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<mods:title id="E146DBFCD4E61370D56BCCF10853185D">Distribution and systematics of the cosmopolitan Amynthas carnosus complex (Crassiclitellata, Megascolecidae) from eastern Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B570E2EBA1206172B5098C7652E0C499">Zhang, Yufeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4D8A9FD356D99CE260682AA0035432D6">Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F16A5EDAEB1E3D2915F1BBA5784CBBD8">Miao, Pu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D36FF0A1E421A2C66E9152FDAAE93DA6">Xiao, Nengwen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0381536519967B34B061EC0977CB17E6">State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C3573480D321F21EB3573C71F605E7BD">Zhao, Huifeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="57ACEB98E049FBE99066941EA21750BB">Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China & Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="76463E2C91FF824637EA7DFAAB969B06">Wu, Donghui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="06F0B6199E322C60851DBB8B61D4A2D0">Aspe, Nonillon M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FEDFF0CC7041EA2FFB2CB304B487F315">College of Marine and Allied Sciences, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan 9023, Misamis Oriental, Philippines</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="FFC03B85695220B58B09A780E38D8446">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B7BC2968521304A0D306AEDE90BD5B99">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="69992357EA350D215449B340C4C0CCF9">2024-08-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="634608A88A1C31377BA2F051DE452F2F">100</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="F164ED3AA330ACA0E61182C763F5001F" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C0159E1B04F6E536D993D9DAF015B8C5">
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<taxonomicName id="97BDF2BAE97865E734A5C2C13D27F455" authority="Blakemore, 2013" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="carnosus" subSpecies="naribunji">
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<emphasis id="BE8B4236B42E1D75A1730F51DE4261C6" italics="true">Amynthas carnosus naribunji</emphasis>
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Blakemore, 2013
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="408CD25554E0AA5F0CA71D9F2A40E3E8" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pingi">
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<emphasis id="F585662B09A06722FC86E01DF3BA2C6B" italics="true">Amynthas pingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<comment id="0456F83A22A6292D1D4CEBA59571E8AD">
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="A7DFD341465AAA0312B9D2D569144C40" author="Blakemore R" page="60" year="">
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<bibRefCitation id="6E1709DE95EB2D5315A939621DCD60B0" DOI="10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.099" author="Blakemore R" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Species Research" pagination="99-126" refId="B7" refString="Blakemore R (2013 a) Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research 2 (2): 99–126. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.099" title="Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)." volume="2">Blakemore 2013 a</bibRefCitation>
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: 60
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 4, 5.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EOOBG" type="material">
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<paragraph id="8AE8975256F16CECD334257C67039C61">
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<heading id="FB108D336E17F0E3B4EF15E6653248C1" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2896AE7AF3FC137052FB30ECBBF97638">
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Specimen IDs: 551
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<collectionCode id="9B34568D00478E4BF568C2D1C79E0879" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
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3 (01–10),
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<specimenCount id="0D077CFCCDCB25BF307F3F064C72024B" count="10" type="adult">10 adults</specimenCount>
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from Longwan Park, Huludao Pref.,
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<collectingRegion id="D6707D320923D5C5C17599AB213669BA" country="China" name="Liaoning">Liaoning Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
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<specimenCount id="7D17315E5CD9F1686BA7010E11C8A540" count="1" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="C04AD22529CFCF05EAB440F6E65D183F" country="China" name="Beijing">Beijing</collectingRegion>
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||||
is a juvenile and was poorly preserved. Thus, its morphological examination was not performed. However, the molecular data is presented (DNA ID:
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<collectionCode id="4B43186752F8FF4288C6A639A8035DBC">BJCY</collectionCode>
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||||
_ 42, Fig.
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<figureCitation id="8828FAB6450BF813BA1CFB97C9D30D1B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. The geographical distribution of the A. carnosus complex in eastern Asia and its corresponding phylogenetic tree based on COI using the maximum likelihood method. Color coding: red for China, purple for South Korea, and green for Japan." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119292.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105972">1</figureCitation>
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).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EYOBG" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8928FFDFBB1E4F0907BF8F287CF13055">
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<heading id="27D8ED0811F6C69D42CD944437BBBBCC" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="8F74AEE9131AF4C0B51D33329FD726A6">
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||||
Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9, located latero-ventrally (
|
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<quantity id="35F2B50EFCAA9088B3A3EEA19AD326BF" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9499999999999997" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.9" unit="mm" value="0.295" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.29">0.29–0.30 mm</quantity>
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||||
), each with pre-intersegmental hemispherical arc (spermathecal papillae) anterior to intersegments (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A611B500F25E4D6FF3754F2132FD2800" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A. carnosus naribunji (specimen ID 551 R 3 _ 01): Prostomium (A); Male pore with posterio-median paired genital marking (B); Seminal vesicles (C); Intestinal caeca (D); spermathecae (E); Prostate gland with U-shaped think duct (F); and Spermathecal pores with three pairs of pre-clitellar genital markings (G). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105977">6</figureCitation>
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). Pre-clitellar genital markings absent (complying with Kobayashi
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5FDFFDE7E60EB2A7C232EA944E913EF4">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
I in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="913B63BD1B3E4E7597C9A648FF469916" DOI="10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.099" author="Blakemore R" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Species Research" pagination="99-126" refId="B7" refString="Blakemore R (2013 a) Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research 2 (2): 99–126. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.099" title="Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)." volume="2">Blakemore 2013 a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); if present, one to three pairs; pre-setal in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F5C4E727B027F4C044BF4353EEB0054F">VIII</collectionCode>
|
||||
and
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<collectionCode id="E90EFD74776CBB65E4429790A2C7E2BB">IX</collectionCode>
|
||||
when one or two pairs and having a post-setal pair in
|
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<collectionCode id="6EB9CBA29657E38B8B8E169386F07ECE">VIII</collectionCode>
|
||||
when three pairs (complying with Kobayashi’s
|
||||
<typeStatus id="9B849764E55C16595B46660CBF2EA7C8">Types</typeStatus>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0BDDEB26B86DF0589B48BC7B539664EA">III</collectionCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0066608AAF1B526D03B46A4339966BCA">IV</collectionCode>
|
||||
, and
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||||
<collectionCode id="E63DDE67CCEEC212B5F3D0BBD7DD1B80">VIII</collectionCode>
|
||||
); asymmetrical patterns also present (Fig.
|
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<figureCitation id="17938ED8064B3CC4E1CCA4E7D8A5F551" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A. carnosus naribunji pre-clitellar genital marking variations; A – C. Complying with Kobayashi’s (1936) Types III, IV, and VIII, respectively; D – F. Displays asymmetrical patterns. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119292.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105978">7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Male pores superficial in XVIII having “ disc-like ” genital markings paired posterio-median to male pores (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3C6788E28FB9623A82A228213E7D0C60" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Image comparison of male pore porophores and paired posterio-median genital markings between A. carnosus carnosus. A, B. (specimen IDs 362 R 1 _ 07 and HNLNR 2 _ 04) and A. carnosus naribunji from Liaoning; C-E. (specimen IDs 551 R 3 _ 01, 551 R 3 _ 09, and 551 R 3 _ 06) and Ulleungdo, F. (specimen ID w 54)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119292.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105979">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="CFCCF8EF6C2DF9E342E34AE9BF06B696" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.100.119292.figure6" ID-arpha="1E333ED0-81B9-57C6-A141-87DA9E1CACA6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105977" startId="F6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="073A75C1A9E8D4C3E4862B524D03FAC8">
|
||||
<label id="FFFAED65709A73D6541A71132E871DB4">Figure 6.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BB27CC1D52E73722C5292EA50C883FF8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B9EA58F4A7D070F6D64F5554F55881BA" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="carnosus" subSpecies="naribunji">
|
||||
<emphasis id="64F723494E6FFFE206E9409E40725CCD" italics="true">A. carnosus naribunji</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(specimen ID 551 R 3 _ 01): Prostomium (
|
||||
<emphasis id="D45E109D70DBD73845D9F6625B6556D2" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
); Male pore with posterio-median paired genital marking (
|
||||
<emphasis id="04A38F81A3B37996A36F517557235866" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
); Seminal vesicles (
|
||||
<emphasis id="299DA2987133595EBC68B6787AC9EB29" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
); Intestinal caeca (
|
||||
<emphasis id="24D974D8415EBE1D9ABE569A4E434942" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||||
); spermathecae (
|
||||
<emphasis id="997E6C099D58D257B6D98CBCD0B4D578" bold="true">E</emphasis>
|
||||
); Prostate gland with U-shaped think duct (
|
||||
<emphasis id="304303746FD00EEE0574E73358D31EC0" bold="true">F</emphasis>
|
||||
); and Spermathecal pores with three pairs of pre-clitellar genital markings (
|
||||
<emphasis id="2C414AD6B56085BB3EC7661FAD20C4C4" bold="true">G</emphasis>
|
||||
). Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="3EFFEAFCC84146077578A40AD0C5DD3F" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.100.119292.figure7" ID-arpha="93405660-24B8-580B-9C3B-E1D34EB22302" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105978" startId="F7">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E57F22CB9166E5A14C615FBFF6D5158">
|
||||
<label id="8F59B7E383123358386BDBB857163496">Figure 7.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C6FC1162DB762C84E4AC26427BAA8B83">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34B5B9BE9A0074134FACEAF8F9970242" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="carnosus" subSpecies="naribunji">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1CCDAFF58DD79741CFD9B22B846764D7" italics="true">A. carnosus naribunji</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pre-clitellar genital marking variations;
|
||||
<emphasis id="8FFADF5A30C7AF7B6F3A91CA157EDD05" bold="true">A – C.</emphasis>
|
||||
Complying with
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="05F4AEB569C335AE84F387CEC50CCD7B" author="Kobayashi S" firstAuthor="Kobayashi's" journalOrPublisher="Science Report of the Tohoku Imperial University" pagination="115-138" refId="B26" refString="Kobayashi S (1936) Distribution and some external characteristics of Pheretima (Ph.) carnosa (Goto et Hatai) from Korea. Science Report of the Tohoku Imperial University 11: 115–138." title="Distribution and some external characteristics of Pheretima (Ph.) carnosa (Goto et Hatai) from Korea." volume="11" year="1936">Kobayashi’s (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
Types III, IV, and VIII, respectively;
|
||||
<emphasis id="F7AEE9F48FFE1621BC9DC9A1A98B51CB" bold="true">D – F.</emphasis>
|
||||
Displays asymmetrical patterns. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="A99E005669C29265F7A8519852926BF3" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.100.119292.figure8" ID-arpha="6FC6ABF4-5BAF-51DC-BA73-9EC7DDEC7905" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105979" startId="F8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3A4DC1EBB174ECBCBC6D462E8C207F81">
|
||||
<label id="AAC458C46004ABC7C15CE022E551402A">Figure 8.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="13B918DBF19E17817DF6CB4B40F7EB63">
|
||||
Image comparison of male pore porophores and paired posterio-median genital markings between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8D5F745D8D7C0A0E6EDBE597039A5742" authorityName="Goto & Hatai" authorityYear="1899" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="carnosus" subSpecies="carnosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="83E8FACE74DD32378229D953716A8DDC" italics="true">A. carnosus carnosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="E1EC4C44C74B993DC38C476B4EBAE6BE" bold="true">A, B.</emphasis>
|
||||
(specimen IDs 362 R 1 _ 07 and HNLNR 2 _ 04) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4B10A2CE9ED24D8CE96D622AD65409C1" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="carnosus" subSpecies="naribunji">
|
||||
<emphasis id="950BC5AC74CE351C66B3ED2601CC8F4F" italics="true">A. carnosus naribunji</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Liaoning;
|
||||
<emphasis id="641F4A528C7875E26B3347303F435D02" bold="true">C-E.</emphasis>
|
||||
(specimen IDs 551 R 3 _ 01, 551 R 3 _ 09, and 551 R 3 _ 06) and Ulleungdo,
|
||||
<emphasis id="D7FE5C794A76B02BB90395FFECE12CAB" bold="true">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
(specimen ID w 54).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ENTBG" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C8630576270B41FA68E75BB284E71A56">
|
||||
<heading id="A4605BA1EE18296457A0729ED39204A1" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="93E9294F188F04AB150FF2AB4E98E124">
|
||||
Length
|
||||
<quantity id="A3CAC7627371714F2F4BA8B9272921F1" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.065" metricValueMax="2.28" metricValueMin="1.85" unit="mm" value="206.5" valueMax="228.0" valueMin="185.0">185–228 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Color of preserved specimens may have varying shades of brown but dorsum generally dark brown in pre-clitellar region to brown in post-clitellar region, fading to lighter brown towards posterior end with darker clitellum, while ventrum part is paler / fleshy color. Clitellum width
|
||||
<quantity id="A12B63EC24545667AF9BB678FFB2E91E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="5.8" unit="mm" value="7.05" valueMax="8.3" valueMin="5.8">5.8–8.3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Segments 115–137. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore on 12 / 13. Clitellum annular at XIV – XVI without setae or dorsal pores. Setal arrangement perichaetine, setae between male pore 18–19. Female pore single and circular, midventral at XIV.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="597D13C6A86E1AF7B7C9382B56754427">
|
||||
Spermathecal pores large, having four pairs in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 and widely-spaced, latero-ventral (
|
||||
<quantity id="3D4C583BE4953574C381ABBF572A9FCC" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9499999999999997" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.9" unit="mm" value="0.295" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.29">0.29–0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) in pre-intersegmental hemispherical arc (spermathecal papillae). Pre-clitellar genital markings circular in shape, latero-ventral (
|
||||
<quantity id="CCACA79D18EC8F5AA8F035FEB9EA0175" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="0.27" valueMax="0.29" valueMin="0.25">0.25–0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||||
), randomly located in pairs (three pairs / two pairs / one pair, a total of 2–6 genital markings), or asymmetrically located on one side (1–2 genital markings), about
|
||||
<quantity id="0EDBF9BEE1EC072A0B12F415E63F84D4" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.8999999999999995" metricValueMin="3.8" unit="mm" value="0.485" valueMax="0.59" valueMin="0.38">0.38–0.59 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in diameter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F772AB0EF7AC5E903C724A063B765BED">
|
||||
Male pores superficially paired in XVIII close to lateral margin (with ventral distance
|
||||
<quantity id="040D1E9C7C6AC9D4CF2836D717715D2F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.6" unit="mm" value="0.275" valueMax="0.29" valueMin="0.26">0.26–0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) on large circular porophores. Post-clitellar genital markings distinguishably paired, post-setally in XVIII, mid-ventral to male pore,
|
||||
<quantity id="956CC74A190F01FA740C468149E8B1EB" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.549999999999999" metricValueMax="6.8999999999999995" metricValueMin="4.2" unit="mm" value="0.5549999999999999" valueMax="0.69" valueMin="0.42">0.42–0.69 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in diameter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="07F57C34702D91C3E54A4CFF1D215F58">
|
||||
Septa 4 / 5–7 / 8 and 10 / 11–14 / 15 thickened, 8 / 9 / 10 absent. Esophageal gizzard within
|
||||
<collectionCode id="DE130E99599D031015D4ECE95E8C80ED">VIII-X</collectionCode>
|
||||
. Intestinal origin at XV (or
|
||||
<collectionCode id="8E7BB52C6D7D7AD02481F98D1256191E">XIV</collectionCode>
|
||||
). Intestinal caeca simple, paired in XXVII, extending anteriorly to XXII. Last hearts in XIII.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="82AA2F9AECE9D9B5E3ACC6D92FE27365">Four pairs of spermathecae in VI-IX. Ampulla ovate, wrinkled; ducts short and stout. Diverticula reaching one-third to half of ampulla with a slender stalk and a wider seminal chamber; seminal chamber elongated or botuliform. Accessory glands sessile and round.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="666FF2D301560264AB286C4B131E05D3">
|
||||
Seminal vesicles paired in XI and XII, large, smooth, yellowish, posterior pair larger but not as obvious compared to
|
||||
<emphasis id="D46E16B4A3710AA70A1F94A4AC3D9787" italics="true">
|
||||
A. c.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A7C4F8CD8D5F8EB398BB7F5376354977" authorityName="" (Blakemore" authorityYear="2012" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carnosus">carnosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, each with a dorsal lobe. Ovaries present. Prostate glands paired in XVIII, large, lobulated, covering XVI-XX; ducts thick and large, U-shaped. Accessory glands round, sessile, or slightly lobed, corresponding to each genital marking around male pore area.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHUBG" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7ADBA534422167780017A9B7BECD2291">
|
||||
<heading id="04189BF9AD75D001146814B8BBF2FA0B" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="834DE6EB655A70F2D3EB8B630B87C0D4">
|
||||
Northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="994ED45A7D0FA58C4A535272564FE819" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="CF5A90701A1CCF9CC7B9A68C76552AD4" country="China" name="Liaoning">Liaoning</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="A9D379A5A1A64A5E267DBB03D2A66BA5" country="China" name="Beijing">Beijing</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="C63E638CF404BE75DE91E9E57A172B5C" name="South Korea">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(Ulleung Island).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMUBG" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="248AA4BB1A4F82D6D1CB02EA3E7B6C62">
|
||||
<heading id="5900FE8CE12D4CC4DD44F6A09308F9DB" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7637CFC769A141E77D23E840503AA6A8">
|
||||
There is not much of a thorough morphological description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9B48D46BAF144289D94709DA103C0D66" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="carnosus" subSpecies="naribunji">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E94119A48AB53FA46CA842FCFB242CDC" italics="true">A. carnosus naribunji</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the original account of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C05D27EF15DD7158416DDAA579AD18F3" DOI="10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.099" author="Blakemore R" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Species Research" pagination="99-126" refId="B7" refString="Blakemore R (2013 a) Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research 2 (2): 99–126. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.099" title="Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)." volume="2">Blakemore (2013 a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) (see Suppl. material
|
||||
<xref id="21321C4C90E06DBF3BEFBB1F8FB08715" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">1</xref>
|
||||
: table S 3) aside from its single illustration of paired post-clitellar genital markings in the male pore area and a spermathecal pore with corresponding spermathecae shown in fig. 4 by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8F548A2FD7C8FA937C60963FBFEBA5E8" DOI="10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.055" author="Blakemore R" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Species Research" pagination="55-68" refId="B9" refString="Blakemore R (2013 c) Ulleung-do earthworms - Dagelet Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 55–68. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.055" title="Ulleung-do earthworms - Dagelet Island revisited." volume="2">Blakemore (2013 c</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2DCD9EEB1F3EBAE92F9DA46877A71C1E">
|
||||
Notable features of
|
||||
<emphasis id="57DFD359EB010A24C292F17A33521D69" italics="true">A. c. naribunji</emphasis>
|
||||
in comparison with
|
||||
<emphasis id="D68EC78C75EF03BB11F31CE7E0F46E1A" italics="true">
|
||||
A. c.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A3566626989A5CBB064D9DA6C2F91EF9" authorityName="" (Blakemore" authorityYear="2012" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carnosus">carnosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
were its slightly larger size with lengths of
|
||||
<quantity id="FA6C61D3911FE25615B71FEE2C4EB6F4" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.065" metricValueMax="2.28" metricValueMin="1.85" unit="mm" value="206.5" valueMax="228.0" valueMin="185.0">185–228 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, typically wide-spaced pre-clitellar genital markings with a maximum number of six (three pairs) to at least three genital markings; pre-setal / post-setal in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="D13DF094DCD54002CE836DF50C9948CB">VIII</collectionCode>
|
||||
and pre-setal in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="A820D51E09D01CA5A512AE378CBDF2DF">IX</collectionCode>
|
||||
. In contrast,
|
||||
<emphasis id="AB0198FC75A9B081085F57CEE025B579" italics="true">
|
||||
A. c.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB4EBE8058896F551E938BB58CBD8F29" authorityName="" (Blakemore" authorityYear="2012" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carnosus">carnosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
is typically medium to smaller size, with mostly only four genital markings (two pairs) or less, either wide or closely-spaced pre-clitellar (Table
|
||||
<tableCitation id="294A8AD157E5FF3B41A2EB459F26595A" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Character comparison among A. c. carnosus, A. c. naribunji, and A. c. roki. The asterisk stands for the figure in Blakemore and Lee 2013 a, p. 131, yet there is no definite description.">3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="4B3E03604337DDF3DFB61825FEC04B5E" startId="T3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E246BD42E471DF0F405E90853D7E3E5B">
|
||||
<label id="18D6EE5ADD49A9111DF113689AAD49C1">Table 3.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="461A9F73E316EF1733179FCE511C3316">
|
||||
Character comparison among
|
||||
<emphasis id="623209101EF1D97E5D6FF43BBB4D6688" italics="true">
|
||||
A. c.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FB86A24E43ACB4979FA07AB06C07548" authorityName="" (Blakemore" authorityYear="2012" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carnosus">carnosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="434A6967CC24E91D4F5C99DCC9289C79" italics="true">A. c. naribunji</emphasis>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="E3763E69371886994F029B308CC31F88" italics="true">A. c. roki</emphasis>
|
||||
. The asterisk stands for the figure in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C95040927A2B9F73A84D673EE2812918" DOI="10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.127" author="Blakemore and Lee" firstAuthor="Blakemore" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Species Research" pagination="127-144" refId="B10" refString="Blakemore R, Lee W (2013) Survey of Busan Oligochaeta earthworms supported by DNA barcodes. Journal of Species Research 2 (2): 127–144. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.127" title="Survey of Busan Oligochaeta earthworms supported by DNA barcodes." volume="2" year="2013">Blakemore and Lee 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
a, p. 131, yet there is no definite description.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A6BF190E44A1841B38BDDB9EA0303161">
|
||||
<table id="TID0ESPAI" rules="all">
|
||||
<tbody id="3EFC2113E3FFD0EB00752EBACDA096E8">
|
||||
<tr id="A06B2F7444539CF59A6573A66AA8F458">
|
||||
<th id="351C05CCE168FC2E10C26A7C37924F86" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
|
||||
<emphasis id="EB8FA8100D0DD0AA3B67AF179BBE7FEE" italics="true">
|
||||
<th id="061B77B4BAC0726D88F4DFE1B88BBB3F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="91B7F876A580A6DB025C137082806BAD" authorityName="Goto & Hatai" authorityYear="1899" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="carnosus" subSpecies="carnosus">A. carnosus carnosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="5668B3368E704D4BACCD703F269F5A68" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DED9CC58168661CE8B47BCF868CEFB32" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="carnosus" subSpecies="naribunji">A. carnosus naribunji</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8291B32288DF2C9C6A10474E35A4083F" authority="Length" authorityName="Length" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="carnosus" subSpecies="roki">
|
||||
<th id="0253DE7E5A7DA0ECBB149CDBA4D29A5F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">A. carnosus roki</th>
|
||||
<tr id="C5D657DA5CAE2177F2E00890E15F1D63">
|
||||
<td id="13A942A133EED594126DA9170215C72A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length</td>
|
||||
<td id="487C3ED3EDB5C55D69579CE4B31AED96" colspan="1" rowspan="1">105–340 mm</td>
|
||||
<td id="7F68BD4A4316746C27D2E4C60AC55105" colspan="1" rowspan="1">185–228 mm</td>
|
||||
<td id="B10EEE652A7C89E1BDF930E935A9F176" colspan="1" rowspan="1">175–300 mm</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="384418CA028031B3C295E48DBD2C4E32">
|
||||
<td id="7AB4A46989CDBFF94E07D07DDAE639EE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">No. of segments</td>
|
||||
<td id="D4A6CC89FF60AA1F11E0ED5A09C25929" colspan="1" rowspan="1">96–179</td>
|
||||
<td id="3D407B3FB85C8946D924825F8F48F578" colspan="1" rowspan="1">121–137</td>
|
||||
<td id="818E1C7E79CE4E7E730667CD25BF6FB4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">136</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="8D1A15D616487C6DF362F2ADCF38229F">
|
||||
<td id="08BC6945F72C303D7937AD7EC1C6487F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
No. of setae between
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E12BG" xlink_title="male pore">mp</abbrev>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="3A692A9E2FE29B140CC5577CA82C2D2B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16–20</td>
|
||||
<td id="9CF0D1DAFBEF0E7510A64071E40A7DC4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17–20</td>
|
||||
<td id="19A064875BEB6ED7846432AA24B8F463" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="53E7F003DD7FE731567BA9E5603599AA">
|
||||
<td id="1FC56627C1B7DD50A8869FD14942702D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male pore</td>
|
||||
<td id="DC6267F28DE9FC78FDB16E142A4EC9DE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">round or elliptical porophores</td>
|
||||
<td id="78AE3191318D6D197CCA2902125AF0F5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">on large circular porophores,</td>
|
||||
<td id="1A6921B2C12234B726D403A278D60B05" colspan="1" rowspan="1">superficial on small mounds within concentric rings</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="DD2C29242AC248ED4919B989BEE31DC3">
|
||||
<td id="9FDB47926EF33FF982FCB88FDF24E401" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Distance between Male pores (circumference apart)</td>
|
||||
<td id="634FAB92955D308DC3E1C820D634DC9C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.25–0.29</td>
|
||||
<td id="64B1FDE31F9633FB82D696F39B341F50" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.26–0.29</td>
|
||||
<td id="6AC1A1B687F93BC7DF76BEB337F926B1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.30</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="ADBCE665CB905189E6DE58AB90776A6B">
|
||||
<td id="B41F7AAF994C0CF8128EDE4C5CEB5287" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spermathecal pore</td>
|
||||
<td id="994B48D3C2AEDB1406CC1C8D2CB9D7C8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6 / 7 / 8 / 9 (three pairs, rarely); 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 (four pairs); 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 (five pairs, rarely); with pre-intersegmental spemathecal papillae</td>
|
||||
<td id="2FA00A46FBC5FBA355F0009E0BDE8E51" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 (four pairs) with pre-intersegmental spermathecal papillae</td>
|
||||
<td id="4947D7622F0FFF12D8D8F5DC9FF6CD92" colspan="1" rowspan="1">post-intersegmental pores 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 (four pairs) with post-intersegmental spermathecal papillae</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="007CF67A2AFF110C5CBDE06DA2AE2799">
|
||||
<td id="0914B99AC58EFFCF04E37F888B4BEA60" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Distance between spermathecal pores (circumference apart)</td>
|
||||
<td id="68BA664620B94056B2D694CF0352AC0C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.28–0.30</td>
|
||||
<td id="D515B4E5C8EA280B5149605D871361EC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.29–0.30</td>
|
||||
<td id="2B1A856C54C80CE350F27FC14B0E85C3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="BC5BD76DFF92D56C5B776E5BAA312DAA">
|
||||
<td id="A0109FAD4D558753C8DBAC1A17120C40" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pre-clitellar gm (circumference apart)</td>
|
||||
<td id="0F3DB7AD2D510D3297DB7D813BBEC0B7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">closely paired or widely spaced pre-setal in VIII and IX, mid-ventral (mostly two pairs, total of 1–4 GMs)</td>
|
||||
<td id="F09DAD4A1809808849689F1521BC495D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">widely spaced, randomly located in pairs (three pairs or two pairs or one pair, a total of 2–6 GMs)</td>
|
||||
<td id="7555B35D45C6F8D83135B610EB589A8A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4BF593D74B00B99C2E27F2A8F291CC62">
|
||||
<td id="B1146372179AAEA853C7D82A2A5DBB26" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Post-clitellar gm (circumference apart)</td>
|
||||
<td id="6D1D053BF798DA63E02AE9D7880E0ED4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">up to three pairs of genital markings near male pores, pre- / post-setal in VXIII and pre-setal in XIX. Second pair, post-setal more medial than the first</td>
|
||||
<td id="D087E6AB4470A5AD050E191CB74B0F09" colspan="1" rowspan="1">distinguishably paired, post-setal in XVIII, mid-ventral to male pore</td>
|
||||
<td id="70293C74FEF9FB79DB79304D6C90E642" colspan="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="12C42B700B605FF387F1DACCAFBB050F">
|
||||
<td id="C274661E71127F0334F78405752E70D4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spermathecae (circumference apart)</td>
|
||||
<td id="BBAB6142EE13A3F3D36EC71F21A89949" colspan="1" rowspan="1">typically four pairs in VI – IX, first pair often slightly smaller; or three pairs in VII – IX or five in IV-IX</td>
|
||||
<td id="9F7BCB53EB92111C3C2F9AAA58637B75" colspan="1" rowspan="1">four pairs in VI-IX</td>
|
||||
<td id="0187D2BE1E4051A2DFB05433C666AB5B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">four pairs in VI-IX</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="3D7798C6BAD8FC829348144081F06B15">
|
||||
<td id="5100BDA655CF33BB43AA247C089DDEC1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ampulla and Duct (circumference apart)</td>
|
||||
<td id="19EAD4CC114CA1C3CB026EB2CF97E126" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Wrinkled; Ovate to narrowly ovate</td>
|
||||
<td id="9C3EFCF7A7B8E76D2183EC251C696207" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Wrinkled; Ovate to narrowly ovate</td>
|
||||
<td id="75FA7BCEBF43C6FDF4C836CD69E95F47" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrowly ovate *</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="3DB8EAE62727DC74FCE980CCC5B28384">
|
||||
<td id="ED0C9A88135FDADFDB5A2B51AF1AC246" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Prostate gland (circumference apart)</td>
|
||||
<td id="CAD2137AA48FF4DA39A02B9618464D98" colspan="1" rowspan="1">racemose at XVIII, covering XV (or XVI) – XX</td>
|
||||
<td id="6A4C9B5EA964C06FAE300DAA7EE90009" colspan="1" rowspan="1">racemose at XVIII, covering XVI-XX</td>
|
||||
<td id="A1A1CB80E9ACA161F52B1FA727281498" colspan="1" rowspan="1">racemose in XVIII</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="B701E5CB42AE08D1A3DBC89EB5FAD2F2">
|
||||
<td id="0D2457E63884526F9B3F08A6D1425876" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Intestinal caeca (circumference apart)</td>
|
||||
<td id="40FACE6C2F7B3630B5BC2388E3CDDBE7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">paired in XXVII, simple, extending to XX, or XI, or XIII</td>
|
||||
<td id="056591EB7E72484CDB3771776A73E013" colspan="1" rowspan="1">paired in XXVII, simple, extending to XXII</td>
|
||||
<td id="79D6138D5DD7E88184AFB35D8542C73D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Simple from XXVII</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="EE5A6BA985E9FCDD21764DE42BF347C5">
|
||||
<td id="2A2AA0B0853303576A9DCC7F3D966F99" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Gizzard (circumference apart)</td>
|
||||
<td id="A9BD539602458ED10AE2FA4A1E702937" colspan="1" rowspan="1">VIII-X</td>
|
||||
<td id="FE976F0291DC6A8EA5C22637362E94DD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">VIII-X</td>
|
||||
<td id="32584B88083521E5CDDE311F17D5BD54" colspan="1" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="9B2232A821AB73C75C928BB270548D89">
|
||||
<td id="C841DA78276A8A3F617079CDB35C0374" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Intestine</td>
|
||||
<td id="DBEBC4965F29C0DD11B1D78FE1ECD309" colspan="1" rowspan="1">XV (or XIV)</td>
|
||||
<td id="1F9DAA258FE84CF548EB3448A3220068" colspan="1" rowspan="1">XV</td>
|
||||
<td id="41641B0D21A49DC739FCB1A92073A14E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">NA</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DC48F18CA88CEB236BB4C7A8CA71DEDE">
|
||||
The distinctive character of having “ a pair of genital markings posterio-median to male pores ” in
|
||||
<emphasis id="491F3C9104BD7C06DD86F230C81E13FB" italics="true">A. c. naribunji</emphasis>
|
||||
may distinguish it from those of
|
||||
<emphasis id="F151107544865AC9F081038452B807A6" italics="true">
|
||||
A. c.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E78BD69EB6A807041C099D7A4373468F" authority="(Blakemore, 2013 a)" baseAuthorityName="Blakemore" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carnosus">carnosus (Blakemore, 2013 a)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
. However, it is now undeniable that this seemingly “ distinctive character ” was likewise observed in the
|
||||
<emphasis id="360540F9F3E7EAE86929FA53DC735FDC" italics="true">
|
||||
A. c.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="98DF38211ACDA002F28FEB709EC60701" baseAuthorityName="Blakemore" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carnosus">carnosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
specimens from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="043631D82EAF8B107AB1472971FBED27" country="China" name="Liaoning">Liaoning</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="BEB59065BB0A5C2431B7C4503A0186F0" country="China" name="Henan">Henan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C6C3ED748470978162064CD758D40802" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Image comparison of male pore porophores and paired posterio-median genital markings between A. carnosus carnosus. A, B. (specimen IDs 362 R 1 _ 07 and HNLNR 2 _ 04) and A. carnosus naribunji from Liaoning; C-E. (specimen IDs 551 R 3 _ 01, 551 R 3 _ 09, and 551 R 3 _ 06) and Ulleungdo, F. (specimen ID w 54)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119292.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105979">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Here, we dismiss the former notion of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B2A111DF00DCEAF094CB29AF8A1C96B" DOI="10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.099" author="Blakemore R" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Species Research" pagination="99-126" refId="B7" refString="Blakemore R (2013 a) Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research 2 (2): 99–126. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.099" title="Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)." volume="2">Blakemore (2013 a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) “ to consider for exclusion Kobayashi’s
|
||||
<typeStatus id="6A1E7B8166810B3CCB23BB0C521C7A33">Types</typeStatus>
|
||||
I and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="8831213B7F7E8F011CC82B018C0E603E">II</collectionCode>
|
||||
markings ” as a distinctive character for the
|
||||
<emphasis id="39C01F0B2A5D9BA4F5B0E0EE96B7F4D9" italics="true">
|
||||
A. c.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F678445276F79A3A1F48D2DED99A39D" baseAuthorityName="Blakemore" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carnosus">carnosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
subspecies,
|
||||
<emphasis id="D3913E6C997B10DD3E4D1962C82DBDDB" italics="true">A. c. naribunji</emphasis>
|
||||
. Although this might be the case, one cannot ignore the certain degree of dissimilarity between the two subspecies’ morphological characters (e. g., the shape of male pore porophore and the distinct shape of the genital markings in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B390D4949B733B272B3C7AD398645036" italics="true">A. c. naribunji</emphasis>
|
||||
, described as “ disc-like ” by Blakemore). As such, applications of state-of-the-art methodologies such as high-throughput sequencing or geometric morphometric (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F3540182533D5536B1C671151B0EA1C1" DOI="10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106767" author="Marchan" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Marchan" refId="B28" refString="Marchán DF, Novo M, Sánchez N, Domínguez J, Díaz Cosín DJ, Fernández R (2020) Local adaptation fuels cryptic speciation in terrestrial annelids. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106767" year="2020">Marchán et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) may be adopted that go beyond traditional methods of taxonomic diagnosis (which in this case is rather insufficient to “ quantify ” the degree of variations). Nevertheless, the incorporation of genetic data such as DNA barcoding and calculating K 2 P intraspecific distances (as conducted in this study) may aid in suggesting subspecies delineation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
143
data/48/D3/B2/48D3B2F4452958EAA534238D65DCC5FE.xml
Normal file
143
data/48/D3/B2/48D3B2F4452958EAA534238D65DCC5FE.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="928852A8D884AC664E42714D76656655">Distribution and systematics of the cosmopolitan Amynthas carnosus complex (Crassiclitellata, Megascolecidae) from eastern Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8485CD8954C048E46A165B0FDB93B7F6">Han, Anne Charis N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="36B3F6EB96EEBDDDB4377345F8543944">Zhang, Yufeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="687D3B07219AAC0CE9A9C1EDBD71D2FA">Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="48D3B2F4452958EAA534238D65DCC5FE" ID-arpha="48D3B2F4-4529-58EA-A534-238D65DCC5FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:48D3B2F4452958EAA534238D65DCC5FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48D3B2F4452958EAA534238D65DCC5FE">
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<taxonomicName id="49031F3443204CC1DF3B49127817C3C0" authority="Blakemore & Lee, 2013" authorityName="Blakemore & Lee" authorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="carnosus" subSpecies="roki">
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<emphasis id="5B4A5985A1F9F843A6B488E003649394" italics="true">Amynthas carnosus roki</emphasis>
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<heading id="4DDCCD6783533549544BEC1700856E95" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
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In
|
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<collectingCountry id="C614BA28137EFAA3B88FB25F6569A25D" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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, only molecular data is available in the Genbank (Accession No.
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<ext-link id="C64CEE94E0E809606725349F4F4F6DF3" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="KT252956" xlink_type="simple">
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<accessionNumber id="00F0D3F9BF0F2ED035F67F25E8C6A61C" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KT252956">KT 252956</accessionNumber>
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</ext-link>
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).
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<heading id="0B916345B79BFE0918D8C86B97EB1439" reason="title">Description.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="604F43C53DE94E6B8520D96E726DB8FE">
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See
|
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<bibRefCitation id="036EAF944344F5922557174C666199BC" DOI="10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.127" author="Blakemore R & Lee W" firstAuthor="Blakemore" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Species Research" page="129 - 132" pagination="127-144" refId="B10" refString="Blakemore R, Lee W (2013) Survey of Busan Oligochaeta earthworms supported by DNA barcodes. Journal of Species Research 2 (2): 127–144. https://doi.org/10.12651/JSR.2013.2.2.127" title="Survey of Busan Oligochaeta earthworms supported by DNA barcodes." volume="2" year="2013">Blakemore and Lee 2013: 129–132</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
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|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EIGAI" type="distribution">
|
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<paragraph id="8F2BA5ADD7055B59D811E68DEF3E372F">
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<heading id="B59EC600D31491297742AAB00939C78F" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1824ADCC572625BBE454B64F5C2CBCE1">
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<collectingCountry id="6A51D50CFD6677A1D6DD021E53E55104" name="South Korea">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4AFD3A83C7ABACFFB332BCBA38B72808" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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109
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|
||||
<mods:start id="87EABFEF06BDE99A1DD58BC080319F6E">1075</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="C080DE60EEF30F1706DC5117DA51BAC1">1084</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="559018E6C63D06CFB9E5643976C6AE21">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="AA64398CA4749D0C8D28B0FC7F0A0CF9" type="DOI">10.3897/zse.100.130661</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="7DA35FB59B58FAC86086DD18DEB70985" type="ZooBank">BBA9A2D1-3E5D-4F42-9BA3-456957BA0706</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="5719A8A3E494503CB41BD728CD8F97C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151460" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151460" ID-arpha="5719A8A3-E494-503C-B41B-D728CD8F97C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5719A8A3E494503CB41BD728CD8F97C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5719A8A3E494503CB41BD728CD8F97C4">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="301CDD89DA89866F24640EBA60B28A63" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F2C17FF395761C4815377E09A5BB1981">
|
||||
<heading id="EC334590F340B33D061FE45CC9727128" reason="label">Genus</heading>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6940096F42CA705F978F76870F572D79" ID-CoL="7PK4R" authority="Lindholm, 1924" authorityName="Lindholm" authorityYear="1924" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Tropidauchenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B99901D7253AD7C4F54E24EC90E7BDE1" italics="true">Tropidauchenia</emphasis>
|
||||
Lindholm, 1924
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMABG" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2C91164F4704DB86D82D9A58D442BF14">
|
||||
<heading id="5F457ABE09C270F3C5AE0585C01CD78D" reason="title">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="EA686D779B59D8DC0B6614608EF914CE">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9DDCC6DC7D809631786FB22A60CD43E1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="570DD9467BF19A2D12589D5D85121940" authority="Lindholm, 1924" authorityName="Lindholm" authorityYear="1924" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Clausilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bavayi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DD78BF2AB800F4D69FC966DE7D20D66C" italics="true">Clausilia bavayi</emphasis>
|
||||
Lindholm, 1924
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, by original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue