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<document id="EF5EB0551932BA24CEF186B7D7252FCA" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938" ID-ZooBank="48F428DA-4F53-4B37-AA3A-608A19B5F7D4" ID-publisher-id="125938" URI-arpha="A097B17C-63ED-54A0-ACB5-DAB2E53D5477" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/48F428DA-4F53-4B37-AA3A-608A19B5F7D4" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1722523877121" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Du, Ruolan, Yang, Yuxia, Yang, Xingke &amp; Liu, Haoyu" docDate="2024" docId="F00F8690CB1F5416B2B7D12284C81814" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1208: 315-330" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1208" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/125938/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Macrolycus quartus Y. Yang, Du &amp; Liu 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="809EBD56-644B-416A-B944-6A8E12A3F738" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="330" masterDocId="A097B17C63ED54A0ACB5DAB2E53D5477" masterDocTitle="Five new species of the Macrolycus ligulatus species-group from China (Coleoptera, Lycidae)" masterLastPageNumber="330" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="315" updateTime="1722523957730" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="BB5305794E9FAD51C4DAAAAB738E7C39" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="977F2C7CCCBA8342DB2F0F74A67672C7">
<mods:title id="F142DF8F2D7ACBED46BB688B054772FF">Five new species of the Macrolycus ligulatus species-group from China (Coleoptera, Lycidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="163685A365589AD62360772FBB8C5608" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E3F1D96A1328A9B519A769111AEB5AB9">Du, Ruolan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3B28FC3731DAD33256795B831B41C714">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7E939F484BAF865852D65AD2DE440A6F">Yang, Yuxia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5056D1EC2DE7227C43B71DF8558FF682" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3118-6659</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6C806DD8E15F4A3383B0ECF2C288CC4B">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6257792726FE4482739BFF808FF58E31">Yang, Xingke</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BCCE8AA0A49C81B9F55E1CC95826DF8F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3676-6828</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0F827A106A2C131CB00CEF5CBEF47F4B">Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="98D3C1CBC392C4C8F2C50A6E7D230845">Liu, Haoyu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D96195B8E6D6754285DDDBE99A17D2DE">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="CCE227B9AF886CB129CEC5BBB47ED994">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="06CE53B6DCF3219AB727621565869AF3">2024-08-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B0A84618CD6C38D93DE3AD212947F517">1208</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="AFA8881C5D7E99966B3DF0FB637C4CBD" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="350BB5C653CB36EEF25DA926647206F1">
<taxonomicName id="405F9A763E411800D49225873878F8B8" authority="Y. Yang, Du &amp; Liu" authorityName="Y. Yang, Du &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quartus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5DF55C01CB3915B34AA5235E2AAA514B" italics="true">Macrolycus quartus</emphasis>
Y. Yang, Du &amp; Liu
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="39884177975D14B8B279DC4560C276CD" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09F7BCE1D337B6380776368CF76FE1BC" type="description">
<paragraph id="836E968F9FCC4CAB9E8382A6FD7DE92C">
<figureCitation id="FB1BCCC8C381D2D1F4E65988B899BC7E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus (dorsal views) of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A, B) and M. costus sp. nov. (C, D) A, C males B, D females. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106283">Figs 5 A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F5333F48CBB9142DFCA5135C5F00ECDE" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Aedeagi of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A – C), M. costus sp. nov. (D – F), M. opacipennis sp. nov. (G – I) and M. curtus sp. nov. (J – L) A, D, G, J dorsal views B, E, H, K ventral views C, F, I, L lateral views. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106284">6 A – C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWQAE" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="007EFA45A48EA21C3D103C1058E98E6A">
<heading id="E862AC3EF28674721E1C54CF5E529DC1" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67C64779596941CB57C14A0808E59E27">
The species resembles
<taxonomicName id="797AFF37020039B87FEF953D1310AE54" authority="Kazantsev, 1993" authorityName="Kazantsev" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecellens">
<emphasis id="CF54FBCF2380F9078E99415114B7735E" italics="true">M. praecellens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0AE8D7A32F16A92BE559AD137BC17F4" author="Kazantsev SV" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle" pagination="49-68" refId="B2" refString="Kazantsev SV (1993) Lycides nouveaux ou peu connus de l'Indochine (Coleoptera). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 15 (4): 49 - 68." title="Lycides nouveaux ou peu connus de l’Indochine (Coleoptera)." volume="15" year="1993">Kazantsev, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: lamellae of antennomeres III and IV obtuse at apices (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D11A537D246CC44878E6777479E15AAD" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus (dorsal views) of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A, B) and M. costus sp. nov. (C, D) A, C males B, D females. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106283">5 A</figureCitation>
); phallus integrally stout (Fig.
<figureCitation id="520DCF17B44C15DE195F4A6B9D4FD3AA" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Aedeagi of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A – C), M. costus sp. nov. (D – F), M. opacipennis sp. nov. (G – I) and M. curtus sp. nov. (J – L) A, D, G, J dorsal views B, E, H, K ventral views C, F, I, L lateral views. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106284">6 A – C</figureCitation>
), apical part relatively long and moderately expanded ventrally in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A05C5220D871357195EDEA4AADF9C9D8" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Aedeagi of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A – C), M. costus sp. nov. (D – F), M. opacipennis sp. nov. (G – I) and M. curtus sp. nov. (J – L) A, D, G, J dorsal views B, E, H, K ventral views C, F, I, L lateral views. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106284">6 C</figureCitation>
). In contrast, in
<taxonomicName id="2BAD95280534F1C0AFFB8515A4975A86" authorityName="Kazantsev" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecellens">
<emphasis id="5067641D91AF63607B4CED096575EEB7" italics="true">M. praecellens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lamellae of antennomeres III and IV are acute at apices (
<bibRefCitation id="AB64F3FE05A21F4E24B4B87F8B8A0705" author="Kazantsev" firstAuthor="Kazantsev" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle" pagination="49-68" refId="B2" refString="Kazantsev SV (1993) Lycides nouveaux ou peu connus de l’Indochine (Coleoptera). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 15 (4): 49–68." title="Lycides nouveaux ou peu connus de l’Indochine (Coleoptera)." volume="15" year="1993">Kazantsev 1993</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 13); phallus is integrally slender, apical part is relatively short and strongly expanded ventrally in lateral view (
<bibRefCitation id="83EC445A4C29FF3FF2DCB1498E05D1EA" author="Kazantsev" firstAuthor="Kazantsev" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle" pagination="49-68" refId="B2" refString="Kazantsev SV (1993) Lycides nouveaux ou peu connus de l’Indochine (Coleoptera). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 15 (4): 49–68." title="Lycides nouveaux ou peu connus de l’Indochine (Coleoptera)." volume="15" year="1993">Kazantsev 1993</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 12).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B93EEFEA5763B1BA069061CCD15D308A" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure5" ID-arpha="4D379700-C7E3-5C79-B5B3-E2FFEB4025F1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106283" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="448D2A701139ACEE7EEEBDD4FFA669E5">
<label id="840AB12EA2836A6EB1F3012CD62EB7C7">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="110FCA86C38AE9B9F5464F7AB1734E7A">
Habitus (dorsal views) of
<taxonomicName id="371627F22864D30B94F493DA2E594B78" authorityName="Du &amp; Yang &amp; Yang &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quartus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="58F92AD48906B9B17EAC925CE50CEC09" italics="true">Macrolycus quartus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F4CD0322D7D555DA7042587F70C691" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="E13F31C88A785D7EDE52D672030D7161" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="DE7FF0E41A7127A2F8E391BA1D198398" authorityName="Du &amp; Yang &amp; Yang &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="195996E1E42ED841DE1C0BFEAECBFC8E" italics="true">M. costus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="17EEB510595C162F3AA102E7FB7E5D4D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="96CDB7AEA2FB266FC54EC41D53D3386A" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="470BBAC1D6CC7FA52C4116D89CC84DA5" bold="true">A, C</emphasis>
males
<emphasis id="0849A5EECE768085318E793922BD7BF2" bold="true">B, D</emphasis>
females. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CA1B98975622D09099C64F37C8105975" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure6" ID-arpha="B44A60DD-E531-51FA-A982-0E9D3ECA016B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106284" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="03D63453C50CEC490DED6371880E074A">
<label id="C2CD53DF54B46E84891CF0C3D678B2D6">Figure 6.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4ACE29C8B17B3A143F4D4DB2D0C83472">
Aedeagi of
<taxonomicName id="AC6BCDE868E31F3A5AF9FF29E9526741" authorityName="Du &amp; Yang &amp; Yang &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quartus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FB2BB524710A8B0CD53432CF69C5558C" italics="true">Macrolycus quartus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0030FDE1EFFDFA1266B9DF878B1DD391" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="EBA1EFF41416011327E28057909E53FB" bold="true">A – C</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="5992F87E8955F63CD5B32BB8D197ABAE" authorityName="Du &amp; Yang &amp; Yang &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="837CE2BADA59141E93366C5742C47127" italics="true">M. costus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FE09FBBE858BDD2E27217E2622C86108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="8A448FE88D61D884BF9632CF0DF42512" bold="true">D – F</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="D79309561F7DB4ACB582E1AA29E4A35B" authorityName="Du &amp; Yang &amp; Yang &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacipennis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9C7E4E194C7FCDB7F302E58AF372597D" italics="true">M. opacipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F5326C42420251FEC1197D914896E40E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="06A2F6842105B94E7145AF2EECCC451B" bold="true">G – I</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName id="FE051F855DCA2365D3BCB910F378286F" authorityName="Du &amp; Yang &amp; Yang &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5648687AFA5D46AF86691EC01BB59D9D" italics="true">M. curtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9F6D549088F5F6154D55F7BA198655C9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="D44AED41C174F2221556E6B2E77EDC3B" bold="true">J – L</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="66649302B4B454B70173B0647DFE2677" bold="true">A, D, G, J</emphasis>
dorsal views
<emphasis id="13CE86C7695E12FD29EA46131B72D849" bold="true">B, E, H, K</emphasis>
ventral views
<emphasis id="F7BD6BAFC24F15D3A554464F9B4906A2" bold="true">C, F, I, L</emphasis>
lateral views. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYVAE" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AE9C3CB6E6296CFB5231A2A49A38B1E2">
<heading id="E61C363E23CD2F845E84D3340FC39863" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46638B4BBFDA03D8954336EB8772FDDD">
The specific name is derived from the Latin
<taxonomicName id="2E2B4E4A733040F8B049257B550627D4" authorityName="Du &amp; Yang &amp; Yang &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quartus">
<emphasis id="19D8F92C515155CD3D3ED1FA880183BD" italics="true">quartus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the fourth), referring to its antennomere IV truncated at apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EIWAE" type="type material">
<paragraph id="09E8A32EB5F876A4E5F03C08E35D62ED">
<heading id="836EFE25C93A8EB3449B97930817B324" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0B117CEECE1D8558F45F162B026090A">
<materialsCitation id="884AAF399AE5EAEC612641527F54D67A" collectingDate="2011-05-27" collectionCode="MHBU" collectorName="H. Y. Liu." country="China" elevation="1100" location="Damingshan" municipality="Wuming" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guangxi" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="79B4C98504FA900163D45E140B4C1EE5" bold="true">
<emphasis id="C7DB7CE5F3E887B98022DBD58AC15C66" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="F62D6B1BED388C09DB216FBA8233B67B" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="820E91B949A593E2BEED65F8139772D0" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="8A3FC14DAF1F3070C014416CE9504D05" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ETWAE" xlink_title="Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China">
<collectionCode id="B0D8368D84519DA4BECA0C9C56C3E137">MHBU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
),
<collectingRegion id="758FABA8FD2E74F9A4289DD1DE5B11A3" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F76C2E928CCF011F1B9E52144614FE38">Wuming</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="29C8DA98E26002EC7C9CD9DE53E67EA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F00F8690CB1F5416B2B7D12284C81814:29C8DA98E26002EC7C9CD9DE53E67EA2" country="China" municipality="Wuming" name="Damingshan" stateProvince="Guangxi">Damingshan</location>
,
<quantity id="59415B4A27EC918376BE8FA5D302C6C7" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="D811B71296B56EE6756A831015C70FAD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="8AF3DF721A69B3BD0EEE6282E18D8996" value="2011-05-27">
<collectingDate id="E7B2F8B918B01483E59AB06ADE9A39ED" value="2011-05-27">27. v. 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="604B71CACB8FA2B4B3528C840EF7FE5C">H. Y. Liu.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="1AD2E18CB786E0F5C6A75497C96AAD04" bold="true">
<emphasis id="C8E057279620AB8FB1F80159357500A7" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="10D0CD20020B2046B65EC3E3422596C3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="CC1226F3A0D277AD50A9AA1B0E926110" count="3" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="A5CD44814F1D3D0D5F3EA6C65D3B322F" count="9" type="female">9 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E3WAE" xlink_title="Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China">
<collectionCode id="3E72C7058D304514EF35101E7F4ACEA4">MHBU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
), same data as the
<typeStatus id="7957831D1EFEEFD387DC9DFD1EE2AA2F" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<specimenCount id="591B2770DE9E0C92C3BC29BE516F22FD" count="3" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="E414230510485A2AA65CDA31668E8077" count="7" type="female">7 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EBXAE" xlink_title="Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China">
<collectionCode id="CE5420D50B019E530532B35BDE624ABF">MHBU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
),
<collectingRegion id="5E2FDD320B4D3CBE424F17CDE3C69A0C" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
, Wuming, Damingshan,
<quantity id="1F9EE6C34BAA50303A91EA484AA571B6" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.326" metricValueMax="1.422" metricValueMin="1.23" unit="m" value="1326.0" valueMax="1422.0" valueMin="1230.0">1230–1422 m</quantity>
,
<date id="181CAA2BDFB2BCD6B61C6D1CC307B63F" value="2011-05-20">20. v. 2011</date>
, leg. H. Y. Liu.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGXAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="798B2FF95C9E3CE9AA07F7411398BBB9">
<heading id="AC7A626E5DC1A36C79D1B74EB904C175" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD7BCFA3970AA085CA9AB4C58DF90F46">
<emphasis id="A849064B7E03421A8F4FEA3708E51D55" bold="true">Male</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="5B978B81BA6696D3A76A5EF029617954" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus (dorsal views) of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A, B) and M. costus sp. nov. (C, D) A, C males B, D females. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106283">5 A</figureCitation>
). Length
<quantity id="9A7D95757D54DB35695BC9A0333BB3EF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.06" metricValueMin="0.94" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="10.6" valueMin="9.4">9.4–10.6 mm</quantity>
(10.0 mm in
<typeStatus id="97B4E2468C854CB8540C93FEDD6B13FC" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), width at humeri
<quantity id="43F9E1E5041CC7C54FF4B7A66D0EAC6C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="mm" value="2.0999999999999996" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.3 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="E95779824F901D84DF84CD7C6875081D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
in
<typeStatus id="5F1C5AF4FB2A029A8CD3683ED3D84DDE" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4A776E57A28A6C924BB44752A8E6EE7">
Body black. Pronotum, elytra and scutellum dark red. Surface covered with decumbent red pubescence (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DA45014B41B67B81A4D33EFEC27698B9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus (dorsal views) of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A, B) and M. costus sp. nov. (C, D) A, C males B, D females. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106283">5 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E9AE1A4C067641CF96F9E15EE387B44">
Eyes small, interocular distance about 2.3 times greater than eye diameter. Antennae flabellate, overlapping basal 2 / 3 length of elytra when inclined. Antennomere III triangular and obtuse apically, about 2.5 times longer than wide; IV – XI lamellate, lamella of IV apically obtuse and lamellae of V – XI pointed at apices; lamella of IX longest, 3.8 times longer than joint itself (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FC03B380EE7499E7E86A018B3EC19884" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus (dorsal views) of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A, B) and M. costus sp. nov. (C, D) A, C males B, D females. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106283">5 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16F96C1145346DD7F619ABE7E137C283">
Pronotum square, 1.1 times wider than long. Anterior margin projecting anteriad and feebly emarginate at apex, lateral margins sinuate and posterior margin bisinuate; anterior angles rounded, posterior angles sharp and sharply projected. Scutellum trapezoidal, feebly emarginate at apex (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3FF17EC4BAEF82053B82FA02D1B45380" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus (dorsal views) of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A, B) and M. costus sp. nov. (C, D) A, C males B, D females. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106283">5 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E79D8881BDA39A8C33942F522A7BA1EA">
Elytra 3.8 times longer than humeral width. Costa I weak, II as strong as IV, and III weak and visible only at humeri (Fig.
<figureCitation id="858070FA49568FE332E0DBAD170BD014" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus (dorsal views) of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A, B) and M. costus sp. nov. (C, D) A, C males B, D females. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106283">5 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0AF8E326B69D3D06A5426D66C183AE10">
Phallus slender (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C32C5A7FF97AE350FCAB76AE0E339A89" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Aedeagi of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A – C), M. costus sp. nov. (D – F), M. opacipennis sp. nov. (G – I) and M. curtus sp. nov. (J – L) A, D, G, J dorsal views B, E, H, K ventral views C, F, I, L lateral views. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106284">6 A – C</figureCitation>
), nearly parallel-sided basally in dorsal and ventral views (Fig.
<figureCitation id="62FB0B02891321E6B2BD260618F609CB" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Aedeagi of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A – C), M. costus sp. nov. (D – F), M. opacipennis sp. nov. (G – I) and M. curtus sp. nov. (J – L) A, D, G, J dorsal views B, E, H, K ventral views C, F, I, L lateral views. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106284">6 A, B</figureCitation>
), subapical part moderately and asymmetrically inflated laterally, about 1.89 times as wide as basal part, with an oval ventral-cavity, apical part progressively expanded distad, apex with a shallow V-shaped notch, about 0.54 times as wide as subapical part; basal 1 / 3 part feebly curved ventrally in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8E41D69970B36A21C647AF2303831A96" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Aedeagi of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A – C), M. costus sp. nov. (D – F), M. opacipennis sp. nov. (G – I) and M. curtus sp. nov. (J – L) A, D, G, J dorsal views B, E, H, K ventral views C, F, I, L lateral views. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106284">6 C</figureCitation>
), subapical part inflated ventrally, apical part moderately expanded ventrally, with a square lamella.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2568CF2C0B3C9C079044C2C847FBABF3">
<emphasis id="D9C83B7108C75912A4282B245203E544" bold="true">Female</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="28F5F4A7BAF57C48D7C08F6FF22A602E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus (dorsal views) of Macrolycus quartus sp. nov. (A, B) and M. costus sp. nov. (C, D) A, C males B, D females. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106283">5 B</figureCitation>
). Similar to male, but larger in body size. Length
<quantity id="96A742561E9D46845B5DBF2DB8E50535" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.39" metricValueMin="1.15" unit="mm" value="12.7" valueMax="13.9" valueMin="11.5">11.5–13.9 mm</quantity>
, width at humeri
<quantity id="E2BD4C6FA0ECF58FEE7F61DAA52B2CDB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.7" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.3 mm</quantity>
. Antennae serrate and shorter, overlapping elytral mid-length when inclined. Pronotum 1.2 times wider than long, anterior angles obtuse-angled.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EAZAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3928F8DBD99B389007D9A84AA711D861">
<heading id="C206C35A9680E41A082EDFD2FA27E050" reason="title">Distribution</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ECBC83473CB38DA10BA7DCB784B7F319">
<emphasis id="30A2C9CCCB549D6677CA68E4A63A4F4C" bold="true">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="6213D64BC85BE81FFAF157201DAF762E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution map of the Macrolycus ligulatus species-group in the world." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.125938.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106280">2</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="188CEB43BD358C6CD93E552C83215638" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="418DF2F24A5A717EE4858B7A40D35B83" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

316
data/F0/73/D4/F073D4A33FFA5BECA3F9734601B94DD6.xml Normal file
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<mods:title id="DC05996C4C40E790C52D3BBE8D1B0CE2">Preliminary study of marine sponges (Porifera) in the littoral of Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="F073D4A33FFA5BECA3F9734601B94DD6" ID-arpha="F073D4A3-3FFA-5BEC-A3F9-734601B94DD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F073D4A33FFA5BECA3F9734601B94DD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F073D4A33FFA5BECA3F9734601B94DD6">
<subSubSection id="F39C338149FFB3D924C9DC15D95C101D" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FB9D484EBA8B60EBDD9C7BF33C924550">
<taxonomicName id="E81559D48B7DC616A70C5515F9983EB0" ID-CoL="6MWYV" authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifera">
<emphasis id="5EF1B7904CE36FA2113F549B2D37E06E" italics="true">Iotrochota baculifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CEE27073EE59C0CEE34B27968E8046B7" author="Ridley SO" refId="B72" refString="Ridley SO (1884) Spongiida. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. (British Museum (Natural History): London)., 366 - 482 [pls 39 - 43; 582 - 630, 53 - 54]. http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = sourcedetails &amp; id = 8099 [accessed 14 - 07 - 2021]" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=8099" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45B80CD61856D36F4660D715BF2CED6E" type="description">
<paragraph id="1AEA99583CB4617B91FCD65E51070BD8">
<figureCitation id="4E9412052B3DFB81D6E884C06CD3523C" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Iotrochota baculifera Ridley, 1884 a habitus in situ at Samalona Island, the Spermonde Archipelago (photograph by SAP) b birotulate chelae c styles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.113603.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106236">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5NBG" type="Diagnostic features">
<paragraph id="EB7C0FC33025BD03294A87882DD56879">
<heading id="CF7D2A440271133B5D2E38BB0B281340" reason="title">Diagnostic features.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="619D52CA6586132CE4941488F09BF2AD">
Black, thin, encrusting with rough surface, and boring. Choanosomal skeleton show multispicular reticulation. Spicule arrangements are styles 157.9–212.5 (191.7) × 7.4–15.9 (11.4) µm (
<emphasis id="2E915922187F953B69B1EDAF6889CCF7" italics="true">n</emphasis>
= 25), strongyles 248–287.6 (266.6) × 3.6–7.8 (6.7) µm (
<emphasis id="E024383198C08CDAA7F0CD74C062E694" italics="true">n</emphasis>
= 25), with microsclere birotulate chelae, 13.9–17.3 (15.4) µm (
<emphasis id="8A66055E051682A5025202398B64226E" italics="true">n</emphasis>
= 21).
<taxonomicName id="DC34791BEA6A2A7A92827B3EBA4D6976" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifera">
<emphasis id="B5900D2D55F91B79BCCA2FA28BF39258" italics="true">Iotrochota baculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has similar coloration with
<taxonomicName id="5F42EA1F835BB5E72F3A07F9FDB90C90" authority="(Bowerbank, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="FE6D2383D87DCAA190B2FCEE0192C431" italics="true">Iotrochota purpurea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C6908E9EC377EB361513BBC91C33526F" author="Bowerbank JS" refId="B12" refString="Bowerbank JS (1875) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part VII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 281 - 296. http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = sourcedetails &amp; id = 7225" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=7225" year="1875">Bowerbank, 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3106A694B6E921886BD57DD7288B4D5" authority="(Baer, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Baer" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="29E59193B270DF04C212BFBB3A4A521C" italics="true">Iotrochota nigra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF606903ACC12239669C1CD87DD8C8F3" author="Baer L" refId="B5" refString="Baer L (1906) Silicispongien von Sansibar, Kapstadt and Papeete. (Inaugural Dissertation: Berlin). Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 72: 1 - 32 [pls I - V]. https: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = sourcedetails &amp; id = 7090 [accessed 22 - 05 - 2021]" url="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=7090" year="1906">Baer, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Table
<tableCitation id="247548CF5638D189CFAEF60A2DF3F26A" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of spicule measurements (µm) in specimens of Iotrochota baculifera, Iotrochota purpurea, and Iotrochota nigra.">2</tableCitation>
shows the comparison of the spicule measurements of these species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FE4C29AF15F81CCF95EBC1786AF204F5" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.113603.figure14" ID-arpha="262BBA72-28C4-57E9-9A45-07A7F1BFBB32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1106236" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="93CA0A485D2DCE8B399166A0AD8A386E">
<label id="194CED15AB1BAB51DFA8FA8421BEA84A">Figure 14.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2556BDCBB0E11B94EE8BC7C40AB0AA89">
<taxonomicName id="187547880E5DE9C42BD26998739F01DB" authority="Ridley, 1884 a" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifera">
<emphasis id="7FACCF40DBABAFCCAF147427BE64AAB0" italics="true">Iotrochota baculifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F931423C2AA4D7F9C06B5F9F801B6981" author="Ridley SO" refId="B72" refString="Ridley SO (1884) Spongiida. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. (British Museum (Natural History): London)., 366 - 482 [pls 39 - 43; 582 - 630, 53 - 54]. http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = sourcedetails &amp; id = 8099 [accessed 14 - 07 - 2021]" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=8099" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="6931BC92E51FDD7B342A21B899E2FD96" bold="true">a</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
habitus in situ at Samalona Island, the Spermonde Archipelago (photograph by SAP)
<emphasis id="65A0646D0278F0E7C084D90F7F447916" bold="true">b</emphasis>
birotulate chelae
<emphasis id="EB5E779504C7A14745E68B3E3214FA37" bold="true">c</emphasis>
styles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="18FE25805382B3FC2984BC8C542F5C6F" startId="T2">
<paragraph id="1B8491A33CABDF2A7D8DB57C7ACA97E0">
<label id="DA9A31649C615F983BECDE16BB4F1933">Table 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7DCC12E76E8C3FFC81DD5E8310E38E0">
Comparison of spicule measurements (µm) in specimens of
<taxonomicName id="0BA2AC866E498BBB6A9AFCBF0AB90617" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifera">
<emphasis id="7796CA2C997160DBF31ADB2A4E760BE5" italics="true">Iotrochota baculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5F92491EC8F720A4BFC43B95698BE7B5" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="0ED0601E1D9CFD349942DEDB92BED8D2" italics="true">Iotrochota purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5E6792026B6942B22844FA45A72C99CC" baseAuthorityName="Baer" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="3DF894D6C4B9A44D28C80719D5AAFA27" italics="true">Iotrochota nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1033A64901077684C6BA786FF720EC54">
<table id="TID0ECFAK" rules="all">
<tbody id="D442D289746B962C47722E2233E4910E">
<tr id="D91053B81C8361BBE5AE139B66D5E46D">
<th id="86D5C96FD6BE605E665DF5DF7E200FAA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th id="8FFE5B0C17DB88AFD820BFE27515DE3B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Styles</th>
<th id="927E13BA20152812ECBB8861C973CE11" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Strongyles</th>
<th id="A07FEF2B931D1710F0F151CC56802350" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Birotulates</th>
<th id="5D3382E3427F9A1269817BFDDCD487C2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Reference</th>
</tr>
<tr id="F0B82853638ABAA917047008AA5B7A1E">
<td id="5AF32E021A9BD53703AE6F937F7D365E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="E3ED46F2824A4B71EB4CF9BC1D6498C6" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifera">
<emphasis id="E98F5F94712595595C37B4E401455C61" italics="true">Iotrochota baculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="508049EE0BE6FAB59173F6AC674E8E65" colspan="1" rowspan="1">157.9–212.5 (191.7) × 7.4–15.9 (11.4)</td>
<td id="08C9E9674B6A82C9EF78FC4F3BD0E10B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">248–287.6 (266.6) × 3.6–7.8 (6.7)</td>
<td id="110212B1F067116D8B355D39EE7A0DC9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13.9–17.3</td>
<td id="C4B2B0D63C91EE23F15239F01F8A84F1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C95371363B58F37FE493E12E7E44B18D">
<td id="4FE65F93CD5FB2E64E50851E73522372" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="E5CA27012065D6ABFEBB2B2AE7570952" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifera">
<emphasis id="93EC895DA15B24687D8FB39B6E6F8EA4" italics="true">Iotrochota baculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="39652233685E8D4E73E5CD66F903CDB0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">200 × 9.5–12.7</td>
<td id="2F96D100F73C46C6AEC154172126FE04" colspan="1" rowspan="1">220–280 × 6.3</td>
<td id="AD01614A20D28FC99761E110E6188AB3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16</td>
<td id="A839E5AACD72A7B9E96E6007F6B7899C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="97303B3A53C115D2489BC9B0CC4EB031" author="Ridley" firstAuthor="Ridley" refId="B72" refString="Ridley SO (1884) Spongiida. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ‘ Alert’, 1881–2. (British Museum (Natural History): London)., 366–482 [pls 39–43; 582–630, 53–54]. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=8099 [accessed 14-07 - 2021]" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=8099" year="1884">Ridley 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35E63C46E1C7CC0200ABA9B71BD86E45">
<td id="045AF6B5C0632AE4C34CC6BB2D389D83" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="2BDD66929078FC8D91FD81B307D35884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifera">
<emphasis id="A02781F8AD8425C115EF3D7596185DC9" italics="true">Iotrochota baculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="65AE8ABFCA8AA2288415EAC63A324050" colspan="1" rowspan="1">125–180 × 5.5–7.5</td>
<td id="397E37076573AF7DC90E08D5ADCEE1D8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">225–255 × 3.5–5</td>
<td id="861254901DCB6D2416DFD68B1C7DC73C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13–16.5</td>
<td id="0F930030E0C47890F52C334AA757C247" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="6B4D609DCDEE30C1F5340CE1EACB05B0" author="Bergquist" firstAuthor="Bergquist" refId="B9" refString="Bergquist PR (1965) The Sponges of Micronesia, Part I. The Palau Archipelago. Pacific Science XIX: 123–204. https://biostor.org/reference/234177" url="https://biostor.org/reference/234177" year="1965">Bergquist 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1306366831C22DE9DEE14A5DF019BC8B">
<td id="EA75EC97189B0DF1A20DFAEFD3BFED42" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="D860920C1B2EAF8FAD0A85D2BCF70952" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifera">
<emphasis id="9F4DB4C493A485CEFE3A904BF56731AE" italics="true">Iotrochota baculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="C196C4AE52AA3004DD422249E8AAADD6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">168–189 (175) × 4–8 (6)</td>
<td id="24A8BF5A1342F031BC94927492B7AFB3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">201–243 (225) × 4–6 (4)</td>
<td id="6C9F29A8120F4A52ADC023C0617E4759" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
<td id="B326CA9DFAD7D1F96FC93452392DFAAB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="B40D7EE93BA006DF253989F749626C91" author="Thomas" firstAuthor="Thomas" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Wetenschappen" pagination="1-96" refId="B87" refString="Thomas PA (1973) Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Zoologische Wetenschappen 203: 1–96. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/7923/ [accessed 15-10 - 2019]" title="Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean)." url="http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/7923/" volume="203" year="1973">Thomas 1973</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1FCAE3253435F22D83CF11E8651C8E13">
<td id="B4A7568C098B218EEC27ED23575BD1B6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="EDD3E5B2CC2AC7F7733EAABF222B9849" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifera">
<emphasis id="5665DAE727968345B25142F6B340F668" italics="true">Iotrochota baculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="183EFC3689816C7F65B236151F7BB49B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">145–170 (160) × 5–8.7 (7.5)</td>
<td id="E942D20C7D376E04EC28D41EF81B4150" colspan="1" rowspan="1">205–230 (220.9) × 2.5–5 (4)</td>
<td id="C9C4CBE04AF7EAF85FB3193F65419EEE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
<td id="F889A93B23663AB63EC1EE994BFC5CF4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="0C5CEE452A89D8DAB2B85CAD6F488636" DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0189357" author="Nunez Pons" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunez Pons" refId="B60" refString="Núñez Pons L, Calcinai B, Gates RD (2017) Who’s there? – First morphological and DNA barcoding catalogue of the shallow Hawai’ian sponge fauna. PLoS ONE 12 (12): e 0189357. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189357" year="2017">Núñez Pons et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="83F4094829FEFFEE9E9A8E32C5EFB7D5">
<td id="B1566EC36923025F36FF6F627A1F1680" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="F632FEB42A7936FF346BDD8363CA6FFF" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="63EDF0B34A6A66370157632895E5FE85" italics="true">Iotrochota purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="482FE6AF89984C56212D8451840FF175" colspan="1" rowspan="1">146–180 (163) × 4–8 (5)</td>
<td id="C757813DEAFA9EDC023D9FDABAB0067E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="A47494EFFF8810ABBD89793C2EF8F643" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16</td>
<td id="20E58940F76BCA8B7204968292A56E1C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="952B4BCA6A474EE7EB18C0B807C905AB" author="Thomas" firstAuthor="Thomas" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Wetenschappen" pagination="1-96" refId="B87" refString="Thomas PA (1973) Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Zoologische Wetenschappen 203: 1–96. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/7923/ [accessed 15-10 - 2019]" title="Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean)." url="http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/7923/" volume="203" year="1973">Thomas 1973</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2D15556D26882329EDFBF935A07279E4">
<td id="6C954A158F050949FD8D7DF4DDFFCE23" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="A625F90B8FAE908AB88712F2387A8466" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="E2996F903A6DA8687DDFA665DD863DB9" italics="true">Iotrochota purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="8ECB6110F6ED8C772AB00E466DAFFC61" colspan="1" rowspan="1">168 × 8</td>
<td id="674A71580D4E3FAA4BFBA21E6B2CBE7D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="60E6EB1A850B95B584F8DAD4E5C1F4C3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="3210F85C0A227A7306E13B047E53DCD5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="54456F5192B5A8C4BDEB06ECCB6CAAF1" author="Thomas" firstAuthor="Thomas" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India" pagination="308-316" refId="B89" refString="Thomas PA (1991) Sponges of Papua and New Guinea - Part Order Haplosclerida Topsent. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 33: 308–316. https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=148309" title="Sponges of Papua and New Guinea - Part Order Haplosclerida Topsent." url="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=148309" volume="33" year="1991">Thomas 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0A0DDF5845C9C1AD2976503DD3F1C035">
<td id="1A1946E947D9DD9D07601B54AD5D8064" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="0C1D006BA64C0BD4623255BF8BE0D713" baseAuthorityName="Baer" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="7A13D36CF2C6E4AD04900E230C410A6C" italics="true">Iotrochota nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="F45627C3BB2846B68BE4AB9A5C5DFBC2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">170 × 6</td>
<td id="6B0FF056028609CCEEB19EA8BF84D70A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="B987274C1C80A602D7A78D5C6B71F3F3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="0E887D58159D2F79EAC88D7319A6F2B7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="B7AA62E79B1C6F95976E6A8DF83084C0" author="Baer" firstAuthor="Baer" refId="B5" refString="Baer L (1906) Silicispongien von Sansibar, Kapstadt and Papeete. (Inaugural Dissertation: Berlin). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 72: 1–32 [pls I – V]. https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=7090 [accessed 22-05 - 2021]" url="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=7090" year="1906">Baer 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BB12F6F7A4A3D1CF9FEE8D6160E30058">
<td id="B59044D330E8C0B739A38D1CB0483C48" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="B895B1205E07805A70D926F69DA3311B" baseAuthorityName="Baer" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="DA98223D9DD9EC051E6A74B259BE1565" italics="true">Iotrochota nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="8CF5A4102AAF86EF090B7D8762F04FD7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">230–269 (251) × 5 (5)</td>
<td id="6E9EE6DD3045B3EC393B463F94CFA3B9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">163–193 (184) × 7 (7)</td>
<td id="64326AF60719CC9F14D415403D286F3C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17 (17)</td>
<td id="FFE694A8BEA1C9D8A52CA8A0ACCB9515" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="3558B8C8DC9AC8D861ABB9371FFB7D6B" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4587.1.1" author="Samaai" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Samaai" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="1-85" refId="B77" refString="Samaai T, Pillay R, Janson L (2019) Shallow-water Demospongiae (Porifera) from Sodwana Bay, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. Zootaxa 4587 (1): 1–85. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4587.1.1" title="Shallow-water Demospongiae (Porifera) from Sodwana Bay, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa." volume="4587" year="2019">Samaai et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EP2BG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F889D233B624373EA2CED4B54F1AEAF">
<heading id="F67127AB96443217040415CD02FC8897" reason="title">Distribution and ecology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166B6EFFCDCB849129D18FF66CEDBF36">
Widespread from the Western Indian Ocean to
<collectingRegion id="1A9252953DAF2F036F4C731215AE705B" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72A8EC7CF4BF3DB69231C3C2BE769CFD" DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0189357" author="Nunez Pons" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunez Pons" refId="B60" refString="Núñez Pons L, Calcinai B, Gates RD (2017) Who’s there? – First morphological and DNA barcoding catalogue of the shallow Hawai’ian sponge fauna. PLoS ONE 12 (12): e 0189357. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189357" year="2017">Núñez Pons et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Only two species of
<taxonomicName id="4BFE6559C36EF1DD2AA5FA486BFD4584" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2B333AB9C57E34938ACE6E219CDDC46" italics="true">Iotrochota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been recorded from Spermonde Archipelago,
<taxonomicName id="F5BE11E20CDFAC1C8CF08EBC78EFCE8E" baseAuthorityName="Bowerbank" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis id="B8C99337C43B0F90313A3AEE4F45AC4B" italics="true">Iotrochota purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C0D2D856979B7CAC9F89F9E7470709B2" authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifera">
<emphasis id="5F2E46486EC3849BF4019CE4F247FF55" italics="true">Iotrochota baculifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CB1ACB74EA14305210BA45BA559F375E" author="Ridley SO" refId="B72" refString="Ridley SO (1884) Spongiida. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. (British Museum (Natural History): London)., 366 - 482 [pls 39 - 43; 582 - 630, 53 - 54]. http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = sourcedetails &amp; id = 8099 [accessed 14 - 07 - 2021]" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&amp;id=8099" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8BC68D8627B285CCC3EBA3B70CFB89C8" author="de Voogd" firstAuthor="de Voogd" refId="B24" refString="de Voogd NJ (2005) Indonesian Sponges: Biodiversity and Mariculture Potential. University of Amsterdam. https://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.237560 [accessed 24-09 - 2019]" url="https://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.237560" year="2005">de Voogd 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Our specimen was found in the north-west of Samalona Island, the Spermonde Archipelago; reef flat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>