Add updates up until 2025-01-06 17:09:25

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ggserver 2025-01-06 17:16:09 +00:00
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<mods:title id="9094C4EBAB464B55D4FF64ED632F7014">A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species</mods:title> <mods:title id="38DAF82FFA7B7F57E578ABA7FF52AAA4">A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="523C09042783933E65536AD0745C7EEB">Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin des Gatiers, F- 83170 Tourves, France</mods:affiliation> <mods:affiliation id="39E0A7D1C570DCDC8DD586C773FBA413">Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin des Gatiers, F- 83170 Tourves, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="595E9C0B043589853337EF9F5EED8AEF">Gioia Di Camillo, Cristina</mods:namePart> <mods:namePart id="1E71DA05CCD7E3F94E1E05B8EEE82DF9">Gioia Di Camillo, Cristina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="58223AA3B5AE689074F3CA4F81045BC1">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I- 60121 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation> <mods:affiliation id="305866CA801D0505F877B19348FE2427">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I- 60121 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="66C5A087D3AAB8832138BB685B8E8D2B">Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart> <mods:namePart id="B9DE39399069FCC86B93A51C9B6D789A">Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EB1F7E3C416D390991C2A6BA7E7BC716">Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives</mods:affiliation> <mods:affiliation id="A7BA15B6506168B8CDD0FB42A1048848">Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B47531FFE85916312AF95101D1757F98">Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart> <mods:namePart id="2B51F260E644A6A983320E3F9247428C">Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="34A66A5508EB68F57ECECE6D8BAFB2FC">Muséum dhistoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation> <mods:affiliation id="0F41D07FD19ED361A9986A5DC41894C8">Muséum dhistoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ non
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF812C19FCD5890CFB9D6D7D" ID-CoL="3JFR5" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1069,1352,1373]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF812C19FCD5890CFB9D6D7D" ID-CoL="3JFR5" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1069,1352,1373]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF812C19FCD5890CFB9D6D7D" box="[831,1069,1352,1373]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF812C19FCD5890CFB9D6D7D" box="[831,1069,1352,1373]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
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(?) (?)
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Di Camillo
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non non
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF812C19FC8689FFFBE06DF0" ID-CoL="3JFR5" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[876,1104,1467,1488]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF812C19FC8689FFFBE06DF0" ID-CoL="3JFR5" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[876,1104,1467,1488]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF812C19FC8689FFFBE06DF0" box="[876,1104,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF812C19FC8689FFFBE06DF0" box="[876,1104,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
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@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ non
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non non
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF802C18FF288D7EFED9696F" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[194,361,314,335]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF802C18FF288D7EFED9696F" ID-CoL="6KZKK" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[194,361,314,335]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF802C18FF288D7EFED9696F" box="[194,361,314,335]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Halopteris buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF802C18FF288D7EFED9696F" box="[194,361,314,335]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
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@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ Bouillon
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF802C18FF7D8D8CFE1E6A35" blockId="3.[151,757,258,533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF802C18FF7D8D8CFE1E6A35" blockId="3.[151,757,258,533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF802C18FF7D8D8CFE1E6A35" pageId="3" pageNumber="24"> <treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF802C18FF7D8D8CFE1E6A35" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
non non
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF802C18FF238D8CFEC169FD" box="[201,369,456,477]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buski"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF802C18FF238D8CFEC169FD" box="[201,369,456,477]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buski">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF802C18FF238D8CFEC169FD" box="[201,369,456,477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Halopteris buski</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF802C18FF238D8CFEC169FD" box="[201,369,456,477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Halopteris buski</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ of
<subSubSection id="C3176533FF802C18FF7D8A15FC3669D7" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF802C18FF7D8A15FC3669D7" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF802C18FF7D8A15FC3669D7" blockId="3.[151,756,1617,2077]" lastBlockId="3.[831,1436,258,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF802C18FF7D8A15FC3669D7" blockId="3.[151,756,1617,2077]" lastBlockId="3.[831,1436,258,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF802C18FF7D8A15FEBF6E48" bold="true" box="[151,271,1617,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF802C18FF7D8A15FEBF6E48" bold="true" box="[151,271,1617,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF802C18FEF38A15FE3C6E48" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[281,396,1617,1640]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF802C18FEF38A15FE3C6E48" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[281,396,1617,1640]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF802C18FEF38A15FE3C6E48" box="[281,396,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Halopteris</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF802C18FEF38A15FE3C6E48" box="[281,396,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Halopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
with cormoids reaching heights of up to with cormoids reaching heights of up to
@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ of microbasic mastigophores: large, elongated-ovoid [(21.9-22.6) × (8.2-8.5) μ
<caption id="DF726630FF872C1FFF7D8B6AFC096FB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" startId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" targetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" targetPageId="4"> <caption id="DF726630FF872C1FFF7D8B6AFC096FB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" startId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" targetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF872C1FFF7D8B6AFC096FB9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1838,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF872C1FFF7D8B6AFC096FB9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1838,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
Fig. 1. Living colonies of Fig. 1. Living colonies of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF872C1FFE708B6AFD9F6F63" box="[410,559,1838,1859]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF872C1FFE708B6AFD9F6F63" box="[410,559,1838,1859]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFE708B6AFDB16F63" box="[410,513,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Halopteris</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFE708B6AFDB16F63" box="[410,513,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Halopteris</emphasis>
spp. spp.
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ showing their natural coloration. (A)
from Bunaken, from Bunaken,
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFA8B8B6AFA2D6F63" box="[1377,1437,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">in situ</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFA8B8B6AFA2D6F63" box="[1377,1437,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">in situ</emphasis>
(photo CGDC). (B, C) (photo CGDC). (B, C)
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF872C1FFE298B0EFD736F7F" authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[451,707,1866,1887]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF872C1FFE298B0EFD736F7F" authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[451,707,1866,1887]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFE298B0EFD9D6F7F" box="[451,557,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFE298B0EFD9D6F7F" box="[451,557,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. sibogae</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF872C1FFDD08B0EFD0C6F7F" author="Billard A." box="[570,700,1866,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF872C1FFDD08B0EFD0C6F7F" author="Billard A." box="[570,700,1866,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
@ -734,21 +734,21 @@ from Bunaken,
from Bali, from Bali,
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFCDE8B0EFCC06F7F" box="[820,880,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">in situ</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFCDE8B0EFCC06F7F" box="[820,880,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">in situ</emphasis>
. (D) . (D)
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF872C1FFC4F8B0EFB276F7F" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[933,1175,1866,1887]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF872C1FFC4F8B0EFB276F7F" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[933,1175,1866,1887]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFC4F8B0EFBAB6F7F" box="[933,1051,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFC4F8B0EFBAB6F7F" box="[933,1051,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF872C1FFBC88B0EFB276F7F" author="Galea H. R." box="[1058,1175,1866,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF872C1FFBC88B0EFB276F7F" author="Galea H. R." box="[1058,1175,1866,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
from the Maldives, from the Maldives,
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFAB78B0EFA2D6F7F" box="[1373,1437,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">ex situ</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFAB78B0EFA2D6F7F" box="[1373,1437,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">ex situ</emphasis>
(photo DM &amp; SM). (E) (photo DM &amp; SM). (E)
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF872C1FFE238B23FD8A6F5C" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[457,570,1895,1916]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov."> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF872C1FFE238B23FD8A6F5C" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[457,570,1895,1916]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFE238B23FD8A6F5C" box="[457,570,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. australis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFE238B23FD8A6F5C" box="[457,570,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF872C1FFDAA8B23FD3B6F5C" box="[576,651,1895,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF872C1FFDAA8B23FD3B6F5C" box="[576,651,1895,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from New Caledonia, from New Caledonia,
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFC8C8B23FC116F5C" box="[870,929,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">in situ</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFC8C8B23FC116F5C" box="[870,929,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">in situ</emphasis>
. (F) . (F)
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF872C1FFC3B8B23FBFA6F5C" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[977,1098,1895,1916]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="millardae" status="sp. nov."> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF872C1FFC3B8B23FBFA6F5C" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[977,1098,1895,1916]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="millardae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFC3B8B23FBFA6F5C" box="[977,1098,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. millardae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF872C1FFC3B8B23FBFA6F5C" box="[977,1098,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. millardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF872C1FFBBB8B23FB2C6F5C" box="[1105,1180,1895,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF872C1FFBBB8B23FB2C6F5C" box="[1105,1180,1895,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ from the Maldives,
<caption id="DF726630FF862C1EFF7D8FDBFE6B6C07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" startId="5.[151,186,927,948]" targetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" targetPageId="5"> <caption id="DF726630FF862C1EFF7D8FDBFE6B6C07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" startId="5.[151,186,927,948]" targetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF862C1EFF7D8FDBFE6B6C07" blockId="5.[151,1436,927,1063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF862C1EFF7D8FDBFE6B6C07" blockId="5.[151,1436,927,1063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFE288FDBFDE76B94" box="[450,599,927,948]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFE288FDBFDE76B94" box="[450,599,927,948]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFE288FDBFD996B94" box="[450,553,927,948]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halopteris</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFE288FDBFD996B94" box="[450,553,927,948]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halopteris</emphasis>
spp. spp.
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -772,29 +772,29 @@ showing differences in their appearance. (A):
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, MHNG-INVE-97937. (B): , MHNG-INVE-97937. (B):
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFE758FF8FD176BF1" authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[415,679,956,977]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFE758FF8FD176BF1" authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[415,679,956,977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFE758FF8FDBA6BF1" box="[415,522,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFE758FF8FDBA6BF1" box="[415,522,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. sibogae</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF862C1EFDF08FF8FD106BF1" author="Billard A." box="[538,672,956,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF862C1EFDF08FF8FD106BF1" author="Billard A." box="[538,672,956,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): , MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E):
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFC328FF8FB616BF1" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[984,1233,956,977]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFC328FF8FB616BF1" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[984,1233,956,977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFC328FF8FBE16BF1" box="[984,1105,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFC328FF8FBE16BF1" box="[984,1105,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF862C1EFBB08FF8FB616BF1" author="Galea H. R." box="[1114,1233,956,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF862C1EFBB08FF8FB616BF1" author="Galea H. R." box="[1114,1233,956,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
from Bali (MHNG-INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): from Bali (MHNG-INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F):
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFB9C8F9CFB596BCD" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[1142,1257,984,1005]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov."> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFB9C8F9CFB596BCD" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[1142,1257,984,1005]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFB9C8F9CFB596BCD" box="[1142,1257,984,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. australis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFB9C8F9CFB596BCD" box="[1142,1257,984,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF862C1EFB1A8F9CFA8D6BCD" box="[1264,1341,984,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF862C1EFB1A8F9CFA8D6BCD" box="[1264,1341,984,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MHNG-INVE-82742). (G): (MHNG-INVE-82742). (G):
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFE438FB1FD966C2A" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[425,550,1013,1034]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="millardae" status="sp. nov."> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFE438FB1FD966C2A" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[425,550,1013,1034]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="millardae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFE438FB1FD966C2A" box="[425,550,1013,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. millardae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFE438FB1FD966C2A" box="[425,550,1013,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. millardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF862C1EFDC58FB1FD306C2A" box="[559,640,1013,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF862C1EFDC58FB1FD306C2A" box="[559,640,1013,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): , MHNG-INVE-98634. (H):
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFC718FB1FB9B6C2A" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[923,1067,1013,1034]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov."> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFC718FB1FB9B6C2A" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[923,1067,1013,1034]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFC718FB1FB9B6C2A" box="[923,1067,1013,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. brasiliensis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFC718FB1FB9B6C2A" box="[923,1067,1013,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF862C1EFBDE8FB1FB356C2A" box="[1076,1157,1013,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF862C1EFBDE8FB1FB356C2A" box="[1076,1157,1013,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ The ordinary cauline internodes bear usually 2-3 nematothecae above their corres
<caption id="DF726630FF862C1EFF7D8B7CFA256037" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" startId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" targetBox="[154,1436,259,2002]" targetPageId="6"> <caption id="DF726630FF862C1EFF7D8B7CFA256037" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" startId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" targetBox="[154,1436,259,2002]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF862C1EFF7D8B7CFAF26F84" blockId="5.[151,1437,1848,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF862C1EFF7D8B7CFAF26F84" blockId="5.[151,1437,1848,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
Fig. 3. (A-K) Fig. 3. (A-K)
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFECC8B7CFD156F6D" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[294,677,1848,1869]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFECC8B7CFD156F6D" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[294,677,1848,1869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFECC8B7CFDB96F6D" box="[294,521,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFECC8B7CFDB96F6D" box="[294,521,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF862C1EFDF28B7CFD2E6F6D" author="Billard A." box="[536,670,1848,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF862C1EFDF28B7CFD2E6F6D" author="Billard A." box="[536,670,1848,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ Fig. 3. (A-K)
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF862C1EFF098BE8FA256037" blockId="5.[151,1437,1848,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF862C1EFF098BE8FA256037" blockId="5.[151,1437,1848,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
(L-O) (L-O)
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFECB8BE8FE1A6FE1" box="[289,426,1964,1985]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF862C1EFECB8BE8FE1A6FE1" box="[289,426,1964,1985]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFECB8BE8FE386FE1" box="[289,392,1964,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halopteris</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF862C1EFECB8BE8FE386FE1" box="[289,392,1964,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halopteris</emphasis>
sp. sp.
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ and
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF842C1CFCD58E85FAFA6E58" blockId="7.[831,1437,258,2072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF842C1CFCD58E85FAFA6E58" blockId="7.[831,1437,258,2072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFCD58E85FB786AF8" authority="(Billard, 1911)" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[831,1224,705,728]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFCD58E85FB786AF8" authority="(Billard, 1911)" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[831,1224,705,728]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFCD58E85FBA36AF8" box="[831,1043,705,728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Halopteris nuttingi</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFCD58E85FBA36AF8" box="[831,1043,705,728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Halopteris nuttingi</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFBC38E85FB706AF8" author="Billard A." box="[1065,1216,705,728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFBC38E85FB706AF8" author="Billard A." box="[1065,1216,705,728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation>
@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ was synonymized with
by by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFBBF8EA5FAA56AD8" author="Schuchert P." box="[1109,1301,737,760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFBBF8EA5FAA56AD8" author="Schuchert P." box="[1109,1301,737,760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, an opinion not shared here. However, we agree with him that its inclusion in the synonymy of , an opinion not shared here. However, we agree with him that its inclusion in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFB738F65FA286B18" authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1177,1432,801,824]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFB738F65FA286B18" authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1177,1432,801,824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFB738F65FB4F6B18" box="[1177,1279,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFB738F65FB4F6B18" box="[1177,1279,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. buskii</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFAF98F65FA206B18" author="Bale W. M." box="[1299,1424,801,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFAF98F65FA206B18" author="Bale W. M." box="[1299,1424,801,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation>
@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ by
, is not justified as they have morphologically different gonothecae. According to , is not justified as they have morphologically different gonothecae. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFCD58FC5FC6D6BB8" author="Billard A." box="[831,989,897,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFCD58FC5FC6D6BB8" author="Billard A." box="[831,989,897,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
, ,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFC018FC5FBD26BB8" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1003,1122,897,920]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFC018FC5FBD26BB8" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1003,1122,897,920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFC018FC5FBD26BB8" box="[1003,1122,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFC018FC5FBD26BB8" box="[1003,1122,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
[as [as
@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ likely includes a complex of species (
), and it has been demonstrated, for instance, that at least one “morphotype” represents a distinct, well-characterized species ( ), and it has been demonstrated, for instance, that at least one “morphotype” represents a distinct, well-characterized species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFB058925FC036DB8" author="Galea H. R. &amp; Ferry R." pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="213 - 246" refId="ref26981" refString="Galea H. R., Ferry R. 2015. Notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria) from Martinique, with descriptions of five new species. Revue suisse de Zoologie 122 (2): 213 - 246." type="journal article" year="2015">Galea &amp; Ferry, 2015: 237</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFB058925FC036DB8" author="Galea H. R. &amp; Ferry R." pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="213 - 246" refId="ref26981" refString="Galea H. R., Ferry R. 2015. Notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria) from Martinique, with descriptions of five new species. Revue suisse de Zoologie 122 (2): 213 - 246." type="journal article" year="2015">Galea &amp; Ferry, 2015: 237</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, besides the distinctive shape of the lateral nematothecae, the number and position of their counterparts confined to the cauline internodes distal to hydrotheca is different in ). Moreover, besides the distinctive shape of the lateral nematothecae, the number and position of their counterparts confined to the cauline internodes distal to hydrotheca is different in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFBB989A5FB776DD8" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1107,1223,1505,1528]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFBB989A5FB776DD8" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1107,1223,1505,1528]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFBB989A5FB776DD8" box="[1107,1223,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFBB989A5FB776DD8" box="[1107,1223,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
(see (see
@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ likely includes a complex of species (
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF842C13FCAA8AC5FEF96959" blockId="7.[831,1437,258,2072]" lastBlockId="8.[151,757,258,2076]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="28"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF842C13FCAA8AC5FEF96959" blockId="7.[831,1437,258,2072]" lastBlockId="8.[151,757,258,2076]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
Additionally, it should be stressed that Additionally, it should be stressed that
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFB188AC5FAD96EB8" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1266,1385,1665,1688]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFB188AC5FAD96EB8" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1266,1385,1665,1688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFB188AC5FAD96EB8" box="[1266,1385,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFB188AC5FAD96EB8" box="[1266,1385,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
was created based on a was created based on a
@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ contains a mix of species, as Billard mentions (p. 22) ahydrothecate cladial int
( (
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFB238BC5FB576FB8" box="[1225,1255,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">sic</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFB238BC5FB576FB8" box="[1225,1255,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">sic</emphasis>
!) for !) for
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFACD8BC5FA2C6FB8" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1319,1436,1921,1944]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFACD8BC5FA2C6FB8" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1319,1436,1921,1944]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFACD8BC5FA2C6FB8" box="[1319,1436,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFACD8BC5FA2C6FB8" box="[1319,1436,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
has been designated (Coel. 5241) by has been designated (Coel. 5241) by
@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ has been designated (Coel. 5241) by
, ,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFBB08445FB216038" author="Billard A." box="[1114,1169,2049,2072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF842C1CFBB08445FB216038" author="Billard A." box="[1114,1169,2049,2072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation>
) record of ) record of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFAF18445FA266038" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1307,1430,2049,2072]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF842C1CFAF18445FA266038" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1307,1430,2049,2072]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFAF18445FA266038" box="[1307,1430,2049,2072]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF842C1CFAF18445FA266038" box="[1307,1430,2049,2072]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, at least two others seem to occur in the literature, , at least two others seem to occur in the literature,
@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ Literature records of
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FE648DC5FD8769B8" box="[398,567,385,408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FE648DC5FD8769B8" box="[398,567,385,408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
are a matter of debate, due to several main factors: 1) the lack of formal descriptions, or descriptions too succinct, sometimes not accompanied by illustrations, a situation mainly occurring in older literature; 2) only sterile material was available, thus generating confusion with are a matter of debate, due to several main factors: 1) the lack of formal descriptions, or descriptions too succinct, sometimes not accompanied by illustrations, a situation mainly occurring in older literature; 2) only sterile material was available, thus generating confusion with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FE1C8E5BFD406A16" authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[502,752,543,566]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FE1C8E5BFD406A16" authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[502,752,543,566]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FE1C8E5BFDEA6A16" box="[502,602,543,566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FE1C8E5BFDEA6A16" box="[502,602,543,566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FD818E5BFD576A16" author="Bale W. M." box="[619,743,543,566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FD818E5BFD576A16" author="Bale W. M." box="[619,743,543,566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation>
@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ high) cormoids. Specimens with tall stems were described, for instance, in mater
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FF7589EBFE256DE6" author="Rees W. J. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[159,405,1455,1478]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref28696" refString="Rees W. J., Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FF7589EBFE256DE6" author="Rees W. J. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[159,405,1455,1478]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref28696" refString="Rees W. J., Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987</bibRefCitation>
; as ; as
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FE5189EBFDAB6DE6" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[443,539,1455,1478]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FE5189EBFDAB6DE6" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[443,539,1455,1478]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FE5189EBFDAB6DE6" box="[443,539,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FE5189EBFDAB6DE6" box="[443,539,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
), and the ), and the
@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ high) cormoids. Specimens with tall stems were described, for instance, in mater
material is, obviously, a mix of species: one with very deep, almost tubular hydrothecae (her fig. 112K), while the other (her fig. 112L) corresponds morphologically to the redescription of the material is, obviously, a mix of species: one with very deep, almost tubular hydrothecae (her fig. 112K), while the other (her fig. 112L) corresponds morphologically to the redescription of the
<typeStatus id="54B6881AFF8B2C13FE758A09FDB16E44" box="[415,513,1613,1636]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus> <typeStatus id="54B6881AFF8B2C13FE758A09FDB16E44" box="[415,513,1613,1636]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FDC38A09FD3C6E44" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[553,652,1613,1636]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FDC38A09FD3C6E44" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[553,652,1613,1636]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FDC38A09FD3C6E44" box="[553,652,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FDC38A09FD3C6E44" box="[553,652,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
provided by provided by
@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ provided by
and the and the
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8B2C13FE9A8ACFFE526E82" box="[368,482,1675,1698]" name="Seychelles" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Seychelles</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8B2C13FE9A8ACFFE526E82" box="[368,482,1675,1698]" name="Seychelles" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
(part of the latter reexamined herein) belong to an as yet undescribed species, (part of the latter reexamined herein) belong to an as yet undescribed species,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FF7D8A8EFEC76EC1" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,375,1738,1761]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="millardae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FF7D8A8EFEC76EC1" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,375,1738,1761]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="millardae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FF7D8A8EFEC76EC1" box="[151,375,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Halopteris millardae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FF7D8A8EFEC76EC1" box="[151,375,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Halopteris millardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
(see below). (see below).
@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ and the
On the other hand, among the materials with smallsized cormoids, several morphological groups could be distinguished. First, there are specimens whose hydrothecae distinctly display sinuated margins ( On the other hand, among the materials with smallsized cormoids, several morphological groups could be distinguished. First, there are specimens whose hydrothecae distinctly display sinuated margins (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FD7F8B0CFEFF6F5F" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur, 1977</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FD7F8B0CFEFF6F5F" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur, 1977</bibRefCitation>
), and these belong to the new species, ), and these belong to the new species,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FF7D8BC3FEC66FBE" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,374,1927,1950]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FF7D8BC3FEC66FBE" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,374,1927,1950]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FF7D8BC3FEC66FBE" box="[151,374,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Halopteris australis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FF7D8BC3FEC66FBE" box="[151,374,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Halopteris australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, described below. Second, there are materials whose hydrothecae possess an even rim, but further divide into a subgroup with homomerouslysegmented cladia ( , described below. Second, there are materials whose hydrothecae possess an even rim, but further divide into a subgroup with homomerouslysegmented cladia (
@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ On the other hand, among the materials with smallsized cormoids, several morphol
); );
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FCAA8D05FBE76978" author="Ryland J. S. &amp; Gibbons M. J." box="[832,1111,321,344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland &amp; Gibbons (1991)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FCAA8D05FBE76978" author="Ryland J. S. &amp; Gibbons M. J." box="[832,1111,321,344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland &amp; Gibbons (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, as , as
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB958D05FB506978" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1151,1248,321,344]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB958D05FB506978" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1151,1248,321,344]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB958D05FB506978" box="[1151,1248,321,344]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB958D05FB506978" box="[1151,1248,321,344]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
; ;
@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ On the other hand, among the materials with smallsized cormoids, several morphol
, ,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FAE38D24FAF56957" author="Preker M. &amp; Lawn I. D." box="[1289,1349,352,375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="32 - 58" refId="ref28551" refString="Preker M., Lawn I. D. 2012. Hydroids from the Heron Island reef flat. Queensland Naturalist 50 (4 - 6): 32 - 58." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FAE38D24FAF56957" author="Preker M. &amp; Lawn I. D." box="[1289,1349,352,375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="32 - 58" refId="ref28551" refString="Preker M., Lawn I. D. 2012. Hydroids from the Heron Island reef flat. Queensland Naturalist 50 (4 - 6): 32 - 58." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
)]. Some specimens, among the materials with heteromerous cladia, are thought to belong to )]. Some specimens, among the materials with heteromerous cladia, are thought to belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB788DDBFA2C6996" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[1170,1436,415,438]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB788DDBFA2C6996" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[1170,1436,415,438]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB788DDBFAA56996" box="[1170,1301,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB788DDBFAA56996" box="[1170,1301,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FAF18DDBFA2C6996" author="Galea H. R." box="[1307,1436,415,438]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FAF18DDBFA2C6996" author="Galea H. R." box="[1307,1436,415,438]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ Leclère
.The voucher specimen used in that work (MHNG-INVE-30117, data in .The voucher specimen used in that work (MHNG-INVE-30117, data in
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8B2C13FCB58EBDFC526B30" box="[863,994,761,784]" captionStart="Appendix 2" captionStartId="37.[148,259,558,581]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Appendix 2. Sample data used for the molecular analyses. GenBank numbers in bold are new sequences. nd = no data." pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Appendix 2</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8B2C13FCB58EBDFC526B30" box="[863,994,761,784]" captionStart="Appendix 2" captionStartId="37.[148,259,558,581]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Appendix 2. Sample data used for the molecular analyses. GenBank numbers in bold are new sequences. nd = no data." pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Appendix 2</figureCitation>
) was re-examined for the purpose this study. The single cormoid is sterile and thus not reliably identifiable. It resembles ) was re-examined for the purpose this study. The single cormoid is sterile and thus not reliably identifiable. It resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FBA58F7CFB626B6F" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[1103,1234,824,847]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FBA58F7CFB626B6F" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[1103,1234,824,847]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FBA58F7CFB626B6F" box="[1103,1234,824,847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FBA58F7CFB626B6F" box="[1103,1234,824,847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, notably in having pairs of axillar nemathothecae associated to the cauline hydrothecae. More and especially fertile material is needed for a correct identification, as it likely belongs to an as yet undescribed species, according to the 16S data ( , notably in having pairs of axillar nemathothecae associated to the cauline hydrothecae. More and especially fertile material is needed for a correct identification, as it likely belongs to an as yet undescribed species, according to the 16S data (
@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ Leclère
). ).
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58FB1FCC66CE9" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58FB1FCC66CE9" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FCD58FB1FBF16C2C" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1089,1013,1036]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FCD58FB1FBF16C2C" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1089,1013,1036]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FCD58FB1FBF16C2C" box="[831,1089,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FCD58FB1FBF16C2C" box="[831,1089,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, as presently understood, can be separated from its congeners [see list in , as presently understood, can be separated from its congeners [see list in
@ -1282,14 +1282,14 @@ from the comparison, on the account of a series of diagnostic traits which separ
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58895FB956D07" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58895FB956D07" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
1) the fascicled habit of their stems [occasional in 1) the fascicled habit of their stems [occasional in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC8F88B5FB206D28" authority="(Busk, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[869,1168,1265,1288]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="campanula"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC8F88B5FB206D28" authority="(Busk, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[869,1168,1265,1288]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanula">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC8F88B5FC4D6D28" box="[869,1021,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. campanula</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC8F88B5FC4D6D28" box="[869,1021,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. campanula</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FBE088B5FB396D28" author="Busk G." box="[1034,1161,1265,1288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1846 - 1850" refId="ref26399" refString="Busk G. 1852. An account of the Polyzoa and sertularian zoophytes collected in the voyage of the &quot; Rattlesnake &quot; on the coast of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago, etc. (pp. 343 - 402). In: Macgillivray J. (ed). Narrative of the voyage of H. M. S. Rattlesnake commanded by the late Captain O. Stanley, R. N., F. R. S. etc., during the years 1846 - 1850. Vol. 1. Boone T. &amp; W., London, 402 pp." type="book chapter" year="1852">Busk, 1852</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FBE088B5FB396D28" author="Busk G." box="[1034,1161,1265,1288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1846 - 1850" refId="ref26399" refString="Busk G. 1852. An account of the Polyzoa and sertularian zoophytes collected in the voyage of the &quot; Rattlesnake &quot; on the coast of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago, etc. (pp. 343 - 402). In: Macgillivray J. (ed). Narrative of the voyage of H. M. S. Rattlesnake commanded by the late Captain O. Stanley, R. N., F. R. S. etc., during the years 1846 - 1850. Vol. 1. Boone T. &amp; W., London, 402 pp." type="book chapter" year="1852">Busk, 1852</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, common in , common in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FAF088B5FBA96D07" authority="(Stechow, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Stechow" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="valdiviae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FAF088B5FBA96D07" authority="(Stechow, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Stechow" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FAF088B5FA2C6D28" box="[1306,1436,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. valdiviae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FAF088B5FA2C6D28" box="[1306,1436,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. valdiviae</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC878954FBA16D07" author="Stechow E." box="[877,1041,1296,1319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref29086" refString="Stechow E. 1923. Neue Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 56 (1 - 2): 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC878954FBA16D07" author="Stechow E." box="[877,1041,1296,1319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref29086" refString="Stechow E. 1923. Neue Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 56 (1 - 2): 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
@ -1299,52 +1299,52 @@ from the comparison, on the account of a series of diagnostic traits which separ
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58974FAAD6DC4" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58974FAAD6DC4" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
2) their cladia arranged in opposite pairs [ 2) their cladia arranged in opposite pairs [
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FAF88974FB9D6D46" authority="(Johnston, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="catharina"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FAF88974FB9D6D46" authority="(Johnston, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="catharina">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FAF88974FA2D6D67" box="[1298,1437,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. catharina</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FAF88974FA2D6D67" box="[1298,1437,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. catharina</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC87890BFB956D46" author="Johnston G." box="[877,1061,1359,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="497 - 499" refId="ref27382" refString="Johnston G. 1833. Illustrations in British Zoology (15. Plumularia catharina). Magazine of Natural History 6: 497 - 499." type="journal article" year="1833">Johnston, 1833</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC87890BFB956D46" author="Johnston G." box="[877,1061,1359,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="497 - 499" refId="ref27382" refString="Johnston G. 1833. Illustrations in British Zoology (15. Plumularia catharina). Magazine of Natural History 6: 497 - 499." type="journal article" year="1833">Johnston, 1833</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, ,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FBA3890BFA286D46" authority="(Nutting, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1097,1432,1359,1382]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="clarkei"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FBA3890BFA286D46" authority="(Nutting, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1097,1432,1359,1382]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FBA3890BFB766D46" box="[1097,1222,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. clarkei</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FBA3890BFB766D46" box="[1097,1222,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. clarkei</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FB0F890BFA206D46" author="Nutting C. C." box="[1253,1424,1359,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref28108" refString="Nutting C. C. 1900. American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum 4 (1): 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FB0F890BFA206D46" author="Nutting C. C." box="[1253,1424,1359,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref28108" refString="Nutting C. C. 1900. American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum 4 (1): 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, ,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC8F892BFBE76DA6" authority="Galea, 2006" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2006" box="[869,1111,1391,1414]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="enersis"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC8F892BFBE76DA6" authority="Galea, 2006" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2006" box="[869,1111,1391,1414]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="enersis">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC8F892BFC606DA6" box="[869,976,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. enersis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC8F892BFC606DA6" box="[869,976,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. enersis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC3F892BFBE76DA6" author="Galea H. R." box="[981,1111,1391,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref26816" refString="Galea H. R. 2006. On two new species of Halopteris Allman, 1877 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa 1165: 57 - 68." type="journal article" year="2006">Galea, 2006</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC3F892BFBE76DA6" author="Galea H. R." box="[981,1111,1391,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref26816" refString="Galea H. R. 2006. On two new species of Halopteris Allman, 1877 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa 1165: 57 - 68." type="journal article" year="2006">Galea, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, ,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB8A892BFA286DA6" authority="Millard, 1962" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1962" box="[1120,1432,1391,1414]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="gemellipara"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB8A892BFA286DA6" authority="Millard, 1962" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1962" box="[1120,1432,1391,1414]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemellipara">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB8A892BFAB06DA6" box="[1120,1280,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. gemellipara</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB8A892BFAB06DA6" box="[1120,1280,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. gemellipara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FAEF892BFA286DA6" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[1285,1432,1391,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="261 - 319" refId="ref27779" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1962. The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part I. The Plumulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (11): 261 - 319." type="journal article" year="1962">Millard, 1962</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FAEF892BFA286DA6" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[1285,1432,1391,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="261 - 319" refId="ref27779" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1962. The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part I. The Plumulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (11): 261 - 319." type="journal article" year="1962">Millard, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, ,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC8F89CAFB296D85" authority="(Allman, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[869,1177,1422,1445]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="geminata"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC8F89CAFB296D85" authority="(Allman, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[869,1177,1422,1445]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="geminata">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC8F89CAFC5A6D85" box="[869,1002,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. geminata</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC8F89CAFC5A6D85" box="[869,1002,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. geminata</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC1389CAFB216D85" author="Allman G. J." box="[1017,1169,1422,1445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref25915" refString="Allman G. J. 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 5 (2): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC1389CAFB216D85" author="Allman G. J." box="[1017,1169,1422,1445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref25915" refString="Allman G. J. 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 5 (2): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, ,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB4E89CAFB9C6DE5" authority="(Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Mulder &amp; Trebilcock" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="opposita"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB4E89CAFB9C6DE5" authority="(Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Mulder &amp; Trebilcock" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="opposita">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB4E89CAFA926D85" box="[1188,1314,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. opposita</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB4E89CAFA926D85" box="[1188,1314,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. opposita</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FADA89CAFB946DE5" author="Mulder J. F. &amp; Trebilcock R. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="115 - 124" refId="ref28066" refString="Mulder J. F., Trebilcock R. E. 1911. Notes on Victorian Hydroida, with description of new species. (Continued). Geelong Naturalist (2) 4 (4): 115 - 124." type="journal article" year="1911">Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1911</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FADA89CAFB946DE5" author="Mulder J. F. &amp; Trebilcock R. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="115 - 124" refId="ref28066" refString="Mulder J. F., Trebilcock R. E. 1911. Notes on Victorian Hydroida, with description of new species. (Continued). Geelong Naturalist (2) 4 (4): 115 - 124." type="journal article" year="1911">Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1911</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, ,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FBD789EAFA286DE5" authority="(Pictet, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1085,1432,1454,1477]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="plagiocampa"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FBD789EAFA286DE5" authority="(Pictet, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1085,1432,1454,1477]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plagiocampa">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FBD789EAFB406DE5" box="[1085,1264,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. plagiocampa</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FBD789EAFB406DE5" box="[1085,1264,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. plagiocampa</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FAEF89EAFA206DE5" author="Pictet C." box="[1285,1424,1454,1477]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref28297" refString="Pictet C. 1893. Etude sur les Hydraires de la Baie d'Amboine. Revue suisse de Zoologie 1: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1893">Pictet, 1893</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FAEF89EAFA206DE5" author="Pictet C." box="[1285,1424,1454,1477]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref28297" refString="Pictet C. 1893. Etude sur les Hydraires de la Baie d'Amboine. Revue suisse de Zoologie 1: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1893">Pictet, 1893</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, ,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC8F8989FAA26DC4" authority="Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003" authorityName="Vervoort &amp; Watson" authorityYear="2003" box="[869,1298,1485,1508]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="prominens"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC8F8989FAA26DC4" authority="Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003" authorityName="Vervoort &amp; Watson" authorityYear="2003" box="[869,1298,1485,1508]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="prominens">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC8F8989FC466DC4" box="[869,1014,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. prominens</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC8F8989FC466DC4" box="[869,1014,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. prominens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC168989FAA26DC4" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[1020,1298,1485,1508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref29439" refString="Vervoort W., Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC168989FAA26DC4" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[1020,1298,1485,1508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref29439" refString="Vervoort W., Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -1352,21 +1352,21 @@ from the comparison, on the account of a series of diagnostic traits which separ
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD589A9FB2A6E42" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD589A9FB2A6E42" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
3) their gutter-shaped hydrothecae [ 3) their gutter-shaped hydrothecae [
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB3989A9FBF26E03" authority="(Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Mulder &amp; Trebilcock" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="everta"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB3989A9FBF26E03" authority="(Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Mulder &amp; Trebilcock" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="everta">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB3989A9FA8A6E24" box="[1235,1338,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. everta</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB3989A9FA8A6E24" box="[1235,1338,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. everta</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FAA689A9FB8A6E03" author="Mulder J. F. &amp; Trebilcock R. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="29 - 35" refId="ref28028" refString="Mulder J. F., Trebilcock R. E. 1909. Notes on Victorian Hydroida, with description of new species. Geelong Naturalist (2) 4 (1): 29 - 35." type="journal article" year="1909">Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1909</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FAA689A9FB8A6E03" author="Mulder J. F. &amp; Trebilcock R. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="29 - 35" refId="ref28028" refString="Mulder J. F., Trebilcock R. E. 1909. Notes on Victorian Hydroida, with description of new species. Geelong Naturalist (2) 4 (1): 29 - 35." type="journal article" year="1909">Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1909</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
], or 4) their hydrothecae divided by internal septa [ ], or 4) their hydrothecae divided by internal septa [
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FBC58A68FA286E63" authority="(Billard, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1071,1432,1580,1603]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphragmata"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FBC58A68FA286E63" authority="(Billard, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1071,1432,1580,1603]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphragmata">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FBC58A68FB5A6E63" box="[1071,1258,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. diaphragmata</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FBC58A68FB5A6E63" box="[1071,1258,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. diaphragmata</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FB168A68FA206E63" author="Billard A." box="[1276,1424,1580,1603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FB168A68FA206E63" author="Billard A." box="[1276,1424,1580,1603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, ,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC8F8A0FFBC26E42" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[869,1138,1611,1634]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="jedani"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC8F8A0FFBC26E42" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[869,1138,1611,1634]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jedani">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC8F8A0FFC796E42" box="[869,969,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. jedani</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC8F8A0FFC796E42" box="[869,969,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. jedani</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC3D8A0FFBDA6E42" author="Billard A." box="[983,1130,1611,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC3D8A0FFBDA6E42" author="Billard A." box="[983,1130,1611,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
@ -1376,7 +1376,7 @@ from the comparison, on the account of a series of diagnostic traits which separ
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58A2EFBAE6E81" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58A2EFBAE6E81" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
5) provided with either an abaxial cusp ( 5) provided with either an abaxial cusp (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FACA8A2EFC4A6E81" authority="Millard, 1975" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1975" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FACA8A2EFC4A6E81" authority="Millard, 1975" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1975" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FACA8A2EFA2C6EA1" box="[1312,1436,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. rostrata</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FACA8A2EFA2C6EA1" box="[1312,1436,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. rostrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC8F8ACEFC4A6E81" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[869,1018,1674,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref27821" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1975. Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FC8F8ACEFC4A6E81" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[869,1018,1674,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref27821" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1975. Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ from the comparison, on the account of a series of diagnostic traits which separ
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58AEDFAC36EE0" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" box="[831,1395,1705,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58AEDFAC36EE0" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" box="[831,1395,1705,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
6) a longitudinal carina ( 6) a longitudinal carina (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FBBA8AEDFAD76EE0" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1104,1383,1705,1728]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="carinata"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FBBA8AEDFAD76EE0" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1104,1383,1705,1728]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carinata">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FBBA8AEDFB7B6EE0" box="[1104,1227,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. carinata</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FBBA8AEDFB7B6EE0" box="[1104,1227,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. carinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FB3A8AEDFAD76EE0" author="Allman G. J." box="[1232,1383,1705,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref25915" refString="Allman G. J. 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 5 (2): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FB3A8AEDFAD76EE0" author="Allman G. J." box="[1232,1383,1705,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref25915" refString="Allman G. J. 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 5 (2): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -1392,7 +1392,7 @@ from the comparison, on the account of a series of diagnostic traits which separ
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58A8DFB636EDF" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58A8DFB636EDF" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
7) the presence of two pairs of lateral nematothecae ( 7) the presence of two pairs of lateral nematothecae (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC848AACFB786EDF" authority="Vervoort, 1966" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1966" box="[878,1224,1768,1791]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="infundibulum"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC848AACFB786EDF" authority="Vervoort, 1966" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1966" box="[878,1224,1768,1791]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC848AACFBAD6EDF" box="[878,1053,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. infundibulum</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC848AACFBAD6EDF" box="[878,1053,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. infundibulum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FBC98AACFB786EDF" author="Vervoort W." box="[1059,1224,1768,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref29348" refString="Vervoort W. 1966. Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition 1950 - 1952. Galathea Report 8: 97 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vervoort, 1966</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FBC98AACFB786EDF" author="Vervoort W." box="[1059,1224,1768,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref29348" refString="Vervoort W. 1966. Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition 1950 - 1952. Galathea Report 8: 97 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vervoort, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -1400,7 +1400,7 @@ from the comparison, on the account of a series of diagnostic traits which separ
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58B4CFA866F1E" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8B2C13FCD58B4CFA866F1E" blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
As to the remaining species, their differences to As to the remaining species, their differences to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FCD58B63FC516F1E" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,993,1831,1854]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FCD58B63FC516F1E" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,993,1831,1854]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FCD58B63FC516F1E" box="[831,993,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FCD58B63FC516F1E" box="[831,993,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
are summarized in Appendix 1. are summarized in Appendix 1.
@ -1409,27 +1409,27 @@ are summarized in Appendix 1.
Among them, according to the phylogenetic tree shown in Among them, according to the phylogenetic tree shown in
<figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8B2C13FCD58B22FCCD6F5D" box="[831,893,1894,1917]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="30.[151,183,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,939,1919]" captionTargetId="graphics-311@30.[151,1436,881,1926]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Halopterididae species obtained with RAxML (GTR + G + I model) based on 547 bp positions (after Gblock treatment) of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if&gt; 70%). For more details, see text and Appendix 2. Highlighted in yellow boxes are species discussed in the text, boxed in grey are other species clades with more than one sample, which permit to assess the intraspecific divergences observed in this family." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590684/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8B2C13FCD58B22FCCD6F5D" box="[831,893,1894,1917]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="30.[151,183,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,939,1919]" captionTargetId="graphics-311@30.[151,1436,881,1926]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Halopterididae species obtained with RAxML (GTR + G + I model) based on 547 bp positions (after Gblock treatment) of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if&gt; 70%). For more details, see text and Appendix 2. Highlighted in yellow boxes are species discussed in the text, boxed in grey are other species clades with more than one sample, which permit to assess the intraspecific divergences observed in this family." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590684/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, ,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC618B22FB9D6F5D" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[907,1069,1894,1917]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FC618B22FB9D6F5D" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[907,1069,1894,1917]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC618B22FB9D6F5D" box="[907,1069,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FC618B22FB9D6F5D" box="[907,1069,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
comes close to comes close to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB3D8B22FC486FBD" authority="Schuchert, 1997" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="platygonotheca"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8B2C13FB3D8B22FC486FBD" authority="Schuchert, 1997" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platygonotheca">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB3D8B22FA2C6F5D" box="[1239,1436,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. platygonotheca</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8B2C13FB3D8B22FA2C6F5D" box="[1239,1436,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. platygonotheca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FCD58BC2FC486FBD" author="Schuchert P." box="[831,1016,1926,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8B2C13FCD58BC2FC486FBD" author="Schuchert P." box="[831,1016,1926,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
. Besides notable differences in their respective female gonothecae (pear-shaped in the former, and conspicuously laterally-flattened in the latter), their trophosomes display several common characters: 1) their stem internodes are long and provided with several nematothecae distal to the hydrothecae [commonly 2-3 (but up to 5 possible) in . Besides notable differences in their respective female gonothecae (pear-shaped in the former, and conspicuously laterally-flattened in the latter), their trophosomes display several common characters: 1) their stem internodes are long and provided with several nematothecae distal to the hydrothecae [commonly 2-3 (but up to 5 possible) in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FE318D66FD306919" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[475,640,290,313]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FE318D66FD306919" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[475,640,290,313]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FE318D66FD306919" box="[475,640,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FE318D66FD306919" box="[475,640,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, and from 1 (sample MHNG-INVE-97943) to 1-3 (sample HRG- 1288) in , and from 1 (sample MHNG-INVE-97943) to 1-3 (sample HRG- 1288) in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FF118D26FE716959" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" box="[251,449,354,377]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="platygonotheca"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FF118D26FE716959" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" box="[251,449,354,377]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platygonotheca">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FF118D26FE716959" box="[251,449,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">H. platygonotheca</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FF118D26FE716959" box="[251,449,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">H. platygonotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
]; 2) the occurrence (regular in the former and occasional in the latter) of an axillar nematotheca behind the cauline hydrothecae; 3) their cladial ahydrothecate internodes are long; 4) the apophyses supporting their lateral nematothecae are inconspicuous, and the thecae themselves do not reach the hydrothecal rim. ]; 2) the occurrence (regular in the former and occasional in the latter) of an axillar nematotheca behind the cauline hydrothecae; 3) their cladial ahydrothecate internodes are long; 4) the apophyses supporting their lateral nematothecae are inconspicuous, and the thecae themselves do not reach the hydrothecal rim.
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Taken together, the previous supposed morphological variability of, and the implicit difficulty in establishing a specific limitation in Taken together, the previous supposed morphological variability of, and the implicit difficulty in establishing a specific limitation in
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<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FE728EC6FD8C6AB9" box="[408,572,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FE728EC6FD8C6AB9" box="[408,572,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
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, are now solved through the discovery of additional records in perfect agreement with the , are now solved through the discovery of additional records in perfect agreement with the

View file

@ -1,78 +1,78 @@
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<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58A04FC1A6E52" blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58A04FC1A6E52" blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A9FF882C10FCD58A04FB196E75" author="Galea H. R." box="[831,1193,1600,1621]" page="42" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" year="2008"> <treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A9FF882C10FCD58A04FB196E75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4669244" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4669244" author="Galea H. R." box="[831,1193,1600,1621]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8789FFC0C168FF1E70C025DC7F05" page="42" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" year="2008">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58A04FB196E75" authority="Galea, 2008: 42" authorityName="Galea" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="2008" box="[831,1193,1600,1621]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58A04FB196E75" ID-CoL="3JFRG" authority="Galea, 2008: 42" authorityName="Galea" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="2008" box="[831,1193,1600,1621]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58A04FBB56E75" box="[831,1029,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58A04FBB56E75" box="[831,1029,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF882C10FBE68A04FB196E75" author="Galea H. R." box="[1036,1193,1600,1621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008: 42</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF882C10FBE68A04FB196E75" author="Galea H. R." box="[1036,1193,1600,1621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008: 42</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ C-E, 5;
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58A3EFA2B6EE9" blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58A3EFA2B6EE9" blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF882C10FCD58A3EFA2B6EE9" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF882C10FCD58A3EFA2B6EE9" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58A3EFB916EAF" ID-CoL="3JFR5" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1057,1658,1679]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58A3EFB916EAF" ID-CoL="3JFR5" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1057,1658,1679]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58A3EFB916EAF" box="[831,1057,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58A3EFB916EAF" box="[831,1057,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ Ansín Agís
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58B4EFA336F3F" blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" box="[831,1411,1802,1823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58B4EFA336F3F" blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" box="[831,1411,1802,1823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF882C10FCD58B4EFA336F3F" box="[831,1411,1802,1823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF882C10FCD58B4EFA336F3F" box="[831,1411,1802,1823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58B4EFC556F3F" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[831,997,1802,1823]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58B4EFC556F3F" ID-CoL="6KZKK" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[831,997,1802,1823]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58B4EFC556F3F" box="[831,997,1802,1823]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58B4EFC556F3F" box="[831,997,1802,1823]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
(?) (?)
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Ansín Agís
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58B63FBE76F79" blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58B63FBE76F79" blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF882C10FCD58B63FBE76F79" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF882C10FCD58B63FBE76F79" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58B63FC536F1C" box="[831,995,1831,1852]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buski"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58B63FC536F1C" box="[831,995,1831,1852]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buski">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58B63FC536F1C" box="[831,995,1831,1852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris buski</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58B63FC536F1C" box="[831,995,1831,1852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris buski</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
(?) (?)
@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ non
<subSubSection id="C3176533FF882C16FCD58BA1FECE6CBB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF882C16FCD58BA1FECE6CBB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C16FCD58BA1FECE6CBB" blockId="11.[831,1436,2021,2077]" lastBlockId="13.[151,757,258,1179]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C16FCD58BA1FECE6CBB" blockId="11.[831,1436,2021,2077]" lastBlockId="13.[151,757,258,1179]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58BA1FB9C6FDC" bold="true" box="[831,1068,2021,2044]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Material examined:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58BA1FB9C6FDC" bold="true" box="[831,1068,2021,2044]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF882C16FBD18BA1FEA46956" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054307" accessionNumber="MF773743" collectingDate="2016-01-29" collectorName="D. Maggioni &amp; S. Montano" elevation="3" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1"> <materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF882C16FBD18BA1FEA46956" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979410307" accessionNumber="MF773743" collectingDate="2016-01-29" collectorName="D. Maggioni &amp; S. Montano" elevation="3" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1">
MHNG-INVE-98635; MHNG-INVE-98635;
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF882C10FAD18BA1FC75603D" name="Maldives" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Republic of Maldives</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF882C10FAD18BA1FC75603D" name="Maldives" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Republic of Maldives</collectingCountry>
, Faafu Atoll, Magoodhoo Island, 3.07606° 72.96159°, , Faafu Atoll, Magoodhoo Island, 3.07606° 72.96159°,
@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ high, some of them bearing female gonothecae; 16S sequence
<accessionNumber id="945EAB5BFF8E2C16FF7D8D1BFEA46956" box="[151,276,351,374]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF773743" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MF773743</accessionNumber> <accessionNumber id="945EAB5BFF8E2C16FF7D8D1BFEA46956" box="[151,276,351,374]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF773743" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MF773743</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
. .
<materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FEBC8D1BFDD069D2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054309" accessionNumber="MF773742" collectingDate="2016-04-13" collectorName="D. Maggioni &amp; S. Montano" country="Maldives" elevation="10" location="Faafu Atoll" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1"> <materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FEBC8D1BFDD069D2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979410304" accessionNumber="MF773742" collectingDate="2016-04-13" collectorName="D. Maggioni &amp; S. Montano" country="Maldives" elevation="10" location="Faafu Atoll" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
MHNG-INVE-98636; MHNG-INVE-98636;
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FD888D1BFF4D69B5" name="Maldives" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Republic of Maldives</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FD888D1BFF4D69B5" name="Maldives" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Republic of Maldives</collectingCountry>
, ,
@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ high, of which one bears two young female gonothecae; 16S sequence
<accessionNumber id="945EAB5BFF8E2C16FE0E8D9FFDD069D2" box="[484,608,475,498]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF773742" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MF773742</accessionNumber> <accessionNumber id="945EAB5BFF8E2C16FE0E8D9FFDD069D2" box="[484,608,475,498]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF773742" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MF773742</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
. .
<materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FD738D9FFD206A6F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054319" collectingDate="2015-04-10" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Galea" country="Indonesia" elevation="5" location="Pemuteran" municipality="Bay" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali"> <materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FD738D9FFD206A6F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979410308" collectingDate="2015-04-10" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Galea" country="Indonesia" elevation="5" location="Pemuteran" municipality="Bay" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
MHNG-INVE-97952; MHNG-INVE-97952;
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FED18DBEFE176A31" box="[315,423,506,529]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Indonesia</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FED18DBEFE176A31" box="[315,423,506,529]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, ,
@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ MHNG-INVE-97952;
<quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8E2C16FE048E7CFD8A6A6F" box="[494,570,568,591]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8E2C16FE048E7CFD8A6A6F" box="[494,570,568,591]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
high. high.
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FD708E7CFE426AEA" collectingDate="1969-09-13" elevation="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="34"> <materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FD708E7CFE426AEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979410306" collectingDate="1969-09-13" elevation="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
MHNG-INVE-98633; MHNG-INVE-98633;
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FEDB8E13FE046A4E" box="[305,436,599,622]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Madagascar</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FEDB8E13FE046A4E" box="[305,436,599,622]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, ,
@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ reef, -23.48234° 43.73285°,
high high
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
. .
<materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FDF08EF7FEEA6B66" collectingDate="2008-01-22" elevation="0.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="34"> <materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FDF08EF7FEEA6B66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979410302" collectingDate="2008-01-22" elevation="0.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
HRG-0337; HRG-0337;
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FD4E8EF7FD406AEA" box="[676,752,691,714]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">France</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FD4E8EF7FD406AEA" box="[676,752,691,714]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">France</collectingCountry>
, ,
@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ HRG-0337;
high, some bearing male gonothecae high, some bearing male gonothecae
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
. .
<materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FE628F6BFE926B83" collectingDate="2014-02-27" elevation="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34"> <materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FE628F6BFE926B83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979410303" collectingDate="2014-02-27" elevation="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
HRG-0897; HRG-0897;
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FDFC8F6BFDD26B66" box="[534,610,815,838]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">France</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FDFC8F6BFDD26B66" box="[534,610,815,838]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">France</collectingCountry>
, ,
@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ HRG-0897;
high high
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
. .
<materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FEA38FC8FDE36C3F" collectingDate="2017-07-24" elevation="1.75" pageId="13" pageNumber="34"> <materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FEA38FC8FDE36C3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979410305" collectingDate="2017-07-24" elevation="1.75" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
HRG-1339; HRG-1339;
<collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FE398FC8FDAF6B83" box="[467,543,908,931]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">France</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8E2C16FE398FC8FDAF6B83" box="[467,543,908,931]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">France</collectingCountry>
, ,
@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ high, many bearing male gonothecae, and one their female counterpart; 16S sequen
<accessionNumber id="945EAB5BFF8E2C16FE32884CFDE36C3F" box="[472,595,1032,1055]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF773741" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MF773741</accessionNumber> <accessionNumber id="945EAB5BFF8E2C16FE32884CFDE36C3F" box="[472,595,1032,1055]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF773741" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MF773741</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
. .
<materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FD6E884CFECA6CBB" collectingDate="2017-09-06" elevation="11.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34"> <materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8E2C16FD6E884CFECA6CBB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4979410301" collectingDate="2017-09-06" elevation="11.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE7DFF8E2C16FD6E884CFD016C3F" box="[644,689,1032,1055]" country="New Zealand" name="Dominion Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">DM</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="ED1CAE7DFF8E2C16FD6E884CFD016C3F" box="[644,689,1032,1055]" country="New Zealand" name="Dominion Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">DM</collectionCode>
&amp;SM- CU005; &amp;SM- CU005;
<collectorName id="26F8536EFF8E2C16FEEE8863FE616C1E" box="[260,465,1063,1086]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Dutch Caribbean</collectorName> <collectorName id="26F8536EFF8E2C16FEEE8863FE616C1E" box="[260,465,1063,1086]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Dutch Caribbean</collectorName>
@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ high; 16S sequence
<caption id="DF726630FF8F2C17FF7D8AC4FC846F62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" startId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" targetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" targetPageId="12"> <caption id="DF726630FF8F2C17FF7D8AC4FC846F62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" startId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" targetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8F2C17FF7D8AC4FC846F62" blockId="12.[151,1437,1664,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8F2C17FF7D8AC4FC846F62" blockId="12.[151,1437,1664,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
Fig. 5. Fig. 5.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8F2C17FF098AC4FD966EB5" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[227,550,1664,1685]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8F2C17FF098AC4FD966EB5" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[227,550,1664,1685]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8F2C17FF098AC4FE196EB5" box="[227,425,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8F2C17FF098AC4FE196EB5" box="[227,425,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8F2C17FE5B8AC4FD966EB5" author="Galea H. R." box="[433,550,1664,1685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8F2C17FE5B8AC4FD966EB5" author="Galea H. R." box="[433,550,1664,1685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with clad
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8E2C16FF7D88F6FDCF6FEF" blockId="13.[151,756,1202,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8E2C16FF7D88F6FDCF6FEF" blockId="13.[151,756,1202,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8E2C16FF7D88F6FEBE6CE9" bold="true" box="[151,270,1202,1225]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8E2C16FF7D88F6FEBE6CE9" bold="true" box="[151,270,1202,1225]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Small-sized (up to 2.0 cm high) Small-sized (up to 2.0 cm high)
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8E2C16FD6888F6FD446CE9" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[642,756,1202,1225]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8E2C16FD6888F6FD446CE9" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[642,756,1202,1225]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8E2C16FD6888F6FD446CE9" box="[642,756,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Halopteris</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8E2C16FD6888F6FD446CE9" box="[642,756,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Halopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
with homomerously-divided stems; internodes rather short, comprising a hydrotheca in their lower 2/3rd part, a well-developed lateral apophysis, and up to 7 nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, 2 axillar, and 1-2 superior ones in a median row). Cladia alternate, divided heteromerously; hydrothecate internodes comparatively longer than their ahydrothecate counterparts, bearing a centrally-placed hydrotheca and up to 5 nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals and generally 1, exceptionally 2, axillar nematothecae); ahydrothecate internodes very short, carrying single nematotheca in their lower halves. Hydrotheca deep, tubular, slightly flaring below aperture, rim circular, slightly scooped in lateral view. Lateral nematothecae barely surpassing hydrothecal rim, borne on well-developed apophyses; conical, walls of lower chamber gradually thickening distally, apical chamber shallow, rim from lowered to sinuated adaxially. with homomerously-divided stems; internodes rather short, comprising a hydrotheca in their lower 2/3rd part, a well-developed lateral apophysis, and up to 7 nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, 2 axillar, and 1-2 superior ones in a median row). Cladia alternate, divided heteromerously; hydrothecate internodes comparatively longer than their ahydrothecate counterparts, bearing a centrally-placed hydrotheca and up to 5 nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals and generally 1, exceptionally 2, axillar nematothecae); ahydrothecate internodes very short, carrying single nematotheca in their lower halves. Hydrotheca deep, tubular, slightly flaring below aperture, rim circular, slightly scooped in lateral view. Lateral nematothecae barely surpassing hydrothecal rim, borne on well-developed apophyses; conical, walls of lower chamber gradually thickening distally, apical chamber shallow, rim from lowered to sinuated adaxially.
@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ in their Fijian specimens assigned to
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8D2C15FCB48882FC726CFD" box="[862,962,1222,1245]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">H. buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8D2C15FCB48882FC726CFD" box="[862,962,1222,1245]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">H. buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, is nothing else than the couple of cauline axillar nematothecae. Similarly so, besides the commonly seen single cladial axillar nematothecae, “two mediosuperior nematothecae are often present behind the free adcauline wall of the hydrotheca”. These, combined to the heteromerous segmentation of cladia, the shape and size of both hydro-and lateral nematothecae, and the morphology of the female gonotheca, suggest that their specimens are, most probably, conspecific with , is nothing else than the couple of cauline axillar nematothecae. Similarly so, besides the commonly seen single cladial axillar nematothecae, “two mediosuperior nematothecae are often present behind the free adcauline wall of the hydrotheca”. These, combined to the heteromerous segmentation of cladia, the shape and size of both hydro-and lateral nematothecae, and the morphology of the female gonotheca, suggest that their specimens are, most probably, conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8D2C15FCD589ACFC726DDF" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[831,962,1512,1535]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8D2C15FCD589ACFC726DDF" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[831,962,1512,1535]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8D2C15FCD589ACFC726DDF" box="[831,962,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8D2C15FCD589ACFC726DDF" box="[831,962,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
. .
@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ The Japanese materials assigned to both
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8D2C15FAF38A4CFA2C6E3F" box="[1305,1436,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Heterotheca</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8D2C15FAF38A4CFA2C6E3F" box="[1305,1436,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Heterotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
and and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8D2C15FC998A6CFB9B6E1F" box="[883,1067,1576,1599]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buski"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8D2C15FC998A6CFB9B6E1F" box="[883,1067,1576,1599]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buski">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8D2C15FC998A6CFB9B6E1F" box="[883,1067,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Halopteris buski</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8D2C15FC998A6CFB9B6E1F" box="[883,1067,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Halopteris buski</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
( (
@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ and
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8D2C14FCD58B4DFED869F9" blockId="14.[831,1437,258,2077]" lastBlockId="15.[151,757,258,1304]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8D2C14FCD58B4DFED869F9" blockId="14.[831,1437,258,2077]" lastBlockId="15.[151,757,258,1304]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
The presence of The presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8D2C15FC1C8B4DFBCA6F00" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[1014,1146,1801,1824]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8D2C15FC1C8B4DFBCA6F00" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[1014,1146,1801,1824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8D2C15FC1C8B4DFBCA6F00" box="[1014,1146,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8D2C15FC1C8B4DFBCA6F00" box="[1014,1146,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, originally described from the Caribbean ( , originally described from the Caribbean (
@ -618,56 +618,56 @@ The presence of
). Whether these species primarily occurred in one geographical area and spread afterwards elsewhere, could not be established at this stage, but it is obvious that only the frequency of the collecting efforts first revealed their presence in one area but not in the other. ). Whether these species primarily occurred in one geographical area and spread afterwards elsewhere, could not be established at this stage, but it is obvious that only the frequency of the collecting efforts first revealed their presence in one area but not in the other.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FF7D8DA6FE566D38" blockId="15.[151,757,258,1304]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FF7D8DA6FE566D38" blockId="15.[151,757,258,1304]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8DA6FECE69D9" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,382,482,505]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8DA6FECE69D9" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,382,482,505]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8DA6FECE69D9" box="[151,382,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8DA6FECE69D9" box="[151,382,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
comes close to a number of nominal species through the occurrence of paired axillar nematothecae behind the cauline hydrothecae and the heteromerous segmentation of its cladia, comes close to a number of nominal species through the occurrence of paired axillar nematothecae behind the cauline hydrothecae and the heteromerous segmentation of its cladia,
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FDA68E06FDDA6A79" box="[588,618,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">viz</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FDA68E06FDDA6A79" box="[588,618,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">viz</emphasis>
. .
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FD9C8E06FD446A79" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[630,756,578,601]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov."> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FD9C8E06FD446A79" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[630,756,578,601]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FD9C8E06FD446A79" box="[630,756,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. australis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FD9C8E06FD446A79" box="[630,756,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF8C2C14FF7D8E25FF416A58" box="[151,241,609,632]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF8C2C14FF7D8E25FF416A58" box="[151,241,609,632]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see below), (see below),
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FE7E8E25FD866A58" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[404,566,609,632]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FE7E8E25FD866A58" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[404,566,609,632]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FE7E8E25FD866A58" box="[404,566,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. brasiliensis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FE7E8E25FD866A58" box="[404,566,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
(see below), (see below),
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FD308E25FD096AB8" authority="(Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liechtensternii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FD308E25FD096AB8" authority="(Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="liechtensternii">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FD308E25FE806AB8" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. liechtensternii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FD308E25FE806AB8" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. liechtensternii</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FEAD8EC5FD016AB8" author="Marktanner-Turneretscher G." box="[327,689,641,664]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="195 - 286" refId="ref27685" refString="Marktanner-Turneretscher G. 1890. Die Hydroiden des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 5: 195 - 286." type="journal article" year="1890">Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FEAD8EC5FD016AB8" author="Marktanner-Turneretscher G." box="[327,689,641,664]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="195 - 286" refId="ref27685" refString="Marktanner-Turneretscher G. 1890. Die Hydroiden des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 5: 195 - 286." type="journal article" year="1890">Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, and , and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8EE5FE016A98" authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,433,673,696]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8EE5FE016A98" authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,433,673,696]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8EE5FEBA6A98" box="[151,266,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8EE5FEBA6A98" box="[151,266,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. sibogae</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FEFD8EE5FE186A98" author="Billard A." box="[279,424,673,696]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FEFD8EE5FE186A98" author="Billard A." box="[279,424,673,696]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
. However, unlike . However, unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FD9A8EE5FD5D6A98" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[624,749,673,696]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FD9A8EE5FD5D6A98" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[624,749,673,696]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FD9A8EE5FD5D6A98" box="[624,749,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. australis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FD9A8EE5FD5D6A98" box="[624,749,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, it does not possess hydrothecae with distinctly sinuated margins or exceedingly-long lateral nematothecae, respectively. On the other hand, , it does not possess hydrothecae with distinctly sinuated margins or exceedingly-long lateral nematothecae, respectively. On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FE0E8F45FDCD6B38" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[484,637,769,792]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FE0E8F45FDCD6B38" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[484,637,769,792]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FE0E8F45FDCD6B38" box="[484,637,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. brasiliensis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FE0E8F45FDCD6B38" box="[484,637,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
is a species forming taller cormoids, with thicker stems and cladia, broader hydrothecae, and cauline superior nematothecae distinctly arranged into two longitudinal rows; unlike in is a species forming taller cormoids, with thicker stems and cladia, broader hydrothecae, and cauline superior nematothecae distinctly arranged into two longitudinal rows; unlike in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8FC5FEAC6BB8" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,284,897,920]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8FC5FEAC6BB8" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,284,897,920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8FC5FEAC6BB8" box="[151,284,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8FC5FEAC6BB8" box="[151,284,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, its cauline hydrothecae occupy nearly the whole length of the internode. , its cauline hydrothecae occupy nearly the whole length of the internode.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FE088FE5FD446B98" baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[482,756,929,952]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liechtensternii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FE088FE5FD446B98" baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[482,756,929,952]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="liechtensternii">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FE088FE5FD446B98" box="[482,756,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris liechtensternii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FE088FE5FD446B98" box="[482,756,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris liechtensternii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
is a species with comparatively longer stem internodes (and, implicitly, more widely-spaced cladia), provided regularly with 2-3 superior nematothecae arranged in two distinct rows, its female gonothecae are much longer and almost cylindrical, while its males appear dwarfed compared to those of the present species. is a species with comparatively longer stem internodes (and, implicitly, more widely-spaced cladia), provided regularly with 2-3 superior nematothecae arranged in two distinct rows, its female gonothecae are much longer and almost cylindrical, while its males appear dwarfed compared to those of the present species.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FD688825FF5A6CB8" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FD688825FF5A6CB8" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FD688825FF5A6CB8" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FD688825FF5A6CB8" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris sibogae</emphasis>
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, besides many common features shared with , besides many common features shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D88E5FE926C98" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,290,1185,1208]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D88E5FE926C98" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,290,1185,1208]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D88E5FE926C98" box="[151,290,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D88E5FE926C98" box="[151,290,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
(see under the former), is immediately distinguishable through its exceedingly long lateral nematothecae. Additional differences to other congeners are summarized in Appendix 1. (see under the former), is immediately distinguishable through its exceedingly long lateral nematothecae. Additional differences to other congeners are summarized in Appendix 1.
@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ Ansín Agís
!); !);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FE4189ABFDE76E26" author="Hirohito &amp; Emperor of Japan" box="[427,599,1519,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refId="ref27346" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1995. The hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 244 pp (English text)." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito (1995)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FE4189ABFDE76E26" author="Hirohito &amp; Emperor of Japan" box="[427,599,1519,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refId="ref27346" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1995. The hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 244 pp (English text)." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, as , as
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<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FD6889ABFF606E06" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buski</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FD6889ABFF606E06" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buski</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
( (
@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ Ansín Agís
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FE4A8A4BFD7A6E06" author="Ryland J. S. &amp; Gibbons M. J." box="[416,714,1551,1574]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland &amp; Gibbons, 1991</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FE4A8A4BFD7A6E06" author="Ryland J. S. &amp; Gibbons M. J." box="[416,714,1551,1574]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland &amp; Gibbons, 1991</bibRefCitation>
, as , as
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8A6BFEE06E66" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,336,1583,1606]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8A6BFEE06E66" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,336,1583,1606]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8A6BFEE06E66" box="[151,336,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8A6BFEE06E66" box="[151,336,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
). ).

View file

@ -1,78 +1,78 @@
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<treatment id="03A487AEFF8A2C10FEE38834FC356D89" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189153147" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF8A2C10FEE38834FC356D89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487AEFF8A2C10FEE38834FC356D89" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="30"> <treatment id="03A487AEFF8A2C10FEE38834FC356D89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14163724" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189153147" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14163724" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF8A2C10FEE38834FC356D89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487AEFF8A2C10FEE38834FC356D89" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" scope_class="Hydrozoa" scope_family="Halopterididae" scope_order="Leptothecata" scope_phylum="Cnidaria">
<subSubSection id="C3176533FF8A2C12FEE38834FD326CA8" box="[265,642,1136,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF8A2C12FEE38834FD326CA8" box="[265,642,1136,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8A2C12FEE38834FD326CA8" blockId="9.[248,659,1136,1192]" box="[265,642,1136,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8A2C12FEE38834FD326CA8" blockId="9.[248,659,1136,1192]" box="[265,642,1136,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D0FA81D4FF8A2C12FEE38834FD326CA8" bold="true" box="[265,642,1136,1160]" centered="true" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" reason="2"> <heading id="D0FA81D4FF8A2C12FEE38834FD326CA8" bold="true" box="[265,642,1136,1160]" centered="true" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FEE38834FD326CA8" authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[265,642,1136,1160]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FEE38834FD326CA8" ID-CoL="8SZP8" authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[265,642,1136,1160]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FEE38834FD326CA8" bold="true" box="[265,642,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30"> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FEE38834FD326CA8" bold="true" box="[265,642,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
Halopteris sibogae ( Halopteris sibogae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8A2C12FE0F8835FDCA6CA8" author="Billard A." box="[485,634,1137,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8A2C12FE0F8835FDCA6CA8" author="Billard A." box="[485,634,1137,1160]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ var.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8A2C12FF7D8976FD456D44" blockId="9.[151,757,1215,1438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8A2C12FF7D8976FD456D44" blockId="9.[151,757,1215,1438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF8A2C12FF7D8976FD456D44" pageId="9" pageNumber="30"> <treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF8A2C12FF7D8976FD456D44" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FF7D8976FDB46D67" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,516,1330,1351]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="polymorpha" variety="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FF7D8976FDB46D67" ID-CoL="8SZP8" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,516,1330,1351]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="polymorpha" variety="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FF7D8976FECE6D67" box="[151,382,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FF7D8976FECE6D67" box="[151,382,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
var. var.
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FE538976FDB46D67" box="[441,516,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FE538976FDB46D67" box="[441,516,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">sibogae</emphasis>
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ var.
</treatmentCitationGroup> </treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8A2C12FF7D8928FD5B6DBE" blockId="9.[151,757,1215,1438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8A2C12FF7D8928FD5B6DBE" blockId="9.[151,757,1215,1438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FF7D8928FEC96DA1" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,377,1388,1409]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FF7D8928FEC96DA1" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,377,1388,1409]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FF7D8928FEC96DA1" box="[151,377,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FF7D8928FEC96DA1" box="[151,377,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ var.
( (
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FDAA8928FD2B6DA1" box="[576,667,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">pro parte</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FDAA8928FD2B6DA1" box="[576,667,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">pro parte</emphasis>
): 66, 69, fig. 22E [non ): 66, 69, fig. 22E [non
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FE8D89CDFD506DBE" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[359,736,1417,1438]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FE8D89CDFD506DBE" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[359,736,1417,1438]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FE8D89CDFDF76DBE" box="[359,583,1417,1438]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FE8D89CDFDF76DBE" box="[359,583,1417,1438]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8A2C12FDBE89CDFD696DBE" author="Billard A." box="[596,729,1417,1438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8A2C12FDBE89CDFD696DBE" author="Billard A." box="[596,729,1417,1438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ high
<subSubSection id="C3176533FF8A2C12FF7D8B22FAA36B36" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF8A2C12FF7D8B22FAA36B36" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8A2C12FF7D8B22FAA36B36" blockId="9.[151,756,1894,2077]" lastBlockId="9.[831,1437,258,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8A2C12FF7D8B22FAA36B36" blockId="9.[151,756,1894,2077]" lastBlockId="9.[831,1437,258,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FF7D8B22FEBF6F5D" bold="true" box="[151,271,1894,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FF7D8B22FEBF6F5D" bold="true" box="[151,271,1894,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FEF38B22FE3C6F5D" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[281,396,1894,1917]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8A2C12FEF38B22FE3C6F5D" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[281,396,1894,1917]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FEF38B22FE3C6F5D" box="[281,396,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Halopteris</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8A2C12FEF38B22FE3C6F5D" box="[281,396,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Halopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
with cormoids reaching heights of up to with cormoids reaching heights of up to
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ of microbasic mastigophores: large, elongated-ovoid [(18.1-19.8) × (6.6-7.3) μ
<caption id="DF726630FF892C11FF7D883AFAC76CC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590674/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" startId="10.[151,186,1150,1171]" targetBox="[154,1432,257,1098]" targetPageId="10"> <caption id="DF726630FF892C11FF7D883AFAC76CC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590674/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" startId="10.[151,186,1150,1171]" targetBox="[154,1432,257,1098]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF892C11FF7D883AFAC76CC9" blockId="10.[151,1437,1150,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF892C11FF7D883AFAC76CC9" blockId="10.[151,1437,1150,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
Fig. 4. Fig. 4.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF892C11FF09883AFD8A6CB3" authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[227,570,1150,1171]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF892C11FF09883AFD8A6CB3" authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[227,570,1150,1171]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF892C11FF09883AFE2D6CB3" box="[227,413,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Halopteris sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF892C11FF09883AFE2D6CB3" box="[227,413,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Halopteris sibogae</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF892C11FE47883AFD846CB3" author="Billard A." box="[429,564,1150,1171]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF892C11FE47883AFD846CB3" author="Billard A." box="[429,564,1150,1171]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ and the
by by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF882C10FD4E88F6FED16CC9" author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon (1973)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF882C10FD4E88F6FED16CC9" author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon (1973)</bibRefCitation>
(both as (both as
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FE238896FF5A6D28" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="polymorpha" variety="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FE238896FF5A6D28" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="polymorpha" variety="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FE238896FD746CC9" box="[457,708,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FE238896FD746CC9" box="[457,708,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
var. var.
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FF7D88B5FF5A6D28" box="[151,234,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FF7D88B5FF5A6D28" box="[151,234,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">sibogae</emphasis>
@ -370,11 +370,11 @@ Similarly to the present observations, Millard &amp; Bouillon indicate that “I
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FF7D8ACFFBE269F9" blockId="11.[151,757,383,2077]" lastBlockId="11.[831,1437,258,1274]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FF7D8ACFFBE269F9" blockId="11.[151,757,383,2077]" lastBlockId="11.[831,1437,258,1274]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
As noted above, the most prominent morphological difference between As noted above, the most prominent morphological difference between
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FE918AEFFD956EE2" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[379,549,1707,1730]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FE918AEFFD956EE2" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[379,549,1707,1730]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FE918AEFFD956EE2" box="[379,549,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FE918AEFFD956EE2" box="[379,549,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
and its so-called and its so-called
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FF7D8A8EFE8E6EC1" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,318,1738,1761]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="polymorpha" variety="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FF7D8A8EFE8E6EC1" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,318,1738,1761]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="polymorpha" variety="sibogae">
variety variety
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FF018A8EFE8E6EC1" box="[235,318,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FF018A8EFE8E6EC1" box="[235,318,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
@ -399,12 +399,12 @@ and
), especially when both species occur in sympatry. Other morphological and morphometrical differences observed in the material studied herein are listed in ), especially when both species occur in sympatry. Other morphological and morphometrical differences observed in the material studied herein are listed in
<tableCitation id="C68F0303FF882C10FB1C8D06FAF46979" box="[1270,1348,322,345]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="21.[148,201,538,559]" captionTargetBox="[148,1922,658,1790]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 1. Comparative morphological and morphometrical features of H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (present study and syntype materials from Siboga Stn. 80 and 299) and H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) (Ho stands for homomerous, and He for heteromerous)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF962C0EFF7E8E5EFC2E6A6C" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="DF726630FF962C0EFF7E8E5EFC2E6A6C">Table 1</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C68F0303FF882C10FB1C8D06FAF46979" box="[1270,1348,322,345]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="21.[148,201,538,559]" captionTargetBox="[148,1922,658,1790]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 1. Comparative morphological and morphometrical features of H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (present study and syntype materials from Siboga Stn. 80 and 299) and H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) (Ho stands for homomerous, and He for heteromerous)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF962C0EFF7E8E5EFC2E6A6C" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="DF726630FF962C0EFF7E8E5EFC2E6A6C">Table 1</tableCitation>
. In light of these differences, we advocate here that the so-called . In light of these differences, we advocate here that the so-called
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58DC6FC5969B9" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[831,1001,386,409]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="polymorpha" variety="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58DC6FC5969B9" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[831,1001,386,409]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="polymorpha" variety="sibogae">
variety variety
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FC7C8DC6FC5969B9" box="[918,1001,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FC7C8DC6FC5969B9" box="[918,1001,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
must be recognized as a full species, different from must be recognized as a full species, different from
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<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FC018DE6FB256999" box="[1003,1173,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FC018DE6FB256999" box="[1003,1173,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
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. The 16S data clearly corroborated this ( . The 16S data clearly corroborated this (
@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ to full species is not threatened by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF882C10FC498E66FB8A6A19" author="Billard A." box="[931,1082,546,569]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF882C10FC498E66FB8A6A19" author="Billard A." box="[931,1082,546,569]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, because the former is to be correctly placed in the genus , because the former is to be correctly placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FB618E06FA2C6A79" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1163,1436,578,601]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FB618E06FA2C6A79" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1163,1436,578,601]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FB618E06FB4D6A79" box="[1163,1277,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FB618E06FB4D6A79" box="[1163,1277,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF882C10FAEC8E06FA2C6A79" author="Allman G. J." box="[1286,1436,578,601]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref25915" refString="Allman G. J. 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 5 (2): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF882C10FAEC8E06FA2C6A79" author="Allman G. J." box="[1286,1436,578,601]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref25915" refString="Allman G. J. 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 5 (2): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ to full species is not threatened by
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58EE6FBC56B19" blockId="11.[831,1437,258,1274]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58EE6FBC56B19" blockId="11.[831,1437,258,1274]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58EE6FBA76A99" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1047,674,697]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FCD58EE6FBA76A99" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1047,674,697]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58EE6FBA76A99" box="[831,1047,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FCD58EE6FBA76A99" box="[831,1047,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris sibogae</emphasis>
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differs from its congeners through a series of characters. A number of species with “peculiarities” (see under differs from its congeners through a series of characters. A number of species with “peculiarities” (see under
@ -455,20 +455,20 @@ differs from its congeners through a series of characters. A number of species w
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58F06FB236CDA" blockId="11.[831,1437,258,1274]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF882C10FCD58F06FB236CDA" blockId="11.[831,1437,258,1274]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
Among them, and in accordance with the phylogenetic tree, Among them, and in accordance with the phylogenetic tree,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FC968F26FC476B59" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[892,1015,866,889]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FC968F26FC476B59" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[892,1015,866,889]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FC968F26FC476B59" box="[892,1015,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FC968F26FC476B59" box="[892,1015,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. sibogae</emphasis>
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comes close to comes close to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FB558F26FCC46BB9" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FB558F26FCC46BB9" authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FB558F26FAFA6B59" box="[1215,1354,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FB558F26FAFA6B59" box="[1215,1354,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF882C10FABD8F26FCC46BB9" author="Galea H. R." pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF882C10FABD8F26FCC46BB9" author="Galea H. R." pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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(see below an account on the latter). Besides its exceedingly long, and thus very distinctive, lateral nematothecae, (see below an account on the latter). Besides its exceedingly long, and thus very distinctive, lateral nematothecae,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FC088F86FBE86BF9" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[994,1112,962,985]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FC088F86FBE86BF9" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[994,1112,962,985]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FC088F86FBE86BF9" box="[994,1112,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. sibogae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FC088F86FBE86BF9" box="[994,1112,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. sibogae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
shares the following features with shares the following features with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FC928FA7FC4D6BDA" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[888,1021,995,1018]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF882C10FC928FA7FC4D6BDA" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[888,1021,995,1018]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FC928FA7FC4D6BDA" box="[888,1021,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF882C10FC928FA7FC4D6BDA" box="[888,1021,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
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: 1) their cauline internodes are rather short and bear 1-2 nematothecae distal to each hydrotheca; 2) there are 1-2 axillar nematothecae associated to both cauline and cladial hydrothecae; 3) their cladia are heteromerously-segmented, their ahydrothecate internodes are short compared to their hydrothecate counterparts, and bear single nematothecae; 4) their female gonothecae are indistinguishable morphologically (compare : 1) their cauline internodes are rather short and bear 1-2 nematothecae distal to each hydrotheca; 2) there are 1-2 axillar nematothecae associated to both cauline and cladial hydrothecae; 3) their cladia are heteromerously-segmented, their ahydrothecate internodes are short compared to their hydrothecate counterparts, and bear single nematothecae; 4) their female gonothecae are indistinguishable morphologically (compare

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@ -1,374 +1,372 @@
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590660" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189153146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <treatment id="03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590660" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189153146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" scope_class="Hydrozoa" scope_family="Halopterididae" scope_order="Leptothecata" scope_phylum="Cnidaria">
<subSubSection box="[259,648,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FEE98ACAFD386E86" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="15.[259,648,1678,1734]" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FEE98ACAFD386E86" blockId="15.[259,648,1678,1734]" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<heading bold="true" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" centered="true" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" reason="2"> <heading id="D0FA81D4FF8C2C14FEE98ACAFD386E86" bold="true" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" centered="true" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FEE98ACAFD386E86" bold="true" box="[259,648,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[259,551,1678,1702]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov."> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FEE98ACAFD976E86" ID-CoL="3JFQ7" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[259,551,1678,1702]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[259,476,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris australis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FEE98ACAFE6C6E86" bold="true" box="[259,476,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris australis</emphasis>
Galea Galea
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, ,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[563,648,1679,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF8C2C14FDD98ACBFD386E86" box="[563,648,1679,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
</heading> </heading>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[264,642,1711,1734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="description"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FEE28AEBFD326EE6" box="[264,642,1711,1734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="15.[259,648,1678,1734]" box="[264,642,1711,1734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FEE28AEBFD326EE6" blockId="15.[259,648,1678,1734]" box="[264,642,1711,1734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation box="[264,348,1711,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Figs 1E</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FEE28AEBFEEC6EE6" box="[264,348,1711,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
, ,
<figureCitation box="[360,388,1711,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">2F</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FE828AEBFE346EE6" box="[360,388,1711,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">2F</figureCitation>
, ,
<figureCitation box="[399,415,1711,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">6</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FE658AEBFE2F6EE6" box="[399,415,1711,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">6</figureCitation>
; ;
<tableCitation box="[426,507,1711,1734]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C68F0303FF8C2C14FE408AEBFE4B6EE6" box="[426,507,1711,1734]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation>
; Appendix 1 ; Appendix 1
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FF7D8A99FD6C6F6A" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,756,1757,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FF7D8A99FDA66F30" blockId="15.[151,756,1757,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D1196FF8C2C14FF7D8A99FDA66F30" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,318,1757,1778]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8A99FE8E6ED2" ID-CoL="6KZKK" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,318,1757,1778]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis box="[151,318,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8A99FE8E6ED2" box="[151,318,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." box="[343,632,1757,1778]" page="72" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" year="1977"> <treatmentCitation id="0AAC10A9FF8C2C14FEBD8A99FDC86ED2" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." box="[343,632,1757,1778]" page="72" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." box="[343,632,1757,1778]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur, 1977: 72</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FEBD8A99FDC86ED2" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." box="[343,632,1757,1778]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur, 1977: 72</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation> </treatmentCitation>
, fig. 31 [non , fig. 31 [non
<taxonomicName authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[227,523,1787,1808]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF098ABFFDBB6F30" authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[227,523,1787,1808]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis box="[227,392,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF098ABFFE386F30" box="[227,392,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation author="Bale W. M." box="[406,516,1787,1808]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FE7C8ABFFDB46F30" author="Bale W. M." box="[406,516,1787,1808]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
]. ].
</treatmentCitationGroup> </treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,756,1757,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FF7D8B5CFD6C6F6A" blockId="15.[151,756,1757,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,382,1816,1837]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FF7D8B5CFECE6F0D" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,382,1816,1837]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[151,382,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8B5CFECE6F0D" box="[151,382,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[420,582,1816,1837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FE4E8B5CFDF66F0D" author="Schuchert P." box="[420,582,1816,1837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
( (
<emphasis box="[603,699,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">pro parte</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FDB18B5CFD0B6F0D" box="[603,699,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">pro parte</emphasis>
): 64, fig. 23 [non ): 64, fig. 23 [non
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[344,722,1845,1866]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FEB28B71FD626F6A" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[344,722,1845,1866]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[344,569,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FEB28B71FD896F6A" box="[344,569,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[581,714,1845,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF8C2C14FDAF8B71FD7A6F6A" author="Billard A." box="[581,714,1845,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
]. ].
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FF7D8B27FF67603D" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,756,1891,2077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FF7D8B27FF67603D" blockId="15.[151,756,1891,2077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054301" collectingDate="2012-06-10" collectorName="E. Tardy" country="France" elevation="9" location="Noumea" municipality="N'Gea" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype"> <materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF8C2C14FF7D8B27FF63603D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054301" collectingDate="2012-06-10" collectorName="E. Tardy" country="France" elevation="9" location="Noumea" municipality="N'Gea" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,332,1891,1914]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FF7D8B27FEFC6F5A" bold="true" box="[151,332,1891,1914]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Type material:</emphasis>
<typeStatus box="[151,207,1891,1914]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Type</typeStatus>
material:
</emphasis>
MHNG-INVE-82742; MHNG-INVE-82742;
<collectingCountry box="[607,684,1891,1914]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">France</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8C2C14FDB58B27FD1C6F5A" box="[607,684,1891,1914]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">France</collectingCountry>
, ,
<collectingCountry name="New Caledonia" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">New Caledonia</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF8C2C14FD2B8B27FEB76FBB" name="New Caledonia" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, ,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3:8ED26063FF8C2C14FEF18BC0FEC96FBB" box="[283,377,1924,1947]" country="France" municipality="N'Gea" name="Noumea" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Nouméa</location> <location id="8ED26063FF8C2C14FEF18BC0FEC96FBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF8C2C0AFEE98ACAFD0D6DF3:8ED26063FF8C2C14FEF18BC0FEC96FBB" box="[283,377,1924,1947]" country="France" municipality="N'Gea" name="Noumea" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Nouméa</location>
, south of , south of
<collectingMunicipality box="[508,580,1924,1947]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">NGéa</collectingMunicipality> <collectingMunicipality id="6BD6ACC2FF8C2C14FE168BC0FDF46FBB" box="[508,580,1924,1947]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">NGéa</collectingMunicipality>
islet, -22.296° 166.489°, islet, -22.296° 166.489°,
<quantity box="[274,328,1956,1979]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="9.0"> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8C2C14FEF88BE0FEF86F9B" box="[274,328,1956,1979]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="9.0">
<elevation box="[274,328,1956,1979]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</elevation> <elevation id="0020D18BFF8C2C14FEF88BE0FEF86F9B" box="[274,328,1956,1979]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</elevation>
</quantity> </quantity>
, coll. , coll.
<collectorName box="[416,522,1956,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">E. Tardy</collectorName> <collectorName id="26F8536EFF8C2C14FE4A8BE0FDBA6F9B" box="[416,522,1956,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">E. Tardy</collectorName>
; ;
<date box="[544,670,1956,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" value="2012-06-10"> <date id="FFB31078FF8C2C14FDCA8BE0FD2E6F9B" box="[544,670,1956,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" value="2012-06-10">
<collectingDate box="[544,670,1956,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" value="2012-06-10">06.10.2012</collectingDate> <collectingDate id="EFF7E990FF8C2C14FDCA8BE0FD2E6F9B" box="[544,670,1956,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" value="2012-06-10">06.10.2012</collectingDate>
</date> </date>
; fertile (female) colony in alcohol and two microslides (H20/37-38), with stems up to ; fertile (female) colony in alcohol and two microslides (H20/37-38), with stems up to
<quantity box="[488,562,2021,2044]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="1.8">1.8 cm</quantity> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8C2C14FE028BA1FD826FDC" box="[488,562,2021,2044]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="1.8">1.8 cm</quantity>
high, growing on algae high, growing on algae
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FCD58D46FB216BBB" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1437,258,923]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FCD58D46FB216BBB" blockId="15.[831,1437,258,923]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,953,258,281]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FCD58D46FC096939" bold="true" box="[831,953,258,281]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Small-sized Small-sized
<taxonomicName authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1122,1238,258,281]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FB888D46FB666939" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1122,1238,258,281]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1122,1238,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FB888D46FB666939" box="[1122,1238,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, with cormoids not exceeding , with cormoids not exceeding
<quantity box="[998,1076,290,313]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8C2C14FC0C8D66FB846919" box="[998,1076,290,313]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
high. Stems monosiphonic, homomerously-segmented, internodes rather long, bearing a hydrotheca in their proximal half, a lateral apophysis, and up to 8 nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a pair of axillar, as well as up to 3 superiors in two parallel rows). Cladia alternate, heteromerouslysegmented; 1st ahydrothecate internode with 1, exceptionally 2, nematothecae in a row; ordinary ahydrothecate internodes with 1 nematotheca; hydrothecate internodes with a hydrotheca and its up to 5 associated nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, and 1, or rarely 2, axillar); hydrotheca cup-shaped, deep, adnate for 2/3rd its adaxial wall, swollen basally, rim distinctly sinuated in lateral view, aperture circular, lateral nematothecae long, borne on well-developed apophyses, surpassing hydrothecal rim. Female gonothecae given off from caulus; piriform, borne on quadrangular pedicel, 2 basal nematothecae, aperture large, circular, perpendicular to long axis of theca, rim thickened, a watch-glass-shaped operculum. high. Stems monosiphonic, homomerously-segmented, internodes rather long, bearing a hydrotheca in their proximal half, a lateral apophysis, and up to 8 nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a pair of axillar, as well as up to 3 superiors in two parallel rows). Cladia alternate, heteromerouslysegmented; 1st ahydrothecate internode with 1, exceptionally 2, nematothecae in a row; ordinary ahydrothecate internodes with 1 nematotheca; hydrothecate internodes with a hydrotheca and its up to 5 associated nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, and 1, or rarely 2, axillar); hydrotheca cup-shaped, deep, adnate for 2/3rd its adaxial wall, swollen basally, rim distinctly sinuated in lateral view, aperture circular, lateral nematothecae long, borne on well-developed apophyses, surpassing hydrothecal rim. Female gonothecae given off from caulus; piriform, borne on quadrangular pedicel, 2 basal nematothecae, aperture large, circular, perpendicular to long axis of theca, rim thickened, a watch-glass-shaped operculum.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="etymology"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C14FCD58FF7FC3F6C2A" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1437,947,1034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C14FCD58FF7FC3F6C2A" blockId="15.[831,1437,947,1034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,964,947,970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Etymology:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FCD58FF7FC746BEA" bold="true" box="[831,964,947,970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Etymology:</emphasis>
From the Latin From the Latin
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[1149,1242,947,970]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF8C2C14FB978FF7FB6A6BEA" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[1149,1242,947,970]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis box="[1149,1242,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">austrālis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FB978FF7FB6A6BEA" box="[1149,1242,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">austrālis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, meaning “of the south” with reference to its occurrence in the South Pacific. , meaning “of the south” with reference to its occurrence in the South Pacific.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="description"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF8C2C0AFCD58867FD0D6DF3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="15.[831,1437,1059,2077]" lastBlockId="16.[831,1437,1154,1595]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="15" pageNumber="36"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF8C2C0BFCD58867FB4F6E1B" blockId="15.[831,1437,1059,2077]" lastBlockId="16.[831,1437,1154,1595]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,973,1059,1082]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Description:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF8C2C14FCD58867FC7D6C1A" bold="true" box="[831,973,1059,1082]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Description:</emphasis>
Colonies composed of a varied number of upright cormoids, up to Colonies composed of a varied number of upright cormoids, up to
<quantity box="[1102,1158,1091,1114]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8C2C14FBA48807FB366C7A" box="[1102,1158,1091,1114]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
high in present material, arising from creeping, branching, anastomosing hydrorhiza. Stems erect, simple, monosiphonic ( high in present material, arising from creeping, branching, anastomosing hydrorhiza. Stems erect, simple, monosiphonic (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Figs 1E</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FA8688C7FCEF6C9A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
, ,
<figureCitation box="[885,916,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">2F</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FC9F88E7FC246C9A" box="[885,916,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">2F</figureCitation>
), composed of a basal, ahydrothecate part, irregularly divided into a few segments (up to 5) by means of transverse constrictions of the perisarc, and carrying a varied number of nematothecae arranged in two parallel rows; above, remainder of stem comprising a much longer, hydrothecate part, homomerouslysegmented into regular internodes by means of oblique nodes ( ), composed of a basal, ahydrothecate part, irregularly divided into a few segments (up to 5) by means of transverse constrictions of the perisarc, and carrying a varied number of nematothecae arranged in two parallel rows; above, remainder of stem comprising a much longer, hydrothecate part, homomerouslysegmented into regular internodes by means of oblique nodes (
<figureCitation box="[915,1006,1412,1435]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6A</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FC7989C0FC5E6DBB" box="[915,1006,1412,1435]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), slightly marked proximally to more conspicuous distally; occasionally, transverse nodes can be inserted towards the distal end of cauli, creating a heteromerous segmentation; a hinge joint between the two parts of the stem. Up to 26 relatively long cauline internodes, almost collinear proximally, gradually becoming geniculate towards distal end; each provided with a hydrotheca in its proximal half, a well-developed, lateral apophysis, as well as up to 8 nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a pair of axillar (only one of these subsisting distally on stem) ( ), slightly marked proximally to more conspicuous distally; occasionally, transverse nodes can be inserted towards the distal end of cauli, creating a heteromerous segmentation; a hinge joint between the two parts of the stem. Up to 26 relatively long cauline internodes, almost collinear proximally, gradually becoming geniculate towards distal end; each provided with a hydrotheca in its proximal half, a well-developed, lateral apophysis, as well as up to 8 nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a pair of axillar (only one of these subsisting distally on stem) (
<figureCitation box="[1236,1327,1733,1756]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6B</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF8C2C14FB3E8A81FA9F6EFC" box="[1236,1327,1733,1756]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
), as well as 1-3 superior ones in two parallel, closely-set rows (when only two of these are present, they may occur at the same level, or one above the other; they are confined to a separate ahydrothecate segment when transverse nodes intervene towards distal end of caulus). Cladia up to ), as well as 1-3 superior ones in two parallel, closely-set rows (when only two of these are present, they may occur at the same level, or one above the other; they are confined to a separate ahydrothecate segment when transverse nodes intervene towards distal end of caulus). Cladia up to
<quantity box="[903,990,1925,1948]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF8C2C14FC6D8BC1FC6E6FBC" box="[903,990,1925,1948]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long, alternate, except in the proximal most cauline internodes, where they are opposite; composed of a short, quadrangular segment proximally, followed by a heteromerous division into alternating ahydrothecate and hydrothecate internodes; the former with proximal node transverse and distal node oblique; the reverse in hydrothecate internodes ( long, alternate, except in the proximal most cauline internodes, where they are opposite; composed of a short, quadrangular segment proximally, followed by a heteromerous division into alternating ahydrothecate and hydrothecate internodes; the former with proximal node transverse and distal node oblique; the reverse in hydrothecate internodes (
<figureCitation box="[606,699,1186,1209]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6D</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFDB488E6FD0B6C99" box="[606,699,1186,1209]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
); 1st ahydrothecate internode comparatively longer than subsequent ones, and carrying single nematotheca (exceptionally 2); ordinary ahydrothecate internodes short, and provided with one nematotheca; hydrothecate internodes up to 5 per cladium, comparatively longer than their ahydrothecate counterparts, and carrying a centrally-placed hydrotheca and its up to 5 associated nematothecae: a mesial, a pair of laterals, and generally one axillar, although a pair could be occasionally noted ( ); 1st ahydrothecate internode comparatively longer than subsequent ones, and carrying single nematotheca (exceptionally 2); ordinary ahydrothecate internodes short, and provided with one nematotheca; hydrothecate internodes up to 5 per cladium, comparatively longer than their ahydrothecate counterparts, and carrying a centrally-placed hydrotheca and its up to 5 associated nematothecae: a mesial, a pair of laterals, and generally one axillar, although a pair could be occasionally noted (
<figureCitation box="[159,247,1507,1530]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6C</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFF7589A7FF476DDA" box="[159,247,1507,1530]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Hydrothecae cup-shaped, rather deep, about 1/3rd adnate; abaxial wall slightly sigmoid, rounded proximally and slightly flaring below the rim; aperture circular in apical view, but distinctly sigmoid when seen laterally, due to broad (though shallow) abaxial emargination, giving the impression that an abaxial cusps occurs ( ). Hydrothecae cup-shaped, rather deep, about 1/3rd adnate; abaxial wall slightly sigmoid, rounded proximally and slightly flaring below the rim; aperture circular in apical view, but distinctly sigmoid when seen laterally, due to broad (though shallow) abaxial emargination, giving the impression that an abaxial cusps occurs (
<figureCitation box="[306,429,1700,1723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6A, D</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFED88AE0FE1D6E9B" box="[306,429,1700,1723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6A, D</figureCitation>
). All nematothecae, including the axillar ones, bithalamic and movable; mesial nematothecae triangular in frontal view, with deep adaxial emargination ( ). All nematothecae, including the axillar ones, bithalamic and movable; mesial nematothecae triangular in frontal view, with deep adaxial emargination (
<figureCitation box="[393,475,1796,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6E</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFE638B40FE6B6F3B" box="[393,475,1796,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[475,483,1795,1809]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFE318B47FE536F31" box="[475,483,1795,1809]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<superScript attach="left" box="[475,483,1795,1809]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">3</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFE318B47FE536F31" attach="left" box="[475,483,1795,1809]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">3</superScript>
</figureCitation> </figureCitation>
); laterals relatively long, surpassing the hydrothecal rim ( ); laterals relatively long, surpassing the hydrothecal rim (
<figureCitation box="[524,617,1829,1852]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6D</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFDE68B61FDD96F1C" box="[524,617,1829,1852]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
), and borne on well-developed apophyses; basal chamber high and narrow, upper chamber shallow, with sigmoid adaxial wall ( ), and borne on well-developed apophyses; basal chamber high and narrow, upper chamber shallow, with sigmoid adaxial wall (
<figureCitation box="[212,313,1923,1948]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,186,1150,1171]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionStartId-3="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1432,257,1098]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId-0="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetId-1="figure-373@10.[151,1436,257,1102]" captionTargetId-2="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetId-3="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionText-0="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." captionText-1="Fig. 4. Halopteris sibogae (Billard, 1913). Portion of stem and proximal part of a cladium in frontal (B) and lateral (C) aspects. Hydrotheca in frontal (D) and lateral (E) views. Cladial nematothecae (F): from ahydrothecate internodes (F1-4), mesial (F5, 6), lateral (F7), single (F8) and paired (F9) axillar ones. Female (G) and male (H) gonothecae. Cnidome (I). Specimens MHNG- INVE-97938 (A-G, I), MHNG-INVE-97926 (H). Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (D, E, I), 200 μm (G, H), 300 μm (A-C)." captionText-2="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." captionText-3="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590674" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5590674/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFF3E8BC1FE896FB1" box="[212,313,1923,1948]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,186,1150,1171]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionStartId-3="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1432,257,1098]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId-0="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetId-1="figure-373@10.[151,1436,257,1102]" captionTargetId-2="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetId-3="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionText-0="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." captionText-1="Fig. 4. Halopteris sibogae (Billard, 1913). Portion of stem and proximal part of a cladium in frontal (B) and lateral (C) aspects. Hydrotheca in frontal (D) and lateral (E) views. Cladial nematothecae (F): from ahydrothecate internodes (F1-4), mesial (F5, 6), lateral (F7), single (F8) and paired (F9) axillar ones. Female (G) and male (H) gonothecae. Cnidome (I). Specimens MHNG- INVE-97938 (A-G, I), MHNG-INVE-97926 (H). Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (D, E, I), 200 μm (G, H), 300 μm (A-C)." captionText-2="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." captionText-3="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590674" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5590674/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
Fig. 6E Fig. 6E
<superScript attach="left" box="[292,313,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">4-7</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFECE8BC7FE896FB1" attach="left" box="[292,313,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">4-7</superScript>
</figureCitation> </figureCitation>
); axillar nematothecae ( ); axillar nematothecae (
<figureCitation box="[572,661,1923,1948]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFDD68BC1FD256FB1" box="[572,661,1923,1948]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
Fig. 6 Fig. 6
<geoCoordinate box="[635,661,1923,1948]" degrees="6, 7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" precision="5555" value="6.7"> <geoCoordinate id="EE39507FFF932C0BFD918BC1FD256FB1" box="[635,661,1923,1948]" degrees="6, 7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" precision="5555" value="6.7">
E E
<superScript attach="left" box="[652,661,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">6</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFD668BC7FD256FB1" attach="left" box="[652,661,1923,1937]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">6</superScript>
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</figureCitation> </figureCitation>
, ,
<figureCitation box="[668,676,1923,1937]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">7</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFD768BC7FD146FB1" box="[668,676,1923,1937]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">7</figureCitation>
) small, with wall of upper chamber lowered on side facing adaxial wall of hydrotheca; both cladial ( ) small, with wall of upper chamber lowered on side facing adaxial wall of hydrotheca; both cladial (
<figureCitation box="[650,739,1989,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6E</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFD608B81FD536FFC" box="[650,739,1989,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[739,747,1988,2002]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFD098B80FD5B6FF2" box="[739,747,1988,2002]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<superScript attach="left" box="[739,747,1988,2002]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">2</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFD098B80FD5B6FF2" attach="left" box="[739,747,1988,2002]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">2</superScript>
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) and cauline ( ) and cauline (
<figureCitation box="[299,384,2021,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6E</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFEC18BA1FE306FDC" box="[299,384,2021,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[384,392,2020,2034]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFE6A8BA0FE386FD2" box="[384,392,2020,2034]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<superScript attach="left" box="[384,392,2020,2034]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">1</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFE6A8BA0FE386FD2" attach="left" box="[384,392,2020,2034]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">1</superScript>
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) nematothecae characteristically turned posteriad, tall, conical, with rim of apical chamber lowered adaxially. Female gonothecae borne on cauli by means of short, lateral apophyses given off from below the hydrothecae, followed by a pedicel composed of a quadrangular segment; large, piriform, with 2 basal nematothecae, and a large, apical aperture with thickened rim, perpendicular to long axis of the theca, and closed by a watch-glass-shaped operculum ( ) nematothecae characteristically turned posteriad, tall, conical, with rim of apical chamber lowered adaxially. Female gonothecae borne on cauli by means of short, lateral apophyses given off from below the hydrothecae, followed by a pedicel composed of a quadrangular segment; large, piriform, with 2 basal nematothecae, and a large, apical aperture with thickened rim, perpendicular to long axis of the theca, and closed by a watch-glass-shaped operculum (
<figureCitation box="[840,931,1379,1402]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6F</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFCA28927FC136D5A" box="[840,931,1379,1402]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
). ).
<collectingRegion box="[957,1012,1379,1402]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Male</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="49C9F85AFF932C0BFC578927FC446D5A" box="[957,1012,1379,1402]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Male</collectingRegion>
gonothecae elongated-ovoid, curved proximally and provided there with single nematotheca; aperture distal, small, circular. Hydranths badly preserved, tentacle number could not be ascertained. Cnidome ( gonothecae elongated-ovoid, curved proximally and provided there with single nematotheca; aperture distal, small, circular. Hydranths badly preserved, tentacle number could not be ascertained. Cnidome (
<figureCitation box="[905,992,1508,1531]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6G</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFC6389A0FC506DDB" box="[905,992,1508,1531]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
): only large capsules ( ): only large capsules (
<emphasis box="[1231,1256,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">ca</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFB2589A0FB586DDB" box="[1231,1256,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">ca</emphasis>
. 17.5 × 6.3 μm), likely pseudostenoteles, observed in the material in hand. Color in life: milky white ( . 17.5 × 6.3 μm), likely pseudostenoteles, observed in the material in hand. Color in life: milky white (
<figureCitation box="[1184,1265,1572,1595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 1E</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF932C0BFB4A8A60FB416E1B" box="[1184,1265,1572,1595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
). ).
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" startId="16.[151,186,962,983]" targetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" targetPageId="16"> <caption id="DF726630FF932C0BFF7D8F86FAF96C0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" startId="16.[151,186,962,983]" targetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1438,962,1069]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF932C0BFF7D8F86FAF96C0D" blockId="16.[151,1438,962,1069]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
Fig. 6. Fig. 6.
<taxonomicName authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[227,420,962,983]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov."> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF932C0BFF098F86FE146BF7" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[227,420,962,983]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[227,420,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Halopteris australis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFF098F86FE146BF7" box="[227,420,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Halopteris australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[426,501,962,983]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF932C0BFE408F86FE456BF7" box="[426,501,962,983]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[1083,1090,989,1001]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">1</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFBD18F99FBF26BC9" attach="left" box="[1083,1090,989,1001]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">1</superScript>
) and cladia (E ) and cladia (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[1228,1235,989,1001]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">2</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFB268F99FB636BC9" attach="left" box="[1228,1235,989,1001]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">2</superScript>
), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E ), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[363,370,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">3</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFE818FBEFEC26C26" attach="left" box="[363,370,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">3</superScript>
), lateral from cauline (E ), lateral from cauline (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[608,615,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">4</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFD8A8FBEFDD76C26" attach="left" box="[608,615,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">4</superScript>
) and cladial (E ) and cladial (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[764,771,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">5</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFD168FBEFCB36C26" attach="left" box="[764,771,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">5</superScript>
) hydrothecae, single (E ) hydrothecae, single (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[1002,1009,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">6</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFC008FBEFC416C26" attach="left" box="[1002,1009,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">6</superScript>
) and paired (E ) and paired (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[1154,1161,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">7</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF932C0BFB688FBEFB396C26" attach="left" box="[1154,1161,1018,1030]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">7</superScript>
) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A). ) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A).
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</caption> </caption>
<paragraph blockId="16.[831,1109,1620,1643]" box="[831,1109,1620,1643]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF932C0BFCD58A10FBE56E4B" blockId="16.[831,1109,1620,1643]" box="[831,1109,1620,1643]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<heading box="[831,1109,1620,1643]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" reason="3"> <heading id="D0FA81D4FF932C0BFCD58A10FBE56E4B" box="[831,1109,1620,1643]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,973,1620,1643]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Dimensions:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFCD58A10FC7D6E4B" bold="true" box="[831,973,1620,1643]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Dimensions:</emphasis>
See See
<tableCitation box="[1024,1105,1620,1643]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C68F0303FF932C0BFBEA8A10FBE16E4B" box="[1024,1105,1620,1643]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation>
. .
</heading> </heading>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[831,1437,1667,2077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF932C0BFCD58AC7FAD96F9C" blockId="16.[831,1437,1667,2077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,944,1667,1690]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Remarks:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFCD58AC7FC006EBA" bold="true" box="[831,944,1667,1690]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Remarks:</emphasis>
There is little doubt that the present material from There is little doubt that the present material from
<collectingCountry box="[893,1060,1699,1722]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">New Caledonia</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF932C0BFC978AE7FB946E9A" box="[893,1060,1699,1722]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
is conspecific with the specimens with distinctly sinuated hydrothecal margins from is conspecific with the specimens with distinctly sinuated hydrothecal margins from
<collectingCountry box="[831,1027,1764,1787]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">French Polynesia</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF932C0BFCD58AA0FBB36EDB" box="[831,1027,1764,1787]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
examined by examined by
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur (1977</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF932C0BFB5C8AA0FC306F3B" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur (1977</bibRefCitation>
, as , as
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[948,1051,1796,1819]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF932C0BFC5E8B40FBAB6F3B" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[948,1051,1796,1819]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis box="[948,1051,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">H. buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFC5E8B40FBAB6F3B" box="[948,1051,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">H. buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
) and, subsequently, by ) and, subsequently, by
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF932C0BFADB8B40FC306F1B" author="Schuchert P." pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997</bibRefCitation>
, provisionally assigned to , provisionally assigned to
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1190,1354,1828,1851]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF932C0BFB4C8B60FAFA6F1B" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1190,1354,1828,1851]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[1190,1354,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF932C0BFB4C8B60FAFA6F1B" box="[1190,1354,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
). Their main morphological and morphometrical features are compared in ). Their main morphological and morphometrical features are compared in
<tableCitation box="[974,1057,1893,1916]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C68F0303FF932C0BFC248B21FB916F5C" box="[974,1057,1893,1916]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation>
. Unfortunately, it was not possible to obtain the material of Vervoort &amp; Vassueur for a re-examination, due to ongoing renovation of NBC. . Unfortunately, it was not possible to obtain the material of Vervoort &amp; Vassueur for a re-examination, due to ongoing renovation of NBC.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[831,1437,1667,2077]" lastBlockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="16" pageNumber="37"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF932C0AFCD58B81FDEE695A" blockId="16.[831,1437,1667,2077]" lastBlockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
The cauline internodes bear commonly 1 (52%) or 2 (44%) superior nematothecae, although up to 3 may occasionally (4%, n = 75 internodes belonging to 5 different stems) be present in the material in hand. The cauline internodes bear commonly 1 (52%) or 2 (44%) superior nematothecae, although up to 3 may occasionally (4%, n = 75 internodes belonging to 5 different stems) be present in the material in hand.
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[151,344,290,313]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFF7D8D66FEE86919" author="Schuchert P." box="[151,344,290,313]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, however, reports up to 5 of these. The number of axillar nematothecae was apparently overlooked by , however, reports up to 5 of these. The number of axillar nematothecae was apparently overlooked by
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." box="[311,602,355,378]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur (1977)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFEDD8D27FDEA695A" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." box="[311,602,355,378]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur (1977)</bibRefCitation>
: :
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8DC7FD3469FB" blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
1) 1)
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[189,374,387,410]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFF578DC7FEC669BA" author="Schuchert P." box="[189,374,387,410]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
stated that, occasionally, these may occur in pairs behind the hydrocladial hydrothecae, a conclusion confirmed by our observations; stated that, occasionally, these may occur in pairs behind the hydrocladial hydrothecae, a conclusion confirmed by our observations;
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">2) it was noted that, on cauli, one nematotheca of a pair, namely that bent towards the cladium, is hidden by the apophysis supporting its lateral counterpart, and requires a careful examination to be noticed; alternatively, it should be stated that only one nematotheca of a pair subsists on the distalmost cauline internodes.</paragraph> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8DA0FE376A9D" blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">2) it was noted that, on cauli, one nematotheca of a pair, namely that bent towards the cladium, is hidden by the apophysis supporting its lateral counterpart, and requires a careful examination to be noticed; alternatively, it should be stated that only one nematotheca of a pair subsists on the distalmost cauline internodes.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8E82FDAB6B3E" blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
Only female gonothecae occur in the present material ( Only female gonothecae occur in the present material (
<figureCitation box="[159,243,742,765]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Fig. 6F</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF922C0AFF758EA2FF436ADD" box="[159,243,742,765]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
), although those of both sexes were illustrated by ), although those of both sexes were illustrated by
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[185,363,775,798]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFF538F43FEDB6B3E" author="Schuchert P." box="[185,363,775,798]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 23B, right). , fig. 23B, right).
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8F63FD446BFF" blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,370,807,830]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFF7D8F63FEC26B1E" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,370,807,830]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis box="[151,370,807,830]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris australis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF7D8F63FEC26B1E" box="[151,370,807,830]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, through the presence of pairs of axillar nematothecae especially on the stem, and the heteromerous segmentation of its cladia, resembles , through the presence of pairs of axillar nematothecae especially on the stem, and the heteromerous segmentation of its cladia, resembles
<taxonomicName authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,310,904,927]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov."> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFF7D8FCCFE866BBF" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,310,904,927]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[151,310,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. brasiliensis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF7D8FCCFE866BBF" box="[151,310,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[321,409,904,927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF922C0AFEAB8FCCFE296BBF" box="[321,409,904,927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[423,612,904,927]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liechtensternii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFE4D8FCCFDD46BBF" baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[423,612,904,927]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="liechtensternii">
<emphasis box="[423,612,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. liechtensternii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFE4D8FCCFDD46BBF" box="[423,612,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. liechtensternii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, and , and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFD4F8FCCFF676B9F" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFD4F8FCCFF676B9F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
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. However, any of these is provided with the distinctively sinuated hydrothecal margin displayed by it. . However, any of these is provided with the distinctively sinuated hydrothecal margin displayed by it.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8FADFEAB6DA3" blockId="17.[151,757,258,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
In addition, In addition,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[283,439,1001,1024]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFEF18FADFE076C20" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[283,439,1001,1024]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis box="[283,439,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. brasiliensis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFEF18FADFE076C20" box="[283,439,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
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has thicker stems and cladia, its lateral nematothecae are relatively short and conical, and do not surpass the hydrothecal rim. has thicker stems and cladia, its lateral nematothecae are relatively short and conical, and do not surpass the hydrothecal rim.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liechtensternii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFD68886DFE806C40" baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="liechtensternii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris liechtensternii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFD68886DFE806C40" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris liechtensternii</emphasis>
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is readily distinguished through the shape and size of its gonothecae, the females being long and almost tubular, while the males are dwarfed. is readily distinguished through the shape and size of its gonothecae, the females being long and almost tubular, while the males are dwarfed.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFD6888CEFF496CE1" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFD6888CEFF496CE1" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis>
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forms comparatively shorter cormoids, with shorter stem internodes (and, consequently, more approximated cladia) provided with 1-2 superior nematothecae characteristically arranged in a row, and its hydrothecae are slightly shorter and narrower. Additional differences to other congeners are summarized in Appendix 1. forms comparatively shorter cormoids, with shorter stem internodes (and, consequently, more approximated cladia) provided with 1-2 superior nematothecae characteristically arranged in a row, and its hydrothecae are slightly shorter and narrower. Additional differences to other congeners are summarized in Appendix 1.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,756,1435,1491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D89DFFD0D6DF3" blockId="17.[151,756,1435,1491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,301,1435,1458]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Distribution:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF7D89DFFE9D6D92" bold="true" box="[151,301,1435,1458]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[313,484,1435,1458]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">New Caledonia</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF922C0AFED389DFFE546D92" box="[313,484,1435,1458]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(present study), (present study),
<collectingCountry name="French Polynesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">French Polynesia</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF922C0AFD4389DFFF4F6DF3" name="French Polynesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
( (
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." box="[268,549,1468,1491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur, 1977</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFEE689F8FD956DF3" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Vasseur P." box="[268,549,1468,1491]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur, 1977</bibRefCitation>
; as ; as
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[589,685,1468,1491]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFDA789F8FD1D6DF3" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[589,685,1468,1491]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis box="[589,685,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFDA789F8FD1D6DF3" box="[589,685,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
). ).
</paragraph> </paragraph>

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<mods:title>A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species</mods:title> <mods:title id="5D451460BD71CDF5EA376993DBE3CFF6">A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[254,481,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris millardae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF148A58FE516E14" bold="true" box="[254,481,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris millardae</emphasis>
Galea Galea
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
, ,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[568,653,1565,1588]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF922C0AFDD28A59FD3D6E14" box="[568,653,1565,1588]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
</heading> </heading>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[263,644,1597,1620]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="description"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF922C0AFEED8A79FD346E74" box="[263,644,1597,1620]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="17.[254,653,1564,1620]" box="[263,644,1597,1620]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFEED8A79FD346E74" blockId="17.[254,653,1564,1620]" box="[263,644,1597,1620]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<figureCitation box="[263,343,1597,1620]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Figs 1F</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF922C0AFEED8A79FEE76E74" box="[263,343,1597,1620]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
, ,
<figureCitation box="[355,390,1597,1620]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">2G</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF922C0AFE898A79FE366E74" box="[355,390,1597,1620]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">2G</figureCitation>
, ,
<figureCitation box="[401,417,1597,1620]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">7</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF922C0AFE7B8A79FE116E74" box="[401,417,1597,1620]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">7</figureCitation>
; ;
<tableCitation box="[428,508,1597,1620]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C68F0303FF922C0AFE468A79FE4C6E74" box="[428,508,1597,1620]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation>
; Appendix 1 ; Appendix 1
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF922C0AFF7D8A2FFD3F6F6B" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,756,1643,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8A2FFDD76EF7" blockId="17.[151,756,1643,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,375,1643,1664]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFF7D8A2FFEC76EA0" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,375,1643,1664]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[151,375,1643,1664]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF7D8A2FFEC76EA0" box="[151,375,1643,1664]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." box="[397,640,1643,1664]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFE678A2FFD306EA0" author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." box="[397,640,1643,1664]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation>
( (
<emphasis box="[653,742,1643,1664]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">pro parte</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFD678A2FFD566EA0" box="[653,742,1643,1664]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">pro parte</emphasis>
): 83, fig. 10F, G, H, J. ): 83, fig. 10F, G, H, J.
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon J. &amp; Massin C. &amp; Kresevic R." box="[476,731,1672,1693]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" refId="ref26365" refString="Bouillon J., Massin C., Kresevic R. 1995. Hydroidomedusae de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Brussel, 106 pp." type="book" year="1995"> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFE368ACCFD6B6EBD" author="Bouillon J. &amp; Massin C. &amp; Kresevic R." box="[476,731,1672,1693]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" refId="ref26365" refString="Bouillon J., Massin C., Kresevic R. 1995. Hydroidomedusae de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Brussel, 106 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Bouillon Bouillon
<emphasis box="[570,617,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFDD08ACCFDD96EBD" box="[570,617,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
., 1995: 49 ., 1995: 49
</bibRefCitation> </bibRefCitation>
. .
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[227,386,1701,1722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFF098AE1FE326E9A" author="Schuchert P." box="[227,386,1701,1722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
( (
<emphasis box="[403,495,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">pro parte</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFE798AE1FE5F6E9A" box="[403,495,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">pro parte</emphasis>
): 66, 72, fig. 22A-D [non ): 66, 72, fig. 22A-D [non
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[227,604,1730,1751]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFF098A86FDEC6EF7" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[227,604,1730,1751]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[227,451,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF098A86FE736EF7" box="[227,451,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[464,597,1730,1751]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFE3A8A86FDE56EF7" author="Billard A." box="[464,597,1730,1751]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
]. ].
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,756,1643,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8A9BFD766F31" blockId="17.[151,756,1643,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
non non
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[196,423,1759,1780]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFF2E8A9BFE176ED4" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[196,423,1759,1780]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[196,423,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF2E8A9BFE176ED4" box="[196,423,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." box="[452,707,1759,1780]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFE2E8A9BFD736ED4" author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." box="[452,707,1759,1780]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation>
( (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">pro parte</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFD398A9BFEA66F31" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">pro parte</emphasis>
): 83 (= ): 83 (=
<taxonomicName authority="Schuchert, 1997" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" box="[356,699,1788,1809]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="platygonotheca"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFE8E8AB8FD0B6F31" authority="Schuchert, 1997" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" box="[356,699,1788,1809]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platygonotheca">
<emphasis box="[356,533,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. platygonotheca</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFE8E8AB8FDA56F31" box="[356,533,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. platygonotheca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[539,699,1788,1809]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFDF18AB8FD0B6F31" author="Schuchert P." box="[539,699,1788,1809]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
). ).
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,756,1643,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8B5DFD3F6F6B" blockId="17.[151,756,1643,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,316,1817,1838]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFF7D8B5DFE8C6F0E" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,316,1817,1838]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis box="[151,316,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF7D8B5DFE8C6F0E" box="[151,316,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Rees W. J. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[339,557,1817,1838]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref28696" refString="Rees W. J., Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFEB98B5DFD9D6F0E" author="Rees W. J. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[339,557,1817,1838]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref28696" refString="Rees W. J., Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987</bibRefCitation>
( (
<emphasis box="[570,659,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">pro parte</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFDD08B5DFD236F0E" box="[570,659,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">pro parte</emphasis>
): 119, fig. 25A-B [non ): 119, fig. 25A-B [non
<taxonomicName authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[348,644,1846,1867]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFEB68B72FD346F6B" authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[348,644,1846,1867]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis box="[348,514,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFEB68B72FDB26F6B" box="[348,514,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation author="Bale W. M." box="[527,637,1846,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFDE58B72FDCD6F6B" author="Bale W. M." box="[527,637,1846,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
]. ].
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF922C0AFF7D8B20FB966A69" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,756,1892,2077]" lastBlockId="17.[831,1436,258,409]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFF7D8B20FB6869B9" blockId="17.[151,756,1892,2077]" lastBlockId="17.[831,1436,258,409]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,372,1892,1915]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFF7D8B20FEC46F5B" bold="true" box="[151,372,1892,1915]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus box="[151,255,1892,1915]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Holotype</typeStatus> <typeStatus id="54B6881AFF922C0AFF7D8B20FF4F6F5B" box="[151,255,1892,1915]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
material: material:
</emphasis> </emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[382,462,1892,1915]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">MACT</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="ED1CAE7DFF922C0AFE948B20FE7E6F5B" box="[382,462,1892,1915]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">MACT</collectionCode>
2700; 2700;
<collectingCountry box="[530,647,1892,1915]" name="Seychelles" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Seychelles</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF922C0AFDF88B20FD376F5B" box="[530,647,1892,1915]" name="Seychelles" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
, ,
<collectingCountry box="[662,723,1892,1915]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Mahé</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF922C0AFD7C8B20FD636F5B" box="[662,723,1892,1915]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Mahé</collectingCountry>
I., coll. J. Bouillon ( I., coll. J. Bouillon (
<collectionCode box="[346,426,1924,1947]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">MRAC</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="ED1CAE7DFF922C0AFEB08BC0FE1A6FBB" box="[346,426,1924,1947]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">MRAC</collectionCode>
Expedition); 1966; numerous cormoids, Expedition); 1966; numerous cormoids,
<quantity box="[270,371,1957,1980]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="4.25" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-7 cm</quantity> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF922C0AFEE48BE1FEC36F9C" box="[270,371,1957,1980]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="4.25" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-7 cm</quantity>
high, with both female and male gonothecae [material studied by high, with both female and male gonothecae [material studied by
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon (1973)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFDFE8B81FF516FDC" author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, as , as
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[274,618,2021,2044]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFEF88BA1FDDA6FDC" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[274,618,2021,2044]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[274,441,2021,2044]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFEF88BA1FE096FDC" box="[274,441,2021,2044]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[459,610,2021,2044]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFE218BA1FDD26FDC" author="Billard A." box="[459,610,2021,2044]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
; not studied here due to ongoing renovation of ; not studied here due to ongoing renovation of
<collectionCode box="[558,640,2054,2077]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">MRAC</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="ED1CAE7DFF922C0AFDC48442FD30603D" box="[558,640,2054,2077]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">MRAC</collectionCode>
; however, 4 microslides (MHNG-INVE-37494, H12/32-35) prepared from the ; however, 4 microslides (MHNG-INVE-37494, H12/32-35) prepared from the
<typeStatus box="[1055,1152,290,313]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">holotype</typeStatus> <typeStatus id="54B6881AFF922C0AFBF58D66FB306919" box="[1055,1152,290,313]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, were examined for the purpose of the present study; according to , were examined for the purpose of the present study; according to
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997: 55)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFADB8D06FC066959" author="Schuchert P." pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997: 55)</bibRefCitation>
, cormoids of , cormoids of
<taxonomicName authority="Schuchert, 1997" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="platygonotheca"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFBBF8D26FCC469B9" authority="Schuchert, 1997" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platygonotheca">
<emphasis box="[1109,1311,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. platygonotheca</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFBBF8D26FAAF6959" box="[1109,1311,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">H. platygonotheca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF922C0AFAC08D26FCC469B9" author="Schuchert P." pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
co-occur in the original sample]. co-occur in the original sample].
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[831,1437,434,585]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFCD58DF6FB966A69" blockId="17.[831,1437,434,585]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054306" accessionNumber="MF773747" collectingDate="2016-04-14" collectorName="D. Maggioni &amp; S. Montano" country="Maldives" elevation="35" location="Faafu Atoll" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype"> <materialsCitation id="3B653CE5FF922C0AFCD58DF6FB926A69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054306" accessionNumber="MF773747" collectingDate="2016-04-14" collectorName="D. Maggioni &amp; S. Montano" country="Maldives" elevation="35" location="Faafu Atoll" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,946,434,457]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFCD58DF6FC0269E9" bold="true" box="[831,946,434,457]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus box="[831,941,434,457]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Paratype</typeStatus> <typeStatus id="54B6881AFF922C0AFCD58DF6FC1D69E9" box="[831,941,434,457]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: :
</emphasis> </emphasis>
MHNG-INVE-98634; MHNG-INVE-98634;
<collectingCountry name="Maldives" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Republic of Maldives</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF922C0AFB238DF6FCCB69C9" name="Maldives" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Republic of Maldives</collectingCountry>
, ,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF922C08FF148A58FC656959:8ED26063FF922C0AFC658D96FBA669C9" box="[911,1046,466,489]" country="Maldives" name="Faafu Atoll" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Faafu Atoll</location> <location id="8ED26063FF922C0AFC658D96FBA669C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF922C08FF148A58FC656959:8ED26063FF922C0AFC658D96FBA669C9" box="[911,1046,466,489]" country="Maldives" name="Faafu Atoll" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Faafu Atoll</location>
, 3.06497° 72.9212°, , 3.06497° 72.9212°,
<quantity box="[1302,1368,466,489]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="35.0"> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF922C0AFAFC8D96FAE869C9" box="[1302,1368,466,489]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="35.0">
<elevation box="[1302,1368,466,489]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</elevation> <elevation id="0020D18BFF922C0AFAFC8D96FAE869C9" box="[1302,1368,466,489]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</elevation>
</quantity> </quantity>
, coll. , coll.
<collectorName box="[831,980,498,521]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">D. Maggioni</collectorName> <collectorName id="26F8536EFF922C0AFCD58DB6FC646A29" box="[831,980,498,521]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">D. Maggioni</collectorName>
and and
<collectorName box="[1054,1194,498,521]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">S. Montano</collectorName> <collectorName id="26F8536EFF922C0AFBF48DB6FB1A6A29" box="[1054,1194,498,521]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">S. Montano</collectorName>
; ;
<date box="[1216,1341,498,521]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" value="2016-04-14"> <date id="FFB31078FF922C0AFB2A8DB6FA8D6A29" box="[1216,1341,498,521]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" value="2016-04-14">
<collectingDate box="[1216,1341,498,521]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" value="2016-04-14">14.04.2016</collectingDate> <collectingDate id="EFF7E990FF922C0AFB2A8DB6FA8D6A29" box="[1216,1341,498,521]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" value="2016-04-14">14.04.2016</collectingDate>
</date> </date>
; colony composed of 6 sterile stems, ; colony composed of 6 sterile stems,
<quantity box="[1185,1309,530,553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="1.7">1.7-3.9 cm</quantity> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF922C0AFB4B8E56FAAD6A09" box="[1185,1309,530,553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="1.7">1.7-3.9 cm</quantity>
high; 16S sequence high; 16S sequence
<accessionNumber box="[936,1058,562,585]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MF773747" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">MF773747</accessionNumber> <accessionNumber id="945EAB5BFF922C0AFC428E76FB926A69" box="[936,1058,562,585]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF773747" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">MF773747</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF922C0AFCD58E25FA236C5B" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="17.[831,1437,609,1147]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFCD58E25FA236C5B" blockId="17.[831,1437,609,1147]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,952,609,632]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFCD58E25FC086A58" bold="true" box="[831,952,609,632]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[965,1080,609,632]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF922C0AFC2F8E25FB886A58" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[965,1080,609,632]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[965,1080,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFC2F8E25FB886A58" box="[965,1080,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Halopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
with tall cormoids, reportedly reaching with tall cormoids, reportedly reaching
<quantity box="[936,994,642,665]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF922C0AFC428EC6FC526AB9" box="[936,994,642,665]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
high; stems homomerously-segmented, each internode moderately-long, carrying a hydrotheca, a lateral apophysis, and up to 7 nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a scale-shaped axillar one, as well as 2-3 superior ones arranged in two parallel rows; cladia alternate, heteromerously-segmented; ahydrothecate internodes with 2 laterally-displaced nematothecae (distally, only 1 of these subsists); hydrothecate internodes with a hydrotheca and its 4 associated nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, and a small, scale-shaped axillar one. Colonies monoecious. Female gonotheca borne on stems, large, ovoid, laterally flattened, with 2 basal nematothecae, and a distal, transverse aperture closed by glass-watch-shaped operculum. high; stems homomerously-segmented, each internode moderately-long, carrying a hydrotheca, a lateral apophysis, and up to 7 nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a scale-shaped axillar one, as well as 2-3 superior ones arranged in two parallel rows; cladia alternate, heteromerously-segmented; ahydrothecate internodes with 2 laterally-displaced nematothecae (distally, only 1 of these subsists); hydrothecate internodes with a hydrotheca and its 4 associated nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, and a small, scale-shaped axillar one. Colonies monoecious. Female gonotheca borne on stems, large, ovoid, laterally flattened, with 2 basal nematothecae, and a distal, transverse aperture closed by glass-watch-shaped operculum.
<collectingRegion box="[1307,1362,1059,1082]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Male</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="49C9F85AFF922C0AFAF18867FAE26C1A" box="[1307,1362,1059,1082]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Male</collectingRegion>
gonothecae borne on both stems and cladia, small, fusiform, with narrow distal aperture, and one basal nematotheca. gonothecae borne on both stems and cladia, small, fusiform, with narrow distal aperture, and one basal nematotheca.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="etymology"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF922C0AFCD588D7FBA76CCA" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="17.[831,1436,1171,1258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C0AFCD588D7FBA76CCA" blockId="17.[831,1436,1171,1258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,964,1171,1194]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Etymology:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFCD588D7FC746C8A" bold="true" box="[831,964,1171,1194]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Etymology:</emphasis>
This species honors the late N.A.H. Millard (1914-1997) for her outstanding contribution to the hydrozoan research. This species honors the late N.A.H. Millard (1914-1997) for her outstanding contribution to the hydrozoan research.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="description"> <subSubSection id="C3176533FF922C08FCD58946FC656959" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="17.[831,1436,1282,2077]" lastBlockId="18.[831,1437,1207,1883]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="17" pageNumber="38"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF922C09FCD58946FB486F7B" blockId="17.[831,1436,1282,2077]" lastBlockId="18.[831,1437,1207,1883]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,974,1282,1305]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Description:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF922C0AFCD58946FC7E6D39" bold="true" box="[831,974,1282,1305]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Description:</emphasis>
Colonies composed of a varied number of tall stems (reportedly up to Colonies composed of a varied number of tall stems (reportedly up to
<quantity box="[1179,1235,1315,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF922C0AFB718967FB636D1A" box="[1179,1235,1315,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
in height) arising from tortuous, creeping, branching, anastomosing hydrorhiza, devoid of nematothecae. Stems erect, simple, monosiphonic ( in height) arising from tortuous, creeping, branching, anastomosing hydrorhiza, devoid of nematothecae. Stems erect, simple, monosiphonic (
<figureCitation box="[1097,1186,1411,1434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Figs 1F</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF922C0AFBA389C7FB126DBA" box="[1097,1186,1411,1434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
, ,
<figureCitation box="[1204,1240,1411,1434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">2G</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF922C0AFB5E89C7FB686DBA" box="[1204,1240,1411,1434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">2G</figureCitation>
), composed of a basal, ahydrothecate part of varied length, and a much longer, distal part bearing hydrothecae and hydrocladia; basal part arising directly from hydrorhiza without constriction above origin, usually not segmented by transverse nodes, and carrying a varied number of nematothecae in two parallel rows; distalmost node deeply-cut and oblique; remainder of stem homomerously-segmented into regular internodes by means of oblique nodes; each internode moderately long, with a hydrotheca in its basal half, a short lateral apophysis supporting a cladium, and up to 8 nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a small, scaleshaped axillar one, as well as generally 2, occasionally 3, or exceptionally 4, superior nematothecae arranged in two parallel rows ( ), composed of a basal, ahydrothecate part of varied length, and a much longer, distal part bearing hydrothecae and hydrocladia; basal part arising directly from hydrorhiza without constriction above origin, usually not segmented by transverse nodes, and carrying a varied number of nematothecae in two parallel rows; distalmost node deeply-cut and oblique; remainder of stem homomerously-segmented into regular internodes by means of oblique nodes; each internode moderately long, with a hydrotheca in its basal half, a short lateral apophysis supporting a cladium, and up to 8 nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a small, scaleshaped axillar one, as well as generally 2, occasionally 3, or exceptionally 4, superior nematothecae arranged in two parallel rows (
<figureCitation box="[1101,1238,1893,1916]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF922C0AFBA78B21FB666F5C" box="[1101,1238,1893,1916]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
); proximal most internode carries 2 opposite apophyses supporting a pair of cladia, and usually bears 3-4 superior nematothecae. Cladia borne on corresponding stem apophyses, alternate, composed of a proximal, short, quadrangular segment, followed by a succession of athecate and thecate internodes resulting from a heteromerous segmentation ( ); proximal most internode carries 2 opposite apophyses supporting a pair of cladia, and usually bears 3-4 superior nematothecae. Cladia borne on corresponding stem apophyses, alternate, composed of a proximal, short, quadrangular segment, followed by a succession of athecate and thecate internodes resulting from a heteromerous segmentation (
<figureCitation box="[481,577,1239,1262]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7A</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FE0B8893FDF16CCE" box="[481,577,1239,1262]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
); ahydrothecate internodes with straight node proximally and oblique node distally; the reverse in hydrothecate internodes; the latter, up to 5 per cladium in the material in hand, comprising a centrally-placed hydrotheca, and its 4 associated nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, as well as a minute, scale-shaped axillar one ( ); ahydrothecate internodes with straight node proximally and oblique node distally; the reverse in hydrothecate internodes; the latter, up to 5 per cladium in the material in hand, comprising a centrally-placed hydrotheca, and its 4 associated nematothecae: 1 mesial, a pair of laterals, as well as a minute, scale-shaped axillar one (
<figureCitation box="[622,742,1435,1458]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FD8489DFFD566D92" box="[622,742,1435,1458]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
); ahydrothecate internodes shorter than their hydrothecate counterparts, with generally 2 laterally-displaced nematothecae, either opposite or subopposite, more often found in proximal most internodes, whereas only one of these is retained by the distalmost internodes. Hydrothecae cup-shaped, moderately-deep, fused for about 1/3rd their adaxial length; abaxial wall straight for most of its length, slightly everted below aperture; the latter perfectly circular in apical view, slightly flaring and showing a sinuated rim in lateral view, though not producing an abaxial cusp ( ); ahydrothecate internodes shorter than their hydrothecate counterparts, with generally 2 laterally-displaced nematothecae, either opposite or subopposite, more often found in proximal most internodes, whereas only one of these is retained by the distalmost internodes. Hydrothecae cup-shaped, moderately-deep, fused for about 1/3rd their adaxial length; abaxial wall straight for most of its length, slightly everted below aperture; the latter perfectly circular in apical view, slightly flaring and showing a sinuated rim in lateral view, though not producing an abaxial cusp (
<figureCitation box="[606,698,1793,1816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7D</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FDB48B45FD0A6F38" box="[606,698,1793,1816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). All nematothecae, except the axillar ones, bithalamic and movable; mesial ones triangular in frontal view, with deeply-scooped rim on adaxial side ( ). All nematothecae, except the axillar ones, bithalamic and movable; mesial ones triangular in frontal view, with deeply-scooped rim on adaxial side (
<figureCitation box="[550,631,1891,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FDCC8B27FDC76F5A" box="[550,631,1891,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
Fig. 7 Fig. 7
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</figureCitation> </figureCitation>
<superScript attach="left" box="[631,655,1889,1903]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FD9D8B25FD3F6F4F" attach="left" box="[631,655,1889,1903]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
<figureCitation box="[631,640,1889,1903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">5</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FD9D8B25FD306F4F" box="[631,640,1889,1903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">5</figureCitation>
, ,
<figureCitation box="[647,655,1889,1903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">6</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FD6D8B25FD3F6F4F" box="[647,655,1889,1903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">6</figureCitation>
</superScript> </superScript>
); laterals borne on rather short apophyses, conical, with thickened walls ( ); laterals borne on rather short apophyses, conical, with thickened walls (
<figureCitation box="[230,325,1954,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FF0C8BE0FEF56F90" box="[230,325,1954,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
Fig. 7E Fig. 7E
<superScript attach="left" box="[317,325,1954,1968]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">7</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FED78BE6FEF56F90" attach="left" box="[317,325,1954,1968]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">7</superScript>
</figureCitation> </figureCitation>
), not surpassing the hydrothecal rim ( ), not surpassing the hydrothecal rim (
<figureCitation box="[159,249,1988,2011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7D</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FF758B80FF496FFB" box="[159,249,1988,2011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
); cauline ( ); cauline (
<figureCitation box="[369,452,1988,2011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FE9B8B80FE746FFB" box="[369,452,1988,2011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
Fig. 7 Fig. 7
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<superScript attach="left" box="[452,478,1987,2001]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FE2E8B87FE6E6FF1" attach="left" box="[452,478,1987,2001]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
<figureCitation box="[452,460,1987,2001]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">1</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FE2E8B87FE7C6FF1" box="[452,460,1987,2001]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">1</figureCitation>
, ,
<figureCitation box="[470,478,1987,2001]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">2</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FE3C8B87FE6E6FF1" box="[470,478,1987,2001]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">2</figureCitation>
</superScript> </superScript>
) and cladial ( ) and cladial (
<figureCitation box="[638,721,1988,2011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FD948B80FD616FFB" box="[638,721,1988,2011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
Fig. 7 Fig. 7
<geoCoordinate box="[704,721,1988,2011]" degrees="3, 4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" precision="5555" value="3.4">E</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="EE39507FFF912C09FD2A8B80FD616FFB" box="[704,721,1988,2011]" degrees="3, 4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" precision="5555" value="3.4">E</geoCoordinate>
</figureCitation> </figureCitation>
<superScript attach="left" box="[721,747,1987,2001]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FD3B8B87FD5B6FF1" attach="left" box="[721,747,1987,2001]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
<figureCitation box="[721,730,1987,2001]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">3</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FD3B8B87FD6A6FF1" box="[721,730,1987,2001]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">3</figureCitation>
, ,
<figureCitation box="[739,747,1987,2001]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,186,1150,1171]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,257,1098]" captionTargetId="figure-373@10.[151,1436,257,1102]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Halopteris sibogae (Billard, 1913). Portion of stem and proximal part of a cladium in frontal (B) and lateral (C) aspects. Hydrotheca in frontal (D) and lateral (E) views. Cladial nematothecae (F): from ahydrothecate internodes (F1-4), mesial (F5, 6), lateral (F7), single (F8) and paired (F9) axillar ones. Female (G) and male (H) gonothecae. Cnidome (I). Specimens MHNG- INVE-97938 (A-G, I), MHNG-INVE-97926 (H). Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (D, E, I), 200 μm (G, H), 300 μm (A-C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590674/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">4</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FD098B87FD5B6FF1" box="[739,747,1987,2001]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,186,1150,1171]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,257,1098]" captionTargetId="figure-373@10.[151,1436,257,1102]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Halopteris sibogae (Billard, 1913). Portion of stem and proximal part of a cladium in frontal (B) and lateral (C) aspects. Hydrotheca in frontal (D) and lateral (E) views. Cladial nematothecae (F): from ahydrothecate internodes (F1-4), mesial (F5, 6), lateral (F7), single (F8) and paired (F9) axillar ones. Female (G) and male (H) gonothecae. Cnidome (I). Specimens MHNG- INVE-97938 (A-G, I), MHNG-INVE-97926 (H). Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (D, E, I), 200 μm (G, H), 300 μm (A-C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590674/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">4</figureCitation>
</superScript> </superScript>
) nematothecae characteristically turned posteriad ( ) nematothecae characteristically turned posteriad (
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7A, C</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FD228BA1FF51603D" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7A, C</figureCitation>
), long, conical, with tall basal chambers and comparatively shallow apical chambers, with adaxiallyscooped rims; axillar nematothecae associated to the hydrothecae of both caulus ( ), long, conical, with tall basal chambers and comparatively shallow apical chambers, with adaxiallyscooped rims; axillar nematothecae associated to the hydrothecae of both caulus (
<figureCitation box="[1205,1291,1272,1295]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7E</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FB5F88BCFABB6D2F" box="[1205,1291,1272,1295]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[1291,1299,1270,1284]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,186,806,827]" captionTargetBox="[157,1424,259,774]" captionTargetId="figure-506@20.[151,1436,257,774]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Halopteris brasiliensis sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia in lateral (C) and frontal (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E2, 3), mesial from cauline hydrotheca (E4), lateral from cladial hydrotheca (E5), from female gonotheca (E6), pair of axillar from cauline hydrotheca (E7) and single axillar from cladial hydrotheca (E8). All from sample MHNG-INVE-37495. Scale bars: 100 μm (B- E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590682/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FAE188B2FAA36D24" box="[1291,1299,1270,1284]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,186,806,827]" captionTargetBox="[157,1424,259,774]" captionTargetId="figure-506@20.[151,1436,257,774]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Halopteris brasiliensis sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia in lateral (C) and frontal (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E2, 3), mesial from cauline hydrotheca (E4), lateral from cladial hydrotheca (E5), from female gonotheca (E6), pair of axillar from cauline hydrotheca (E7) and single axillar from cladial hydrotheca (E8). All from sample MHNG-INVE-37495. Scale bars: 100 μm (B- E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590682/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
<superScript attach="left" box="[1291,1299,1270,1284]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">8</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FAE188B2FAA36D24" attach="left" box="[1291,1299,1270,1284]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">8</superScript>
</figureCitation> </figureCitation>
) and cladia ( ) and cladia (
<figureCitation box="[839,924,1305,1328]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7E</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FCAD895DFC2C6D10" box="[839,924,1305,1328]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[925,933,1303,1317]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="30.[151,183,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,939,1919]" captionTargetId="graphics-311@30.[151,1436,881,1926]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Halopterididae species obtained with RAxML (GTR + G + I model) based on 547 bp positions (after Gblock treatment) of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if&gt; 70%). For more details, see text and Appendix 2. Highlighted in yellow boxes are species discussed in the text, boxed in grey are other species clades with more than one sample, which permit to assess the intraspecific divergences observed in this family." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590684/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FC778953FC156D05" box="[925,933,1303,1317]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="30.[151,183,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,939,1919]" captionTargetId="graphics-311@30.[151,1436,881,1926]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Halopterididae species obtained with RAxML (GTR + G + I model) based on 547 bp positions (after Gblock treatment) of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if&gt; 70%). For more details, see text and Appendix 2. Highlighted in yellow boxes are species discussed in the text, boxed in grey are other species clades with more than one sample, which permit to assess the intraspecific divergences observed in this family." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590684/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
<superScript attach="right" box="[925,933,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">9</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FC778953FC156D05" attach="right" box="[925,933,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">9</superScript>
</figureCitation> </figureCitation>
), monothalamic. Stems monoecious. Female gonothecae borne below the stem hydrothecae through short lateral apophyses and a single-segmented, quadrangular pedicel; large, ovoid, laterally-flattened, with two nematothecae on base, and a distal, transverse, conspicuously thickened aperture closed by a glasswatch-shaped operculum. ), monothalamic. Stems monoecious. Female gonothecae borne below the stem hydrothecae through short lateral apophyses and a single-segmented, quadrangular pedicel; large, ovoid, laterally-flattened, with two nematothecae on base, and a distal, transverse, conspicuously thickened aperture closed by a glasswatch-shaped operculum.
<collectingRegion box="[1150,1206,1501,1524]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Male</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="49C9F85AFF912C09FB948999FB066DD4" box="[1150,1206,1501,1524]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Male</collectingRegion>
gonothecae borne on both stems and cladia, through short, lateral apophyses and a single-segmented, quadrangular pedicel; comparatively smaller than female, fusiform, with distal, narrow, circular aperture, and a basal nematotheca. Color in life: brownish ( gonothecae borne on both stems and cladia, through short, lateral apophyses and a single-segmented, quadrangular pedicel; comparatively smaller than female, fusiform, with distal, narrow, circular aperture, and a basal nematotheca. Color in life: brownish (
<figureCitation box="[1325,1422,1664,1687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1F</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FAC78AC4FA3E6EB7" box="[1325,1422,1664,1687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM &amp; SM). Photos courtesy: N. &amp; J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Cnidome ( ). Cnidome (
<figureCitation box="[947,1029,1697,1720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7F</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF912C09FC598AE5FBB56E98" box="[947,1029,1697,1720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
) composed of ) composed of
<specimenCount box="[1198,1277,1697,1720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D0BFD31FF912C09FB448AE5FB4D6E98" box="[1198,1277,1697,1720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
of microbasic mastigophores: large, elongated-ovoid [(19.9-21.3) × (7.3-8.0) μm, in nematophores, as well as scattered in the coenosarc]; small, banana-shaped [(5.8-6.5) × (2.1- 2.3) μm, in tentacles]; small, ovoid capsules [(5.1-5.8) × (2.9-3.1) μm, scattered in the coenosarc]. of microbasic mastigophores: large, elongated-ovoid [(19.9-21.3) × (7.3-8.0) μm, in nematophores, as well as scattered in the coenosarc]; small, banana-shaped [(5.8-6.5) × (2.1- 2.3) μm, in tentacles]; small, ovoid capsules [(5.1-5.8) × (2.9-3.1) μm, scattered in the coenosarc].
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" startId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" targetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" targetPageId="18"> <caption id="DF726630FF912C09FF7D8843FB446C52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" startId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" targetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1436,1031,1138]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF912C09FF7D8843FB446C52" blockId="18.[151,1436,1031,1138]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
Fig. 7. Fig. 7.
<taxonomicName authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[227,430,1031,1052]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="millardae" status="sp. nov."> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF912C09FF098843FE1E6C3C" authority="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[227,430,1031,1052]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="millardae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[227,430,1031,1052]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Halopteris millardae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF912C09FF098843FE1E6C3C" box="[227,430,1031,1052]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Halopteris millardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[440,517,1031,1052]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> <taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57D1FF912C09FE528843FDB56C3C" box="[440,517,1031,1052]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[1150,1172,1058,1070]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">1, 2</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FB948866FB246C0E" attach="left" box="[1150,1172,1058,1070]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">1, 2</superScript>
) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E ) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[356,377,1087,1099]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">3, 4</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FE8E887BFEC96C6B" attach="left" box="[356,377,1087,1099]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">3, 4</superScript>
), mesial (E ), mesial (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[489,510,1087,1099]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">5, 6</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FE03887BFE4E6C6B" attach="left" box="[489,510,1087,1099]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">5, 6</superScript>
) and lateral (E ) and lateral (E
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) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E ) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[1310,1317,1087,1099]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">8</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FAF4887BFA956C6B" attach="left" box="[1310,1317,1087,1099]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">8</superScript>
) and cladial (E ) and cladial (E
<superScript attach="left" box="[249,256,1116,1128]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">9</superScript> <superScript id="7C789BF0FF912C09FF138818FEB06C48" attach="left" box="[249,256,1116,1128]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">9</superScript>
) hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A). ) hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A).
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</caption> </caption>
<paragraph blockId="18.[831,1109,1908,1931]" box="[831,1109,1908,1931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF912C09FCD58B30FBE56FAB" blockId="18.[831,1109,1908,1931]" box="[831,1109,1908,1931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
<heading box="[831,1109,1908,1931]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" reason="3"> <heading id="D0FA81D4FF912C09FCD58B30FBE56FAB" box="[831,1109,1908,1931]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,973,1908,1931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Dimensions:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF912C09FCD58B30FC7D6FAB" bold="true" box="[831,973,1908,1931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Dimensions:</emphasis>
See See
<tableCitation box="[1024,1105,1908,1931]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C68F0303FF912C09FBEA8B30FBE16FAB" box="[1024,1105,1908,1931]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="28.[148,201,1132,1153]" captionTargetBox="[159,1946,1194,1794]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of Halopteris australis sp. nov., H. millardae sp. nov., and H. brasiliensis sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" tableUuid="DF726630FF9F2C07FF7E8828F99A6CA1">Table 5</tableCitation>
. .
</heading> </heading>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[831,1437,1956,2077]" lastBlockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="18" pageNumber="39"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF912C08FCD58BE0FDD46919" blockId="18.[831,1437,1956,2077]" lastBlockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,945,1956,1979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Remarks:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF912C09FCD58BE0FC016F9B" bold="true" box="[831,945,1956,1979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Remarks:</emphasis>
Upon comparison of the newly-collected Maldivian specimens with the slide material MHNG- INVE-37494 (H12/32-35) prepared from the Upon comparison of the newly-collected Maldivian specimens with the slide material MHNG-INVE-37494 (H12/32-35) prepared from the
<typeStatus box="[1342,1436,2021,2044]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">holotype</typeStatus> <typeStatus id="54B6881AFF912C09FAD48BA1FA2C6FDC" box="[1342,1436,2021,2044]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
designated herein [sample MACT2700 studied by designated herein [sample MACT2700 studied by
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." box="[151,447,258,281]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon (1973)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FF7D8D46FE0F6939" author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." box="[151,447,258,281]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, as , as
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FE078D46FF6A6919" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[493,657,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FE078D46FD216939" box="[493,657,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FD488D46FF616919" author="Billard A." pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
], it appears that both are conspecific. ], it appears that both are conspecific.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF902C08FF7D8D06FEF969F9" blockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">
The description of the gonothecae, often distorted in the slide material available (H12/32: The description of the gonothecae, often distorted in the slide material available (H12/32:
<specimenCount box="[528,548,354,377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" type="male"></specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D0BFD31FF902C08FDFA8D26FD946959" box="[528,548,354,377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" type="male"></specimenCount>
; H12/33: ; H12/33:
<specimenCount box="[666,686,354,377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" type="male"></specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D0BFD31FF902C08FD708D26FD1E6959" box="[666,686,354,377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" type="male"></specimenCount>
&amp; &amp;
<specimenCount box="[728,748,354,377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" type="female"></specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D0BFD31FF902C08FD328D26FD5C6959" box="[728,748,354,377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" type="female"></specimenCount>
; H12/35: ; H12/35:
<specimenCount box="[247,267,386,409]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" type="male"></specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D0BFD31FF902C08FF1D8DC6FEBB69B9" box="[247,267,386,409]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" type="male"></specimenCount>
), was taken after ), was taken after
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon (1973: 84</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FE388DC6FF046999" author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon (1973: 84</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 10H &amp; J) and , fig. 10H &amp; J) and
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[394,617,418,441]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997: 22</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FE608DE6FDD96999" author="Schuchert P." box="[394,617,418,441]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997: 22</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 22D, as , fig. 22D, as
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,313,450,473]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FF7D8D86FE8969F9" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,313,450,473]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[151,313,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FF7D8D86FE8969F9" box="[151,313,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
). ).
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF902C08FF7D8DA6FEAD6A9A" blockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">
The tallest cormoid examined here ( The tallest cormoid examined here (
<quantity box="[595,682,482,505]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="3.9">3.9 cm</quantity> <quantity id="4CF59B5DFF902C08FDB98DA6FD1A69D9" box="[595,682,482,505]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="3.9">3.9 cm</quantity>
high) bears 54 cauline hydrothecate internodes. high) bears 54 cauline hydrothecate internodes.
<collectingRegion box="[616,656,514,537]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Not</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="49C9F85AFF902C08FD828E46FD206A39" box="[616,656,514,537]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Not</collectingRegion>
only the proximal most internode gives rise to a pair of cladia, but this situation is also repeated in several subsequent, consecutive, more distal internodes. In one cormoid, a secondary stem arises from one of the paired, basalmost hydrocladia. only the proximal most internode gives rise to a pair of cladia, but this situation is also repeated in several subsequent, consecutive, more distal internodes. In one cormoid, a secondary stem arises from one of the paired, basalmost hydrocladia.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">The first cladial ahydrothecate internodes do not differ much in length compared to their subsequent counterparts; they generally bear 2 nematothecae, though exceptionally 3 were noted. The remaining internodes equally bear 2 nematothecae (although, exceptionally, two pairs could be found) when they are found in the proximal parts of the cladia, while only one nematotheca occurs in those internodes confined to the distalmost parts of the cladia.</paragraph> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF902C08FF7D8E87FD5C6B9A" blockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">The first cladial ahydrothecate internodes do not differ much in length compared to their subsequent counterparts; they generally bear 2 nematothecae, though exceptionally 3 were noted. The remaining internodes equally bear 2 nematothecae (although, exceptionally, two pairs could be found) when they are found in the proximal parts of the cladia, while only one nematotheca occurs in those internodes confined to the distalmost parts of the cladia.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF902C08FF7D8F87FE936DFB" blockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation author="Rees W. J. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[151,419,963,986]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref28696" refString="Rees W. J., Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees &amp; Vervoorts (1987)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FF7D8F87FE136BFA" author="Rees W. J. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[151,419,963,986]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref28696" refString="Rees W. J., Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees &amp; Vervoorts (1987)</bibRefCitation>
record from record from
<collectingCountry box="[553,648,963,986]" name="Tanzania" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Zanzibar</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF902C08FDC38F87FD386BFA" box="[553,648,963,986]" name="Tanzania" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
(Stn. 112) assigned to (Stn. 112) assigned to
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[274,369,995,1018]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FEF88FA7FEC16BDA" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[274,369,995,1018]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis box="[274,369,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FEF88FA7FEC16BDA" box="[274,369,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. buskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
likely belongs to the present species. Indeed, the occurrence of pairs of suprahydrothecal nematothecae, and of a single axillar nematotheca on the cauline internodes, are distinctive. However, the authors mention only one nematotheca per ahydrothecate cladial internode; as stated above, this situation is, quite often, met with in the distalmost internodes of the material MHNG-INVE-37494. It should also be stressed that only one nematotheca of a couple is visible when the cladia are seen laterally, especially in material mounted between slide and coverslip. Strangely, Rees &amp; Vervoort do not mention a sinuated hydrothecal rim, though it should be underlined that this peculiarity is only noticeable towards the adaxial thecal wall, where the presence of lateral nematothecae could make it less obvious upon a routine examination. likely belongs to the present species. Indeed, the occurrence of pairs of suprahydrothecal nematothecae, and of a single axillar nematotheca on the cauline internodes, are distinctive. However, the authors mention only one nematotheca per ahydrothecate cladial internode; as stated above, this situation is, quite often, met with in the distalmost internodes of the material MHNG-INVE-37494. It should also be stressed that only one nematotheca of a couple is visible when the cladia are seen laterally, especially in material mounted between slide and coverslip. Strangely, Rees &amp; Vervoort do not mention a sinuated hydrothecal rim, though it should be underlined that this peculiarity is only noticeable towards the adaxial thecal wall, where the presence of lateral nematothecae could make it less obvious upon a routine examination.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF902C08FF7D89A0FE0E603D" blockId="19.[151,757,258,2077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,380,1508,1531]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="millardae"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FF7D89A0FECC6DDB" authorityName="Galea &amp; Gioia Di Camillo &amp; Maggioni &amp; Montano &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,380,1508,1531]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="millardae">
<emphasis box="[151,380,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Halopteris millardae</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FF7D89A0FECC6DDB" box="[151,380,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Halopteris millardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
comes close to a few congeners with homomerously-segmented cauli and a heteromerous division of their cladia, and whose both cauline and cladial hydrothecae are provided with an axillar nematotheca, namely comes close to a few congeners with homomerously-segmented cauli and a heteromerous division of their cladia, and whose both cauline and cladial hydrothecae are provided with an axillar nematotheca, namely
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1911)" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[400,703,1637,1660]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FE7A8A21FD0F6E5C" authority="(Billard, 1911)" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[400,703,1637,1660]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
<emphasis box="[400,523,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. nuttingi</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FE7A8A21FDBB6E5C" box="[400,523,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[545,696,1637,1660]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FDCB8A21FD086E5C" author="Billard A." box="[545,696,1637,1660]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
and and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,318,1669,1692]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FF7D8AC1FE8E6EBC" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,318,1669,1692]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[151,318,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FF7D8AC1FE8E6EBC" box="[151,318,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
. .
<taxonomicName authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[336,545,1669,1692]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FEBA8AC1FD916EBC" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[336,545,1669,1692]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
<emphasis box="[336,545,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Halopteris nuttingi</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FEBA8AC1FD916EBC" box="[336,545,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Halopteris nuttingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
has proportionally shorter cauline internodes [compare fig. 21B in has proportionally shorter cauline internodes [compare fig. 21B in
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FD638AE1FF6F6EFC" author="Schuchert P." pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
with with
<figureCitation box="[289,372,1733,1756]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Fig. 7A</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF902C08FECB8A81FEC46EFC" box="[289,372,1733,1756]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
herein], provided with up to three pairs of superior nematothecae in two parallel rows, and the upper chamber of its lateral nematothecae is globular, with the rim scooped on both ad- and abaxial walls [ herein], provided with up to three pairs of superior nematothecae in two parallel rows, and the upper chamber of its lateral nematothecae is globular, with the rim scooped on both ad- and abaxial walls [
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[230,396,1861,1884]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FF0C8B01FE3C6F7C" author="Billard A." box="[230,396,1861,1884]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
, as , as
<taxonomicName box="[455,553,1861,1884]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buski"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FE2D8B01FD996F7C" box="[455,553,1861,1884]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buski">
<emphasis box="[455,553,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. buski</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FE2D8B01FD996F7C" box="[455,553,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. buski</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
( (
<emphasis box="[578,617,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">sic!</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FDA88B01FDD96F7C" box="[578,617,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">sic!</emphasis>
); );
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FD638B01FF686F5C" author="Schuchert P." pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 21C, H), as , fig. 21C, H), as
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[440,611,1893,1916]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FE528B21FDD36F5C" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[440,611,1893,1916]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[440,611,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FE528B21FDD36F5C" box="[440,611,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
]. ].
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FD688B21FEA86FBC" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
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has comparatively longer stem and cladial ahydrothecate internodes ( has comparatively longer stem and cladial ahydrothecate internodes (
<figureCitation box="[441,565,1957,1980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF902C08FE538BE1FD856F9C" box="[441,565,1957,1980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
), its hydrothecae are shallower ( ), its hydrothecae are shallower (
<figureCitation box="[321,445,1989,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3D, F</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="13362A3DFF902C08FEAB8B81FE0D6FFC" box="[321,445,1989,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3D, F</figureCitation>
) and are provided with an even rim. Additional differences to other congeners are summarized in Appendix 1. ) and are provided with an even rim. Additional differences to other congeners are summarized in Appendix 1.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[832,1437,258,377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40"> <paragraph id="8BB236B8FF902C08FCAA8D46FC656959" blockId="19.[832,1437,258,377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,981,258,281]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Distribution:</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FCAA8D46FC656939" bold="true" box="[832,981,258,281]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[992,1107,258,281]" name="Seychelles" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Seychelles</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF902C08FC0A8D46FBE36939" box="[992,1107,258,281]" name="Seychelles" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
[ [
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." box="[1125,1432,258,281]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon (1973)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FB8F8D46FA286939" author="Millard N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon J." box="[1125,1432,258,281]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, as , as
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[866,1214,290,313]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FC888D66FB0E6919" authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[866,1214,290,313]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis box="[866,1034,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. polymorpha</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FC888D66FBBA6919" box="[866,1034,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1053,1207,290,313]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FBF78D66FB076919" author="Billard A." box="[1053,1207,290,313]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
], ],
<collectingCountry box="[1238,1338,290,313]" name="Maldives" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Maldives</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF902C08FB3C8D66FA8A6919" box="[1238,1338,290,313]" name="Maldives" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Maldives</collectingCountry>
(present study), (present study),
<collectingCountry box="[914,1009,322,345]" name="Tanzania" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Zanzibar</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F31A7628FF902C08FC788D06FC416979" box="[914,1009,322,345]" name="Tanzania" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
[ [
<bibRefCitation author="Rees W. J. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[1024,1293,322,345]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref28696" refString="Rees W. J., Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees &amp; Vervoort (1987)</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FBEA8D06FABD6979" author="Rees W. J. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[1024,1293,322,345]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref28696" refString="Rees W. J., Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees &amp; Vervoort (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, as , as
<taxonomicName authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii"> <taxonomicName id="4C0D4D3BFF902C08FAD08D06FC7A6959" authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
<emphasis box="[1338,1437,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. buskii</emphasis> <emphasis id="B979EAAAFF902C08FAD08D06FA2D6979" box="[1338,1437,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="40">H. buskii</emphasis>
( (
<bibRefCitation author="Bale W. M." box="[839,962,354,377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B49FF902C08FCAD8D26FC726959" author="Bale W. M." box="[839,962,354,377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="40" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation>
) )
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
]. ].

View file

@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
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<treatment id="620587906368FFF80885F7DB77F19468" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190306157" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:620587906368FFF80885F7DB77F19468" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/620587906368FFF80885F7DB77F19468" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <treatment id="620587906368FFF80885F7DB77F19468" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190306157" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:620587906368FFF80885F7DB77F19468" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/620587906368FFF80885F7DB77F19468" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" scope_class="Mammalia" scope_family="Prionodontidae" scope_order="Carnivora" scope_subOrder="Feliformia">
<subSubSection id="A2B6650D6368FFFB0885F7DB73AE9F60" box="[192,220,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" type="multiple"> <subSubSection id="A2B6650D6368FFFB0885F7DB73AE9F60" box="[192,220,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB0885F7DB73AE9F60" blockId="1.[187,978,2054,2144]" box="[192,220,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB0885F7DB73AE9F60" blockId="1.[187,978,2054,2144]" box="[192,220,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="B15B81EA6368FFFB0885F7DB73AE9F60" box="[192,220,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <heading id="B15B81EA6368FFFB0885F7DB73AE9F60" box="[192,220,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">
@ -53,14 +53,14 @@
<subSubSection id="A2B6650D6368FFFB08A8F7DB71329F60" box="[237,576,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" type="vernacular_names"> <subSubSection id="A2B6650D6368FFFB08A8F7DB71329F60" box="[237,576,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB08A8F7DB71329F60" blockId="1.[187,978,2054,2144]" box="[237,576,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB08A8F7DB71329F60" blockId="1.[187,978,2054,2144]" box="[237,576,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="B15B81EA6368FFFB08A8F7DB71329F60" box="[237,576,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <heading id="B15B81EA6368FFFB08A8F7DB71329F60" box="[237,576,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">
<vernacularName id="64AF46A86368FFFB08A8F7DB71329F60" box="[237,576,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Banded Linsang</vernacularName> <vernacularName id="64AF46A86368FFFB08A8F7DB71329F60" baseAuthorityName="Hardwicke" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[237,576,2054,2100]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" language="eng" order="Isobryales" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="linsang">Banded Linsang</vernacularName>
</heading> </heading>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2B6650D6368FFFB0A34F7DB70A39F60" box="[625,977,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature"> <subSubSection id="A2B6650D6368FFFB0A34F7DB70A39F60" box="[625,977,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB0A34F7DB70A39F60" blockId="1.[187,978,2054,2144]" box="[625,977,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB0A34F7DB70A39F60" blockId="1.[187,978,2054,2144]" box="[625,977,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="B15B81EA6368FFFB0A34F7DB70A39F60" box="[625,977,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <heading id="B15B81EA6368FFFB0A34F7DB70A39F60" box="[625,977,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="2DAC4D056368FFFB0A34F7DB70A39F60" baseAuthorityName="Hardwicke" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[625,977,2054,2100]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="linsang"> <taxonomicName id="2DAC4D056368FFFB0A34F7DB70A39F60" authority="(Hardwicke, 1821)" baseAuthorityName="Hardwicke" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[625,977,2054,2100]" class="Mammalia" family="Prionodontidae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="linsang">
<emphasis id="D8D8EA946368FFFB0A34F7DB70A39F60" box="[625,977,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Prionodon linsang</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA946368FFFB0A34F7DB70A39F60" box="[625,977,2054,2100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Prionodon linsang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
</heading> </heading>
@ -70,13 +70,13 @@
<paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB08F9F79B70D69F0F" blockId="1.[187,978,2054,2144]" box="[188,932,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB08F9F79B70D69F0F" blockId="1.[187,978,2054,2144]" box="[188,932,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="B15B81EA6368FFFB08F9F79B70D69F0F" box="[188,932,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <heading id="B15B81EA6368FFFB08F9F79B70D69F0F" box="[188,932,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="D8D8EA946368FFFB08F9F79B727B9F0F" box="[188,265,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">French:</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA946368FFFB08F9F79B727B9F0F" box="[188,265,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="64AF46A86368FFFB0956F79B72FD9F0F" box="[275,399,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Linsang rayé</vernacularName> <vernacularName id="64AF46A86368FFFB0956F79B72FD9F0F" baseAuthorityName="Hardwicke" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[275,399,2118,2139]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" language="fra" order="Isobryales" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="linsang">Linsang rayé</vernacularName>
/ /
<emphasis id="D8D8EA946368FFFB09E1F79B728D9F0F" box="[420,511,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">German:</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA946368FFFB09E1F79B728D9F0F" box="[420,511,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="64AF46A86368FFFB0A4FF79B71E79F0F" box="[522,661,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Banderlinsang</vernacularName> <vernacularName id="64AF46A86368FFFB0A4FF79B71E79F0F" baseAuthorityName="Hardwicke" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[522,661,2118,2139]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" language="deu" order="Isobryales" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="linsang">Banderlinsang</vernacularName>
/ /
<emphasis id="D8D8EA946368FFFB0AEFF79B70779F0F" box="[682,773,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Spanish:</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA946368FFFB0AEFF79B70779F0F" box="[682,773,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="64AF46A86368FFFB0B55F79B70D69F0F" box="[784,932,2118,2139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Linsang rayado</vernacularName> <vernacularName id="64AF46A86368FFFB0B55F79B70D69F0F" baseAuthorityName="Hardwicke" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[784,932,2118,2139]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" language="esp" order="Isobryales" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="linsang">Linsang rayado</vernacularName>
</heading> </heading>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ includes maculosus and gracilis includes hardwichaz, fredericae, and interliniur
<emphasis id="D8D8EA946368FFFB08F9F6FB71399E13" box="[188,587,2342,2375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA946368FFFB08F9F6FB71399E13" box="[188,587,2342,2375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB08F8F68872379EC1" blockId="1.[183,1391,2187,3484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB08F8F68872379EC1" blockId="1.[183,1391,2187,3484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="2DAC4D056368FFFB08F8F68871119E3A" authority="Hardwicke, 1821" authorityName="Hardwicke" authorityYear="1821" box="[189,611,2389,2414]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="linsang" subSpecies="linsang">P. l. linsang Hardwicke, 1821</taxonomicName> <taxonomicName id="2DAC4D056368FFFB08F8F68871119E3A" authority="Hardwicke, 1821" authorityName="Hardwicke" authorityYear="1821" box="[189,611,2389,2414]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Prionodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="linsang" subSpecies="linsang">P. l. linsang Hardwicke, 1821</taxonomicName>
— S — S
<collectingCountry id="92BB76166368FFFB0AF6F68870489E3A" box="[691,826,2389,2414]" name="Myanmar" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Myanmar</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="92BB76166368FFFB0AF6F68870489E3A" box="[691,826,2389,2414]" name="Myanmar" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, Peninsular , Peninsular
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ includes maculosus and gracilis includes hardwichaz, fredericae, and interliniur
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB08F8F64277009EE8" blockId="1.[183,1391,2187,3484]" box="[189,1138,2463,2492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172"> <paragraph id="EA1336866368FFFB08F8F64277009EE8" blockId="1.[183,1391,2187,3484]" box="[189,1138,2463,2492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="2DAC4D056368FFFB08F8F642715D9EE8" authority="Horsfield, 1822" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1822" box="[189,559,2463,2492]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="linsang" subSpecies="gracilis">P. l. gracilis Horsfield, 1822</taxonomicName> <taxonomicName id="2DAC4D056368FFFB08F8F642715D9EE8" authority="Horsfield, 1822" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1822" box="[189,559,2463,2492]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Prionodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="linsang" subSpecies="gracilis">P. l. gracilis Horsfield, 1822</taxonomicName>
— Bangka I, Belitung I, Borneo, and — Bangka I, Belitung I, Borneo, and
<collectingRegion id="2868F8646368FFFB0C75F642771C9EE8" box="[1072,1134,2463,2492]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Java</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="2868F8646368FFFB0C75F642771C9EE8" box="[1072,1134,2463,2492]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="1" pageNumber="172">Java</collectingRegion>
. .

View file

@ -1,56 +1,60 @@
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Family Family
<taxonomicName id="2DAC4D056369FFFA0A92FDF176F0953B" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1824" box="[727,1410,556,623]" class="Mammalia" family="Prionodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">PRIONODONTIDAE</taxonomicName> <taxonomicName id="2DAC4D056369FFFA0A92FDF176F0953B" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1824" box="[727,1410,556,623]" class="Mammalia" family="Prionodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="family" subOrder="Feliformia">PRIONODONTIDAE</taxonomicName>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A2B6650D6369FFFA0DE4FDF17444953B" box="[1441,1846,556,623]" pageId="0" pageNumber="170" type="vernacular_names"> <subSubSection id="A2B6650D6369FFFA0DE4FDF17444953B" box="[1441,1846,556,623]" pageId="0" pageNumber="170" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="EA1336866369FFFA0DE4FDF17444953B" blockId="0.[499,1848,556,640]" box="[1441,1846,556,623]" pageId="0" pageNumber="170">(LINSANGS)</paragraph> <paragraph id="EA1336866369FFFA0DE4FDF17444953B" blockId="0.[499,1848,556,640]" box="[1441,1846,556,623]" pageId="0" pageNumber="170">
(
<vernacularName id="64AF46A86369FFFA0DF1FDF17451953B" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1824" box="[1460,1827,556,623]" class="Mammalia" family="Prionodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">LINSANGS</vernacularName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2B6650D6369FFFA0CA6FD6A76CC9422" pageId="0" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis"> <subSubSection id="A2B6650D6369FFFA0CA6FD6A76CC9422" pageId="0" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="EA1336866369FFFA0CA6FD6A7540941A" blockId="0.[1250,2130,695,1287]" pageId="0" pageNumber="170">• Small mammals with slender, genet-like aspect, pointed muzzle, elongated neck, and tail almost as long as the head and body; spotted coat pattern and a pair of large stripes on the nape.</paragraph> <paragraph id="EA1336866369FFFA0CA6FD6A7540941A" blockId="0.[1250,2130,695,1287]" pageId="0" pageNumber="170">• Small mammals with slender, genet-like aspect, pointed muzzle, elongated neck, and tail almost as long as the head and body; spotted coat pattern and a pair of large stripes on the nape.</paragraph>

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@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
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<mods:title id="A2311D2F0D51FC837A426B1C1A15C9EB">Prionodonotidae</mods:title> <mods:title id="EC7BFCE60B22E9E97E792771CB0B92E1">Prionodonotidae</mods:title>
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<treatment id="62058790636BFFF808DCFC5D75329F55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714356" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190306156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714356" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62058790636BFFF808DCFC5D75329F55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/62058790636BFFF808DCFC5D75329F55" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <treatment id="62058790636BFFF808DCFC5D75329F55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714356" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190306156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714356" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62058790636BFFF808DCFC5D75329F55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/62058790636BFFF808DCFC5D75329F55" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" scope_class="Mammalia" scope_family="Prionodontidae" scope_order="Carnivora" scope_subOrder="Feliformia">
<subSubSection id="A2B6650D636BFFF808DCFC5D73CA94E6" box="[153,184,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="multiple"> <subSubSection id="A2B6650D636BFFF808DCFC5D73CA94E6" box="[153,184,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="multiple">
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@ -53,14 +53,14 @@
<subSubSection id="A2B6650D636BFFF8088CFC5D716E94E6" box="[201,540,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="vernacular_names"> <subSubSection id="A2B6650D636BFFF8088CFC5D716E94E6" box="[201,540,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF8088CFC5D716E94E6" blockId="2.[150,986,896,987]" box="[201,540,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF8088CFC5D716E94E6" blockId="2.[150,986,896,987]" box="[201,540,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<heading id="B15B81EA636BFFF8088CFC5D716E94E6" box="[201,540,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <heading id="B15B81EA636BFFF8088CFC5D716E94E6" box="[201,540,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<vernacularName id="64AF46A8636BFFF8088CFC5D716E94E6" box="[201,540,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Spotted Linsang</vernacularName> <vernacularName id="64AF46A8636BFFF8088CFC5D716E94E6" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" box="[201,540,896,946]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" language="eng" order="Isobryales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pardicolor">Spotted Linsang</vernacularName>
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<subSubSection id="A2B6650D636BFFF80A25FC5D70A894E6" box="[608,986,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature"> <subSubSection id="A2B6650D636BFFF80A25FC5D70A894E6" box="[608,986,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF80A25FC5D70A894E6" blockId="2.[150,986,896,987]" box="[608,986,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF80A25FC5D70A894E6" blockId="2.[150,986,896,987]" box="[608,986,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<heading id="B15B81EA636BFFF80A25FC5D70A894E6" box="[608,986,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <heading id="B15B81EA636BFFF80A25FC5D70A894E6" box="[608,986,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="2DAC4D05636BFFF80A25FC5D70A894E6" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" box="[608,986,896,946]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pardicolor"> <taxonomicName id="2DAC4D05636BFFF80A25FC5D70A894E6" authority="Hodgson, 1842" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" box="[608,986,896,946]" class="Mammalia" family="Prionodontidae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardicolor">
<emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF80A25FC5D70A894E6" box="[608,986,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Prionodon pardicolor</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF80A25FC5D70A894E6" box="[608,986,896,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Prionodon pardicolor</emphasis>
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@ -70,20 +70,20 @@
<paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF808DDFC1970B9948D" blockId="2.[150,986,896,987]" box="[152,971,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF808DDFC1970B9948D" blockId="2.[150,986,896,987]" box="[152,971,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<heading id="B15B81EA636BFFF808DDFC1970B9948D" box="[152,971,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <heading id="B15B81EA636BFFF808DDFC1970B9948D" box="[152,971,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF808DDFC197396948D" box="[152,228,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">French:</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF808DDFC197396948D" box="[152,228,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="64AF46A8636BFFF808ABFC1972F9948D" box="[238,395,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Linsang tacheté</vernacularName> <vernacularName id="64AF46A8636BFFF808ABFC1972F9948D" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" box="[238,395,964,985]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" language="fra" order="Isobryales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pardicolor">Linsang tacheté</vernacularName>
/ /
<emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF809E5FC197289948D" box="[416,507,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">German:</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF809E5FC197289948D" box="[416,507,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="64AF46A8636BFFF80A40FC1971E5948D" box="[517,663,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Fleckenlinsang</vernacularName> <vernacularName id="64AF46A8636BFFF80A40FC1971E5948D" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" box="[517,663,964,985]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" language="deu" order="Isobryales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pardicolor">Fleckenlinsang</vernacularName>
/ /
<emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF80AE9FC197075948D" box="[684,775,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Spanish:</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF80AE9FC197075948D" box="[684,775,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="64AF46A8636BFFF80B54FC1970B9948D" box="[785,971,964,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Linsang manchado</vernacularName> <vernacularName id="64AF46A8636BFFF80B54FC1970B9948D" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" box="[785,971,964,985]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" language="esp" order="Isobryales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pardicolor">Linsang manchado</vernacularName>
</heading> </heading>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2B6650D636BFFF80AB2FBD570329304" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group"> <subSubSection id="A2B6650D636BFFF80AB2FBD570329304" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF80AB2FBD570329304" blockId="2.[757,1351,1032,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF80AB2FBD570329304" blockId="2.[757,1351,1032,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF80AB2FBD570E3937D" box="[759,913,1032,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Taxonomy.</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF80AB2FBD570E3937D" box="[759,913,1032,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2DAC4D05636BFFF80BE7FBD570499304" authority="Hodgson, 1842" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pardicolor">Prionodon pardicolor Hodgson, 1842</taxonomicName> <taxonomicName id="2DAC4D05636BFFF80BE7FBD570499304" authority="Hodgson, 1842" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Prionodontidae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardicolor">Prionodon pardicolor Hodgson, 1842</taxonomicName>
, ,
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
<subSubSection id="A2B6650D636BFFF80AB3FBA377B29392" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="discussion"> <subSubSection id="A2B6650D636BFFF80AB3FBA377B29392" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF80AB3FBA377B29392" blockId="2.[757,1351,1032,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF80AB3FBA377B29392" blockId="2.[757,1351,1032,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
Two subspecies recognized, Two subspecies recognized,
<taxonomicName id="2DAC4D05636BFFF80CD3FBA3766593CB" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" box="[1174,1303,1150,1183]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pardicolor">pardicolor</taxonomicName> <taxonomicName id="2DAC4D05636BFFF80CD3FBA3766593CB" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" box="[1174,1303,1150,1183]" class="Mammalia" family="Prionodontidae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardicolor">pardicolor</taxonomicName>
includes pardochrous, and perdicator. includes pardochrous, and perdicator.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ includes pardochrous, and perdicator.
<emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF80AB2FB0D77F793B9" box="[759,1157,1232,1261]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis> <emphasis id="D8D8EA94636BFFF80AB2FB0D77F793B9" box="[759,1157,1232,1261]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF80AB3FB2977A19268" blockId="2.[757,1351,1032,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF80AB3FB2977A19268" blockId="2.[757,1351,1032,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="2DAC4D05636BFFF80AB3FB2977DA9241" authority="Hodgson, 1842" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" box="[758,1192,1268,1301]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pardicolor" subSpecies="pardicolor">P. p. pardicolor Hodgson, 1842</taxonomicName> <taxonomicName id="2DAC4D05636BFFF80AB3FB2977DA9241" authority="Hodgson, 1842" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1842" box="[758,1192,1268,1301]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Prionodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pardicolor" subSpecies="pardicolor">P. p. pardicolor Hodgson, 1842</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="92BB7616636BFFF80C92FB29764D9241" box="[1239,1343,1268,1301]" name="Bhutan" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Bhutan</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="92BB7616636BFFF80C92FB29764D9241" box="[1239,1343,1268,1301]" name="Bhutan" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
, NE , NE
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ includes pardochrous, and perdicator.
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF80AB3FA9F766992DF" blockId="2.[757,1351,1032,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173"> <paragraph id="EA133686636BFFF80AB3FA9F766992DF" blockId="2.[757,1351,1032,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="2DAC4D05636BFFF80AB3FA9F771B9237" authority="Thomas, 1925" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1925" box="[758,1129,1346,1379]" class="Bryopsida" family="Prionodontaceae" genus="Prionodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Isobryales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pardicolor" subSpecies="presina">P. p. presina Thomas, 1925</taxonomicName> <taxonomicName id="2DAC4D05636BFFF80AB3FA9F771B9237" authority="Thomas, 1925" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1925" box="[758,1129,1346,1379]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Prionodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pardicolor" subSpecies="presina">P. p. presina Thomas, 1925</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="92BB7616636BFFF80CD7FA9F76569237" box="[1170,1316,1346,1379]" name="Cambodia" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Cambodia</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="92BB7616636BFFF80CD7FA9F76569237" box="[1170,1316,1346,1379]" name="Cambodia" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, S , S