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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0a7142d-1eae-4254-b91a-30b70eb9b5ee" ID-PMC="PMC6690523" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-183" ID-PubMed="31413657" ID-ZooBank="A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-183" checkinTime="1565091121862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 183-306" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" docTitle="Narella Gray 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="256" masterDocId="D577415D00092007FFDF4B2B606EFFFB" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="255" updateTime="1668167482081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="5415525EED9B205019B85A41A0E0178D">A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
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<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
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<treatment id="152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Primnoidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
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<subSubSection id="57032D7CFFEC8D5D2242D701A62DE0C2" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="38CCEE8397EEA054B6A50D6B4213E1E5" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
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Genus
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||||
<taxonomicName LSID="152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" authority="Gray, 1870" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Narella Gray, 1870</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="8F954CEB225912FE437285A75415359B" ID-CoL="84QPH" LSID="152D22434565AC6B5F1DAB3301380941" authority="Gray, 1870" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Narella Gray, 1870</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Narella</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="44CFC3621EF36333CE6B281FC90EFEB7" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0B1C9CA12C840BB754BED23241502987" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
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<taxonomicName id="A2580B231E6C091921F1C13E2013CF38" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Narella</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1870: 49.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="12BEDE4B4A2E77C480DC7E715A3084D6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 168.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Science" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="91 - 102" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/866" refId="B3" refString="Bayer, FM, 1951. A revision of the nomenclature of the Gorgoniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with an illustrated key to the genera. . Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 41: 91 - 102" title="A revision of the nomenclature of the Gorgoniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with an illustrated key to the genera." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/866" volume="41" year="1951">Bayer 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="ED87F0FDC13BDAF5C7A4CD4B7FDD0694" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Science" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="91 - 102" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/866" refId="B3" refString="Bayer, FM, 1951. A revision of the nomenclature of the Gorgoniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with an illustrated key to the genera. . Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 41: 91 - 102" title="A revision of the nomenclature of the Gorgoniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with an illustrated key to the genera." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/866" volume="41" year="1951">Bayer 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 41-43;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B4">1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="03C422D8B6B018DC7B9649DAFF81D6A1" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B4">1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: F222; 1961: 295 (key); 1981: 937 (key); 1995: 147, 148; 1997: 511.
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||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="617 - 648" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1243" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2003. Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 3: The genus Narella Gray, 1870. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116: 617 - 648" title="Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 3: The genus Narella Gray, 1870." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1243" volume="116" year="2003">Cairns and Bayer 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4CD55B92B72CB96854B74C2DE34C477C" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="617 - 648" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1243" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2003. Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 3: The genus Narella Gray, 1870. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116: 617 - 648" title="Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 3: The genus Narella Gray, 1870." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1243" volume="116" year="2003">Cairns and Bayer 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 618, 619;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="7 - 10" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6203" refId="B42" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2004a. Narella Gray, 1870 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype for its type species Primnoaregularis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860. . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 61: 7 - 10" title="Narella Gray, 1870 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype for its type species Primnoaregularis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6203" volume="61" year="2004 a">2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C31C4839E127343D26FD68059572EE21" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="7 - 10" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6203" refId="B42" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2004a. Narella Gray, 1870 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype for its type species Primnoaregularis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860. . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 61: 7 - 10" title="Narella Gray, 1870 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype for its type species Primnoaregularis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6203" volume="61" year="2004 a">2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 7-10.
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||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="43E3038E66DCBC0B7663F1A9E76B5003" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 392, 393 [a more complete synonymy and discussion].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2008. . https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" url="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Cairns and Bayer 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6BE1C5A3B326C1627822AE87B49E3500" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2008. . https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" url="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Cairns and Bayer 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||||
: 84-86;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E165F3B8B23A1607120E2A98C170A65D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 2, 30, 31, 43.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 71" refId="B35" refString="Cairns, SD, 2012. New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part I. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa. . NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs 126: 1 - 71" title="New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part I. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa." volume="126" year="2012">Cairns 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="BD212964FF43D9DAA9126B85B7B2E3C5" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 71" refId="B35" refString="Cairns, SD, 2012. New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part I. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa. . NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs 126: 1 - 71" title="New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part I. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa." volume="126" year="2012">Cairns 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 14.
|
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx003" author="Taylor, ML" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society," pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="70 - 97" refId="B162" refString="Taylor, ML, Rogers, AD, 2017. Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) of the SW Indian Ocean: new species, genus revisions and systematics. . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 181: 70 - 97" title="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) of the SW Indian Ocean: new species, genus revisions and systematics." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx003" volume="181" year="2017">Taylor and Rogers 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="02A113F9F7EA9A31CFD8FA926177D74D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx003" author="Taylor, ML" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society," pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="70 - 97" refId="B162" refString="Taylor, ML, Rogers, AD, 2017. Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) of the SW Indian Ocean: new species, genus revisions and systematics. . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 181: 70 - 97" title="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) of the SW Indian Ocean: new species, genus revisions and systematics." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx003" volume="181" year="2017">Taylor and Rogers 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 4.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 46" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, SD, 2018a. Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1. Suborder Calcaxonia. . ZooKeys 729: 1 - 46" title="Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1. Suborder Calcaxonia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" volume="729" year="2018 a">Cairns 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="595A3934F6B84CBE26907E4D834FD17E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 46" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, SD, 2018a. Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1. Suborder Calcaxonia. . ZooKeys 729: 1 - 46" title="Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1. Suborder Calcaxonia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" volume="729" year="2018 a">Cairns 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 20, 21;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 43" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, SD, 2018b. Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the 'Okeanos Explorer' expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific. . Zootaxa 4532: 1 - 43" title="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the ' Okeanos Explorer' expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" volume="4532" year="2018 b">2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="776D022C35640EFCFCDB5CFFF6E0965D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 43" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, SD, 2018b. Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the 'Okeanos Explorer' expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific. . Zootaxa 4532: 1 - 43" title="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the ' Okeanos Explorer' expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" volume="4532" year="2018 b">2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 19.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.29922" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B47" refString="Cairns, SD, Taylor, ML, 2019. An illustrated key to the species of the genus Narella (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Primnoidae). . ZooKeys 822: 1 - 15" title="An illustrated key to the species of the genus Narella (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.29922" volume="822" year="2019">Cairns and Taylor 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EEFEA3871802D31B86DE20E4E6ED047A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.29922" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B47" refString="Cairns, SD, Taylor, ML, 2019. An illustrated key to the species of the genus Narella (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Primnoidae). . ZooKeys 822: 1 - 15" title="An illustrated key to the species of the genus Narella (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.29922" volume="822" year="2019">Cairns and Taylor 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1-15.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stachyodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stachyodes" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stachyodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4F37BBF2E216636FB67097264DB3DF08" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C9F3C1DF1689656B0979E29A16BB83F2" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stachyodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stachyodes" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stachyodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wright and Studer in Studer, 1887: 49; 1901: 40.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4E17EC1D3B3C32021FE1539CBE84EAC5" author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: xlvii, 53.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9064197EFA7996E658659C9A9E433126" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 86-88.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037640" refId="B166" refString="Thomson, JA, Henderson, WD, 1906a. . https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037640" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037640" year="1906 a">Thomson and Henderson 1906a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DAC2DCD6BE38B4867F56E1852D8D3B1F" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037640" refId="B166" refString="Thomson, JA, Henderson, WD, 1906a. . https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037640" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037640" year="1906 a">Thomson and Henderson 1906a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 35.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="229 - 237" refId="B116" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1907. Vorlaeufige Mitteilung uber einige neue japanische Primnoidkorallen. . Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 6: 229 - 237" title="Vorlaeufige Mitteilung uber einige neue japanische Primnoidkorallen." volume="6" year="1907">Kinoshita 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4996FDC1890A494D0FF7748365C4D222" author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="229 - 237" refId="B116" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1907. Vorlaeufige Mitteilung uber einige neue japanische Primnoidkorallen. . Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 6: 229 - 237" title="Vorlaeufige Mitteilung uber einige neue japanische Primnoidkorallen." volume="6" year="1907">Kinoshita 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 233;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9748A6A099656E593B9C64F11B7B7336" author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 45-47.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" refId="B168" refString="Thomson, JA, Russell, ES, 1910. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" year="1910">Thomson and Russell 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BE69393291D613074800787F33FC7533" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" refId="B168" refString="Thomson, JA, Russell, ES, 1910. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" year="1910">Thomson and Russell 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 142.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B123">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A879BA6B541CC0116ABCE00E863162F4" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B123">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="879E698EB266B5D253BD7BD040DA1795" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1912
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 59;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger," pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="142 - 158" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" refId="B126" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915b. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46: 142 - 158" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" volume="46" year="1915 b">1915b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5A4D2E9A101D8B1FB2E6214F07F39293" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger," pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="142 - 158" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" refId="B126" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915b. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46: 142 - 158" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" volume="46" year="1915 b">1915b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 152;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B127">1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4F247ECC47C963EAD1CAEE2E28B642AC" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B127">1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 452-456;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F352C072C8DD23DBD3D7E2FC7AA5C69C" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 308, 309.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calypterinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calypterinus" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Calypterinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6F9BF852DD8909331AA1645B0B158ACC" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="362AB1B534FC86B2290E15F30B65F9FB" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calypterinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calypterinus" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Calypterinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wright and Studer in Studer, 1887: 49.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3B2DD7B42465D13C9F10D111453A8AE5" author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: xlviii, 54.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ECC39BDF230C6A76729517FE3EEA4BAE" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
(?)
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calyptrophora" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Calyptrophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C4579CE79A2C3324CCF334B53D46F745" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calyptrophora" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Calyptrophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(pars) Verrill (in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B15">Bayer and Cairns 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A45054BD61B06D1A799DA6D6EA2587F2" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" refId="B15">Bayer and Cairns 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa regularis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Primnoa regularis</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FCE44C4414ABB608530C0A2EE8E26E8E" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CE67E074DCBDB0C6EA088010D4537CDB" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F55591918B6EE9766157EE07B07B8B7E" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7D86CCD66E2793FD4192320C00F3528D" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa regularis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8F9824E48AAD61B97882A9BA9F873A41" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Primnoa regularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="40A7F74D4A303FF14E0CB2C8176F6B2E" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6D06B7489B3EA08C511730E0DC159336" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C9EFF36CCC74446803B4F51A4643017B" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, St. Lucia, south of
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="13.6075">13°36'27"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BC59210CFCD717206D646032A2EC359A" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="13.6075">13°36'27"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-61.059998">61°03'36"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4CA848CE7613C0BDD8E5491990A4DDCC" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-61.059998">61°03'36"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 514 m.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="type specimen">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Type specimen.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Neotype</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AE272730803D0D6FE21B20DF5C210731" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="type specimen">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4AD975F0DBE4CA504A26545A9880EEC2" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Type specimen.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ECC903D2AEAD09518616291B3CBC5F03" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE2F624EE6D6CE0F16D4F4034403FA3" bold="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Neotype</emphasis>
|
||||
of type housed at NMNH (USNM 49385, wet); not examined.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">None housed at SBMNH.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9206E613163FD2F32A5B0AF9EC52341C" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B7C97E01A889F08A1328D8D5C9F26C56" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0EC9430E80EB19BC3DC102D9080E2E54" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">None housed at SBMNH.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="73" pageNumber="256" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="37A923F1B70C5F459268DF4EDF2D61E8" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B9B9A60D134A6A924286B266176AA761" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="5638C9D15658C15C58A56B9265E7C242" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Colonies of moderate size (to 50 cm height), branched dichotomously or pinnately (some few trichotomously) in single plane, or unbranched. Polyps conspicuous, facing downward, in discrete whorls or pairs, non-retractile. Axis continuous; strongly calcified, especially in lower branches; generally grey to black, sometimes with metallic sheen; down center of axis (longitudinally grooved) is solid core of calcareous material. Base a discoidal holdfast, for attachment to solid substrates. Sclerites are scales, on polyps, usually numbering sixteen to eighteen on each polyp (not counting tentacular sclerites), arranged in three or four pairs of large unfused abaxial body wall scales that partially encircle polyp, but rarely meet adaxially; arranged so as to have definite pattern and number. With adaxial buccal scales commonly present, one well developed buccal in each row. Operculum consists of eight (four pairs) generally triangular scales, each with distinct longitudinal medial keel on inner surface, with corresponding trough on outer surface. Tentacles can contain few to numerous, minute, flat rodlets; coenenchymal sclerites elongate or elliptical scales, often with tall longitudinal keels.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F93EFF56D4B359C1768DB7A836926106" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Colonies of moderate size (to 50 cm height), branched dichotomously or pinnately (some few trichotomously) in single plane, or unbranched. Polyps conspicuous, facing downward, in discrete whorls or pairs, non-retractile. Axis continuous; strongly calcified, especially in lower branches; generally grey to black, sometimes with metallic sheen; down center of axis (longitudinally grooved) is solid core of calcareous material. Base a discoidal holdfast, for attachment to solid substrates. Sclerites are scales, on polyps, usually numbering sixteen to eighteen on each polyp (not counting tentacular sclerites), arranged in three or four pairs of large unfused abaxial body wall scales that partially encircle polyp, but rarely meet adaxially; arranged so as to have definite pattern and number. With adaxial buccal scales commonly present, one well developed buccal in each row. Operculum consists of eight (four pairs) generally triangular scales, each with distinct longitudinal medial keel on inner surface, with corresponding trough on outer surface. Tentacles can contain few to numerous, minute, flat rodlets; coenenchymal sclerites elongate or elliptical scales, often with tall longitudinal keels.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F94CC4472704A7DE928120CAC3598AD3" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="967DC404F0618DF5C4A5351199C33C4A" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EA5C9314FB76D8107585ECF9EFE1FC45" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
|
||||
Exclusively deep water (55-4,594 m), found worldwide (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2008. . https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" url="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Cairns and Bayer 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B95F5ED22F912C2A7EC4CA9669B171A8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2008. . https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" url="https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[83:AROTOC]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Cairns and Bayer 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7042A631E8E97DE0EE76A892FE0432F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The genus is noted (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0D9271F02CAB249A614F7FBB78E8CA41" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) as having the second deepest location record of all primnoid genera (4,594 m in the Gulf of Alaska). In addition to species from the Atlantic, there are some 23 species recorded (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BA834D2093411B519B4C72DEE5A161C8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) from regions in the Pacific (Alaska, Japan, Hawaiian Islands, Indonesia and eastern Pacific). Also, a few species are recorded from either the SW Indian Ocean, the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4A1EAAEB315DF4D8B5FBB1C6D2C5E461" originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Islands or off Antarctica (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="908969D8BF5DE0B75F5A1EAA522B5A0C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Cairns stated (2007b) that species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Narella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8881E11921C0D213B7EA803F1FD83B0A" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="30417843CD3F92FCE78661E9FC3BDA94" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Narella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been found along the southern California coast, from both San Marcos Seamount (2,193 m), and Rodriquez Seamount (664 m). These specimens were very fragmented and could not be definitively identified, but each one may represent an undescribed species. Some 54 named species are considered valid within this genus currently, as seen in the WoRMS Database, listed by Cordeiro et al. (2019).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="248055314E78625BD4354921EC4DC97A" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AEECF8E53645CDB347475D10548AADA6" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4559AC5717DCC4456EE997CEBB44E107" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
|
||||
In
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="53 - 69" refId="B160" refString="Studer, T, 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 25: 53 - 69" title="Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer ' Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding." volume="25" year="1894">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B3FE1E899BFF30A5AA36BBEE384E1CCE" author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="53 - 69" refId="B160" refString="Studer, T, 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 25: 53 - 69" title="Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer ' Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding." volume="25" year="1894">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1D9B49936AA66A40E3A5B3A23B41DC3B" originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1894
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. ambigua" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">N. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="479FBA85F4A94B806C52052CC5CCAC55" lsidName="N. ambigua" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EFAC0C53780F2580846723B1FC3A9AFB" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">N. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, he discussed the presence of an annelid worm from family
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Eunicidae" lsidName="" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" rank="family">Eunicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F15EFBA91C5756417A729ECBCA268B91" class="Polychaeta" family="Eunicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Eunicida" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Eunicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Berthold, 1827 that had established itself on the coenenchyme. It apparently sought shelter under the wing-shaped extensions, in a space (a tunnel of sorts) produced by the greatly enlarged basal scales of each of the neighboring polyps. In personal note transcriptions (unpublished) made by Bayer, Verrill had outlined thoughts he had concerning the deeper water gorgonians. Regarding the annelid worm found in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FBDAF9D37CA06179DCDE55D4BEA60DFC" originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
specimen, Verrill (unpublished personal note transcriptions made by Bayer) discussed a comparable situation and referred to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="53 - 69" refId="B160" refString="Studer, T, 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 25: 53 - 69" title="Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer ' Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding." volume="25" year="1894">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="45190FBE0AFB77920CA83F12344CE6AA" author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="53 - 69" refId="B160" refString="Studer, T, 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 25: 53 - 69" title="Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer ' Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding." volume="25" year="1894">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F5CC27F6405CD24F89010FF0741764E1" originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1894
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
examination.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A8503EBC5595D80F8F6836F8AAAFC597" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="73" pageNumber="256" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E0B1AC914D146AFDC84D3D41E96307C" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D0A7677E2E6EDEF5D0A12DAA1518B247" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
|
||||
The genus is presented here; based on collection records examined (NMNH), there is indication of a distributional range that includes the California Bight. Based on those collection records (NMNH), this is a deep-water genus that has been collected (if only as fragments) several times off the southern California coast (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7CFD29AA780F085EBDD85624F2057E60" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5D983D1D25C91265A198855A6A49D1D3" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="73" pageNumber="256">
|
||||
According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F8F36BC28881D0EE4BB576B7EA52D79" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="391 - 407" refId="B39" refString="Cairns, SD, Baco, A, 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). . Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391 - 407" title="Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200007002472" volume="5" year="2007">Cairns and Baco (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A2042BD33D6376EE76ADD3D2DFCDB228" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, there were some 38 recognized species (that number has increased, according to Cordeiro et al. 2019), making this a species-rich genus; in fact, it is said to be the most prolific of the primnoid genera
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="74" pageNumber="257" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="414137ABAECDD9C554C8377DDCF227E8" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2E86D86C08AB2E8ECEC6BAB23DAA7928" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Of those, there may be at least a few species that could potentially be found in or near the California Bight;
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella ambigua" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Narella ambigua</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FFCD7A1115F1326001376FC754D9B60" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella ambigua" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="756E7C3C4050C2171962CBA9A83BAAFE" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Narella ambigua</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Studer, 1894 is one species that might yet be found in the Bight. CAS has seven records of this genus (none identified to species), coming from Hawaii and Alaska. MBARI has posted on-line images of those in this genus found on Davidson Seamount, photographed at depths of 2,669 and 3,079 m. Only one specimen identified to this genus has been recorded as having been collected by MBARI staff, but there are a few additional video observations. This one collected specimen was taken in the general area slightly north and west of San Miguel Island, California Channel Islands. Of interest is a specimen housed at NMNH; from California, Rodriquez Seamount, W of San Miguel Passage,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="34.038055">34°02'17"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="05D8435D8D23975AF45C9309282A4279" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="34.038055">34°02'17"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-121.04694">121°02'49"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BD045AD799B691104DB16560EC8F9DE5" degrees="121" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-121.04694">121°02'49"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 662 m; coll. unknown, date unknown; USNM 1027059 [wet]. The MBARI specimen and the one at NMNH appeared to be from the same collection event. It is the shape and sculpturing of the abaxial body wall scales that are the best means to identifying a species in the genus; however, finer details regarding sculpturing of scales can only be seen with SEM. Further work with unidentified species housed at CAS and NMNH should be undertaken.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159016178" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D0545BB44D357D6973B2127727A2E61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D0545BB44D357D6973B2127727A2E61" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="53" pageNumber="236">
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<treatment id="1D0545BB44D357D6973B2127727A2E61" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159016178" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D0545BB44D357D6973B2127727A2E61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D0545BB44D357D6973B2127727A2E61" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="53" pageNumber="236" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
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||||
Family
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="1d0545bb-44d3-57d6-973b-2127727a2e61" authority="Milne Edwards, 1857" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1857" family="Primnoidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="53" pageNumber="236" rank="family">Primnoidae Milne Edwards, 1857</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="B6264368673039CD780395CA148BBB19" ID-CoL="84KPJ" LSID="1d0545bb-44d3-57d6-973b-2127727a2e61" authority="Milne Edwards, 1857" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1857" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="53" pageNumber="236" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Primnoidae Milne Edwards, 1857</taxonomicName>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="236" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="236">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="236">Axis of strongly calcified material embedded in gorgonin, unjointed, arranged in undulated concentric layers; core not a soft, chambered central chord. Attachment base a calcareous disc; rarely, a branched, rhizoidal structure. Colonies usually profusely branched, rarely flagelliform. Polyps single, in pairs, or in regular whorls, heavily armored with calcareous scales (sclerites primarily scales in all species), permanently exsert; in contraction, tentacles in-folded. Polyps protected by eight triangular scales making up distinct operculum, below which scales of polyp body aligned in eight rows, some of which may be reduced or missing on adaxial side; rarely (single species) scales not regularly arranged, operculum undifferentiated. In coenenchyme, a layer of plates or scales, commonly elongate, some with inner layer of stellate sclerites. Scales always distinguished by cruciform extinction pattern seen in polarized light.</paragraph>
|
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<subSubSection id="8955183B22430B5D249449F6460B6D1D" pageId="53" pageNumber="236" type="diagnosis">
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||||
<paragraph id="CC2B7FCBB4A3DF6FFED39E73F72F9D39" pageId="53" pageNumber="236">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="375BF72C68483E231D31BE32E0DCDBEA" pageId="53" pageNumber="236">Axis of strongly calcified material embedded in gorgonin, unjointed, arranged in undulated concentric layers; core not a soft, chambered central chord. Attachment base a calcareous disc; rarely, a branched, rhizoidal structure. Colonies usually profusely branched, rarely flagelliform. Polyps single, in pairs, or in regular whorls, heavily armored with calcareous scales (sclerites primarily scales in all species), permanently exsert; in contraction, tentacles in-folded. Polyps protected by eight triangular scales making up distinct operculum, below which scales of polyp body aligned in eight rows, some of which may be reduced or missing on adaxial side; rarely (single species) scales not regularly arranged, operculum undifferentiated. In coenenchyme, a layer of plates or scales, commonly elongate, some with inner layer of stellate sclerites. Scales always distinguished by cruciform extinction pattern seen in polarized light.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="236" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="236">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="236">A rationale for the distinction between the use of the words calyx and polyp required in reference to the family. S Cairns (pers. comm.), in a conversation with P Alderslade some years ago, determined that the term calyx should be reserved for those polyps that can contract to a small mound (such as those seen in the plexaurids), and that the primnoid morphology is a polyp. Thus, there is no calyx to be seen in this family; projections and living animals are called polyps; that usage has been incorporated here.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="E3ED41B2EACC36D44B25216AE3E10641" pageId="53" pageNumber="236">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="AEEF6CB5CB94FD4034C2A7A3CC251C73" pageId="53" pageNumber="236">A rationale for the distinction between the use of the words calyx and polyp required in reference to the family. S Cairns (pers. comm.), in a conversation with P Alderslade some years ago, determined that the term calyx should be reserved for those polyps that can contract to a small mound (such as those seen in the plexaurids), and that the primnoid morphology is a polyp. Thus, there is no calyx to be seen in this family; projections and living animals are called polyps; that usage has been incorporated here.</paragraph>
|
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<mods:identifier id="51B22F6C716537294F2B4A899CE88180" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-183</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="9E9E345C2063DC42068D0BA3CBF8CFC4" type="ZooBank">A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525293" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:32FF6971D2621E694B0B3F6AE06C8740" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/32FF6971D2621E694B0B3F6AE06C8740" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="32FF6971D2621E694B0B3F6AE06C8740" authority="Studer, 1894" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1894" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella ramosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">Parastenella ramosa (Studer, 1894)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="32FF6971D2621E694B0B3F6AE06C8740" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525293" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:32FF6971D2621E694B0B3F6AE06C8740" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/32FF6971D2621E694B0B3F6AE06C8740" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Primnoidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="489688FAC51DDA3220AB67866A410D68" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7051337DA0960A4188B441FFF5004561" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24ECF323F62F20C3CE8433A3855226B5" ID-CoL="4DD43" LSID="32FF6971D2621E694B0B3F6AE06C8740" authority="Studer, 1894" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1894" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella ramosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">Parastenella ramosa (Studer, 1894)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella ramosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramosa">Stenella ramosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6389498BFD40C0D83CD4DC99C5035F06" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5911463B881DEF2A5B7334DDAAAE037C" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FAAAD64287BBE3BEC74A5416E2878695" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella ramosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">Stenella ramosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Studer, 1894: 64, 65.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella (Parastenella) ramosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramosa" subGenus="Parastenella">Stenella (Parastenella) ramosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AAF15122119250D504F28F5B3CFCE069" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE43844D130CD56A63D5B77E2AE16746" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella (Parastenella) ramosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa" subGenus="Parastenella">Stenella (Parastenella) ramosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Wright & Studer, 1889): 56.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="63" pageNumber="246" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0D682F0EA723BA835D2E62C47185A033" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 47, 48.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2E4B94F40969E48D9303A2906CD01EEC" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
& Gorzawsky, 1908: 34, 35.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="63" pageNumber="246" refId="B127">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="57C370C93ACBECC45188D746030F16CD" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" refId="B127">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E087CA5D3A2DF6133226320A591E9F40" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1919
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 445;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="63" pageNumber="246" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="491B8EDDD21CE7D230210C142260E6C7" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 303.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella ramosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">Parastenella ramosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5991A81A3ED72A8B67063B37C38B71D6" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FCD2EB82029CDA44FAD3329EA9DF5471" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella ramosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">Parastenella ramosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cairns, 2007b: 518-523, figs 1E, 4, 5.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="43AB9F2CC713C2B63C44107107E0F9D0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 31 (listed).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="29003D7279FA1F786692E459D84E10F1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 24, 25.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B8D6BDCC43E38C76FCDE137E22103605" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
?
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella doederleini" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doederleini">Stenella doederleini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6592D4CE533AB2AF1548ACBC72FE6B0" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella doederleini" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="doederleini">Stenella doederleini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Studer, 1894: 64; see Remarks, below.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">No specimens in SBMNH collection (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0DB99879F3D200D63F769C7CF90CEA47" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8C5DB135BB6698F2C21143803FC3EA67" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="772BF06310B7929AAF1CD9DB597AD1BA" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">No specimens in SBMNH collection (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="72099888B58A0CD58C953322E7192D41" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="69F10CC508AB76F540960B5638919A4B" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="988C4FAB2F0E21DB8822B936AA5D015F" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
Species included here as collection records examined (see Appendix 3: List of material examined) show a distributional range that includes the California Bight. Based
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="64" pageNumber="247" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="E270174B1DE7F6CDF9165A589C60A32C" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
those collection records, this is a deep-water species that has been collected off the west coast of Central America, and from areas of the California coast, to just north of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands (Rodriquez Seamount). It has also been collected from Monterey Bay (Davidson Seamount), north to Oregon, Washington, Vancouver Island to Gulf of Alaska; 665-1750 m.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="81014F948697BCBEA03B7205232C8080" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that the known distributional range of this species now extends west to Adak Canyon in the Aleutian Islands and the Commander Islands, Russia. This represents a substantial range, encompassing the California Bight region.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="28FA23E9E586952C8C8333D2D4A9E638" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1E93E90834DB9973D85DF30751232643" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that given the similarity of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella doederleini" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">Parastenella doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="917B0C6CF5C07E1AA53CFAF10542AF5A" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella doederleini" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E85280290420C1AE023D6FC669BDC69F" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">Parastenella doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Wright & Studer, 1889) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella ramosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">Parastenella ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DA9536ABF4DD035C1CAC1FEFCE32E5CF" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella ramosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4EA8509EE106B8256EFF4AFFAEB51A32" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">Parastenella ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, "it is likely that
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="53 - 69" refId="B160" refString="Studer, T, 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 25: 53 - 69" title="Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer ' Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding." volume="25" year="1894">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CA80EA0ED69BEE9DAB82786635D31FD1" author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="53 - 69" refId="B160" refString="Studer, T, 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding. . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 25: 53 - 69" title="Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the US Fish Commission steamer ' Albatross', during 1891, Lieutenant ZL Tanner, USN, commanding." volume="25" year="1894">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8C221E85BA1584182D6AD588A3391213" originalValue="Studer’s">Studer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1894)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
identification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. doederleini" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">S. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31FA4DCF8E34CD7ADFCFDCAFF378CCC4" lsidName="S. doederleini" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCB4E23F452E380ABB6E811CB9497F37" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">S. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from off Panama at 1,429 m (specimen missing from MCZ), taken quite close to the type locality of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BBB2EDDD414D5C20B0BFD6591E3BB803" lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="11C439A48BA00EFE82727EF058845C89" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is probably also
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1D404588AA86E7BB715CDBE06BEA9140" lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BD762828A50990A916F6EC7A30D27A96" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
." This species is generally most similar to the type for the genus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doederleini" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7EE6120C1094993C3DE063BD7A60A4EB" lsidName="P. doederleini" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7D8244273A69294D5AC901A49656C84E" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Wright & Studer, 1889). That specimen was collected from off Sagami Bay, Japan at 3,427 m.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F9E6F94F952B374344848D6BC8A53CFA" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
differentiated between the two;
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doederleini" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5D37CE22BC8BE45B7483B19977BBFE66" lsidName="P. doederleini" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis id="113DDA8449A7393B1764721093F6175F" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has more elongated and slender marginal flutes, more delicate polyps and coenenchymal scales with one or more small rounded knobs either at their center and/or on their perimeter. Specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="76D284C6D585FE0CA4708ADD223EA179" lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ED776A2D5FA80E348C1F1AE29BCA4B25" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
examined (indicated in the Appendix 3: List of material examined), exhibited polyps more distinctly directed downwards and the marginal flutes were slightly broader than those seen in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doederleini" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B9D745C78FA0E3078676288E6D77BDD3" lsidName="P. doederleini" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis id="35988AA2747AFAC49FA6446239FB8731" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A check of the WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019) show both
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7E33F025A9321D21DCF9D2398B80133A" lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="74BEFE20E63CDBEFF32DA92947EBDD22" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doederleini" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="27370E4E941D4066A44CE0A2F10965F0" lsidName="P. doederleini" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3F5AB9C3B384275E2DC61A7A7C7D4F87" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as separate, accepted species. As well,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="93DD6061AA0AD9544AF25008D192F4F1" lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="13765FC81FA7C99CA4A1027D58593817" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can easily be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CF01A66DA0B09B1E29DA9260DBAE303A" lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78F1F9CD96F0445A434D26835226EDF9" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the latter having obviously broad, shallow marginal flutes, eight rows of submarginal body wall scales and the absence of flutes on submarginal abaxial body wall scales;
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FFABAAB13E0DCDED3CA3A1973543AF01" lsidName="P. ramosa" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="61C1F30DD2E70CACB3F5A94742CEABFD" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">P. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
exhibits narrow, tubular marginal flutes, five rows of submarginal body wall scales and abaxial body wall scales with flutes. Additionally,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CA3052A83E8C294AC7A64D2B11C0B6E2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that the confirmed presence of nematocyst pads on the inner surface of the marginal scales in this species might be the case for all species in the genus, as suggested in Cairns, 2010.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,163 +1,163 @@
|
|||
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||||
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||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525291" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3551860C9A63A840A819FDD52F309B1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3551860C9A63A840A819FDD52F309B1D" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
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<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="54" pageNumber="237" start="start">Genus</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="3551860C9A63A840A819FDD52F309B1D" authority="Gray, 1858" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Callogorgia Gray, 1858</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="3551860C9A63A840A819FDD52F309B1D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525291" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3551860C9A63A840A819FDD52F309B1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3551860C9A63A840A819FDD52F309B1D" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Primnoidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FE79487C11A3B7C1DB19714B1C1B5FEC" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="696302DE75938392419FE097935DB585" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="4094DB40EB0DF1068DE936F6B0B5213B" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" start="start">Genus</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D3D01C712CF1A07A56FBE00CAD78CB5E" ID-CoL="84M36" LSID="3551860C9A63A840A819FDD52F309B1D" authority="Gray, 1858" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Callogorgia Gray, 1858</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Gorgonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="79B136BFAA73D9EF80613E96EB93BB79" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0DC997CCD798145CDFDD9BF47D3AE212" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6C008592536A13C58138C7AA8D469D37" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Gorgonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Pallas, 1766: 160 (pars).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Nouveau Bulletin Sciences par la Societe Philomatique, Paris" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/461997" refId="B133" refString="Linnaeus, C, 1767. . https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/461997" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/461997" year="1767">Linnaeus 1767</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B281A435ACF593A0586D58242642B9CD" author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Nouveau Bulletin Sciences par la Societe Philomatique, Paris" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/461997" refId="B133" refString="Linnaeus, C, 1767. . https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/461997" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/461997" year="1767">Linnaeus 1767</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1289 (pars).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2145" author="Ellis, J" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B87" refString="Ellis, J, Solander, D, 1786. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2145" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2145" year="1786">Ellis and Solander 1786</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BE535EC3BC5ACEC3B1CCFB3AE0E15780" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2145" author="Ellis, J" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B87" refString="Ellis, J, Solander, D, 1786. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2145" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2145" year="1786">Ellis and Solander 1786</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 67 (pars).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Muricea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F016BD7AAA64E80034BA35DF900B72C3" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C64A56876262542955BFBFABDBD89A10" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Muricea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dana, 1846: 675 (pars).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Prymnoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prymnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Prymnoa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6BB84ECA4538C70D17E334DE8C5A0D44" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1A9E3EF323284E7C365CEBE1EB7FE826" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Prymnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prymnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Prymnoa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ehrenberg, 1834: 357 (pars).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Primnoa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C3ECE7043C7CEBA82AC59A69D8C35C6E" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F5303AA8E722B7E7D79558AAD4A6304" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Primnoa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857: 139 (pars). von
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Koch, G von" journalOrPublisher="Morphologisches Jahrbucher" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="447 - 449" refId="B120" refString="Koch, G von, 1878. Das Skelet der Alcyonarien. . Morphologisches Jahrbucher 4: 447 - 449" title="Das Skelet der Alcyonarien." volume="4" year="1878">Koch 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D1744A12ACBDC7D3BA5E24D8291BC5A3" author="Koch, G von" journalOrPublisher="Morphologisches Jahrbucher" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="447 - 449" refId="B120" refString="Koch, G von, 1878. Das Skelet der Alcyonarien. . Morphologisches Jahrbucher 4: 447 - 449" title="Das Skelet der Alcyonarien." volume="4" year="1878">Koch 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 457;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="54" pageNumber="237" refId="B121">1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9D800314A112CFCA66C3DFFC6FFAFFED" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" refId="B121">1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 85.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Callogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="38F8EE2E13E4671CE4E346B2D1FDB16F" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD5A0C7B19B96D04EE57CF3F0ACF5A4F" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Callogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1857 [1858]: 286.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="54" pageNumber="237" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="193893082066ACCA3C3C55B6FE4CB265" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: F220; 1961 [1962]: 296.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carpine, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institute Oceanographique Monaco" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 140" refId="B49" refString="Carpine, C, Grasshoff, M, 1975. Les gorgonaires de la Mediterranee occidentale. . Bulletin de l'Institute Oceanographique Monaco 71: 1 - 140" title="Les gorgonaires de la Mediterranee occidentale." volume="71" year="1975">Carpine and Grasshoff 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CF2FEE6075401FF2AFB770CEF5A0D081" author="Carpine, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institute Oceanographique Monaco" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 140" refId="B49" refString="Carpine, C, Grasshoff, M, 1975. Les gorgonaires de la Mediterranee occidentale. . Bulletin de l'Institute Oceanographique Monaco 71: 1 - 140" title="Les gorgonaires de la Mediterranee occidentale." volume="71" year="1975">Carpine and Grasshoff 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 102.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="902 - 947" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/978" refId="B8" refString="Bayer, FM, 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94: 902 - 947" title="Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/978" volume="94" year="1981">Bayer 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D449AFA0EE466888B1BD0D301C5714CC" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="902 - 947" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/978" refId="B8" refString="Bayer, FM, 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94: 902 - 947" title="Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/978" volume="94" year="1981">Bayer 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 938;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="116 - 160" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" refId="B9" refString="Bayer, FM, 1982. Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95: 116 - 160" title="Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" volume="95" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4B42A06EC859CF5B092972F81342B310" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="116 - 160" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" refId="B9" refString="Bayer, FM, 1982. Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95: 116 - 160" title="Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" volume="95" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 119, 120.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/" refId="B20" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1989. . https://repository.si.edu/" url="https://repository.si.edu/" year="1989">Bayer and Stefani 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C14E3617685AC24F321D2C502319A9E6" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/" refId="B20" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1989. . https://repository.si.edu/" url="https://repository.si.edu/" year="1989">Bayer and Stefani 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 455.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana Biologica" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" pagination="161 - 204" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1003" refId="B14" refString="Bayer, FM, 1998. A Review of the Circumaustral Genus Fannyella Gray, 1870 with Descriptions of five new species. . Senckenbergiana Biologica 77: 161 - 204" title="A Review of the Circumaustral Genus Fannyella Gray, 1870 with Descriptions of five new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1003" volume="77" year="1998">Bayer 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8F782DC87A577550A7069DA2CC7FDDC3" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana Biologica" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" pagination="161 - 204" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1003" refId="B14" refString="Bayer, FM, 1998. A Review of the Circumaustral Genus Fannyella Gray, 1870 with Descriptions of five new species. . Senckenbergiana Biologica 77: 161 - 204" title="A Review of the Circumaustral Genus Fannyella Gray, 1870 with Descriptions of five new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/1003" volume="77" year="1998">Bayer 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 162, 163.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="840 - 867" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7542" refId="B40" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2002. Studies on Western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 2: The genus Callogorgia Gray, 1858. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 115: 840 - 867" title="Studies on Western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 2: The genus Callogorgia Gray, 1858." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7542" volume="115" year="2002">Cairns and Bayer 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8F9FDF077A9CD9BECDDE58989A64570B" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="840 - 867" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7542" refId="B40" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2002. Studies on Western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 2: The genus Callogorgia Gray, 1858. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 115: 840 - 867" title="Studies on Western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 2: The genus Callogorgia Gray, 1858." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7542" volume="115" year="2002">Cairns and Bayer 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 841-845;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="56225D6BE9AC9565DA7762D697D16C2E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 29, 40.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/64.3.413" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="413 - 440" refId="B33" refString="Cairns, SD, 2010. Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and Adjacent Seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella. . Pacific Science 64: 413 - 440" title="Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and Adjacent Seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella." url="https://doi.org/10.2984/64.3.413" volume="64" year="2010">Cairns 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6127C2A2AC1BE1F73700E97E0A13E0BB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/64.3.413" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="413 - 440" refId="B33" refString="Cairns, SD, 2010. Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and Adjacent Seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella. . Pacific Science 64: 413 - 440" title="Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and Adjacent Seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella." url="https://doi.org/10.2984/64.3.413" volume="64" year="2010">Cairns 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 425 (Hawaiian species); 2016: 58 (New Zealand species); 2018a: 6 (key to Indo-Pacific species); 2018b: 3.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, SD, Wirshing, HH, 2018. A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera. . BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 1 - 20" title="A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" volume="18" year="2018">Cairns and Wirshing 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EE8839B357517E0943A21A7A504D4288" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, SD, Wirshing, HH, 2018. A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera. . BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 1 - 20" title="A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" volume="18" year="2018">Cairns and Wirshing 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 8, 18, fig. 40.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Calligorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="696AA4846C2518937E451C7F096B0DCF" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A06DF4ACC06CDFF963745EE3E181615A" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Calligorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1870: 35 (unjustified emendation). Studer 1878 [1879]: 645; 1887: 51.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Fanellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fanellia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Fanellia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F88C5D6A30F006B5365A1A678C5BFA33" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1D3D487CBBF42C4C328AAC43AC915376" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Fanellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fanellia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Fanellia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1870: 45.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="116 - 160" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" refId="B9" refString="Bayer, FM, 1982. Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95: 116 - 160" title="Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" volume="95" year="1982">Bayer 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5CE2033687A9B565402404BC3474503E" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="116 - 160" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" refId="B9" refString="Bayer, FM, 1982. Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95: 116 - 160" title="Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" volume="95" year="1982">Bayer 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 134, 135.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/" refId="B20" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1989. . https://repository.si.edu/" url="https://repository.si.edu/" year="1989">Bayer and Stefani 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="51643C79E0D48FF0303A5886A9E1186F" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/" refId="B20" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1989. . https://repository.si.edu/" url="https://repository.si.edu/" year="1989">Bayer and Stefani 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 470, 471.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5871FC230309D9BFE695F5DC21ED063A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 40, 41.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, SD, Wirshing, HH, 2018. A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera. . BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 1 - 20" title="A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" volume="18" year="2018">Cairns and Wirshing 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="33126FE307D0592FA87667F113303E49" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, SD, Wirshing, HH, 2018. A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera. . BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 1 - 20" title="A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" volume="18" year="2018">Cairns and Wirshing 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 8, 18.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Xiphocella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xiphocella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Xiphocella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="87885438F682466A22423B4AEB197AF0" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="74EAACEAF9B38C9AEACFFA3A3C348F77" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Xiphocella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xiphocella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Xiphocella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1870: 56 (type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia verticillata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verticillata">Gorgonia verticillata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="532E86806EF3CD20A9A2884904EFCC0E" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia verticillata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verticillata">Gorgonia verticillata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: sensu Esper, 1797: 156, by monotypy).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F4C4A0E8B40BDE96CC9D60E72BE444CD" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
?
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callicella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Callicella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="62B5112D01034CBD7D4C2000E7CCEE67" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callicella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Callicella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1870: 37 (type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callicella elegans" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">Callicella elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84AD742328469C95A43A1EDCA8CE0F0D" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callicella elegans" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">Callicella elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1870, by monotypy).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Caligorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0053DBF1A5B32C2EA84ACB0AD01F98D5" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="62AA9FC3A72D013A0ADF7439EAAFCD0B" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Caligorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wright & Studer, 1889: 75-77 (pars; unjustified emendation).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="54" pageNumber="237" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="943BF5A6862746AC54F67374E6F51504" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 55 (pars).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Supplement-Band" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 71" refId="B129" refString="Kuekenthal, W, Gorzawsky, H, 1908. Japanische Gorgoniden. I. Teil: Die Familien der Primnoiden, Muriceiden und Acanthogorgiiden. In: Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der mathematische-physics. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften. . Supplement-Band 1: 1 - 71" title="Japanische Gorgoniden. I. Teil: Die Familien der Primnoiden, Muriceiden und Acanthogorgiiden. In: Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der mathematische-physics. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften." volume="1" year="1908">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9A37423D7DC7548BD8E8CFCB4551CF81" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Supplement-Band" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 71" refId="B129" refString="Kuekenthal, W, Gorzawsky, H, 1908. Japanische Gorgoniden. I. Teil: Die Familien der Primnoiden, Muriceiden und Acanthogorgiiden. In: Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der mathematische-physics. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften. . Supplement-Band 1: 1 - 71" title="Japanische Gorgoniden. I. Teil: Die Familien der Primnoiden, Muriceiden und Acanthogorgiiden. In: Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der mathematische-physics. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften." volume="1" year="1908">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C454B5F85F81A5E6F6832D8337C8748C" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Gorzawsky 1908
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 19.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">Kinoshita 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2F547AF529F4B87BD254568EC9129B34" author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">Kinoshita 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 34.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE2218697FBF825E24D05356A0EE4C6A" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
Nutting, 1908: 574.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="54" pageNumber="237" refId="B123">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92AD631BCD8DB570C70F81C9931270AC" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" refId="B123">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E4AE191CF3DD7E1A1243A16185287A59" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1912
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 320(?); 1915b: 146; 1919: 362 (pars); 1924: 267.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CE4D55F3A77CC847FFE5E9A053D39E58" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 158.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia verticillata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Gorgonia verticillata</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="22136205E098564D1A5E006621BB223F" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="40D5EC9792056BC3A2080A0CC805944F" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="39EEA071710315467858F131686F1C32" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0BC341410DAD166A7CBCA417460FCEF0" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia verticillata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2D8FEB6AF4DB1BD6543A1036AD7B6F02" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Gorgonia verticillata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Pallas, 1766 (by monotypy).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Colonies usually branched pinnately, some rarely dichotomously, mostly in one plane; axis longitudinally striated, commonly iridescent. Polyps in regular whorls, strongly bent inward toward axis. Adaxial rows of body scales reduced; opercular scales distinctly differentiated from body scales, not overreached by marginals (which do not bend inward over them); sclerites usually elaborately sculptured externally, with ridges, crests or small granules; cortical sclerites thick, pebble-like or more elongate.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AC9E34A987B7841F671206B42AF3CDE5" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="56F92F35CAA2DA90D56E0DFF07545854" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6D53B16982639F8275BDAEF519F36F96" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Colonies usually branched pinnately, some rarely dichotomously, mostly in one plane; axis longitudinally striated, commonly iridescent. Polyps in regular whorls, strongly bent inward toward axis. Adaxial rows of body scales reduced; opercular scales distinctly differentiated from body scales, not overreached by marginals (which do not bend inward over them); sclerites usually elaborately sculptured externally, with ridges, crests or small granules; cortical sclerites thick, pebble-like or more elongate.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019) gives this genus accepted status, with this spelling.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DB7C42B322FF91190E3B12A11C23FCC9" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="53FF8BA645ED04BC9C052DF687F52065" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="483F46EE0C0268C14AF186C402F48608" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019) gives this genus accepted status, with this spelling.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,225 +1,225 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525290" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63F6A39DEE4EE27268338E6CC3127709" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/63F6A39DEE4EE27268338E6CC3127709" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="65" pageNumber="248">
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|
||||
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|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="63F6A39DEE4EE27268338E6CC3127709" authority="Kinoshita, 1908" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1908" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella longispina" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="65" pageNumber="248" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">Plumarella longispina Kinoshita, 1908</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394. A Colony, 14 cm tall x 15 cm wide B Branch tips. Scale bar: 2 cm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314886" pageId="65" pageNumber="248">Figures 39A, B</figureCitation>
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||||
<treatment id="63F6A39DEE4EE27268338E6CC3127709" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525290" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63F6A39DEE4EE27268338E6CC3127709" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/63F6A39DEE4EE27268338E6CC3127709" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="65" pageNumber="248" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Primnoidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
|
||||
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="70A0357FA26283C9DBCA6BE0E76D768E" ID-CoL="4KJ6C" LSID="63F6A39DEE4EE27268338E6CC3127709" authority="Kinoshita, 1908" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1908" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella longispina" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="65" pageNumber="248" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">Plumarella longispina Kinoshita, 1908</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4C01D0BF18A97EE70B236D329BE34D87" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394. A Colony, 14 cm tall x 15 cm wide B Branch tips. Scale bar: 2 cm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314886" pageId="65" pageNumber="248">Figures 39A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394, SEM image. A, B Body wall scales C Flatter coenenchymal scales D Marginal scales E Marginal spinous sclerites F-H Opercular scales (worn). Compare / contrast these images with those shown in Cairns 2011 (Figure 5, P. spicata)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314887" pageId="65" pageNumber="248">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="89E786A98F069A59F1F7C76E72754722" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394, SEM image. A, B Body wall scales C Flatter coenenchymal scales D Marginal scales E Marginal spinous sclerites F-H Opercular scales (worn). Compare / contrast these images with those shown in Cairns 2011 (Figure 5, P. spicata)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314887" pageId="65" pageNumber="248">
|
||||
40
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="542C4E64C98F386E52B330357627400D" originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="249" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="249">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella longispina" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="66" pageNumber="249" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="66" pageNumber="249" start="start">Plumarella</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="830C28E932F0B8AA119E3CCB03CA2206" pageId="66" pageNumber="249" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5C496DA9D0E20C36418AEC5CBBB7DF5B" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="865526832B1FFC399680064BE184FB5E" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella longispina" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="66" pageNumber="249" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="48A51CD089898337FEBD1CE467E585D8" pageId="66" pageNumber="249" start="start">Plumarella</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
longispina
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kinoshita, 1908a: 14, 15.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6E43B0A875217267C2F5FCFAF497BDC0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 716.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="66" pageNumber="249" refId="B128">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="360DCFA3FD1E727B79A7AE7EAE01A4F5" pageId="66" pageNumber="249" refId="B128">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B3B7CC3BB047C9516E0FB46F691A2A66" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1924
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 260, 261.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="249" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="249">N. Pacific Ocean, Japan, Honshu Island, Sagami Bay, Okinose Bank, 600 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A8FAA9448D9FA59889B0A52C4C768797" pageId="66" pageNumber="249" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1AD5C4FE053FF6D2AEF63BF94DD3FE40" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3D1992137EA45C9C8AA4E06EB0F54942" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">N. Pacific Ocean, Japan, Honshu Island, Sagami Bay, Okinose Bank, 600 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="249" type="type specimens">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Type specimens.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="249">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4E64D50E163C177873455D27753EFA7E" pageId="66" pageNumber="249" type="type specimens">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2F75AD89CBD64937BAF801154E84043F" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Type specimens.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0EE4CD2B41200DB43CD95C866E61761B" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9C6CB8F656097E1542808CED83E970D5" bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
USNM 50117 [dry]; branch (from holotype), donated by Tokyo Imperial Museum; this material was examined. Main colony presumably still housed in collection at Tokyo Imperial Museum (all scientific and "natural materials" collections housed separately at what is now called the National Museum of Nature and Science); was unable to verify or confirm catalog number.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="249" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="249">~33 lots (wet/dry) (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F4E72DCFE40D478F12AB507352C51A46" pageId="66" pageNumber="249" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B7E40152195CBEB6BA065A4882AB9A47" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F7EA17E734E89841DF24A0BC884569A2" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">~33 lots (wet/dry) (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="66" pageNumber="249" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Colony</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F6544915A45CB064B2889E15C86F7C06" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="66" pageNumber="249" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DBDB4B27C4F089A24BE6BD3156E80DFA" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DEBEFF04C8276C26057A6AE9F15A1FE1" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8792B55B7D6B4EA2A68A853717CCE6F2" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Colony</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394. A Colony, 14 cm tall x 15 cm wide B Branch tips. Scale bar: 2 cm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314886" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Figure 39A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F132317B61015DE7504AA21554CF3F2" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394. A Colony, 14 cm tall x 15 cm wide B Branch tips. Scale bar: 2 cm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314886" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Figure 39A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) exhibits dense, alternate, pinnate branching in one plane, leading to flabellate form. Main stem somewhat flattened, giving rise to alternate main branches at irregular distances; both main stem and branches may subdivide. Each main branch gives forth regularly alternate, slightly smaller branches that do not subdivide. Branchlets flattened, 1.5 mm thick (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394. A Colony, 14 cm tall x 15 cm wide B Branch tips. Scale bar: 2 cm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314886" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Figure 39B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="23D62275702FBC4266EFA893F99CCE23" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394. A Colony, 14 cm tall x 15 cm wide B Branch tips. Scale bar: 2 cm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314886" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Figure 39B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Polyps small, short, cylindrical projections, 0.5 mm tall (to summit of operculum), 0.5 mm across, 1.5 mm apart; arranged laterally in two opposite rows on flattened stems, branches and branchlets; some polyps placed such that they project toward a front side of colony, with back of colony smooth; strictly alternate to strictly opposite in different parts of colony, with upper edge of one polyp ordinarily reaching to base of next one above. Polyp aperture pointed upward, slightly outward. Walls of polyps armed with sclerites; these conspicuous, flattened scales, vary greatly in size and form in different polyps. Color of colony (? alive) generally white; dry or in alcohol, dull creamy-white; some preserved colonies light grayish-brown, with surfaces of stem and branches being more distinctly gray. Sclerites (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394, SEM image. A, B Body wall scales C Flatter coenenchymal scales D Marginal scales E Marginal spinous sclerites F-H Opercular scales (worn). Compare / contrast these images with those shown in Cairns 2011 (Figure 5, P. spicata)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314887" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="582391757169C4EBD029962C9BE52C87" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394, SEM image. A, B Body wall scales C Flatter coenenchymal scales D Marginal scales E Marginal spinous sclerites F-H Opercular scales (worn). Compare / contrast these images with those shown in Cairns 2011 (Figure 5, P. spicata)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314887" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">
|
||||
Figure 40
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="781743BF43489FF06E5A602CBA64090E" originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
) quite varied in form, generally more or less flattened into scales; thin, cycloid. Key characteristic sclerite a flattened basal portion bearing on its distal edge long thorn-like processes (spines) projecting above margin of polyp (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394, SEM image. A, B Body wall scales C Flatter coenenchymal scales D Marginal scales E Marginal spinous sclerites F-H Opercular scales (worn). Compare / contrast these images with those shown in Cairns 2011 (Figure 5, P. spicata)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314887" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Figure 40E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="FB8DD18ADB07C8E4436A105F74258424" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394, SEM image. A, B Body wall scales C Flatter coenenchymal scales D Marginal scales E Marginal spinous sclerites F-H Opercular scales (worn). Compare / contrast these images with those shown in Cairns 2011 (Figure 5, P. spicata)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314887" pageId="66" pageNumber="249">Figure 40E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Many scales ornamented with convex, ctenate margin. Surfaces of scales ornamented with evenly, closely distributed granules, irregularly placed nodular warts and occasional spines. Typical arrangement of scales on polyp wall is eight lon
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="67" pageNumber="250" start="start">gitudinal</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="A6717D6A88C6B2F26BE08713A01F6800" pageId="67" pageNumber="250" start="start">gitudinal</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
rows, each row having roughly four scales in a ring; two proximal rings composed of broad curved scales with their distal convex edges ctenate, distal-most marginal ring composed of scales (with no keel), bearing prominent thorn-like, unwarted spines extending beyond end of operculum. Marginal spines usually number from two to six, two of which (abaxial) are often distinctly longer than the others. Operculum composed of eight irregularly shaped scales, not keeled, points of which often joined into spine-like processes (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394, SEM image. A, B Body wall scales C Flatter coenenchymal scales D Marginal scales E Marginal spinous sclerites F-H Opercular scales (worn). Compare / contrast these images with those shown in Cairns 2011 (Figure 5, P. spicata)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314887" pageId="67" pageNumber="250">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="91FA5D094CC338A673E03F21EEFFC052" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Plumarella longispina, SBMNH 422394, SEM image. A, B Body wall scales C Flatter coenenchymal scales D Marginal scales E Marginal spinous sclerites F-H Opercular scales (worn). Compare / contrast these images with those shown in Cairns 2011 (Figure 5, P. spicata)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314887" pageId="67" pageNumber="250">
|
||||
Figure 40
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="08DDDAFEEFBD4A7ADC0A8EE8D266AC3A" originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Adcauline opercular scales reduced to nar
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="68" pageNumber="251" start="start">row</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="9E42ECA1FAE5C7F541729AD70CA0EEC7" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" start="start">row</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
band, the antero-lateral processes from proximal rings of sclerites being the only ones that meet to complete the ring on abcauline side.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314886" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" start="Figure 39" startId="F39">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
<caption id="347652D52CB99C27D530CA0C52DFB957" doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314886" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" start="Figure 39" startId="F39">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5B9B137AC876639DEB8D71E4BFDA731" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
Figure 39.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella longispina" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Plumarella longispina</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A5587B06E8F98E015D5AA5016B6DA366" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella longispina" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6A289A7104E82628C722B4037CDF1347" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Plumarella longispina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, SBMNH 422394.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="961977FD5919E5866F535B7EF2A145AF" bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Colony, 14 cm tall
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="66536E28C6B5A58466E94964A1785AE8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
15 cm wide
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C82CC4C5351A57DA4CF220D521AFCABE" bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">B</emphasis>
|
||||
Branch tips. Scale bar: 2 cm (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B295FD6E643B5171B8CB51FF952A7DA0" bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">A</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314887" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" start="Figure 40" startId="F40">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
<caption id="8C7D98F2026385F9EA962E0C1D62A8B0" doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314887" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" start="Figure 40" startId="F40">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A1676F0E8EE22665D521EBCFDAC165C2" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
Figure 40.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella longispina" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Plumarella longispina</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F8B26E39F5312499DB4C407ED5C77C6C" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella longispina" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA328B7370F3AC9A4E7DEC8E02AEFF70" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Plumarella longispina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, SBMNH 422394, SEM image.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D10790D72479FE4D88F12461FF061958" bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
Body wall scales
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1A5890FF86C509F2453EC48C325F48E9" bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">C</emphasis>
|
||||
Flatter coenenchymal scales
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6664289DAD3ED478AC954E8366AC797D" bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">D</emphasis>
|
||||
Marginal scales
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="229C10AB7EAC7A30967EBA99DF21A6B0" bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">E</emphasis>
|
||||
Marginal spinous sclerites
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<emphasis id="34AAE125C22C5837042F74B960E463CF" bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E2D40B6B49516635EA6FE09FEE4CBA17" originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Opercular scales (worn). Compare/contrast these images with those shown in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4F2D3FA907C305C4690873005870FB4B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Swiftia pacifica, specimen 41 - 39 - 1 (Alaska Fisheries Service, Gulf of Alaska); looking in same form of that seen in Figure 3, light microscopy arrays. A (4 x) showing variety of sclerites, particularly the characteristic " fingerbiscuit-rod " seen in the genus Swiftia. Sclerites from specimen examined for Bob Stone, Alaska Fisheries Service B Higher magnification, 10 x, showing all sclerite forms, including obvious anthocodial fingerbiscuit-rods. The larger spindles measure ~ 300 µm long, smaller spindles of ~ 200 µm, and the rods range from 308 - 370 µm in length." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314852" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D79F7FF8E6EC9009F77615F4121A42ED" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Swiftia pacifica, specimen 41 - 39 - 1 (Alaska Fisheries Service, Gulf of Alaska); looking in same form of that seen in Figure 3, light microscopy arrays. A (4 x) showing variety of sclerites, particularly the characteristic " fingerbiscuit-rod " seen in the genus Swiftia. Sclerites from specimen examined for Bob Stone, Alaska Fisheries Service B Higher magnification, 10 x, showing all sclerite forms, including obvious anthocodial fingerbiscuit-rods. The larger spindles measure ~ 300 µm long, smaller spindles of ~ 200 µm, and the rods range from 308 - 370 µm in length." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314852" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. spicata" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">P. spicata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4FC35D44DB564D0DE149AC7B484913EA" lsidName="P. spicata" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="07DD159D0755153EC8EB0B4A5968D980" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">P. spicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="251" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ABAD1D6397683E8FF736ADC31A9E2A61" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7FE08509944B2539D2BE8F436745FEBB" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2CC568DD94B01151763BF9D0AD954F3F" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
From the Latin,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">longi</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="09C704E91BCCCCB1C12ECA039A76C0C5" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">longi</emphasis>
|
||||
- = long and
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">spina</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3FF02241D84A83B07A598DA2686BE47D" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">spina</emphasis>
|
||||
- = spine; long-spined, referencing the spinose marginal sclerites that extend beyond end of operculum on polyps.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="251" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="05B5817C58A94D1AD4BAE7A7FE3D8F8E" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A161267FCC7CE3B26BAC39FE530C90B3" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="23295E81D38BFA32C7278E1738C54CE0" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
Found off California coast between ~55-735 m. Of specimens examined, could not confirm that this species is found off the Oregon coast (thus far, all specimens examined were collected either from Baja California [Mexico] and California [USA] or Washington [USA]; it seems odd that it would skip an entire area between CA and WA). Based on material collected by staff of Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary (May, 2006 and July, 2008) that was examined, seen off northwest Washington coast at depths of at least ~208-309 m. Specimens from the genus have been taken in Alaskan waters (Bering Sea, etc.) in depths from 85-2514 m; collection data for these specimens can be found by doing a search of the online data base for the NMNH, Smithsonian, Invertebrate Collection. Listings of this particular species (by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wing, BL" journalOrPublisher="NOAA Technical Memoires, NMFS-AFSC- 146" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/afsc-tm/noaa-tm-afsc-146.pdf" refId="B188" refString="Wing, BL, Barnard, DR, 2004. A field Guide to Alaskan Corals. . NOAA Technical Memoires, NMFS-AFSC-146" title="A field Guide to Alaskan Corals." url="www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/afsc-tm/noaa-tm-afsc-146.pdf" year="2004">Wing and Barnard 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="07E3995A9BDBD2CEB92FF533EDFC0BE9" author="Wing, BL" journalOrPublisher="NOAA Technical Memoires, NMFS-AFSC- 146" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/afsc-tm/noaa-tm-afsc-146.pdf" refId="B188" refString="Wing, BL, Barnard, DR, 2004. A field Guide to Alaskan Corals. . NOAA Technical Memoires, NMFS-AFSC-146" title="A field Guide to Alaskan Corals." url="www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/afsc-tm/noaa-tm-afsc-146.pdf" year="2004">Wing and Barnard 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" refId="B106" refString="Heifetz, J, Wing, BL, Stone, RP, Malacha, PW, Courtney, DL, 2005. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" year="2005">Heifetz et. al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="355C6F12CF990342255AD9731828FE2F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" refId="B106" refString="Heifetz, J, Wing, BL, Stone, RP, Malacha, PW, Courtney, DL, 2005. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" year="2005">Heifetz et. al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="68" pageNumber="251" refId="B157">Stone and Shotwell 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="015D6AB813E98E5B0383F8B40741444D" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" refId="B157">Stone and Shotwell 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) mentioned in Cairns, 2011, could not be confirmed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="251" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="344473761998BC0BAE9E022463CD81CE" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3854ECF480B65900D0AF0FA5A83FC3E4" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E696E7F3100E46B97CE673EE06CEC522" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
Work by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Lissner, AL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="87 - 101" refId="B134" refString="Lissner, AL, Dorsey, JH, 1986. Deep-water biological assemblages of a hard-bottom bank-ridge complex of the Southern California Continental Borderland. . Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 85: 87 - 101" title="Deep-water biological assemblages of a hard-bottom bank-ridge complex of the Southern California Continental Borderland." volume="85" year="1986">Lissner and Dorsey (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A26CFC340186852948E196709C9DD73C" author="Lissner, AL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="87 - 101" refId="B134" refString="Lissner, AL, Dorsey, JH, 1986. Deep-water biological assemblages of a hard-bottom bank-ridge complex of the Southern California Continental Borderland. . Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 85: 87 - 101" title="Deep-water biological assemblages of a hard-bottom bank-ridge complex of the Southern California Continental Borderland." volume="85" year="1986">Lissner and Dorsey (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
along Tanner and Cortes Banks and the Santa Rosa-Cortes Ridge area off southern California showed a depth range as follows: at depths <67 m the species is sparse, at depths ranging from 67-122 m the species is common to abundant, and at depths below 122 m, again becoming sparse. Deep-water video images taken by MBARI indicated the possibility of the genus (perhaps this species) being more common at greater depth (at least in some areas) than once thought.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">In all specimens examined, only one had any other organism associated with it; on this specimen there appeared two anemones, both on branches near the tip. One, the larger of the two, is on the exposed axis. On this same specimen, on the area of branches just above the base, there appeared to be the anchor tendrils from the egg case of a shark. These tendrils are quite thin, but with the stiff curl they usually display. Egg cases were noticeable on specimens collected by OCNMS in May 2006. Colonies of this species are quite rigid, so it is likely that they provide good anchorage.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B4C5A4A064641ED6760DD6031357FBCE" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">In all specimens examined, only one had any other organism associated with it; on this specimen there appeared two anemones, both on branches near the tip. One, the larger of the two, is on the exposed axis. On this same specimen, on the area of branches just above the base, there appeared to be the anchor tendrils from the egg case of a shark. These tendrils are quite thin, but with the stiff curl they usually display. Egg cases were noticeable on specimens collected by OCNMS in May 2006. Colonies of this species are quite rigid, so it is likely that they provide good anchorage.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="17EC36B5D670A07B7C31AB531225F51D" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2508CE361506053A861884141F0A57EA" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D43AC62126FF4041B1620FF7D1A8E73C" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
A key data point in the distribution of this species was
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nutting’s">Nutting's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3567B68E9C8E78EE3C33E91052AD1E5C" originalValue="Nutting’s">Nutting's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
specimen locality (1909):
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Albatross’">'Albatross'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="631A09225DC2685269AD0BABFA7CE17C" originalValue="‘Albatross’">'Albatross'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
station 4359, Point Loma light-house,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="32.7">32°42'00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="78A544CB0E69C0AC875969F5CBEBE75E" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="32.7">32°42'00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="117" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-117.23333">117°14'00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4F9ACB3407846DD8CFDCDC1C22DE3535" degrees="117" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-117.23333">117°14'00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
(N 85, E 9 miles), 191 fathoms (347 m). This specimen currently housed at NMNH (USNM 25429); specimen was examined.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5F6739E0C1D7EEDF3DA83BFE90DF33ED" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
In a comparison with a different species (from the Aleutian Islands,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella spicata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Plumarella spicata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="60A7F26B5556BA4765632098DD4E48D5" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella spicata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2081562271C789759654A6DCB50A1947" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">Plumarella spicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nutting, 1912), it presented marginal scales that were similar in shape to those seen in this species, but the spinous process of the marginal scales in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. longispina" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">P. longispina</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C094402212A2EA7C83CA4683B1D4D9A" lsidName="P. longispina" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5D33506E4623294CA5F09B74588D9172" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">P. longispina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are much less ornamented. As well, all of the operculars in the species described here display areas of surface that appear very smooth and undecorated; in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. spicata" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">P. spicata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D56EB112A6F317D040883A87B7864A6B" lsidName="P. spicata" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="23F7B48472B73419886DD5825125E462" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">P. spicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, surface ornamentation is more prevalent, although perhaps not continuous along entire surface. Colony form of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. spicata" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">P. spicata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6D83D4B8F446D76405B275ABC1B5DB5" lsidName="P. spicata" pageId="68" pageNumber="251" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="328E6ABA0D2820E864BF4F655A75880C" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">P. spicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(delicate and flimsy, more or less dichotomously branched), does not match what is seen for this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ABDD569A1467FCB96D829C74A0743A9E" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="68" pageNumber="251">
|
||||
Unless there are very subtle differences, e.g., characteristics that might specify several subspecies, this species seemed to be one of the most abundant deep-water prim
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="69" pageNumber="252" start="start">noids</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="A5821419530B22CF8D8C76D2DBD175B0" pageId="69" pageNumber="252" start="start">noids</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
occurring in the California Bight (and elsewhere). Its overall colony form is quite distinctive, and easily recognizable. While appearing to be quite delicate, closer examination and handling indicated that it is actually fairly hardy. In the near future, an examination of all specimens in the SBMNH collection will have to be undertaken, with special attention paid to any feature(s) that could be assessed as a key characteris
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="70" pageNumber="253" start="start">tic</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="432A1468119516E5D5DACAF951ADD8B8" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" start="start">tic</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
that might show some degree of variability. The question arose as to whether there are transitional variations over the entire range of this species, and if so, whether those variations might subdivide the specimens, such that they point in the direction of distinct subspecies (or for that matter, species). Molecular studies on any of those groupings could add further clarity. However, it may be that this is simply an enormously successful species, thus very common, with adequate and successful dispersal abilities. Cordeiro et al. (2019) shows
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. longispina" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">P. longispina</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4830A11B64EF18C1D9453B3EFBAB38C5" lsidName="P. longispina" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2EA1E6D0CDB883A9B19713B3EE8946AD" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">P. longispina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with accepted species status.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,143 +1,143 @@
|
|||
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||||
<treatment id="7B0A0688B6B889AB290F0996958A992E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525287" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0A0688B6B889AB290F0996958A992E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B0A0688B6B889AB290F0996958A992E" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Primnoidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C57A42E7ED04F8A91AC427CB6D73B3E8" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="29087375BBEE18923B8DE09290DC611A" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="7B0A0688B6B889AB290F0996958A992E" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Primnoa Lamouroux, 1812</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3F6159B40F6B87A729E35FF93F5476A" ID-CoL="84SNK" LSID="7B0A0688B6B889AB290F0996958A992E" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Primnoa Lamouroux, 1812</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Primnoa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="12A685E04AE9193FD4FFACA18948D838" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9DAFFF43D2EE44978E4B72183D67FD1C" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6BACD676D7F210FD896A63EC3CC3FAA" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Primnoa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lamouroux, 1812: 188; 1816: 442.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="70" pageNumber="253" refId="B114">Johnston 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7388EB1ED193B6A97D9043643B7D67E4" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" refId="B114">Johnston 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 171.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" refId="B100" refString="Gray, JE, 1870. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" year="1870">Gray 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8F1C245FB34B55E38755F77E1D57A8B7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" refId="B100" refString="Gray, JE, 1870. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" year="1870">Gray 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 44. Studer 1878 [1879]: 642; 1887: 49.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="72979E915AA7AF72CF70E2D8D45EA84A" author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: xlviii.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="70" pageNumber="253" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="78986D3A7561D44A80F0F196ED560B94" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 84-85.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">Kinoshita 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2CB7DF1F9A5DF35D998B5830011D2B14" author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">Kinoshita 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 42.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger," pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="142 - 158" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" refId="B126" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915b. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46: 142 - 158" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" volume="46" year="1915 b">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="94E96C1D4D1C426E97338DCFED6A0E40" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger," pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="142 - 158" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" refId="B126" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915b. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46: 142 - 158" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" volume="46" year="1915 b">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="041F0D10D750DD3826FC6EAD4C5E399B" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1915b
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 143 [key to genus]; 1919: 357-360 [key to genus]; 1924: 265-266 [key to genus and species].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="70" pageNumber="253" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7850A4A0415FE62F2CDD26708FB6B02" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 220, fig. 157, 1; 1961: 294 [illustrated key to genus]; 1981: 937 [key to genus]. Bayer and Stefani 1988: 454 [key to genus].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AEF34350B2EB6C21F90EB99CF41FB22F" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 226-228 [revision and key to species].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5BF1A311999102ECD27B7368E6AA720B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 30, 41, 42.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="078C5898594C2944CB8ACB899C4697C8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 19.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" genus="Lithoprimnoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoprimnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Lithoprimnoa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C5B7223A90982D4C2DF018A9402F5912" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A97EDE107EF561B53C099455F952CE96" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Lithoprimnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoprimnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Lithoprimnoa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Grube, 1861: 174-175.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" genus="Lithoprimnoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoprimnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Lithoprimnoa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E6842BF8F9F0F245DB8B60FF24C0A67A" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A274DCA92F3A01FE95B899C2D5C83A67" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Lithoprimnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoprimnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Lithoprimnoa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" genus="Lithoprimnoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoprimnoa arctica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctica">Lithoprimnoa arctica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84911750B72613740D189545CB7EBC52" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Lithoprimnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoprimnoa arctica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctica">Lithoprimnoa arctica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Grube, 1861, by monotypy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia lepadifera" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lepadifera">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Gorgonia lepadifera</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="56EDB12DCB1C12D2CCC4AF7E2BA61D8D" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B46507C759FE0E446520A145075A2E3" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CC028DE7C83B4BF30C9E432FD46B7116" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EA73962E429E5A7D96B2D208CFCF99F5" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia lepadifera" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lepadifera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="07A226C521A8E96EC04CEC974728ED6D" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Gorgonia lepadifera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Linnaeus, 1767 (=
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia resedaeformis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Gorgonia resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23EFEDA6DFE734A9D4562FFB98F04C58" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia resedaeformis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="86526664C2EB9800672E5CE69B16B895" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Gorgonia resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gunnerus, 1763), by monotypy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Dichotomously branched, arborescent form with polyps not arranged in whorls but closely crowded on all sides of branches and branchlets; polyps distinctly curved downward toward axis. Marginal scales eight, operculum strongly developed. Tentacles bear small, thorny rods.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="608E5CE719BAA084136309B2D636F66F" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="179180DF7CE24D4967FB17D1D25A5D3B" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="48B578C3C43DDB0D520E83AD3D3D5C1A" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Dichotomously branched, arborescent form with polyps not arranged in whorls but closely crowded on all sides of branches and branchlets; polyps distinctly curved downward toward axis. Marginal scales eight, operculum strongly developed. Tentacles bear small, thorny rods.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="338B3012B1E4C115E2D0589A18208B91" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A8CDE1755E044E7DC5A0FAE9DE607E03" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="31F25995C4063F845AD81E3BC6F17E9B" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
This genus, in the form of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. resedaeformis" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">P. resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9A95295E91BD4E73268A56416079337C" lsidName="P. resedaeformis" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="936ECF2B309D785B5DBB35969F40223E" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">P. resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Gunnerus, 1763), has been known since the earliest days of science (1605), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. resedaeformis" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">P. resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="840B377F9A3E395748DD4E9D78D2DCD8" lsidName="P. resedaeformis" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="69CC8A0ED66C17A6ED70B416EB13DAF4" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">P. resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Atlantic species to which the species discussed here is most closely related) is one of the most often reported deep-water octocorals. It is likely that the Atlantic
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="709C8E210FCEB143B66CD1C5B694C2B3" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5736771F61E296E58D28CA1ADE6C8F6A" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were some of the very first deep-water octocorals to be seen and acknowledged (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CAADC3CF80568EBD702E9478DF73BB2B" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E6482FCF938FB394A09A2E1424657C9D" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
|
||||
Genus, with accepted status in WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019), mentioned here due to evidence provided by collection records examined (see Appendix 3: List of material examined), which showed a distributional range that includes the California Bight. Based on those collection records (NMNH), this is a deep-water form that has been collected off the California coast, from a southern location of La Jolla, San Diego to a northern location of Monterey Bay. As well, NMNH, OCNMS and MBARI, through collection and video records, also indicated sightings or collections off Oregon, Washington, British Columbia to the Gulf of Alaska, at 64-≥1000 m. This represents a substantial range but does include the entire California Bight region. Additionally,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer (2005</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="1A3E9D421640AECE1FAA4DE9799BDF75" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer (2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A30BA1132A336ECB1B992095043107B0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), along with
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016505421115" author="Heikoop, JM" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" pagination="117 - 124" refId="B107" refString="Heikoop, JM, Hickmott, DD, Risk, MJ, Shearer, CK, Atudorei, V, 2002. Potential Climate Signals from the Deep-Sea Gorgonian Coral Primnoaresedaeformis. . Hydrobiologia 471: 117 - 124" title="Potential Climate Signals from the Deep-Sea Gorgonian Coral Primnoaresedaeformis." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016505421115" volume="471" year="2002">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="71" pageNumber="254" start="start">Heikoop</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3EAB4354C84179CB37809F50E1CB3AEC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016505421115" author="Heikoop, JM" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" pagination="117 - 124" refId="B107" refString="Heikoop, JM, Hickmott, DD, Risk, MJ, Shearer, CK, Atudorei, V, 2002. Potential Climate Signals from the Deep-Sea Gorgonian Coral Primnoaresedaeformis. . Hydrobiologia 471: 117 - 124" title="Potential Climate Signals from the Deep-Sea Gorgonian Coral Primnoaresedaeformis." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016505421115" volume="471" year="2002">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="61187392C49EC8F2EB7FE43E21B75997" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" start="start">Heikoop</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
et al. (2002)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Risk, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="125 - 131" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225386976_Lifespans_and_growth_patterns_of_two_deep-sea_corals_Primnoa_resedaeformis_and_Desmophyllum_cristagalli" refId="B154" refString="Risk, MJ, Heikoop, JM, Snow, MG, Beukens, R, 2002. Lifespans and Growth Patterns of Two Deep-Sea Corals: Primnoaresedaeformis and Desmophyllumcristagalli. . Hydrobiologia 471: 125 - 131" title="Lifespans and Growth Patterns of Two Deep-Sea Corals: Primnoaresedaeformis and Desmophyllumcristagalli." url="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225386976_Lifespans_and_growth_patterns_of_two_deep-sea_corals_Primnoa_resedaeformis_and_Desmophyllum_cristagalli" volume="471" year="2002">Risk et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C46C7B6DC50EC1E29117818F88734326" author="Risk, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="125 - 131" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225386976_Lifespans_and_growth_patterns_of_two_deep-sea_corals_Primnoa_resedaeformis_and_Desmophyllum_cristagalli" refId="B154" refString="Risk, MJ, Heikoop, JM, Snow, MG, Beukens, R, 2002. Lifespans and Growth Patterns of Two Deep-Sea Corals: Primnoaresedaeformis and Desmophyllumcristagalli. . Hydrobiologia 471: 125 - 131" title="Lifespans and Growth Patterns of Two Deep-Sea Corals: Primnoaresedaeformis and Desmophyllumcristagalli." url="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225386976_Lifespans_and_growth_patterns_of_two_deep-sea_corals_Primnoa_resedaeformis_and_Desmophyllum_cristagalli" volume="471" year="2002">Risk et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, reported species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3F18A6542B7B9D0C44DA8C43CC133E2C" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="85A6887869FEF7CC6C9D145B7E93EE4A" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the subantarctic Pacific sector.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="96272B8799A906F5498B979F9C65CAFF" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, DP" journalOrPublisher="Canterbury University Press: Christchurch, New Zealand" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B92" refString="Gordon, DP, 2009. New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume I. Kingdom Animalia. . Canterbury University Press: Christchurch, New Zealand" title="New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume I. Kingdom Animalia." year="2009">Gordon 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CC6690007B9F1FFFCB812DD8AC9DA9A7" author="Gordon, DP" journalOrPublisher="Canterbury University Press: Christchurch, New Zealand" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B92" refString="Gordon, DP, 2009. New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume I. Kingdom Animalia. . Canterbury University Press: Christchurch, New Zealand" title="New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume I. Kingdom Animalia." year="2009">Gordon 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), reported species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4031906C40F67A20E84C5496D7DB2314" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A8266C479FD817D8C22E6EEDC3C5733B" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
off New Zealand coasts.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,151 +1,151 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525288" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A382E4AFCFD27FBD5F346570B2606D77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A382E4AFCFD27FBD5F346570B2606D77" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A382E4AFCFD27FBD5F346570B2606D77" authority="Kinoshita, 1907" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1907" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">Primnoa pacifica Kinoshita, 1907</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="A382E4AFCFD27FBD5F346570B2606D77" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525288" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A382E4AFCFD27FBD5F346570B2606D77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A382E4AFCFD27FBD5F346570B2606D77" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Primnoidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
|
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<subSubSection id="405C39CD690918F16816C8D50A2E1601" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="6059ED6A1DF1459F62907784E4074D09" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
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<taxonomicName id="86BC348ACBA0AA3DC89564A81EB46139" ID-CoL="6VX8N" LSID="A382E4AFCFD27FBD5F346570B2606D77" authority="Kinoshita, 1907" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1907" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">Primnoa pacifica Kinoshita, 1907</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="254" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">Primnoa pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
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<subSubSection id="8669D655452A2616799767D42E56859D" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1392D13DA7DAF271869F57E67577AA09" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
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<taxonomicName id="032D82CBEC20B2CC44B2F34E0F1620ED" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">Primnoa pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kinoshita, 1907: 232; 1908a: 42-45, text figs 8-9, pl 3, figs 19-20, pl 6, fig. 49; 1908b: pl 18, fig. 3; 1909: 2, 3, text fig.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wing, BL" journalOrPublisher="NOAA Technical Memoires, NMFS-AFSC- 146" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/afsc-tm/noaa-tm-afsc-146.pdf" refId="B188" refString="Wing, BL, Barnard, DR, 2004. A field Guide to Alaskan Corals. . NOAA Technical Memoires, NMFS-AFSC-146" title="A field Guide to Alaskan Corals." url="www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/afsc-tm/noaa-tm-afsc-146.pdf" year="2004">Wing and Bernard 2004</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="F38D60165A8075FE93F3049865936A96" author="Wing, BL" journalOrPublisher="NOAA Technical Memoires, NMFS-AFSC- 146" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/afsc-tm/noaa-tm-afsc-146.pdf" refId="B188" refString="Wing, BL, Barnard, DR, 2004. A field Guide to Alaskan Corals. . NOAA Technical Memoires, NMFS-AFSC-146" title="A field Guide to Alaskan Corals." url="www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/afsc-tm/noaa-tm-afsc-146.pdf" year="2004">Wing and Bernard 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 24, fig. 15.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="D41CC33BCEF486C7BC51D237D9F168AE" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 233-239.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="71" pageNumber="254" refId="B157">Stone and Shotwell 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5888FDE065DCD3F9991D511220D3CCE8" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" refId="B157">Stone and Shotwell 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 72, 93, 107, in situ fig. 2.23.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitmire, CE" editor="Lumsden, SE" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/deepcoral_rpt/Chapter3_PacificCoast.pdf" refId="B185" refString="Whitmire, CE, Clarke, ME, Lumsden, SE, Hourigan, TF, Bruckner, AW, Dorr, G, 2007. NOAA Technical Memorandum, CRCP-3, Silver Spring-Maryland. https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/deepcoral_rpt/Chapter3_PacificCoast.pdf" title="NOAA Technical Memorandum, CRCP- 3, Silver Spring-Maryland" url="https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/deepcoral_rpt/Chapter3_PacificCoast.pdf" year="2007">Whitmire and Clarke 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C7F25EDE2A6D1319E76553C811D8F5B2" author="Whitmire, CE" editor="Lumsden, SE" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/deepcoral_rpt/Chapter3_PacificCoast.pdf" refId="B185" refString="Whitmire, CE, Clarke, ME, Lumsden, SE, Hourigan, TF, Bruckner, AW, Dorr, G, 2007. NOAA Technical Memorandum, CRCP-3, Silver Spring-Maryland. https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/deepcoral_rpt/Chapter3_PacificCoast.pdf" title="NOAA Technical Memorandum, CRCP- 3, Silver Spring-Maryland" url="https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/deepcoral_rpt/Chapter3_PacificCoast.pdf" year="2007">Whitmire and Clarke 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 152 (listed).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BEFBAD1C2D61767E4FA5F5366373F606" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 30 (listed).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E7EF2BD19F772EC516A191A8573D19FD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 19.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa resedaeformis var. pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="resedaeformis" variety="pacifica">Primnoa resedaeformis var. pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="48876700B7C774C9F464CCE84A9C0071" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D65F614327044524E25A5DFA0CD59297" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa resedaeformis var. pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="resedaeformis" variety="pacifica">Primnoa resedaeformis var. pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kukenthal, 1915b: 146; 1919: 361-362.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="71" pageNumber="254" refId="B2">Aurivillius 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="58528838AA0D0094CFC1445182E28E59" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" refId="B2">Aurivillius 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 295-296.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa japonica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">Primnoa japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="99DF8742F2E79C8ACBFBE84CC0B9B6E8" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="11013BE5663C35285D65F418246E2B73" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa japonica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">Primnoa japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Verrill, 1922: 15 (nomen nudum).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa resedaeformis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subspecies" species="resedaeformis" subspecies="pacifica">Primnoa resedaeformis pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2904D617A29262AD96E3431AA5590981" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C6721FF7D746EE8969B0E9C63FAB5005" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa resedaeformis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subspecies" species="resedaeformis" subspecies="pacifica">Primnoa resedaeformis pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kukenthal, 1924: 267, fig. 152.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" refId="B106" refString="Heifetz, J, Wing, BL, Stone, RP, Malacha, PW, Courtney, DL, 2005. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" year="2005">Heifetz et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="996B4A247A2C9358093118D74FF87F40" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" refId="B106" refString="Heifetz, J, Wing, BL, Stone, RP, Malacha, PW, Courtney, DL, 2005. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" year="2005">Heifetz et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 132.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" form="pacifica" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="forma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa resedaeformis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="form" species="resedaeformis">Primnoa resedaeformis forma pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="04D05D9763D95FABB5204BAAA0B2700E" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8CB401C3B9E0AD7EF0742603BCCFC77" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" form="pacifica" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="forma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa resedaeformis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="form" species="resedaeformis">Primnoa resedaeformis forma pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Broch, 1935: 29-33, figs 17a-e, 18a; 1940: 20, 21.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="71" pageNumber="254" refId="B142">Naumov 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="192D010A3BA37B7D0ABAE0A504C0B8F5" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" refId="B142">Naumov 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 66, pl 11, fig. 5.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">No specimens in SBMNH collection (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B887EA7A72BCE2664D73C875A7ACD07C" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A7245B329DBC5C82788BFCA0CF5E0B0" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0BECDD2A04F27A4C1534D55718FA7A26" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">No specimens in SBMNH collection (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E3DEA01A8E93F310E9B530F58FCDF17F" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="44D27C7301384019C8396517F6D90B78" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3156D6123975BA3B6FE741FC57DB02F5" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
Members of this genus display, in texture and color (when preserved in alcohol) that reminiscent of large-curd cottage cheese, arranged into branches.
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. resedaeformis" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">P. resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5BF6FE3CAAD3535AF9C0F3BDC82AE755" lsidName="P. resedaeformis" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53FA7435D208458CEC1D23AE064D7217" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">P. resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Atlantic is known to Canadian fishermen commonly as Seacorn or Popcorn coral. (On a first examination of preserved specimens, which were creamy yellow-white in alcohol, the appearance of popcorn immediately came to mind.) Information given here primarily focuses on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Primnoa pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C72A589ED25C8934B96D728FF25C0875" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="31BB7A28A98A5E97176C76D30F4CDC8E" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Primnoa pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
typical; known distribution ranges from Honshu, Japan; California, north to at least the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="230EE0949F985C9D468644D167A8F554" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">P. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="11C7236E5582DBA7FC7A2B23BF11B0AF" lsidName="P. pacifica" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="66C5FB90BDE47A5DA77031E78EABDC0B" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">P. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known by some (anecdotal, via fishermen working in the Pacific) as Red tree coral (when living, the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="colony’s">colony's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F0815CAC563FDD305F252DA08D2FF9EA" originalValue="colony’s">colony's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
pink color is quite beautiful), as well as Seacorn or Popcorn coral.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<paragraph id="97E7FCC0811723B62AD8B3688561A8AE" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
This species has now been synonymized with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. willeyi" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" rank="species" species="willeyi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">P. willeyi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7DA296CD80B563B262695BF2457FA425" lsidName="P. willeyi" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" rank="species" species="willeyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F4CC0954D9F77336112C41A89B12DA8D" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">P. willeyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hickson, 1915, following work done by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer (2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0D6124991D34C0493107FE68455D33C4" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer (2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CB30C41FD64CCBCD404414D69707CFD5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); this is shown in the WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019), where it is considered in the Database as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa pacifica var. willeyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="pacifica" variety="willeyi">Primnoa pacifica var. willeyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="374DDC0BEE80C190E2955CC36390DECD" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa pacifica var. willeyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="pacifica" variety="willeyi">Primnoa pacifica var. willeyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Hickson, 1915).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7E962283AB7A281EE6DD99E4543D8164" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
Research staff at OCNMS originally believed that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AEAC2BB4D7F08D19353A0E48D1101F8D" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="329518F494809AA6A19D2CF695052C87" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occurred only on hard substrates (such as large boulders, and exposed bedrock) in areas of low turbidity, at a minimum yearly temperature of 3.7 °C, at depths of at least 9-800 m (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Brancato, MS" journalOrPublisher="Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, Maryland" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" publicationUrl="http://www.aquaticcommons.org/2278/1/bowlby3.pdf" refId="B24" refString="Brancato, MS, Bowlby, CE, Hyland, J, Intelmann, SS, Brenkman, K, 2007. Observations of Deep Coral and Sponge Assemblages in Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington. Cruise Report: NOAA Ship 'McArthur II' Cruise AR06-06/07. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP-07-04. Joint publication of U.S. . Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, Maryland" title="Observations of Deep Coral and Sponge Assemblages in Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington. Cruise Report: NOAA Ship ' McArthur II' Cruise AR 06 - 06 / 07. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP- 07 - 04. Joint publication of U. S." url="http://www.aquaticcommons.org/2278/1/bowlby3.pdf" year="2007">Brancato et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2EA0A7C9E27F84A6AE9D8A53F467A358" author="Brancato, MS" journalOrPublisher="Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, Maryland" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" publicationUrl="http://www.aquaticcommons.org/2278/1/bowlby3.pdf" refId="B24" refString="Brancato, MS, Bowlby, CE, Hyland, J, Intelmann, SS, Brenkman, K, 2007. Observations of Deep Coral and Sponge Assemblages in Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington. Cruise Report: NOAA Ship 'McArthur II' Cruise AR06-06/07. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP-07-04. Joint publication of U.S. . Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, Maryland" title="Observations of Deep Coral and Sponge Assemblages in Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington. Cruise Report: NOAA Ship ' McArthur II' Cruise AR 06 - 06 / 07. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP- 07 - 04. Joint publication of U. S." url="http://www.aquaticcommons.org/2278/1/bowlby3.pdf" year="2007">Brancato et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, the OCNMS expedition in May of 2006 noted its location at several sites having muddy or sandy bottoms.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5DC12CDDE20566A98F40365D134D14D2" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">
|
||||
Verrill noted, in his original unpublished notes for the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Blake’">'Blake'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E634335348BEA7459EB0A684CB8989DD" originalValue="‘Blake’">'Blake'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Expedition manuscript (transcribed by Bayer in personal notes but not published with the plates in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="71" pageNumber="254" refId="B15">Bayer and Cairns 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3A9DA7E6A13C8DBF4C77E8F19A47C2B6" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" refId="B15">Bayer and Cairns 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) that in the deep sea, because of the "absolute stillness of the
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="72" pageNumber="255" start="start">water</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="15F0D2B821246600B4BE398A9E122C8C" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" start="start">water</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
," many deep-dwelling forms exhibited extreme delicacy and fragility. He noted that numerous examples of the more delicate features occurred in the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" lsidName="" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" rank="family">Primnoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CC24BB1C5D0387AAED5AA93A1D4F9165" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Primnoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. At depth, this species has been found with crinoids intertwined amongst its branches; it may further provide shelter within its branches for species of deep-water rockfish (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Brancato, MS" journalOrPublisher="Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, Maryland" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" publicationUrl="http://www.aquaticcommons.org/2278/1/bowlby3.pdf" refId="B24" refString="Brancato, MS, Bowlby, CE, Hyland, J, Intelmann, SS, Brenkman, K, 2007. Observations of Deep Coral and Sponge Assemblages in Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington. Cruise Report: NOAA Ship 'McArthur II' Cruise AR06-06/07. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP-07-04. Joint publication of U.S. . Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, Maryland" title="Observations of Deep Coral and Sponge Assemblages in Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington. Cruise Report: NOAA Ship ' McArthur II' Cruise AR 06 - 06 / 07. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP- 07 - 04. Joint publication of U. S." url="http://www.aquaticcommons.org/2278/1/bowlby3.pdf" year="2007">Brancato et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="848E31BEA21B98674DB58A02D99403A6" author="Brancato, MS" journalOrPublisher="Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, Maryland" pageId="88" pageNumber="271" publicationUrl="http://www.aquaticcommons.org/2278/1/bowlby3.pdf" refId="B24" refString="Brancato, MS, Bowlby, CE, Hyland, J, Intelmann, SS, Brenkman, K, 2007. Observations of Deep Coral and Sponge Assemblages in Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington. Cruise Report: NOAA Ship 'McArthur II' Cruise AR06-06/07. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP-07-04. Joint publication of U.S. . Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, Maryland" title="Observations of Deep Coral and Sponge Assemblages in Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington. Cruise Report: NOAA Ship ' McArthur II' Cruise AR 06 - 06 / 07. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP- 07 - 04. Joint publication of U. S." url="http://www.aquaticcommons.org/2278/1/bowlby3.pdf" year="2007">Brancato et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). While Verrill noted (unpublished personal note transcriptions made by Bayer) that many of the deep-sea
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Alcyonaria" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" rank="subclass" subclass="Alcyonaria">Alcyonaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="193E681F80DD5824168EB22CF866BB58" lsidName="Alcyonaria" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" rank="subclass" subclass="Alcyonaria">Alcyonaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“phosphorescent”">"phosphorescent"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7A297909AE99788EECF17EB9179CB440" originalValue="“phosphorescent”">"phosphorescent"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(bioluminescent), no recent information was found that could confirm/deny that characteristic for this species, or any other in the family.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8ADFAAC7A2C28B6BCBB42B4D8616F27C" pageId="72" pageNumber="255">
|
||||
The specimen mentioned in the Appendix 3: Other material, may be the southern-most report in eastern Pacific (USA) waters for a specimen of this genus and species. Occurring as far south as La Jolla, California, it may also be found further north into the California Bight, perhaps off the Channel Islands, in deep water. Of the thirteen genus records noted at CAS, the majority of specimens are from Alaska; their only record of this species is from the Sea of Japan. MBARI has records (provided by L Lundsten) for colonies known to belong in the Family
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" lsidName="" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" rank="family">Primnoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="14A8DBB57D2DC5B5A781637DB5E75D8D" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Primnoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but most are not identified to genus or species. It would not be surprising if some of those specimens represent species within this genus, if not this species. As this manuscript was in preparation, a colony fragment (this genus and likely this species) was located (by myself and my research student, C Schaefer, in 2015) in material sampled from LACoMNH; fragment was found in fishing nets in 1981, set in SW Alaskan waters.
|
||||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
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|||
|
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@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159016174" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7F9DB5BA9D57C6B36130F473F40FC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC7F9DB5BA9D57C6B36130F473F40FC5" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="74" pageNumber="257">
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Family
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<taxonomicName LSID="bc7f9db5-ba9d-57c6-b361-30f473f40fc5" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" family="Isididae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="257" rank="family">Isididae Lamouroux, 1812</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Axis distinctly segmented, composed of alternating purely horny (gorgonin) nodes and nonscleritic calcareous, mostly solid, internodes (in some, hollow); internodes may be colored, quite smooth or with small projections or ridges. Base may be either a root-like calcareous structure for anchoring colony in soft substrate or a basal disc for attachment to hard object. Colonies whip-like, profusely branched, bushy or fan-like, with polyps retractile (or not). Majority of species in family found in deeper waters; all members of family commonly called Bamboo coral.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B63AF7D4FC7E907D14E6EA7CCEEB35BD" pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E1858601AEDE1669594F85D726F3F1E" pageId="74" pageNumber="257">Axis distinctly segmented, composed of alternating purely horny (gorgonin) nodes and nonscleritic calcareous, mostly solid, internodes (in some, hollow); internodes may be colored, quite smooth or with small projections or ridges. Base may be either a root-like calcareous structure for anchoring colony in soft substrate or a basal disc for attachment to hard object. Colonies whip-like, profusely branched, bushy or fan-like, with polyps retractile (or not). Majority of species in family found in deeper waters; all members of family commonly called Bamboo coral.</paragraph>
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|
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|
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||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159016180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE45F8B635E259D1B7ABDA0646509B4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE45F8B635E259D1B7ABDA0646509B4E" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="de45f8b6-35e2-59d1-b7ab-da0646509b4e" authority="Kuekenthal, 1913" authorityName="Kuekenthal" authorityYear="1913" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||||
<treatment id="DE45F8B635E259D1B7ABDA0646509B4E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159016180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE45F8B635E259D1B7ABDA0646509B4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE45F8B635E259D1B7ABDA0646509B4E" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Primnoidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BEECE44A6BAA18AB91DF9E86985D02A1" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="30607C898DA5DE3DE15996D25F8E9B20" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5C8204641B4CEB2F38DC041BA33B3FC" ID-CoL="PVBK" LSID="de45f8b6-35e2-59d1-b7ab-da0646509b4e" authority="Kuekenthal, 1913" authorityName="Kuekenthal" authorityYear="1913" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||||
Callogorgia kinoshitai (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="815CA361FFA92FB7F3E61C0BBC16964F" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1913)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422990. A Colony; height (base missing) ~ 30 cm B SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Figures 33A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B27453E80F2CA6248C594262A518A50A" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422990. A Colony; height (base missing) ~ 30 cm B SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Figures 33A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982. A Light microscopy array, 4 x magnification, showing variety of large scales (body wall, coenenchymal, opercular, etc.) as well as very small coenenchymal rod-like sclerites B Array of representative scales, 10 x magnification, SBMNH 422982; a abaxial body wall scale, indicated by arrow b possible inner lateral or abaxial from polyp base c outer lateral scale d opercular scale. Opercular scales average 239 µm in length, body wall scales range in breadth from 117 - 217 µm and very small spindles ~ 28 µm in length." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314881" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">34A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A16AADA03C0D2825867A9E69E6766945" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982. A Light microscopy array, 4 x magnification, showing variety of large scales (body wall, coenenchymal, opercular, etc.) as well as very small coenenchymal rod-like sclerites B Array of representative scales, 10 x magnification, SBMNH 422982; a abaxial body wall scale, indicated by arrow b possible inner lateral or abaxial from polyp base c outer lateral scale d opercular scale. Opercular scales average 239 µm in length, body wall scales range in breadth from 117 - 217 µm and very small spindles ~ 28 µm in length." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314881" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">34A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0B944FBD7301C82586ECEE4AF56EA1E0" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
35
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2ECA41DA1525BB812C0696803B353B1E" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="238" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="238" start="start">Callogorgia</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="31155511852A24711D230E0CF0D76D6C" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B886C203A7CD06F0E3F0F830B15AF08C" pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4401695E6833AF5352A615D96A7D9A4E" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="75C22C3520FAA3489FCED22F9B7C62A9" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" start="start">Callogorgia</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
kinoshitae
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0715E2B41BAD0F4AD5157E69E3B5AC8E" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1913: 264-266; text figs E, F, pl 8, fig. 10 (=
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia kinoshitae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">Caligorgia kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3C5A8FEFD06C653654D769E13AAA21AE" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia kinoshitae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">Caligorgia kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1012D1EEF888C1F3F1BEAC5B705190B7" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1913: 264-266 [spelling difference]); 1919: 370; 1924: 270.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">Callogorgia kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D14B097F04A3A6DD77F5876DB6BAEF4F" pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ED49608070E36666B586CFBA9BB73EB0" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">Callogorgia kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="116 - 160" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" refId="B9" refString="Bayer, FM, 1982. Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95: 116 - 160" title="Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" volume="95" year="1982">Bayer 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93A7BB7D750DC1F11DCBDA42292488CE" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="116 - 160" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" refId="B9" refString="Bayer, FM, 1982. Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95: 116 - 160" title="Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" volume="95" year="1982">Bayer 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 122.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CCC87E7BBF50416A072DD248BDEEB775" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 512 (listed).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="88840E5010CCEB5174B8BB77CF2A9946" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 29 (listed).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<paragraph id="834CB5193FC068A019622FA81FF131A6" pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
(?)
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia sertosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertosa">Caligorgia sertosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="47CAEFA4F584F59848B08D62FC8B9833" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia sertosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertosa">Caligorgia sertosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wright & Studer, 1889: 75-77.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26A48FEB6B30B0B906B67119FA9D0799" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 715.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="238" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="238">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AEF9603EC65EAF79C139CB6E86B4A7B" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8C6DDAA044BD352EB12484487DFD7261" pageId="55" pageNumber="238">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="762B39D9A26BEE7E436907B12C306E30" pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
USA, California, 218-2472 m. Possible collection location for type La Jolla, San Diego, based on work of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16718" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="219 - 270" refId="B124" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1913. Ueber die Alcyonarienfauna Californiens und ihre tiergeo-graphischen Beziehungen. . Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik 35: 219 - 270" title="Ueber die Alcyonarienfauna Californiens und ihre tiergeo-graphischen Beziehungen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16718" volume="35" year="1913">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="17C3C2A7F9CD168BD51F47BE4DDBBD33" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16718" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="219 - 270" refId="B124" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1913. Ueber die Alcyonarienfauna Californiens und ihre tiergeo-graphischen Beziehungen. . Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik 35: 219 - 270" title="Ueber die Alcyonarienfauna Californiens und ihre tiergeo-graphischen Beziehungen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16718" volume="35" year="1913">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BE6555EBF278DFD5BBEFEB94FC82728C" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1913
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="55" pageNumber="238" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="568B8F6901669FB59022B4AD5EA11571" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="239" type="type specimens">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="56" pageNumber="239" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A66208AD6BC00BE120F30B7BC823A118" pageId="56" pageNumber="239" type="type specimens">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1B2FAB3BA035FCBA9ADD7AECA69C9BDE" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="03F1AA67739DA07CF641696625DD5973" pageId="56" pageNumber="239" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
specimens.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Repository of type(s) unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C08407A7A1D62440FA0A948057ADFDEB" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Repository of type(s) unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="239">6 lots (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C302F869093E94CEA13D8361A4907135" pageId="56" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EDC5B330E905D6F74DB284DE37F05692" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BF17FCF5A36CA06758F2B25908A61110" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">6 lots (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="56" pageNumber="239" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Colony</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FB7B0FCDC4E19A08D435B06F5EF21E09" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="56" pageNumber="239" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C7A2B3CE510314E288852659F8CA4EA7" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6300A340968BFA7F880B25232D96A96E" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F407930B0B13E1DAE175F799B24DFCC1" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Colony</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422990. A Colony; height (base missing) ~ 30 cm B SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Figure 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="31749F3DC1D84E7393F3BB35DDA58183" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422990. A Colony; height (base missing) ~ 30 cm B SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Figure 33A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) flabellate, usually branched in regularly alternate, pinnate pattern; some colonies (often main branches) rarely dichotomous; most branches in one plane. Maximum colony height over 30 cm (base excluded); average height of colonies in SBMNH collection
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CB1FFD49254226965B3256577190C7D6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
15 cm. Central stem slightly bent in geniculate (jointed, zig-zag) pattern, giving off branches at angles or joints; few branches give off branchlets in similar manner. Distance between branches/branchlets on same side of central stem roughly one cm (slightly larger than one cm closer to base and less than one cm toward tips of branchlets). All branchlets unbranched, parallel to each other. Distal ends of branchlets extremely thin, more flexible, with branchlets often recurved back on themselves. Axis stiff, longitudinally striated; creamy yellow to tan, covered with fairly thin coenenchyme. Color of living colony (?)white to creamy-white; perhaps very light pinkish-beige; color in alcohol creamy whitish-beige to light tan. Five or six polyps (rarely four) regularly arranged in each whorl (most common number being five); whorl diameter 2.1-2.2 mm; generally, four to five whorls per centimeter of branch length. Minimal distance between whorls no more than 1.0 mm (often less), but evident. Polyps 2.0 mm tall; slightly clavate, covered in four to eight rows of nearly spindle-shaped (rods) sclerites; polyps strongly curved from base outward, upward and inward toward axis (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422990. A Colony; height (base missing) ~ 30 cm B SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Figure 33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="77501BD44EE19512AFA1783880BB8F7C" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422990. A Colony; height (base missing) ~ 30 cm B SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Figure 33B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), thus apertures directed toward
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="57" pageNumber="240" start="start">stem</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="45099194AAB06B037FA67BC0323C763C" pageId="57" pageNumber="240" start="start">stem</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
or branch. Sclerites (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982. A Light microscopy array, 4 x magnification, showing variety of large scales (body wall, coenenchymal, opercular, etc.) as well as very small coenenchymal rod-like sclerites B Array of representative scales, 10 x magnification, SBMNH 422982; a abaxial body wall scale, indicated by arrow b possible inner lateral or abaxial from polyp base c outer lateral scale d opercular scale. Opercular scales average 239 µm in length, body wall scales range in breadth from 117 - 217 µm and very small spindles ~ 28 µm in length." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314881" pageId="57" pageNumber="240">Figures 34A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="FC69A5A07F3D8DA14E127484DD2EC031" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982. A Light microscopy array, 4 x magnification, showing variety of large scales (body wall, coenenchymal, opercular, etc.) as well as very small coenenchymal rod-like sclerites B Array of representative scales, 10 x magnification, SBMNH 422982; a abaxial body wall scale, indicated by arrow b possible inner lateral or abaxial from polyp base c outer lateral scale d opercular scale. Opercular scales average 239 µm in length, body wall scales range in breadth from 117 - 217 µm and very small spindles ~ 28 µm in length." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314881" pageId="57" pageNumber="240">Figures 34A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="57" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="FFEBEBCE7A32E9ABEEB2844BAD9ABDBC" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="57" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
35
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AA7B9B6BD8D5FE531CE39AE6BCB5A096" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
) predominantly scales, flattened (sometimes oblong, fusiform; some appearing as flattened caveman clubs) on stem and branches, with long tooth-like spines, and radiating ribs. Outer sclerite surface may also have many small to medium-sized warts, bumps and granules. Scales im
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="241" start="start">bricating</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="D19E000CF0A0E8906E27EA6657EF2B16" pageId="58" pageNumber="241" start="start">bricating</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
(like roof tiles), fan-shaped on polyp walls. Aperture edge of polyp with ctenate marginal scales, inside of which are bases of eight opercular scales; these form tall, pyramidal opercula, with height ~0.5 mm. Opercular scales (Figures 34Bd, 35D) distinctly differentiated from body scales, not overreached by marginals, not bending
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="start">inward</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="535E933573D850D6DC220B62FA139BB7" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="start">inward</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
over them. Individual opercular scales elongate triangles, especially on abaxial side, forming a conspicuous, elongated spine when polyp is fully retracted; these scales bear thickened, longitudinal ridges on their inner surface, ending with truncated points. Opercular scales up to ~0.65 mm long by 0.2 mm wide at broader end; adaxial opercular scales much smaller. Upper layer (ring) of marginal scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Figure 35E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="092A1784A12F1FC6606F77293D322010" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Figure 35E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) large, with radiating ribs, furrowed at their edge; others (proceeding proximally) show these markings feebly, if at all. Longitudinal rows of scales on polyp body commonly numbering seven (rarely eight), best seen on abaxial and lateral sides (inner lateral scales number four on each side of polyp); only abaxial rows of body scales complete. Adaxial rows reduced or absent; if present, generally two scales placed distally, two proximally, revealing large area of naked adaxial wall; thus, total number of scales within a row varies, but typically eight (with six to nine possible) scales in row; most numerous on exposed, abaxial side. Largest body wall scales, abaxial (Figures 34Ba, b, 35E); abaxial scales near tip of polyp smaller, those of adaxial side up to ~0.1 mm across by 0.1 mm tall. Lateral scales slightly smaller (Figure 34Bc). Coenenchymal sclerites (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6837696CC5D629401B3F32DA89097D7F" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
Figure 35
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BA3132525A59F3212E6D2D1060CBB22E" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
) dense, as elongated, nearly spindle-shaped rods often covered with numerous thorns or prickles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="Figure 33" startId="F33">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<caption id="C5C7AE2AAEE28B2A6A506A6E7BE0CE7E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="Figure 33" startId="F33">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2313364A3121D7305F3B3B9F2F0C5BC3" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
Figure 33.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="00903A72813B6BFD1548CC6CB0D81D0F" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="26870514E6640FBF873AD5354D9D3E66" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, SBMNH 422990.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D18F821471691FB52EFE8AD161C2ABEF" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Colony; height (base missing) ~30 cm
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="46341754AF1DE6AF25FD824F1868FA55" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">B</emphasis>
|
||||
SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314881" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<caption id="4B5CAB4B364EC4D1D4C124F5C7C4DB50" doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314881" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8864949AD1B7764E144A62489E78C881" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
Figure 34.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7583F6C3E7809E9FE18C057E0D0F494E" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7CB9B113DBD95F4AC418374A51038F9E" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, SBMNH 422982.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="517AD3AB7B093F86C8A0C32F8D244D52" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Light microscopy array, 4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="91AD0688BA02B3822A6D38D2CC960A24" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
magnification, showing variety of large scales (body wall, coenenchymal, opercular, etc.) as well as very small coenenchymal rod-like sclerites
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="11160D8F5D85FB5B2E157C73755D6833" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">B</emphasis>
|
||||
Array of representative scales, 10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AB55921F755CB87613F6D945968E2C2F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
magnification, SBMNH 422982;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">a</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CAA4C4665966402EB84361BAC07C18C4" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">a</emphasis>
|
||||
abaxial body wall scale, indicated by arrow
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">b</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D6DF79CE757099717092240BD4C07892" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">b</emphasis>
|
||||
possible inner lateral or abaxial from polyp base
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">c</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="21F0D62A891AEEE4FDDECF8DE3BC28A5" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">c</emphasis>
|
||||
outer lateral scale
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">d</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA4047CBF02A677658F4D4B22CC7FC87" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">d</emphasis>
|
||||
opercular scale. Opercular scales average 239
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0A3401F66C62FBEAB871F17B312EE231" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in length, body wall scales range in breadth from 117-217
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ACC857E5718AF858AA3503F7B5E52998" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and very small spindles ~28
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="59526DB9787AA31D006779D80AA023B3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in length.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="Figure 35" startId="F35">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<caption id="EEE6F459A43BFEA7E136E81BFDD2A442" doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="Figure 35" startId="F35">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2EBC157BFD21756B2263F24FD3A41E6C" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
Figure 35.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7147230A2E858EC91F03A5044FE3B95A" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="191F19CA99358796DC8688263A72FB2F" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, SBMNH 422982, SEM image.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AB327EFA4BCE7DBF4CFCB5B48B402AC4" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Small, developing coenenchymal rods
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="15A9C89D9C07DCADF4DB4FBDC8AA658A" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">B</emphasis>
|
||||
Very flattened,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“odd”">"odd"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E25D1733B8303D96B0E39326F2F17995" originalValue="“odd”">"odd"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
coenenchymal rods
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B4ADCF059D1D165665545AECF4203BA7" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C</emphasis>
|
||||
Coenenchymal rods
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CB3CF60DAC16B783D018F13F49E904ED" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">D</emphasis>
|
||||
Opercular scales
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C5B7AF9442E54DB99F91102B20B3DFB3" bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">E</emphasis>
|
||||
Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Named in honor of Kumao Kinoshita of Japan (Cairns 2018).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="265A67D834BB3A458F1364F71AB821FF" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CD637009DC37A3CF6F331BD12141B5BD" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CDD600287C812F72E73AEAB18B9028F6" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Named in honor of Kumao Kinoshita of Japan (Cairns 2018).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3FE5A92656436A50C4C4D0F712297B09" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C203D04D31870CB2AA8144D86F89EFEF" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="99900CE15D7C7FAC2F15C782CF38727B" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8ADA872E07BA6B06C584853A00134CCD" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4358113671D4E40BD2719116C424EA4" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to extend from Monterey Bay to as far south as Chile, based on collection location data found recorded at several institutions (see Appendix 3: List of material examined). Based on specimens housed in SBMNH collection, it would appear that the species does extend further north, into waters off Oregon and Washington (USA).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="690E05F95C0E1BCD3E8AD0C7F1478F57" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A1D88D5937687A507B6D201210368A45" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F4F6B9F3C4BFC636F30882C00E560C0F" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
Generally found in deep water (averaging 800-1,000 meters). Intertwined amongst branches may be found moderate to large
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" lsidName="Calcaxonia" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="class">Ophiuroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F735A89410B24172AEA8CDBD8761ABC2" class="Ophiuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calcaxonia" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Ophiuroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, along with either what appear to be anemones (quite large, very fleshy and wrinkled) and/or possibly a type of acorn barnacle, attached to stems and branches.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="59" pageNumber="242" refId="B127">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3A8871C317F603D989084CD129E58431" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A63E7CB637A53EA4D43E578D6F8F667" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D010F63A35017A3F017E237F7F4E275D" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E2E8EC0547260F29C6F3A460F83C9528" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" refId="B127">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4E28223E64473E5633CC7CC337BCF9F0" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1919
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="59" pageNumber="242" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="353AE73C62D3A2BD9210014572491D0F" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) speculated that the species
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kinoshitae" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">C. kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E78F2CACBF69602FD37720B67829F709" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CBA5F1CCE8BB83B7A1217EFDCC07D042" lsidName="C. kinoshitae" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">C. kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(i)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
might be a junior synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia sertosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Caligorgia sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="68B8B857FD776ADEE88863F004672D41" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia sertosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6D74432A817561FFE771E686D0920E66" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Caligorgia sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wright & Studer, 1889 (note error in spelling of genus name), as described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DE40639A68E181D8E4BBC67EEE3D82BE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C14ED53AA63A57CD1876A6288BBA1686" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
indicated five localities for what he called
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E971CF9A2EDE61D0A5DC4324A7D2B779" lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D680B86F5E3855BA2F7BD7995DD7E8CB" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, all in the vicinity of USA, California, San Diego, Point Loma light-house. Nutting also established the type for
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD0129DC0DFFAD27CA28808BEFC43273" lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="07450054106D12CDB1BECE2701C691A1" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, that being collected at Station 192, off Kei Island, South Pacific, 255 m, by R/V
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Challenger’">'Challenger'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4054B4B7BC9557127A3F8E991283F82B" originalValue="‘Challenger’">'Challenger'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Perhaps
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nutting’s">Nutting's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="609B8EB35027962981AA21774E415835" originalValue="Nutting’s">Nutting's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
specimens from the San Diego area should be ascribed to this species rather than to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EC9DC8458144EFFF5EF1EE713C43ED98" lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="98DABAECBD5889C9EE72594ABB45C2EF" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In any event, the two are indeed separate species. Researchers with greater exposure to, and expertise on, this species (SD Cairns) should be consulted regarding legitimacy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2DBAA105B41C6D72AC4640B356A5E90D" lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EFA3A36247F08EB2E031F9AB4AAD0477" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as senior synonym. Cordeiro et al. (2019) does not show this synonymy in the WoRMS Database. Earlier descriptions for both
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kinoshitae" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">C. kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6A5E80C534A7F73198773F9C6EDD57E7" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F2346EBBC6821BC985227567ABD0F276" lsidName="C. kinoshitae" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">C. kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(i)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="388D3AB8013992C77FB1671CC87F1B33" lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="425BA0434DA778D4E7DD4D58D1729F19" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
found in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="59" pageNumber="242" refId="B127">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="ABC38F688717C74A465B9941330E4253" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" refId="B127">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9695508E26EFB647D8BD21E6A3A446FD" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1919)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
clearly indicated the distinct differences used to distinguish between these two species. Based on locations of collection events, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0EC15FF716DB68DCA19C68C5E6D07225" lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5C2A273B4A0F39DE6D8B9F1A157D6E9D" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
having its type collected from Kei Island in the South Pacific, the two appear to be separate, distinct species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,107 +1,107 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE9070072A17692486E07EB4B9908238" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE9070072A17692486E07EB4B9908238" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
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<taxonomicName LSID="EE9070072A17692486E07EB4B9908238" authority="Versluys, 1906" authorityName="Versluys" authorityYear="1906" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Parastenella Versluys, 1906</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="EE9070072A17692486E07EB4B9908238" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE9070072A17692486E07EB4B9908238" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE9070072A17692486E07EB4B9908238" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Primnoidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8966847083811F1EFC98494D28A1755D" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="86591E77DFD75908E8F6D4F75E2D25D9" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="6B227247173F05AF86D2B76E326E8397" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" start="start">Genus</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="71E2F5A988E0D6B58A49FF75AA3A04E0" ID-CoL="84S9N" LSID="EE9070072A17692486E07EB4B9908238" authority="Versluys, 1906" authorityName="Versluys" authorityYear="1906" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Parastenella Versluys, 1906</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B1D9CF3DAE65E3F447D16F80D2C0EA89" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6F7113C130375118738FC58D8CA07389" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
non
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stenella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="55D4F3D742E05CE15FF15CCAED5E77C8" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stenella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1866: 213 [a cetacean].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stenella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6BFA02D76F57683D667475DD8FB54BD8" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4EF7265D5254FF673EED891A10155B3" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stenella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1870: 48. Studer 1878 [1879]: 643; 1887: 50.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BFF9FDD5C16C5A11C05CD1A9751CE9AE" author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 56 [pars;
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. doederleini" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" rank="species" species="doederleini">S. doederleini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="579B86433FDFC2B0FB480770F4BA2DA6" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. doederleini" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="doederleini">S. doederleini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. spinosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" rank="species" species="spinosa">S. spinosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3E02BF0021E4BFED6101CE92452395F0" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. spinosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinosa">S. spinosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">Kinoshita 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="440F35F407357F3854287BA77D339CA8" author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">Kinoshita 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 27, 28.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger," pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="142 - 158" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" refId="B126" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915b. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46: 142 - 158" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" volume="46" year="1915 b">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DDA338978C16A8C43E36B2BE5168403B" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger," pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="142 - 158" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" refId="B126" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915b. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46: 142 - 158" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" volume="46" year="1915 b">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="936D5663C6ACB56FCAE29DEC976F3FE4" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1915b
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 151, 152 [pars]; 1919: 443-445 [pars; key to species]; 1924: 303 [pars; key to species]. Molander 1929: [pars]. Aurivillius, 1931: 289, 290 [pars].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella (Parastenella)" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parastenella">Stenella (Parastenella)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="89AE30F21C755B254E5AEA70B3734D2A" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CF81DF2AD8ECD9D514E8A4B11E8D13F5" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella (Parastenella)" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parastenella">Stenella (Parastenella)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Versluys, 1906: 39, 45.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Candidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Candidella (Parastenella)" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parastenella">Candidella (Parastenella)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FAFEC8F5967974A8DB0CA6FFF78CCBC5" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="764E08055B0A8912F4CF49B97DC57266" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Candidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Candidella (Parastenella)" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parastenella">Candidella (Parastenella)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Bayer, 1956: F222.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Parastenella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="740A46CA047B97DA8B59898550FDD928" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DEC0032347941D70DA04022980ED8A52" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Parastenella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Bayer, 1961: 295 [ill. key to genus]; 1981: 936 [key to genus]. Bayer and Stefani 1988: 454 [key to genus].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molecular Evolution" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B31" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007a. . https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2" url="https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2" year="2007 a">Cairns 2007a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F6A7BA88C1D60A1C1C3A7435CEE997C3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molecular Evolution" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B31" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007a. . https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2" url="https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2" year="2007 a">Cairns 2007a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 245-247;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E31ABF830829E59646A70DB9E840D593" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 518. Table 2 [generic revision, tabular key to species].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E2FC5FE7A0800B2BBE2D56399B4952B0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 31, 45, 46.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/64.3.413" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="413 - 440" refId="B33" refString="Cairns, SD, 2010. Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and Adjacent Seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella. . Pacific Science 64: 413 - 440" title="Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and Adjacent Seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella." url="https://doi.org/10.2984/64.3.413" volume="64" year="2010">Cairns 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D4FF74B06F5B1EC384A8278433D2B933" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/64.3.413" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="413 - 440" refId="B33" refString="Cairns, SD, 2010. Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and Adjacent Seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella. . Pacific Science 64: 413 - 440" title="Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and Adjacent Seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella." url="https://doi.org/10.2984/64.3.413" volume="64" year="2010">Cairns 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 434 [key to species]; 2011: 23; 2016: 94-96
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella doederleini" order="Cetacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Stenella doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D95849C4B69240F43F79F10AB15E5331" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="140A094FBBE9499C167ADC37638E4C74" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CCCFF763838C12F88121059AB2EC1130" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A0F81099548E1AD796D2350A7B887B97" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenella doederleini" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9DA216E05F6EFE43D2BB83C9F72212CA" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Stenella doederleini</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wright & Studer, 1889; subsequent designation
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="60" pageNumber="243" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4D786676925665C64D1DBDE319EC061A" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
a.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Colonies primarily branched, planar dichotomous; occasionally slightly bushy. Polyps arranged in either whorls of up to four, in pairs, or isolated, generally standing perpendicular to branch. Operculum well developed, opercular scales decidedly keeled on inner surface. Marginal scales eight, in alternate position with respect to opercular scales. All polyps, generally, completely covered with five to eight longitudinal rows of body wall scales; outer surfaces covered with small granules. Coenenchymal scales arranged in one layer. Tentacular rods sometimes present.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7D45A5D91130D5DD70D9D15334B0F678" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="406FCC08925BEF7D75D8A8925D80D4A7" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0829A8C3E3724758B326B7F159F89691" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Colonies primarily branched, planar dichotomous; occasionally slightly bushy. Polyps arranged in either whorls of up to four, in pairs, or isolated, generally standing perpendicular to branch. Operculum well developed, opercular scales decidedly keeled on inner surface. Marginal scales eight, in alternate position with respect to opercular scales. All polyps, generally, completely covered with five to eight longitudinal rows of body wall scales; outer surfaces covered with small granules. Coenenchymal scales arranged in one layer. Tentacular rods sometimes present.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Genus holds accepted status, shown in WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="936BF74B82E1EC9D16B8CC8E6A696DD6" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE43DBA8D847683666EF141B658E37B4" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="89CC83378BBC4F8C2D43EC726BA3ECF1" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Genus holds accepted status, shown in WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,211 +1,211 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
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<mods:title id="6E6E927158F45E4B680CF971EAA36E30">A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="860B8DBDDA93751A546C0744F827DF8A">Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3735499B016FE1468BBE2FEC39FC6625">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>860</mods:number>
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<mods:date id="5ADA6E35EB317383626E8BFB982B1277">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="08E9557525A57F642806BD0D0EA84F90">860</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525274" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F3B5374542C2251D0A29E46B814C3B9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3B5374542C2251D0A29E46B814C3B9F" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F3B5374542C2251D0A29E46B814C3B9F" authority="Cairns, 2007" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2007" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">Parastenella pacifica Cairns, 2007</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. A Colony (attachment base missing), ~ 15 cm x 13 cm, at widest point B Branch tip close-up." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314883" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Figures 36A, B</figureCitation>
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||||
<treatment id="F3B5374542C2251D0A29E46B814C3B9F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525274" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F3B5374542C2251D0A29E46B814C3B9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3B5374542C2251D0A29E46B814C3B9F" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Primnoidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="44DEC2391B7CF6E0F971134B2773ADBC" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="647C29BA20504E6275847AF1749197CA" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="642B0FA20B33DF40835A26EB6DEC61F6" ID-CoL="4DD3Z" LSID="F3B5374542C2251D0A29E46B814C3B9F" authority="Cairns, 2007" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2007" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">Parastenella pacifica Cairns, 2007</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BAAA7D76861F253F4A402F910D4F7D3C" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. A Colony (attachment base missing), ~ 15 cm x 13 cm, at widest point B Branch tip close-up." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314883" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Figures 36A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. Light microscopy arrays, scleritic scales. A An assortment a possible marginal scale b abaxial body wall scale c opercular scale B 10 x-magnified image; marginal scale C 10 x-magnified image; opercular scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314884" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="14F76099C8FB11DA0BDAAFD357D22FD0" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. Light microscopy arrays, scleritic scales. A An assortment a possible marginal scale b abaxial body wall scale c opercular scale B 10 x-magnified image; marginal scale C 10 x-magnified image; opercular scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314884" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
37
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="765AAF539D79E28BD5D5AA1F51A4A76E" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983, SEM image. A Abaxial body wall scales B Coenenchymal scale C Marginal scales D Opercular scales E Pinnular sclerites. Compare to those shown in Cairns 2007 (Figure 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314885" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="907F1717CA07A9422B49FD6E88587F4A" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983, SEM image. A Abaxial body wall scales B Coenenchymal scale C Marginal scales D Opercular scales E Pinnular sclerites. Compare to those shown in Cairns 2007 (Figure 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314885" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
38
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2A279B32E3A576D173356D1F82261A91" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">Parastenella pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F6E966C6FBF33D610EB0053904AF5301" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0858AA49C4ED2B31A3287F054DA407FD" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34A4AD5648C1349779F85295AEA69FB3" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">Parastenella pacifica</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cairns, 2007b: 526, 527; figs 1C; 8, 9.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FC61400E05F957A4C381DB78C3DBA306" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AEFEB446AE6B0D18FB83248FF7010EE9" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="399530F38EDEB0BFE83A8282564F04B6" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
USA, Oregon, west of Cape Meares,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="45.42167">45°25'18"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="651721754F5D1D4DCC3B612E3391ADB2" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="45.42167">45°25'18"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="125" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-125.18361">125°11'01"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="11B772351F7136497A29B62A291E8020" degrees="125" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-125.18361">125°11'01"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 1498-1527 m.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="type specimen">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Type specimen.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D8514EF5427A2E7A6EC2A5C93D3F9425" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="type specimen">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2EB3694E729FF39C97062A4F50DAA24C" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Type specimen.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D900AFA71794ADC8B346F31CA08DC7E2" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E9328A82AB727AEF368072024ACFD63A" bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
USNM 1071799 [dry]; type was not examined.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">1 lot (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DD8F3494F2A40EB9B4BE400193202496" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5A7C9F51C757A2C67390C00C2EA6D6C" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="99EFC4945C7C70E053AFDB443BC3D5B9" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">1 lot (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Colony</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1705BEF2FDF174A727D394A4DC10A753" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="60" pageNumber="243" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AD96961D31E390CC19E90F8E170D8741" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="97E643EE19558DC65F7F1FC8613D3116" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<emphasis id="66010A94CC3BC6790B4F56F4D23B0053" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Colony</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. A Colony (attachment base missing), ~ 15 cm x 13 cm, at widest point B Branch tip close-up." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314883" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Figure 36A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7E6F9D1F174E25D44CAF3B067F605D10" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. A Colony (attachment base missing), ~ 15 cm x 13 cm, at widest point B Branch tip close-up." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314883" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Figure 36A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with dichotomous branching, somewhat irregular, generally in one plane; some SBMNH specimens slightly bushy, flabellate, up to +30 cm in height (next largest, 14 cm tall). In largest colonies branchlet tips tend to droop down, curling slightly back on themselves (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. A Colony (attachment base missing), ~ 15 cm x 13 cm, at widest point B Branch tip close-up." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314883" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Figure 36A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8BEC7C10E7D1B83EFBCDE9E1C6B4EEB3" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. A Colony (attachment base missing), ~ 15 cm x 13 cm, at widest point B Branch tip close-up." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314883" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Figure 36A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); branching intervals vary from ~3.5 cm distance at lower end of main stem (near base) to less than 1.0 cm near branch/branchlet tips. Polyps (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. A Colony (attachment base missing), ~ 15 cm x 13 cm, at widest point B Branch tip close-up." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314883" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Figure 36B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9607A633F9DA9429D0D1B77D57B583E9" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. A Colony (attachment base missing), ~ 15 cm x 13 cm, at widest point B Branch tip close-up." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314883" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">Figure 36B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with opercula well differentiated; usually spaced 0.5-1.5 mm apart in/as singles, pairs or whorls of up to three, erect (perpendicular to axis), or slightly bent downward toward stem. Polyp height 2.0-3.5 cm, flared distally with slender, delicate stalk, heavily armored with calcareous scales. Polyps found on numerous branches, tending to favor one side of colony. Axis as described for family; visible through single layer of white, translucent coenenchymal scales; dark to light brown in color. Color of living colony (?)cream or white; in alcohol, cream to light tan. Sclerites are scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. Light microscopy arrays, scleritic scales. A An assortment a possible marginal scale b abaxial body wall scale c opercular scale B 10 x-magnified image; marginal scale C 10 x-magnified image; opercular scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314884" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7A5B71CC8146491BC65B81DAC0A306F3" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figure 37. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983. Light microscopy arrays, scleritic scales. A An assortment a possible marginal scale b abaxial body wall scale c opercular scale B 10 x-magnified image; marginal scale C 10 x-magnified image; opercular scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314884" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
Figures 37
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2320E8FAE32D811EB3F94DB841509509" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983, SEM image. A Abaxial body wall scales B Coenenchymal scale C Marginal scales D Opercular scales E Pinnular sclerites. Compare to those shown in Cairns 2007 (Figure 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314885" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E68041E47180E50266AA1C025A62F0F3" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983, SEM image. A Abaxial body wall scales B Coenenchymal scale C Marginal scales D Opercular scales E Pinnular sclerites. Compare to those shown in Cairns 2007 (Figure 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314885" pageId="60" pageNumber="243">
|
||||
38
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CE0F97C9960CC26A543ECC317F7DB136" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
); marginal scales (standard number eight) alternating in position from opercular scales (latter forming
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="61" pageNumber="244" start="start">distinct</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="15DB655B94F8F08D4C2CC2F3921B44BD" pageId="61" pageNumber="244" start="start">distinct</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
operculum, creating obvious projection out from polyp). Marginal scales (Figures 37Aa, 37B, 38C) all of similar shape and size, most showing broad, shallow apical flute; these generate symmetrical rosette when viewed from above. Submarginal body wall scales (Figures 37Ab, 38A) roughly arranged in eight longitudinal rows, each row with three to four scales that appear to overlap those in adjacent rows; distal end obviously rounded, no fluting apparent; flutes absent on submarginal abaxial body wall
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="62" pageNumber="245" start="start">scales</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="3AAF69233AB92C52E2BDC9815EF48CE6" pageId="62" pageNumber="245" start="start">scales</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
. Otherwise, polyp completely covered with body wall scales, including adaxial region. Opercular scales (Figures 37Ac, 37C, 38D) alternate with marginal scales (as opposed to overlapping them) around polyp; triangular shape, prominently keeled on inner surface; most all of similar size (0.5 mm in length, on average). Coenenchymal scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983, SEM image. A Abaxial body wall scales B Coenenchymal scale C Marginal scales D Opercular scales E Pinnular sclerites. Compare to those shown in Cairns 2007 (Figure 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314885" pageId="62" pageNumber="245">Figure 38B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AAC21C415D776E6AA3B645F5C1B5F306" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983, SEM image. A Abaxial body wall scales B Coenenchymal scale C Marginal scales D Opercular scales E Pinnular sclerites. Compare to those shown in Cairns 2007 (Figure 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314885" pageId="62" pageNumber="245">Figure 38B</figureCitation>
|
||||
, possibly) generally elliptical, very evident on branches (resembling
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="63" pageNumber="246" start="start">sea</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="66665CA25D13C2812D3F06F83D62D315" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" start="start">sea</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
pansy rachis or water lily pad), in one thin layer; few with irregular shape. Pinnular sclerites (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983, SEM image. A Abaxial body wall scales B Coenenchymal scale C Marginal scales D Opercular scales E Pinnular sclerites. Compare to those shown in Cairns 2007 (Figure 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314885" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Figure 38E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="125DCBEE0C77B02DC019C9DEC2794D7E" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Parastenella pacifica, SBMNH 422983, SEM image. A Abaxial body wall scales B Coenenchymal scale C Marginal scales D Opercular scales E Pinnular sclerites. Compare to those shown in Cairns 2007 (Figure 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314885" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Figure 38E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) small rods, with granular surface.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314883" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" start="Figure 36" startId="F36">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<caption id="804EFCFA8FBCB8448A2595D387493112" doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314883" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" start="Figure 36" startId="F36">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CDA62623D05595E4E861D24F0112BCB9" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
Figure 36.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Parastenella pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A837644F292D4A65FEFC451D719C92CB" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F4C5DDA75BF7AC01C7BF1880A7104583" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Parastenella pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, SBMNH 422983.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="986E3E589278902234B6CB73CD012FF0" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Colony (attachment base missing), ~15 cm
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7C0EFAA5F282AFBEFBDBE32A49662EAC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
13 cm, at widest point
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D8EF97D589AE020D35EAA5A72DD17432" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">B</emphasis>
|
||||
Branch tip close-up.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314884" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" start="Figure 37" startId="F37">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<caption id="4FF45A310BE93C4B47D8463D1A4C0168" doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314884" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" start="Figure 37" startId="F37">
|
||||
<paragraph id="18653CD25BC9C3BD81F562A109E2C0FA" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
Figure 37.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Parastenella pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D27449EEF99C14185B1E1B30CE66261" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4BB518AD228A0ED978BEA503957CE9AE" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Parastenella pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, SBMNH 422983. Light microscopy arrays, scleritic scales.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CB7D16C800F87AFF6C0E6F933BCCFE7" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
|
||||
An assortment
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">a</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0DF6643FE3F301290A18B58B813B22F4" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">a</emphasis>
|
||||
possible marginal scale
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">b</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BE3DE57D3224DB15AAD80D8949767FD4" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">b</emphasis>
|
||||
abaxial body wall scale
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">c</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CA4E97FAF67B7E37F5BB41B5A30455DA" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">c</emphasis>
|
||||
opercular scale
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2D94826D05116802083281F8042D1BE5" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">B</emphasis>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×-magnified">x-magnified</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AA85AC03C63F70B0DFB423B7864194C4" originalValue="×-magnified">x-magnified</normalizedToken>
|
||||
image; marginal scale
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="068A09EEB4FA66529583F2E1D7739736" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">C</emphasis>
|
||||
10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×-magnified">x-magnified</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="01ECF33BA5564E3B55F0D4A71B9F120D" originalValue="×-magnified">x-magnified</normalizedToken>
|
||||
image; opercular scale.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314885" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" start="Figure 38" startId="F38">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<caption id="10C864B276DF6BA131FEE1EA8481C74E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314885" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" start="Figure 38" startId="F38">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5AE7E13887C24CA2561CF7BCE79BFCA" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
Figure 38.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Parastenella pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24669CC1DA675EEC1936C30FE2B3E25C" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pacifica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="64B424D8C603B943D55C47B8A8ADF94C" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Parastenella pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, SBMNH 422983, SEM image.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D07FB64A606EF396D8F5D4E64CCDC5D" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Abaxial body wall scales
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="77A551EC99AE010D4D922957E8E2CFC8" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">B</emphasis>
|
||||
Coenenchymal scale
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A1A7FC3E215C16A2BAC8BF56DAEC2DE" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">C</emphasis>
|
||||
Marginal scales
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CB657BE7B8544EA04367B3DDE660B97D" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">D</emphasis>
|
||||
Opercular scales
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="86403C99AB22F63D1F6EED62BA0D1835" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">E</emphasis>
|
||||
Pinnular sclerites. Compare to those shown in Cairns 2007 (
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Swiftia simplex, specimen 81 - 99 B- 1 (Alaska Fisheries Service), light microscopy arrays. A 4 x magnification, showing long, slender spindles and anthocodial fingerbiscuit-rods B 10 x magnification of sclerites, emphasizing fingerbiscuit-rods of anthocodium. These rods measure between 340 - 350 µm, while long, thin spindles measure between 430 - 500 µm. Specimen provided by Bob Stone, Alaska Fisheries Service." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314856" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A393E2F7D7163D2F8EEBB7CAA035200E" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Swiftia simplex, specimen 81 - 99 B- 1 (Alaska Fisheries Service), light microscopy arrays. A 4 x magnification, showing long, slender spindles and anthocodial fingerbiscuit-rods B 10 x magnification of sclerites, emphasizing fingerbiscuit-rods of anthocodium. These rods measure between 340 - 350 µm, while long, thin spindles measure between 430 - 500 µm. Specimen provided by Bob Stone, Alaska Fisheries Service." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314856" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C45A833E79B472EAE188738615E712BF" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F3AECD5D0E17A1E64B5649DF77B5F66D" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E51BFD0F928A817D11291A784426B50E" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
The species name
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6D1E9C4899BAD72A3EDFD44A84F52D58" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
- in reference to its general location; stated to be closely similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella atlantica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="atlantica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Parastenella atlantica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="760E67C41AC70872F5A867BD9CB1E25D" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella atlantica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="atlantica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CD0FC6413ABC86C36841CB7FD4F9901C" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Parastenella atlantica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BAF5CDB417197917F2D4FC60D6DC1091" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Cairns suggested that these could form a geminate (twin species) pair, differing largely in having ranges in different oceans. The species designation is listed as accepted in WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DDA6307BFD5BF62FDCA1891FED5B3683" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A13FE1F3CA606913D43A1A6ED22D81B4" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="250392B414C674A774502970A3921BEC" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
Deep-water species (~1,500-2,086 m, currently known to live on the continental slope off Oregon up to British Columbia (Queen Charlotte Islands); see Appendix 3: List of material examined. Material in the SBMNH collection came from an area north of the California
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bight’s">Bight's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8A10F2AB43D503B853855CE4103FD27B" originalValue="Bight’s">Bight's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
northern limit; whether it will be found further south (into the California Bight) remains to be seen.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DA6F5E31027F6881E06E5C20605BCE75" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="614C9921DDA6070D2EC265B4F39CB860" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C35E4223DF474E2B01F80DCDCEC153C3" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
Of the many fragments/partial colonies present in the one lot from the SBMNH collection, one of the fragments has bits of a distinguishable, pale orange ophiuroid (brittle/basket star) intertwined/tangled within it. This could either be an artifact of collection or a true living condition. The specimen from Moss Landing Marine Labs (see Appendix 3: List of material examined) also showed presence of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" lsidName="Calcaxonia" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" rank="class">Ophiuroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40BB2DAE7108EB57A44A976073069302" class="Ophiuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calcaxonia" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Ophiuroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; based on the nature of their location, etc. within the colony, likely a living situation, not an artifact.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="23CC79D4F0913D41B70AD374777F0001" pageId="63" pageNumber="246" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C5472D9747EF258418E083AB69F837D2" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="16C350E9561E73C47AB08D0778C31A4C" pageId="63" pageNumber="246">
|
||||
Sclerites in specimens from SBMNH were consistently a bit smaller than those from holotype shown in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0D68689BD7AF3ABF4FCCD0F342F2691C" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Furthermore, the SBMNH material not generally in good condition; was often difficult to get good microscopic arrays showing enough of the different forms of body wall scales (abaxials, laterals and adaxials) so as to see clear differences. The coenenchymal sclerites on branches were very evident, however, and examination of sclerites showed clearly the broad, shallow fluting. While tentacular rods are considered common in this species, sometimes very few would be found in the fragments examined; the condition of many of the polyps may partly explain their absence. Further examination of undamaged colonies, collected from the same area, may better reveal their presence.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,434 +1,434 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
|
||||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525279" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
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<treatment id="F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525279" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Plexauridae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Holaxonia">
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Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1860" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="646376BB4823E11B934062B07A63AE96" ID-CoL="87KZS" LSID="F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1860" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
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<paragraph id="C10801B7B20EFEAB3B8E56B16C401F5B" pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
|
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<taxonomicName id="641467B0EFAD3B0566AC7913A0143EAC" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BAB82C4274E09C5AE017AB85E3740A24" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(non
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9B8AE4ECA1C1F85298FE3E8E5D225C0B" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Billberg, 1820, Lesson 1830) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860: 18, 19; 1864: 12-14.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11946" author="Koelliker, RA von" journalOrPublisher="Morphologisches Jahrbucher" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" refId="B122" refString="Koelliker, RA von, 1865. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11946" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11946" year="1865">
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kölliker">Koelliker</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C0485DB8780DC40528A572A46A7182BA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11946" author="Koelliker, RA von" journalOrPublisher="Morphologisches Jahrbucher" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" refId="B122" refString="Koelliker, RA von, 1865. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11946" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11946" year="1865">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="41D2BD12F04374E5F8E091794157B22F" originalValue="Kölliker">Koelliker</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1865
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 136. [
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="811717531AAFB5D19CDD2025180A5B8E" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E9A1023465B869CDC66F44BEE915A77A" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(pars)
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5DA38FCAED2AD081398B13541F0D17B4" author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 56.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="12476E5ECC742911F08766B532863492" pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="130A8D6B667C9F70599A32F44C931147" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BF46D7D281DA5B94E1EC108ADD432210" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1919: 836.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3F989743437EC2DF20C213DE0D9023A5" pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B92A490F84F2BCCDF2084516D1C47DC0" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860: 18, 19.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B148" refString="Nutting, CC, 1912. Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer 'Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 43: 1 - 104" title="Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer ' Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" volume="43" year="1912">Nutting 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="61EC492870DC4D8041F8C79CAE7A9E82" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B148" refString="Nutting, CC, 1912. Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer 'Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 43: 1 - 104" title="Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer ' Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" volume="43" year="1912">Nutting 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 80.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="42" pageNumber="225" refId="B128">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F77322666557B4CE774032005D4DB8BB" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" refId="B128">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CACD9A3F6C9175259EE8FF225D56FB63" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1924
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 153, 154.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CA69533A2EF569C04E0CFB9C24875420" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 110-112.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="42" pageNumber="225" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F186459E2EBA212CA0EF675EB9BD1020" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: F206-F207; 1958: 50; 1981: 945.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="226" start="start">non</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0813CF08D0BEB1C2607F3028A8875532" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="0B54258B5C2930A94DEF2B7460CD350F" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" start="start">non</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A69A9E3DF80CA79BD4D319B8B27910F6" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nutting, 1910a: 50 {=
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Placogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Placogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F6FE4BC34A56AB96D9692B86DA0A707" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Placogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Placogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
}.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Riess, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="377 - 420" refId="B153" refString="Riess, M, 1929. Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kapitel 8. Die Familie Muriceidae. . Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 16: 377 - 420" title="Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kapitel 8. Die Familie Muriceidae." volume="16" year="1929">Riess 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5A4861F7DAE61451B31E0D1F0165A00D" author="Riess, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="377 - 420" refId="B153" refString="Riess, M, 1929. Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kapitel 8. Die Familie Muriceidae. . Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 16: 377 - 420" title="Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kapitel 8. Die Familie Muriceidae." volume="16" year="1929">Riess 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 401 [=
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Scleracis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scleracis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Scleracis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B535DFF7DFF0E29AA208E6575CCA4727" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Scleracis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scleracis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Scleracis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: see Deichmann, 1936: 111].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4D776135B10031496DFB3804B2DE98FC" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
non
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasma" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Elasma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E371709E386F25ABA6A4414217A8600" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasma" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Elasma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(non
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Plexauridae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E." order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" rank="genus">E.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C09AE95EEF3D48223CAC865AD74C9DBD" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E." order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">E.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Jaennicke, 1866); Studer (and Wright) 1887: 58.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<paragraph id="179ED111B38EE6F5E9338F9D79862674" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
non
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Elasmogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="004DCF02A52ABE85D5E621DDB1F2AB9F" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Elasmogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wright & Studer, 1889: 132.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hickson, SJ" journalOrPublisher=") The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes," pageId="94" pageNumber="277" pagination="807 - 826" refId="B108" refString="Hickson, SJ, 1905. The Alcyonaria of the Maldives. Part III. The families Muriceidae, Gorgonellidae, Melitodidae, and the genera Pennatula, Eunephthya. In: Gardiner, JS (Ed. .) The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, 2: 807 - 826" title="The Alcyonaria of the Maldives. Part III. The families Muriceidae, Gorgonellidae, Melitodidae, and the genera Pennatula, Eunephthya. In: Gardiner, JS (Ed." volume="2" year="1905">Hickson 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D1922C4C32F7E61C95612A2EBA086C64" author="Hickson, SJ" journalOrPublisher=") The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes," pageId="94" pageNumber="277" pagination="807 - 826" refId="B108" refString="Hickson, SJ, 1905. The Alcyonaria of the Maldives. Part III. The families Muriceidae, Gorgonellidae, Melitodidae, and the genera Pennatula, Eunephthya. In: Gardiner, JS (Ed. .) The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, 2: 807 - 826" title="The Alcyonaria of the Maldives. Part III. The families Muriceidae, Gorgonellidae, Melitodidae, and the genera Pennatula, Eunephthya. In: Gardiner, JS (Ed." volume="2" year="1905">Hickson 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 814.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="586ED8EF4678F8623334C5CCD33D4A5C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 717 (California =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5FA691B5C3EDD64243161D605197E47F" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8279" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" refId="B169" refString="Thomson, JA, Simpson, JJ, 1909. An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship 'Investigator' in the Indian Ocean. II. The alcyonarians of the littoral area. . Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta" title="An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship ' Investigator' in the Indian Ocean. II. The alcyonarians of the littoral area." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8279" year="1909">Thomson and Simpson 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="94D81B4F28A84A2B16AEBEE634BACB92" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8279" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" refId="B169" refString="Thomson, JA, Simpson, JJ, 1909. An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship 'Investigator' in the Indian Ocean. II. The alcyonarians of the littoral area. . Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta" title="An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship ' Investigator' in the Indian Ocean. II. The alcyonarians of the littoral area." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8279" year="1909">Thomson and Simpson 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 238.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" refId="B145" refString="Nutting, CC, 1910a. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" year="1910 a">Nutting 1910a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1F8B8705F5D9CC2689A4A3F9A773E636" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" refId="B145" refString="Nutting, CC, 1910a. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" year="1910 a">Nutting 1910a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 45.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" refId="B168" refString="Thomson, JA, Russell, ES, 1910. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" year="1910">Thomson and Russell 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DD6B3E4EB41854FE466FE1757094DC92" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" refId="B168" refString="Thomson, JA, Russell, ES, 1910. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" year="1910">Thomson and Russell 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 159.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B148" refString="Nutting, CC, 1912. Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer 'Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 43: 1 - 104" title="Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer ' Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" volume="43" year="1912">Nutting 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A3290565ADECA3F14E31CE95E6D7FBA7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B148" refString="Nutting, CC, 1912. Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer 'Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 43: 1 - 104" title="Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer ' Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" volume="43" year="1912">Nutting 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 85.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B127">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CD98F3DFFFA727C5AB7E5A17C9B0A7FF" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B127">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="57472556F9236CC1237CF9F8D7C571CD" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1919
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 752, 836;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="59115D72BDA0254B237CF104AA5F204D" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(pars): 148].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B165">Thomson and Dean 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F090B4F86859B85EAF22E43BFB646710" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B165">Thomson and Dean 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 199.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="256082C3EF8558680DA585BD275A1C3E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 4.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Evacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Evacis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Evacis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="407FC729C4F1C970010276C550334FE9" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5E916257C056A29F05AFDF9897D996F7" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Evacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Evacis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Evacis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(nomen nudum) Verrill, 1912: 373, 377 [Des. Deichmann, 1936].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Plexauridae" genus="Euacis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euacis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" rank="genus">Euacis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B2FB18DEDA9FCFD44D421861C88A1D0B" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E9E2F805E94C4E277296CF685A61E84B" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euacis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Euacis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Aurivillius, 1931: 126.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Filigella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D8A3C23B4474DC7FB7DDD843AA1BF878" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5E34290E2FA4235FF2745F0E7CA9E032" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Filigella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1868: 443. Kinoshita (pars) 1909: 1.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B180">Verrill 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9898818C9B37055FAE739468D189711E" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B180">Verrill 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 389.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B127">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B21898F9EAFFBC30098D667A5F7020DE" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B127">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1E6DC49F18C6E7FF9E4036D7FE55B6B4" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1919
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 762, 844.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B2">Aurivillius 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5F5E924D78363B99DD422BBB5440877F" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B2">Aurivillius 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 126-129.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="492C93D4FEC8F86D8FD0894B91CB3589" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 147.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E5D0E8609FB8A37DCF25CF1F69DD61C7" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: F206.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B141">Muzik 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0A76CE95BB869AE1946691C89BF30B29" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B141">Muzik 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 142, 143;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B51FEB756B726EB950948C066A589AAC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 2, 16, 19.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<paragraph id="803CB92E1AA96276D3584119679C0E47" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
non
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Filigella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="70E98B31005413ACBCF618D5DD79F5D9" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Filigella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Elasmogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="04B7FD7F922F5ED69A6E4B74D0BA6D9F" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Elasmogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kinoshita, 1909: 1, 4, 5.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B128">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BA820DE12057254E3E9240DEC62401A9" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B128">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6CA620845723305FC22C1F47ABD2C2BD" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1924
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 148.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Heterogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FD022426177E4D02A8C2FA98A649775A" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BA377DC52B40182EFC34B5B5BC35C6AB" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Heterogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(pars) Verrill, 1868c: 413.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" refId="B145" refString="Nutting, CC, 1910a. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" year="1910 a">Nutting 1910a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7234F5D3E327390B5A220FD4CEC2B717" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" refId="B145" refString="Nutting, CC, 1910a. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" year="1910 a">Nutting 1910a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 87.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="226" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea exserta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exserta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea exserta</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DFE670C236F33202BC5F0FD1B31BFF9F" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="68CC08424FB06F63D2E898E0F0D9C4CD" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EFA935E447F7699BFFB64D131D37E2B7" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3A38A0D10EC15A38DD8960BBD9B4306" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea exserta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exserta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F6CBC429F087BF109D9169DA3F9EABCF" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea exserta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 (non
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia exserta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exserta">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Gorgonia exserta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ABE5EA4280167682EFDF757F85876643" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia exserta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exserta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="168C500638D0F54BA6C4B0DCCAA21F8B" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Gorgonia exserta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ellis & Solander, 1786) =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea guadalupensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="guadalupensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea guadalupensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C61C8C705707A8CC1973C8FA7D8F69EB" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea guadalupensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="guadalupensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0F7060CCB93AE5B0EBE166CC979B8250" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea guadalupensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="226" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Colonies moderately threadlike, some (rare) sparsely branched in one plane; slightly flexible branches slender, long, each ascending to slightly expanded, stout, possibly truncated, distal branch tip; terminates with flattened arrow-head-like tip; proximal end, when free, also drawn into arrow-head (looking as distal end), or with small attachment disk; axis horny; coenenchyme thin. Calyces distinct, roughly placed alternately; low-domed with eight marginal teeth formed by simple converging spindles. Sclerites of coenenchyme in two layers: outer one containing large, spheroidal/oval or plate-like bodies, outer faces of which are commonly undulated, generating a wash-board appearance (key sclerite form for genus); inner layer including warted spindles of smaller diameter.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CF68885F8012A479C38C0FE690793AAF" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="99C1D6B2F47E24863E21D026A79400AA" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C3430DD10C0A972597C44AB3344119AA" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Colonies moderately threadlike, some (rare) sparsely branched in one plane; slightly flexible branches slender, long, each ascending to slightly expanded, stout, possibly truncated, distal branch tip; terminates with flattened arrow-head-like tip; proximal end, when free, also drawn into arrow-head (looking as distal end), or with small attachment disk; axis horny; coenenchyme thin. Calyces distinct, roughly placed alternately; low-domed with eight marginal teeth formed by simple converging spindles. Sclerites of coenenchyme in two layers: outer one containing large, spheroidal/oval or plate-like bodies, outer faces of which are commonly undulated, generating a wash-board appearance (key sclerite form for genus); inner layer including warted spindles of smaller diameter.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B119" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1909. On some muriceid corals belonging to the genera Filigella and Acis. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 27: 1 - 16" title="On some muriceid corals belonging to the genera Filigella and Acis." volume="27" year="1909">Kinoshita (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="96C07F213F08B5EB0E34A52350380CE6" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="74993D62F104CE62AD2654EFED8DAC06" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6892C47817A713C6664421C2B0EBA58B" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="18436474A07E245372588F850328B735" author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B119" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1909. On some muriceid corals belonging to the genera Filigella and Acis. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 27: 1 - 16" title="On some muriceid corals belonging to the genera Filigella and Acis." volume="27" year="1909">Kinoshita (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B2">Aurivillius (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7B35C8E816A4AB048C962934FB44896F" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B2">Aurivillius (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
considered the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6ED350BEF45620FA87451DE74E9AF236" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0DA2357A495346EBD910657301CC7CBE" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
synonymous with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="99D4FF89641F3699F0E79A06470C1C8F" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="39C3C9388945B559BC84308FDA648284" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This synonymy was called into question by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7AB8ECC3345254A94BACB11996B5368D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in statements made regarding two distinct species. They stated that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella mitsukurii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4979DDF5BE9F49371FC95685AA468AB9" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella mitsukurii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="48EEED9F6BB62E8D90766B89E720CD6E" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is actually
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplexaura mitsukurii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Euplexaura mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE11E0E2BC672C115A8F2C5417D35C4C" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplexaura mitsukurii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA64C4DD120F8C37FC91096EE155CDB2" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Euplexaura mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and that there is only one species in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0A9140732BA44C3AE8143CA247B20263" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6B37491F43EF0E20EEE90AC48B71AB52" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, that being
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia filiformis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia filiformis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="741D6A4570C2AC8987BED38726B5C90D" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia filiformis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="55FB181C70DF7D1269E4A0051EE2565D" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia filiformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wright & Studer, 1889 (closely resembling a species in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Astrogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Astrogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D9B7D81E23FD466491C2FD6F2F757A9D" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Astrogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6E7534C552C896A13E4713D5168D8AC8" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Astrogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Verrill, 1868); in actuality, there now are three accepted species in this genus, listed accordingly by Cordeiro et al. (2019) in the WoRMS Database. Considering the characteristics of the two genera (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplexaura" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Euplexaura</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="69C60334355D9729C8E1D864594D7FB3" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplexaura" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1C8A627089CDDD2F72AD19B7DE27962D" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Euplexaura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Verrill, 1869 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C6E03BD088CC2BFA667F8BB509F89362" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E84A7BBC482936FD40B5944244DB02C2" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), neither
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. mitsukurii" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">E. mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B802F618F3CC8D27E64984B2834F31A9" lsidName="E. mitsukurii" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A80965651333F4409BA9599CB8BA290" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">E. mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. filiformis" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">E. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ED1C1494EB9001382F7DB0FF77466A12" lsidName="E. filiformis" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACAAA244048CFDF41B7528209D245D96" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">E. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
belong in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4894669756801A1C7C61A8465FCD08A1" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3A01C684598893EF966EC8D4913A6235" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; thus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6630C57F78FD76C65392FC4133B26D4" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACB1E162F4F794599DA5A6E1F5743A51" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is not synonymous with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A865B3F2A88C006A5B5D2F126C254252" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="48754430E4AE0190AB27C4A9CC1199BD" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B6DA5BCDD012D5E06467D429BDDB1801" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
did state that the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EF053A5C1C3FCDA807D40E6AF358ED5E" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="60E8A02919D396139A467F57589CFE24" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6FBB098D209121B6567267E95CF20518" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0CAEE58CA78D812B5B5F2DAC09648218" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The basis for this might be the fact that the genus descriptions given by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B4">Bayer (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="96F09AD3CE996DB886F0B85CAD268B83" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B4">Bayer (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
a) for
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4ECB097DDC4DEBC2BE1ABD89D019550E" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4F6BE46E4C651EA1DE2E20784DFB9161" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C29C0D1AB9E8E5425A1BCFD32C18C7FE" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5E329F85971EF4A494F3AF63C519FA2" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
overlap, in part; this would explain the suggestion of synonymy between the two genera made by Bayer in 1958.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="41 - 56" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" refId="B5" refString="Bayer, FM, 1958. Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique. . Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie) 16: 41 - 56" title="Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" volume="16" year="1958">Bayer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1E4296DA451DE161AD966FF19458FC28" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="41 - 56" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" refId="B5" refString="Bayer, FM, 1958. Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique. . Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie) 16: 41 - 56" title="Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" volume="16" year="1958">Bayer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
synonymized the two genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9E41F73708FF36D4716909D022D24F1C" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2535AF848A78318A1C6B19624C20B20F" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2CE7BF1B9A1469A89E32F0C1EB30EDDB" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7D869EDC37F8C38C0FF9A808C357422" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wright and Studer with the West Atlantic genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="064EC679831E42818A1A116BED111AC6" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A79705128B1969CEB001E86859E45A55" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Duchassaing & Michellotti, and transferred the genus
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="227" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="76BCBAE61D0C0D30F5B2B95539299C54" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Plexauridae" lsidName="" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="family">Plexauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1B6BEE8284C5459851E539A0CB3953BC" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Plexauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Paramuriceidae" lsidName="" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="family">Paramuriceidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="903D7BDE3619D70FE0D6E4B1D41A7001" family="Paramuriceidae" lsidName="" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="family">Paramuriceidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(latter no longer a currently recognized taxon).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="902 - 947" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/978" refId="B8" refString="Bayer, FM, 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94: 902 - 947" title="Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/978" volume="94" year="1981">Bayer (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DBE584D79B9E6C60D091172EFB30ECC9" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="902 - 947" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/978" refId="B8" refString="Bayer, FM, 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94: 902 - 947" title="Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/978" volume="94" year="1981">Bayer (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
then stated that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="876760008F80484101B6981D32871169" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3030AADE90945231029C8A7380581188" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="745F6D9A831F61D3758E5482DE178AF4" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8C44E2D5BD46BFA58B0C5490E53CE3D6" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; based on the recent work of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A74198EFE38725D23CFC05A1ADD00C70" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF75641188CCE5E0B5C53F5213F79226" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1F929A0FB5494C7C8AAAADDADDC2E91C" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
must be removed from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="41 - 56" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" refId="B5" refString="Bayer, FM, 1958. Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique. . Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie) 16: 41 - 56" title="Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" volume="16" year="1958">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bayer’s">Bayer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A70F9004185EBC98EF471E04E02FF58B" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="41 - 56" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" refId="B5" refString="Bayer, FM, 1958. Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique. . Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie) 16: 41 - 56" title="Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" volume="16" year="1958">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E0C18E63ABD82A7632F3EF78F36599A4" originalValue="Bayer’s">Bayer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1958
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
synonymy, while
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="508A454716861770FB11EDE13EC72272" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A8DB9D27C15E99D11B4FB9FA6E5B74F0" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
's synonymy might be retained. According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/174656" author="Utinomi, H" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="197 - 228" refId="B171" refString="Utinomi, H, 1961. Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan. Part 2. Telestacea, Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea. . Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 9: 197 - 228" title="Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan. Part 2. Telestacea, Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/174656" volume="9" year="1961">Utinomi (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E9475F29FF032528AD9FCE60839321BF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/174656" author="Utinomi, H" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="197 - 228" refId="B171" refString="Utinomi, H, 1961. Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan. Part 2. Telestacea, Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea. . Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 9: 197 - 228" title="Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan. Part 2. Telestacea, Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/174656" volume="9" year="1961">Utinomi (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
however, the coenenchyme of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B50FC81B56B26540E82186D60DD8651A" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6B756A1265A4369FA3AC1CF77212DE02" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is thinner and less distinctly displays the two layers seen in most plexaurids; as well, anthocodial armature is more powerful so as to form an operculum, typical of the group formerly known as the paramuriceids. Based on this, he considered it better to retain the genus name
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2B38745380E88839BD80FA2F71A2AF9F" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="52996705362DD867EB390C08C526D39E" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
than to unite it with the plexaurid genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE70578360736A425A8B2B571EF3AD03" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6212D248027EF74916E1520FC0B98837" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="44" pageNumber="227" refId="B141">Muzik (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7754AB0A3CD892488C1FF252FC0D31A5" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" refId="B141">Muzik (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also did not synonymize
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3F2B0A0E2883C7E7F586C1EDA4297556" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5AB1E3065B62B5B8E9CDD5EB36AD226D" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B88B86FFAF4C5AF4FA91D0D36922EF1E" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="99E30488C9406B6FC90378AEE49ECBE7" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; her rationale was that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59FE26EF5D7651334A15959B1CCA45C8" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D24A0F349C42931705DA6546D7D3124" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
had a distinct collaret (having something more like a true operculum), along with numerous scales forming the tentacle backs. While
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7B53D9B7CEF434831F685FCCE280FCE5" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D18C7F33EBF8F24ED3AFF6A04B711A5" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was considered to be similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="741781E2B10B41AF6D908C3E3257A870" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4C38B3233451070D6B79487094F40B4D" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6A8EE808323A36E73B39E563EF50508F" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="662AE3E042637081883A4F0CE6665E4B" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was stated to have "bulky boots" (Muzik, 1979: 143) forming its (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="collaret’s">collaret's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B67B92D2CC8361AE546BFD12ED8C2A3D" originalValue="collaret’s">collaret's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) points. She went on to surmise that, "depending on the importance of anthocodial armature, these three genera
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0715F2BBB26174F169359165CDDEF178" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="73BC10D04F5B8B1AEC3496A73F56F6B0" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Filigella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A603E394743886A1D38BDAA54F9EFA0B" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Filigella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, along with
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Muricella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Muricella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A25B5FF6652070F372AA0F818F5F6EB9" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CD4011552DA1CD7ABD1A4796E0F8E9B9" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Muricella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Muricella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
may remain distinct or one day be merged into one genus." The NMNH did not use/recognize
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF0455EEA284CD135B666B33A78635" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="84A2CE2D0B165EB5E91F46303EF2E39A" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
during times when author visited and worked in the collection;
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5A87C658D65E8CEDB2C464AF35F54D19" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1DEE66C1356606968594E22F8D061479" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was the genus designation used. From examinations of specimens at NMNH, etc., noting specimen identification while also considering the synonymy discussion given here,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7118873C332633B6C9A47E4D32A0872B" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="567FD0BC2DAC04C9F885F9EF17682CA6" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E6A546E8C976F1219220C63B84AE0F" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2A2632ED0CC7D489DD84A6BA9AD19725" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may or may not be synonymous; the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7C76C0F283043A50A5075884A0A0756" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="670A50514F00501937F3A6F66E69BCF4" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is used here for colonies from California (and Mexican) waters.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="556E1D1CC33B7542E1444668C05897F5" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C37D7D19AB7E6FAAA34BC99CE70C7AB4" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(and its species, including
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. filiformis" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">E. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="47EA1515A7DB97B770616F40364AD31E" lsidName="E. filiformis" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65C67F5AF9FA8A20B1E195C7CD54F0B7" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">E. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) is not considered, based on the recent work of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B12620A14D7FAF6A9FA64FB5BD2BA77E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Cordeiro et al. (2019), in the WoRMS Database, indicated the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A9D0E384CCB54EB86AB54A2827918A4A" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17B8D82B05339F92E3F666D2EA900716" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as having accepted status, and they list some twenty-eight species within the genus; however, neither
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A68910091A49DDA24827C35EB889FEE5" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3980640CEC3DD0C237218A36B46E9027" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[non
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FCC68A114BC6EFCE6267AC39909B96AC" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5A1FA4575B676CB017BA70EE337DA348" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Holaxonia" lsidName="Holaxonia filiformis" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">filiformis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="707564A44696158229D42101788062DE" genus="Holaxonia" lsidName="Holaxonia filiformis" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0242A22FAF8EBADC5CB2D1BFD24F6A69" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">filiformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Nutting, 1909) or
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea variabilis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="26B2652C867E921B77277A87E3012AF0" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea variabilis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B4435C131D045810B9FFFDCA97AE929F" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Studer, 1894) are included in that listing.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,101 +1,101 @@
|
|||
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<mods:start id="CA022B8441C3F978C13921EA09FF178A">183</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="1CA80EB57A81F3608EFCFA7BFA00B641">306</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:url>
|
||||
<mods:location id="6321FF1E5544BCC87B9EE0E18C1D26FB">
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||||
<mods:url id="8DFE1F5C6D25DF5F99E14AED210429C4">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-183</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="40B2CE00F0A803BE56AFE8E77F2778B7">journal article</mods:classification>
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||||
<mods:identifier id="9DB2A805573B4872FEC8EE5638EECAA8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="06C4DE97A4BF23F0B498935D0A699905" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-183</mods:identifier>
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|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525275" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD32019F55A577EC81B8DF4FDB51F94F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD32019F55A577EC81B8DF4FDB51F94F" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="247" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
<treatment id="FD32019F55A577EC81B8DF4FDB51F94F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525275" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD32019F55A577EC81B8DF4FDB51F94F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD32019F55A577EC81B8DF4FDB51F94F" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Primnoidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Calcaxonia">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="354E897631D3C1844C2D20AD90323235" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2B2F48AEC5081B96BCCD43FB8F375957" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="FD32019F55A577EC81B8DF4FDB51F94F" authority="Gray, 1870" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Plumarella Gray, 1870</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C5C1C555CECA918BE2A88310E69A3105" ID-CoL="84SGL" LSID="FD32019F55A577EC81B8DF4FDB51F94F" authority="Gray, 1870" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Plumarella Gray, 1870</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="247" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" genus="Cricogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cricogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Cricogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="51B6ED6EC58FD9B579049C8E273948A6" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C04B8A44E1C8C80410226DA4FA3D9D62" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3470835E7807A38E25E4D69548DA282E" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Cricogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cricogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Cricogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Milne Edwards, 1857: 6, pl B2, fig. 6 [nomen nudum].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" refId="B100" refString="Gray, JE, 1870. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" year="1870">Gray 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3A1B3DFD6DF0AFA1A87DA881CA594269" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" refId="B100" refString="Gray, JE, 1870. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" year="1870">Gray 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 36, 37.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Plumarella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9C7D08226D064007D39B6186B96D0C55" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CD1A998256CA21CEC2B9FABC2A725882" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Plumarella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gray, 1870: 36.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B159" refString="Studer, T, 1887. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. . Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 53: 1 - 74" title="Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria." volume="53" year="1887">Studer 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7B29854B3811AC271F009B765D0869BD" author="Studer, T" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B159" refString="Studer, T, 1887. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. . Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 53: 1 - 74" title="Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria." volume="53" year="1887">Studer 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 51.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="95DC6C9257BDF4A4E7F6A9A3BAB0FB5B" author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: xlix, 73, 74, 281.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="64" pageNumber="247" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1D5EE0B0D35CC6E8B67CC3B5138E37AB" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 13, 14.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">Kinoshita 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="13827C764F40A7A6D468077DAE87BFB5" author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">Kinoshita 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 6-8.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger," pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="142 - 158" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" refId="B126" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915b. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46: 142 - 158" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" volume="46" year="1915 b">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="292EC8D8C581C964805F8D69DE65CB5B" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger," pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="142 - 158" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" refId="B126" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915b. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46: 142 - 158" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" volume="46" year="1915 b">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="39CDF987739598360094F3E914D2157B" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1915b
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 144, 145 [key to genus and species]; 1919: 340-343 [key to genus and species]; 1924: 255 [key to genus and species]. Diechmann 1936: 155, 156 [key to genus].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="64" pageNumber="247" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0023F3D42412CA89BC55C86705BEDE8D" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: F220; 1961: 293 [ill. key to genus]; 1981: 936 [key to genus]. Bayer and Stefani 1988: 454 [key to genus].
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fabricius, KE" journalOrPublisher="Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queensland, Australia" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B91" refString="Fabricius, KE, Alderslade, P, 2001. Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the tropical shallow-water genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. . Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queensland, Australia" title="Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the tropical shallow-water genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea." year="2001">Fabricius and Alderslade 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AA683788DEB963FCEA20DA7FA7417B8A" author="Fabricius, KE" journalOrPublisher="Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queensland, Australia" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B91" refString="Fabricius, KE, Alderslade, P, 2001. Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the tropical shallow-water genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. . Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queensland, Australia" title="Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the tropical shallow-water genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea." year="2001">Fabricius and Alderslade 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 244, 245.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="447 - 487" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7495" refId="B43" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2004b. Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 5: The genera Plumarella Gray, 1870; Acanthoprimnoa, n. gen.; and Candidella Bayer, 1954. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 117: 447 - 487" title="Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 5: The genera Plumarella Gray, 1870; Acanthoprimnoa, n. gen.; and Candidella Bayer, 1954." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7495" volume="117" year="2004 b">Cairns and Bayer 2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="18538AA035F5313D0740974163661B1B" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="447 - 487" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7495" refId="B43" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2004b. Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 5: The genera Plumarella Gray, 1870; Acanthoprimnoa, n. gen.; and Candidella Bayer, 1954. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 117: 447 - 487" title="Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 5: The genera Plumarella Gray, 1870; Acanthoprimnoa, n. gen.; and Candidella Bayer, 1954." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7495" volume="117" year="2004 b">Cairns and Bayer 2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 448, 449 [key to western Atlantic species];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="663F72F633BCFB0C98BF2CEE0486F3DA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 29, 39, 40.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3AE313879F232D899838AD64FA525974" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 7-9; 2016: 51, 52; 2018b: 39.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, SD, Wirshing, HH, 2018. A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera. . BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 1 - 20" title="A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" volume="18" year="2018">Cairns and Wirshing 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A748CE9B67E962E0F307EFD1E5B0BCFC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, SD, Wirshing, HH, 2018. A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera. . BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 1 - 20" title="A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) with analyses of character evolution and a key to the genera and subgenera." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1182-5" volume="18" year="2018">Cairns and Wirshing 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1, 11.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="247" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="247">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia penna" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="penna">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">Gorgonia penna</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="396A15424AE82B7A6C95842D15FD9736" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="32793D06B0657CA6F4D0B17018B1C5EC" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="11C274EA05496ED9C3BFB796BC682542" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1090B14503A6719B4FEC99C6E901A267" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia penna" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="64" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="penna">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E53432AB103D345ECB41CE5B28536E19" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="247">Gorgonia penna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lamarck, 1815; subsequent designation by Wright & Studer, 1889: 73.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="248" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="248">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="65" pageNumber="248" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="03CB96E91F91FE73C9CCAD065E321076" pageId="65" pageNumber="248" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6C08168F335849A771C98E5F1DCB921D" pageId="65" pageNumber="248">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="7076DF5215E55A74BF1160D5F9B565A1" pageId="65" pageNumber="248" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="248">Branching in one plane, pinnate, with branches close together in many colonies. Polyps biserial, alternate (rarely, opposite) or irregularly scattered; never in whorls or pairs. All eight rows of body scales present; adaxial surface usually has fewer scales; inner face of opercular scales with inconspicuous apical keel, or none; opercular scales aligned with marginals. Sclerites of coenenchyme (some species) as scales or warty radiates in lower parts of colony and inner cortex.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E06F416049DD41BADEC8B21557D92642" pageId="65" pageNumber="248">Branching in one plane, pinnate, with branches close together in many colonies. Polyps biserial, alternate (rarely, opposite) or irregularly scattered; never in whorls or pairs. All eight rows of body scales present; adaxial surface usually has fewer scales; inner face of opercular scales with inconspicuous apical keel, or none; opercular scales aligned with marginals. Sclerites of coenenchyme (some species) as scales or warty radiates in lower parts of colony and inner cortex.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="248" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="248">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="248">Genus bears accepted status in WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E14F5F37B88B8A92DAD6C132882AAB64" pageId="65" pageNumber="248" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4EC8BA49CF0062A7CFEDA54F20942910" pageId="65" pageNumber="248">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0AD071E16119D51CE3ABAB097756AF76" pageId="65" pageNumber="248">Genus bears accepted status in WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue