Add updates up until 2024-07-19 12:12:23
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<mods:title id="34CD38DAB3241ADA4CBFB029FE05E2CC">Effects of ocean acidification on phenology and epiphytes of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica at two CO vent systems of Ischia (Italy) Abstract</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1E099A46CA4DD8A719F5E5DA77E33ABA">Mecca, Silvia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A4888468EB3EDBBCC564FFB382118AF">Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dept. Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Center, Ischia, Naples, Italy & Dept. of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9DA654D8C018883C3FA4945BDD9B97FF">Casoli, Edoardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C9FB47D35214374601AD461B429BDD26">Dept. of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="023493E75BF917DA171C91F82F4A6322">Ardizzone, Giandomenico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6F34CB4A1C5E5D57DFAEA0C6C0240658">Dept. of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="231DBF24535BE40159E8A3791DCBB768">Gambi, Maria Cristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E6DCF9E524B96DE99351C202268A8AC">Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dept. Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Center, Ischia, Naples, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF916D76FCFBF8952F83F8BF" bold="true" box="[821,974,1795,1822]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Phenology of</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4480FF916D76FC1BF89528F5F8BF" authority="(L.) Delile" box="[981,1208,1795,1821]" class="Bivalvia" family="Posidoniidae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oceanica">Posidonia oceanica</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BA03F03FF916D77FC95F8D52DE4F9FF" blockId="4.[821,1459,1859,2078]" lastBlockId="5.[129,767,1027,2078]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4480FF916D76FC5EF8D52822F8FF" box="[912,1135,1859,1885]" class="Bivalvia" family="Posidoniidae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oceanica">
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF916D76FC5EF8D52822F8FF" box="[912,1135,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Posidonia oceanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shoot density showed higher values for both the Vullatura (mean ± SD: Vu3 = 866 ± 148 shoots/m
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<superScript id="7C6A924BFF916D76FC28F8152FA3F833" attach="left" box="[998,1006,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">2</superScript>
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; Vu6 = 619 ± 106 shoots/m
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<superScript id="7C6A924BFF916D76FAFDF8152976F833" attach="left" box="[1331,1339,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">2</superScript>
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) and Castello Aragonese (N3 = 667 ± 155 shoots/m
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<superScript id="7C6A924BFF916D76FAFAF8352971F813" attach="left" box="[1332,1340,1955,1969]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">2</superScript>
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) acidified stations (
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<figureCitation id="13242386FF916D76FC55F8552FA0F87F" box="[923,1005,1987,2013]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[128,167,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[188,1363,164,817]" captionTargetId="figure-317@5.[181,1377,151,824]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2: Temporal variation in Posidonia oceanica morphological features at the studied stations: mean shoot density (a), mean number of leaves per shoot (b), and mean leaf length (c) and width (d). Bars represent the standard deviation. Gray colors indicate low pH conditions: N3 (pH 7.21 ± 0.34), Vu3, and Vu6 (pH 7.26 ± 0.48); and white indicates the control station (NC; pH 8.00 ± 0.08). Asterisks highlight features that show significant differences according to pH conditions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12551646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12551646/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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) than that at the control site (
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<collectionCode id="ED0EA7C6FF916D76FAF1F8552925F87F" box="[1343,1384,1987,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">NC</collectionCode>
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= 391 ± 95 shoots/m
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<superScript id="7C6A924BFF916D76FC12F8752FA9F853" attach="left" box="[988,996,2019,2033]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">2</superScript>
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). These differences were significant by
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<collectionCode id="ED0EA7C6FF916D76FCFBF7952FD8F7BF" box="[821,917,2051,2077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">ANOVA</collectionCode>
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(F = 64.70,
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF916D76FBECF792287DF7BF" box="[1058,1072,2052,2077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">p</emphasis>
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-value <0.001); Tukey’s HSD test reported significantly different
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FE12FB922DA7FBBF" box="[476,490,1028,1053]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">p</emphasis>
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-values between the control and acidified stations (
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<collectionCode id="ED0EA7C6FF906D77FE7BFBB52DADFB9F" box="[437,480,1059,1085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">NC</collectionCode>
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–N3:
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FDD0FBB22E61FB9F" box="[542,556,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">p</emphasis>
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adj <0.001, NC– Vu3:
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FF0CFBD22C9DFBFF" box="[194,208,1092,1117]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">p</emphasis>
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adj <0.001, and NC–Vu6:
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FDD2FBD22E67FBFF" box="[540,554,1092,1117]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">p</emphasis>
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adj <0.001), and between N3–Vu6 (
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FE94FBF22D25FBDF" box="[346,360,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">p</emphasis>
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adj = 0.03). Comparisons between N3–Vu3 and Vu3–Vu6 did not display significant differences. The number of leaves (adult, intermediate, and juveniles pooled together) significantly varied among months, with the same pattern in both the acidified and control stations (
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<figureCitation id="13242386FF906D77FEF1FA952DC2FABC" box="[319,399,1283,1310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[128,167,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[188,1363,164,817]" captionTargetId="figure-317@5.[181,1377,151,824]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2: Temporal variation in Posidonia oceanica morphological features at the studied stations: mean shoot density (a), mean number of leaves per shoot (b), and mean leaf length (c) and width (d). Bars represent the standard deviation. Gray colors indicate low pH conditions: N3 (pH 7.21 ± 0.34), Vu3, and Vu6 (pH 7.26 ± 0.48); and white indicates the control station (NC; pH 8.00 ± 0.08). Asterisks highlight features that show significant differences according to pH conditions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12551646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12551646/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Fig 2b</figureCitation>
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). Maximum values were reported in October and December, whereas the minimum values were found during the summer months (June and August). The mean number of leaves per shoot did not differ among pH conditions (
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<tableCitation id="C69D0AB8FF906D77FE19FA152E62FA3F" box="[471,559,1411,1437]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[796,852,1031,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Summary of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) results for Posidonia oceanica phenological features: number of leaves per shoot, leaf length, and leaf width." pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). Conversely, the mean leaf length was higher in June, decreasing up to the minimum reached in October (
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<figureCitation id="13242386FF906D77FE27FA552E72FA7F" box="[489,575,1475,1501]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[128,167,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[188,1363,164,817]" captionTargetId="figure-317@5.[181,1377,151,824]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2: Temporal variation in Posidonia oceanica morphological features at the studied stations: mean shoot density (a), mean number of leaves per shoot (b), and mean leaf length (c) and width (d). Bars represent the standard deviation. Gray colors indicate low pH conditions: N3 (pH 7.21 ± 0.34), Vu3, and Vu6 (pH 7.26 ± 0.48); and white indicates the control station (NC; pH 8.00 ± 0.08). Asterisks highlight features that show significant differences according to pH conditions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12551646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12551646/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
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). The mean leaf width (
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<figureCitation id="13242386FF906D77FF1EFA752D6FFA5C" box="[208,290,1507,1534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[128,167,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[188,1363,164,817]" captionTargetId="figure-317@5.[181,1377,151,824]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2: Temporal variation in Posidonia oceanica morphological features at the studied stations: mean shoot density (a), mean number of leaves per shoot (b), and mean leaf length (c) and width (d). Bars represent the standard deviation. Gray colors indicate low pH conditions: N3 (pH 7.21 ± 0.34), Vu3, and Vu6 (pH 7.26 ± 0.48); and white indicates the control station (NC; pH 8.00 ± 0.08). Asterisks highlight features that show significant differences according to pH conditions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12551646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12551646/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
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) showed minimum values in June for NC, Vu3, and Vu6, and in August for N3. The maximum mean width was reported in August, October, and December for all the studied stations.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF606F8BFF906D77FF4EFCD02805FC1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12551646" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12551646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12551646/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" startId="5.[128,167,838,862]" targetBox="[188,1363,164,817]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FF4EFCD02C85FCFC" bold="true" box="[128,200,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Fig. 2:</emphasis>
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Temporal variation in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4480FF906D77FE79FCD02ECCFCFC" box="[439,641,838,862]" class="Bivalvia" family="Posidoniidae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oceanica">
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FE79FCD02ECCFCFC" box="[439,641,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Posidonia oceanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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morphological features at the studied stations: mean shoot density (a), mean number of leaves per shoot (b), and mean leaf length (c) and width (d). Bars represent the standard deviation. Gray colors indicate low pH conditions: N3 (pH 7.21 ± 0.34), Vu3, and Vu6 (pH 7.26 ± 0.48); and white indicates the control station (NC; pH 8.00 ± 0.08). Asterisks highlight features that show significant differences according to pH conditions.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF606F8BFF906D77FCD2FB9129CAFBFF" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" startId="5.[796,852,1031,1052]" targetBox="[806,1407,1149,2068]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
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<paragraph id="8BA03F03FF906D77FCD2FB9129CAFBFF" blockId="5.[796,1436,1031,1117]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FCD2FB912F23FBBE" bold="true" box="[796,878,1031,1052]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Table 1.</emphasis>
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Summary of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) results for
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4480FF906D77FB93FBB12956FB9E" box="[1117,1307,1063,1084]" class="Bivalvia" family="Posidoniidae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oceanica">
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FB93FBB12956FB9E" box="[1117,1307,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Posidonia oceanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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phenological features: number of leaves per shoot, leaf length, and leaf width.
|
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA03F03FF906D77FCE8FBEB28C6F7B1" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FCE8FBEB2FAFFB30" bold="true" box="[806,994,1149,1171]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Number of Leaves</emphasis>
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</th>
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</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8FB2E2932FB6C" box="[806,1407,1208,1230]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8FB2E2FD1FB6C" box="[806,924,1208,1230]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FCE8FB2E2F21FB6C" bold="true" box="[806,876,1208,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Source</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAFB2E2865FB6C" box="[1028,1064,1208,1230]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FBC2FB2E286CFB6C" bold="true" box="[1036,1057,1208,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">df</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88FB2E28D7FB6C" box="[1094,1178,1208,1230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FB96FB2E28C5FB6C" bold="true" box="[1112,1160,1208,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">M.S.</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74FB2E2957FB6C" box="[1210,1306,1208,1230]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FB74FB2E2957FB6F" bold="true" box="[1210,1306,1208,1229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Pseudo-F</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87FB2E2932FB6C" box="[1353,1407,1208,1230]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FA93FB2E2921FB6F" bold="true" box="[1373,1388,1208,1229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">P</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8FB792932FAA6" box="[806,1407,1263,1284]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8FB792FD1FAA6" box="[806,924,1263,1284]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">pH</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAFB792865FAA6" box="[1028,1064,1263,1284]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">1</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88FB7928D7FAA6" box="[1094,1178,1263,1284]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">1.79</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74FB792957FAA6" box="[1210,1306,1263,1284]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">1.38</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87FB792932FAA6" box="[1353,1407,1263,1284]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.18</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8FA8F2932FA8D" box="[806,1407,1305,1327]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8FA8F2FD1FA8D" box="[806,924,1305,1327]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Month</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAFA8F2865FA8D" box="[1028,1064,1305,1327]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">5</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88FA8F28D7FA8D" box="[1094,1178,1305,1327]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">32.43</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74FA8F2957FA8D" box="[1210,1306,1305,1327]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">24.96</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87FA8F2932FA8D" box="[1353,1407,1305,1327]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FA87FA8F2932FA8C" bold="true" box="[1353,1407,1305,1326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.001</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8FAD22932FAF8" box="[806,1407,1348,1370]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8FAD22FD1FAF8" box="[806,924,1348,1370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">pH x Month</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAFAD22865FAF8" box="[1028,1064,1348,1370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">5</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88FAD228D7FAF8" box="[1094,1178,1348,1370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">-20.54</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74FAD22957FAF8" box="[1210,1306,1348,1370]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">-15.81</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87FAD22932FAF8" box="[1353,1407,1348,1370]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.95</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8FAF92932FA27" box="[806,1407,1391,1413]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8FAF92FD1FA27" box="[806,924,1391,1413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Residual</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAFAF92865FA27" box="[1028,1064,1391,1413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">348</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88FAF928D7FA27" box="[1094,1178,1391,1413]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">1.29</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8FA522932FA78" box="[806,1407,1476,1498]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8FA522932FA78" box="[806,1407,1476,1498]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FCE8FA522F9FFA7B" bold="true" box="[806,978,1476,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Mean leaf length</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8FA692932F9B7" box="[806,1407,1535,1557]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8FA692FD1F9B7" box="[806,924,1535,1557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FCE8FA692F21F9B7" bold="true" box="[806,876,1535,1557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Source</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAFA692865F9B7" box="[1028,1064,1535,1557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FBC2FA69286CF9B7" bold="true" box="[1036,1057,1535,1557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">df</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88FA6928D7F9B7" box="[1094,1178,1535,1557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FB96FA6928C5F9B7" bold="true" box="[1112,1160,1535,1557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">M.S.</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74FA692957F9B7" box="[1210,1306,1535,1557]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FB74F9962957F9B7" bold="true" box="[1210,1306,1536,1557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Pseudo-F</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87FA692932F9B7" box="[1353,1407,1535,1557]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FA93F9962921F9B7" bold="true" box="[1373,1388,1536,1557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">P</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8F9A02932F9EE" box="[806,1407,1590,1612]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8F9A02FD1F9EE" box="[806,924,1590,1612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">pH</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAF9A02865F9EE" box="[1028,1064,1590,1612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">1</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88F9A028D7F9EE" box="[1094,1178,1590,1612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">2707.2</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74F9A02957F9EE" box="[1210,1306,1590,1612]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">65.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87F9A02932F9EE" box="[1353,1407,1590,1612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FA87F9A02932F9E9" bold="true" box="[1353,1407,1590,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.001</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8F9F62932F9D5" box="[806,1407,1632,1655]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8F9F62FD1F9D5" box="[806,924,1632,1655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Month</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAF9F62865F9D5" box="[1028,1064,1632,1655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">5</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88F9F628D7F9D5" box="[1094,1178,1632,1655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">3,935.10</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74F9F62957F9D5" box="[1210,1306,1632,1655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">95.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87F9F62932F9D5" box="[1353,1407,1632,1655]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FA87F9F62932F9D7" bold="true" box="[1353,1407,1632,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.001</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8F91D2932F900" box="[806,1407,1675,1698]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8F91D2FD1F900" box="[806,924,1675,1698]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">pH x Month</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAF91D2865F900" box="[1028,1064,1675,1698]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">5</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88F91D28D7F900" box="[1094,1178,1675,1698]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">-135.30</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74F91D2957F900" box="[1210,1306,1675,1698]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">-3.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87F91D2932F900" box="[1353,1407,1675,1698]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FA87F91D2932F902" bold="true" box="[1353,1407,1675,1696]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.001</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8F9202932F96E" box="[806,1407,1718,1740]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8F9202FD1F96E" box="[806,924,1718,1740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Residual</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAF9202865F96E" box="[1028,1064,1718,1740]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">348</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88F92028D7F96E" box="[1094,1178,1718,1740]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">41.17</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8F89D2932F883" box="[806,1407,1803,1825]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8F89D2932F883" box="[806,1407,1803,1825]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FCE8F89A2F80F883" bold="true" box="[806,973,1803,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Mean leaf width</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8F8D12932F8FF" box="[806,1407,1863,1885]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8F8D12FD1F8FF" box="[806,924,1863,1885]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FCE8F8D12F21F8FF" bold="true" box="[806,876,1863,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Source</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAF8D12865F8FF" box="[1028,1064,1863,1885]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FBC2F8D1286CF8FF" bold="true" box="[1036,1057,1863,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">df</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88F8D128D7F8FF" box="[1094,1178,1863,1885]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FB96F8D128C5F8FF" bold="true" box="[1112,1160,1863,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">M.S.</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74F8D12957F8FF" box="[1210,1306,1863,1885]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FB74F8D12957F8FE" bold="true" box="[1210,1306,1863,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Pseudo-F</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87F8D12932F8FF" box="[1353,1407,1863,1885]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FA93F8D12921F8FE" bold="true" box="[1373,1388,1863,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">P</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8F8EB2932F831" box="[806,1407,1917,1939]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8F8EB2FD1F831" box="[806,924,1917,1939]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">pH</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAF8EB2865F831" box="[1028,1064,1917,1939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">1</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88F8EB28D7F831" box="[1094,1178,1917,1939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.55</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74F8EB2957F831" box="[1210,1306,1917,1939]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">73.37</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87F8EB2932F831" box="[1353,1407,1917,1939]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FA87F8EB2932F830" bold="true" box="[1353,1407,1917,1938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.001</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8F83E2932F81C" box="[806,1407,1960,1982]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8F83E2FD1F81C" box="[806,924,1960,1982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Month</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAF83E2865F81C" box="[1028,1064,1960,1982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">5</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88F83E28D7F81C" box="[1094,1178,1960,1982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.02</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74F83E2957F81C" box="[1210,1306,1960,1982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">2.80</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87F83E2932F81C" box="[1353,1407,1960,1982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF906D77FA87F83E2932F81F" bold="true" box="[1353,1407,1960,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.005</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8F8452932F84B" box="[806,1407,2003,2025]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8F8452FD1F84B" box="[806,924,2003,2025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">pH x Month</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAF8452865F84B" box="[1028,1064,2003,2025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">5</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88F84528D7F84B" box="[1094,1178,2003,2025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">-0.13</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB74F8452957F84B" box="[1210,1306,2003,2025]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">-18.06</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFA87F8452932F84B" box="[1353,1407,2003,2025]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">1.00</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="352F3D41FF90928DFCE8F8682932F7B6" box="[806,1407,2046,2068]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<th id="76FE543DFF90928DFCE8F8682FD1F7B6" box="[806,924,2046,2068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Residual</th>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFBCAF8682865F7B6" box="[1028,1064,2046,2068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">348</td>
|
||||
<td id="76FE543DFF90928DFB88F86828D7F7B6" box="[1094,1178,2046,2068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">0.007</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA03F03FF906D77FF68F9F52EEBF89F" blockId="5.[129,767,1027,2078]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
Significant differences in the mean leaf length according to the pH condition, month, and the interaction between these two factors were observed (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C69D0AB8FF906D77FD6EF9352EBAF91F" box="[672,759,1699,1725]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[796,852,1031,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Summary of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) results for Posidonia oceanica phenological features: number of leaves per shoot, leaf length, and leaf width." pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
, PERMANOVA test). The mean leaf width also differed among pH condition and month (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C69D0AB8FF906D77FE23F9752E0DF95F" box="[493,576,1763,1789]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[796,852,1031,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Summary of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) results for Posidonia oceanica phenological features: number of leaves per shoot, leaf length, and leaf width." pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
). In the acidified stations we recorded lower leaf length and width in all the considered months, respect to the control station.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA03F03FF906D77FF68F8D52EDDF7BF" blockId="5.[129,767,1027,2078]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
|
||||
The leaf area index (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED0EA7C6FF906D77FE48F8D52DF8F8FF" box="[390,437,1859,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">LAI</collectionCode>
|
||||
= m
|
||||
<superScript id="7C6A924BFF906D77FE26F8D52DBDF8F3" attach="left" box="[488,496,1859,1873]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">2</superScript>
|
||||
of leaf surface/m
|
||||
<superScript id="7C6A924BFF906D77FD60F8D52EFBF8F3" attach="left" box="[686,694,1859,1873]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">2</superScript>
|
||||
of sea bottom) ranged between 0.6 to 2.3 and was lower at all stations in October and higher in July (Supplementary Materials,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13242386FF906D77FF64F8352CB7F81F" box="[170,250,1955,1981]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[128,167,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[188,1363,164,817]" captionTargetId="figure-317@5.[181,1377,151,824]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2: Temporal variation in Posidonia oceanica morphological features at the studied stations: mean shoot density (a), mean number of leaves per shoot (b), and mean leaf length (c) and width (d). Bars represent the standard deviation. Gray colors indicate low pH conditions: N3 (pH 7.21 ± 0.34), Vu3, and Vu6 (pH 7.26 ± 0.48); and white indicates the control station (NC; pH 8.00 ± 0.08). Asterisks highlight features that show significant differences according to pH conditions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12551646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12551646/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Fig. S2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED0EA7C6FF906D77FEF5F8352D24F81F" box="[315,361,1955,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">LAI</collectionCode>
|
||||
did not vary among stations/pH, since in the acidified stations, the lower leaf lengths, and therefore lower leaf surface areas, are compensated by higher shoot densities compared to those at the control station.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA03F03FF936D74FF73FF352EE7FDDF" blockId="6.[151,789,163,638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">
|
||||
The leaf apex erosion (coefficient
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF936D74FD88FF322E1AFF1C" box="[582,599,164,190]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) showed greater percentages of eroded leaves occurring at all the stations during the summer months (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13242386FF936D74FE15FF752E6CFF5F" box="[475,545,227,253]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[150,189,2021,2045]" captionTargetBox="[265,1327,1412,2004]" captionTargetId="figure-537@6.[263,1338,1402,2007]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3: Percentage of leaves showing different types of leaf apex erosion (intact, mechanical, and biological) over time at the studied stations. At least 30 of the oldest leaves were examined at each month and station." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12551648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12551648/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Grazing (biological erosion) was the main source of leaf damage, especially in the acidified stations N3, Vu3, and Vu6, whereas mechanical erosion was less represented. Differences in the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54A481A1FF936D74FF0DFEF22CBEFEDC" box="[195,243,356,382]" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
of apex erosion were detected among pH conditions, months, and the interaction between these two factors (PERMANOVA, see
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C69D0AB8FF936D74FE11FE352E7AFE1F" box="[479,567,419,445]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[151,207,999,1020]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Summary of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) results for type of Posidonia oceanica leaf erosion." pageId="6" pageNumber="75">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Leaves grazed by the herbivore fish
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4480FF936D74FEA3FE522D84FE7F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[365,457,451,478]" family="Sparidae" genus="Sarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF936D74FEA3FE522D84FE7F" box="[365,457,451,478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">S. salpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were the most common and dominant in the acidified stations, with sea urchin and crustacean (mainly isopods) bites never exceeding 35% of the analyzed leaves (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13242386FF936D74FE6AFDB52DA6FD9F" box="[420,491,547,573]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[129,168,814,838]" captionTargetBox="[205,1341,163,795]" captionTargetId="figure-250@7.[202,1354,151,799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4: Percentage of different types of biological apex erosion (Sarpa salpa, sea urchins, and crustaceans) during time at the studied stations and considering only the leaves showing biological erosion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12551650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12551650/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). On the contrary, grazing by crustaceans and sea urchins was higher in the control station, where
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4480FF936D74FEF5FDF22DD9FDDF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[315,404,611,638]" family="Sparidae" genus="Sarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BE311FF936D74FEF5FDF22DD9FDDF" box="[315,404,611,638]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">S. salpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
bites were less frequent.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
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Reference in a new issue