 4. Spicule measurements of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov., Leucascus simplex and Leucascus flavus. (H) = holotype; (P) = paratype; (S) = syntype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFE1FF96FF4FFF0AFEAEFF37" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DAEC6645FFE1FF96FF4FFF0AFEAEFF37">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -151,7 +154,7 @@ Beige
|
|||
with subspherical cormus. Skeleton composed of slightly conical and sharp triactines and tetractines. Triactines are the most abundant spicules in the cortex and choanosome. In the atrium, tetractines are the most abundant. Apical actine of the tetractines needle-like always covered with short spines.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFFFFF88FF6CFCC7FF1CF841" box="[162,187,834,1973]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[162,187,834,837]" targetBox="[208,696,144,1973]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFFFFF88FF6CFCC7FF1CF841" ID-Table-UUID="DAEC6645FFFFFF88FF6CFCC7FF1CF841" box="[162,187,834,1973]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFFFFF88FF6CFCC7FF1CF841" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[162,187,834,837]" targetBox="[208,696,144,1973]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFFFF88FF6CFCC7FF1CF841" blockId="12.[162,187,834,1973]" box="[162,187,834,1973]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5128886FFFFFFF88FF6CFCC0FF1CFC69" box="[162,187,837,925]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
|
|
@ -447,7 +450,7 @@ Van From *
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFFFF88FCF7F968FAF8F8F1" blockId="12.[825,1375,1773,1797]" box="[825,1375,1773,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFFFF88FCF7F968FC23F8F1" box="[825,900,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colour:</emphasis>
|
||||
Light beige in life and in ethanol (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFFFF88FB28F968FAE8F8F1" box="[1254,1359,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFFFF88FB28F968FAE8F8F1" box="[1254,1359,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502634/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -455,13 +458,13 @@ Light beige in life and in ethanol (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFFFF89FCF7F8A0FBA3F844" blockId="12.[825,1474,1829,1978]" lastBlockId="13.[810,1460,1881,1968]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFFFF88FCF7F8A0FC12F8C8" box="[825,949,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description:</emphasis>
|
||||
Sponge subspherical with one or two apical oscula surrounded by a membrane, sometimes more than one ‘sphere’ connected (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFFFF88FBD2F8E6FB29F88F" box="[1052,1166,1891,1915]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFFFF88FBD2F8E6FB29F88F" box="[1052,1166,1891,1915]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502634/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A smooth cortical membrane covers the tubes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFFFF88FB9AF806FB0EF86F" box="[1108,1193,1923,1947]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFFFF88FB9AF806FB0EF86F" box="[1108,1193,1923,1947]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502634/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Anastomosis tight and regular. Atrium surrounded by endopinacoderm, with evident excurrent canals. Aquiferous system solenoid. Skeleton of the cortex and tubes composed mainly of triactines and few tetractines. Tubes predominantly smooth, but occasionally tetractines project their apical actines into the lumen (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFEFF89FA42F8DCFCE1F865" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFEFF89FA42F8DCFCE1F865" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502634/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Atrial skeleton composed of few triactines and abundant tetractines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFEFF89FC64F81DFC54F844" box="[938,1011,1944,1968]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFEFF89FC64F81DFC54F844" box="[938,1011,1944,1968]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[129,1473,144,1804]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 7520). A, specimen in situ (sponge on the left; UFRJPOR 7518). B, fixed holotype. C, detail of the cormus of the holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex.F, tangential section of the atrium.Abbreviations:at, atrium; cx, cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502634/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFFFF88FF1EF8EEFD1FFF5C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
|
|
@ -678,7 +681,7 @@ ZMAPOR 12435 *
|
|||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFFEFF89FFBFF95CFDB3F8DD" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" targetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFFEFF89FFBFF95CFDB3F8DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502628" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502628/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[113,178,1753,1777]" targetBox="[146,1426,144,1726]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFEFF89FFBFF95CFDB3F8DD" blockId="13.[113,1388,1753,1834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFEFF89FFBFF95CFF6EF906" bold="true" box="[113,201,1753,1778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphology of the holotype of
|
||||
|
|
@ -693,7 +696,7 @@ Morphology of the holotype of
|
|||
(no scale available). B, fixed specimens. C, detail of the fixed holotype. D, cross-section of the skeleton. E, tangential section of the cortex. F, tangential section of the atrium. Abbreviations: at, atrium; cx, cortex.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFFDFF8AFF4CFA49FF46F9F4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" targetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFFDFF8AFF4CFA49FF46F9F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502630" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14502630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502630/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[130,195,1484,1508]" targetBox="[163,1440,144,1456]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFDFF8AFF4CFA49FF46F9F4" blockId="14.[129,1433,1484,1536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFDFF8AFF4CFA49FF7DFA10" bold="true" box="[130,218,1484,1508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
Spicules of the holotype of
|
||||
|
|
@ -709,16 +712,16 @@ Spicules of the holotype of
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFDFF8AFE85F9AAFD98F9BE" blockId="14.[129,779,1583,1678]" box="[331,575,1583,1610]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFDFF8AFE85F9AAFD98F9BE" box="[331,575,1583,1610]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
Spicules (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFDFF8AFE6AF9B5FE44F9BE" box="[420,483,1584,1610]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-391@17.[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Spicules of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7520). A, triactine.B, tetractine.C, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig.10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFDFF8AFE6AF9B5FE44F9BE" box="[420,483,1584,1610]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-391@17.[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Spicules of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7520). A, triactine.B, tetractine.C, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502636/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig.10</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFFDFF8AFE21F9AAFD92F9BE" box="[495,565,1583,1610]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="18.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[129,1474,216,824]" captionText="Table 4. Spicule measurements of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov., Leucascus simplex and Leucascus flavus. (H) = holotype; (P) = paratype; (S) = syntype." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C3110376FFFDFF8AFE21F9AAFD92F9BE" box="[495,565,1583,1610]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="18.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[129,1474,216,824]" captionText="Table 4. Spicule measurements of Leucascus polynesiensis sp. nov., Leucascus simplex and Leucascus flavus. (H) = holotype; (P) = paratype; (S) = syntype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFE1FF96FF4FFF0AFEAEFF37" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="DAEC6645FFE1FF96FF4FFF0AFEAEFF37">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFDFF8AFF4FF9D2FCADF97A" blockId="14.[129,779,1583,1678]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFDFF8AFF4FF9D2FF79F99A" box="[129,222,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Triactines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Regular to subregular. Actines slightly conical, with sharp tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFDFF8AFF7EF9F0FF59F979" box="[176,254,1653,1677]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-391@17.[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Spicules of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7520). A, triactine.B, tetractine.C, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig.10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFDFF8AFF7EF9F0FF59F979" box="[176,254,1653,1677]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-391@17.[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Spicules of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7520). A, triactine.B, tetractine.C, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502636/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig.10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size(
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFDFF8AFE8AF9F3FE7AF979" box="[324,477,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">UFRJPOR 7520</emphasis>
|
||||
): 107.0 (±14.7)/9.8 (±1.0) µm.
|
||||
|
|
@ -726,9 +729,9 @@ Regular to subregular. Actines slightly conical, with sharp tips (
|
|||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFDFF8AFF4FF928FD66F8B6" blockId="14.[129,778,1709,1858]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFDFF8AFF4FF928FF56F930" box="[129,241,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tetractines:</emphasis>
|
||||
Regular to subregular. Actines slightly conical, with sharp tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFDFF8AFF39F949FECBF910" box="[247,364,1740,1764]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-391@17.[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Spicules of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7520). A, triactine.B, tetractine.C, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFDFF8AFF39F949FECBF910" box="[247,364,1740,1764]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-391@17.[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Spicules of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7520). A, triactine.B, tetractine.C, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502636/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The apical actine is very thin (needle-like), cylindrical and sharp, almost entirely covered with short spines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFDFF8AFF18F88EFE95F8D7" box="[214,306,1803,1827]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-391@17.[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Spicules of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7520). A, triactine.B, tetractine.C, apical actine of a tetractine." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="16A82A48FFFDFF8AFF18F88EFE95F8D7" box="[214,306,1803,1827]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1118,1142]" captionTargetBox="[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-391@17.[210,1362,144,1091]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Spicules of the holotype of Leucascus polynesiensis sp.nov.(UFRJPOR 7520). A, triactine.B, tetractine.C, apical actine of a tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14502636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14502636/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Size (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFDFF8AFE43F88EFD90F8D7" box="[397,567,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">UFRJPOR 7520</emphasis>
|
||||
): 106.0 (±8.7)/9.4 (±1.0) µm (basal); 76.9 (±22.0)/4.9 (±0.4) (apical) µm.
|
||||
|
|
@ -825,7 +828,7 @@ belong to the new species
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[114,169,143,167]" targetBox="[113,1459,216,569]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15" targetType="table">
|
||||
<caption id="DAEC6645FFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37" ID-Table-UUID="DAEC6645FFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAEC6645FFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[114,169,143,167]" targetBox="[113,1459,216,569]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C36CDFFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFEACFF37" blockId="15.[113,1342,142,195]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE7EADFFFFCFF8BFFBCFF0AFF67FF52" bold="true" box="[114,192,142,167]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Spicules measurements of the holotype of
|
||||
|
|
|
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Reference in a new issue