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<document id="3C5D9DA79AABDD18A9B5FD8509EF96DA" ID-CLB-Dataset="308049" ID-DOI="10.1080/01650424.2015.1134799" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce9a3ad6-5477-4a55-bc64-101fd1cd2d87" ID-ISSN="1744-4152" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14837611" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1739035818979" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Contador, Tamara & Kennedy, James" docDate="2016" docId="03823960FFCC5E53D6E1FA4AFC42F231" docLanguage="en" docName="AquatInsect.37.2.145-158.pdf" docOrigin="Aquatic Insects 37 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2015.1134799" docTitle="Meridialaris chiloeensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFBB4118FFCA5E5BD67EFFAAFFC1F607" masterDocTitle="The life histories of Meridialaris chiloeensis (Demoulin, 1955) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and Gigantodax rufescens (Edwards, 1931) (Diptera: Simuliidae) on a Magellanic sub-Antarctic island (55 ° S)" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="145" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1739036422986" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4D9B4F455F00BA0FB2A9E3183F114281">The life histories of Meridialaris chiloeensis (Demoulin, 1955) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and Gigantodax rufescens (Edwards, 1931) (Diptera: Simuliidae) on a Magellanic sub-Antarctic island (55 ° S)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E22993CE942EEF4DBDCDCD8898F429E1">Contador, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="72D94959A852D88D6691F1E78B431222">Wankara Freshwater Ecology Laboratory, Puerto Williams, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile & Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Punta Arenas, Chile & Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2FC6E36A0ACECE14865F7323728126C9">Kennedy, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F8A3295FD40B43E148971DD7D994BB54">Wankara Freshwater Ecology Laboratory, Puerto Williams, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile & Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Punta Arenas, Chile & Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, USA & GAIA-Ant ́ artica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7F1DAC3ABF46A07282EEAB65EE2EC854">Aquatic Insects</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D6FE15C49BC9484300A338EE00FEB38C">
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<mods:date id="C40709E108170F8A13B3710CD6D835A6">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5E49D3FB2E5C33F712B909AD7D61B1E7">2016-05-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0655737499E9B120D35FF5D78CB3ABD5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9BADF22D969DC5057DB1982A3D0BD399">37</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="52804478AE4206FC3A4AF16323C8FBFA">https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2015.1134799</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2FC5DA6C743B4573A1A2A106DB3D2642">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DDDCE74FBEA5CD6B886284A7E536FB84" type="DOI">10.1080/01650424.2015.1134799</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03823960FFCC5E53D6E1FA4AFC42F231" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14837606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14837606" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03823960FFCC5E53D6E1FA4AFC42F231" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03823960FFCC5E53D6E1FA4AFC42F231" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C331DBFDFFCC5E5DD6E1FA4AFDE1F01B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B948876FFCC5E5DD6E1FA4AFDE1F01B" blockId="6.[159,1109,1504,1564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0DC3F1AFFCC5E5DD6E1FA4AFDE1F01B" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B95F5464FFCC5E5DD6E1FA4AFDE1F01B" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B95F5464FFCC5E5DD6E1FA4AFEAFF3FD" bold="true" box="[159,366,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Determination of</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BF3F5FFCC5E5DD70BFA4BFD57F3FD" ID-CoL="6QZC5" baseAuthorityName="Demoulin" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[373,662,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloeensis">Meridialaris chiloeensis</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B95F5464FFCC5E5DD4E3FA4AFDE1F01B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">developmental classes and voltinism through the altitudinal gradient</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331DBFDFFCC5E53D6E1F99CFC42F231" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B948876FFCC5E5DD6E1F99CFDC5F057" blockId="6.[159,1156,1590,1720]" box="[159,516,1590,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B95F5464FFCC5E5DD6E1F99CFDC5F057" box="[159,516,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nymphal developmental classes</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B948876FFCC5E5CD6E1F9F0FBF9F3C9" blockId="6.[159,1156,1590,1720]" lastBlockId="7.[159,1156,1323,1486]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Five distinct nymph developmental classes were obtained for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BF3F5FFCC5E5DD530F9F1FC29F075" baseAuthorityName="Demoulin" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[846,1000,1626,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloeensis">
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<emphasis id="B95F5464FFCC5E5DD530F9F1FC29F075" box="[846,1000,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. chiloeensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by describing the developmental stage of the mesothoracic wing pads (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBAF587FFCC5E5DD53BF9D7FBBBF092" author="Taylor, J. M. & Kennedy, J. H." box="[837,1146,1661,1685]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="821 - 830" part="99" refId="ref7142" refString="Taylor, J. M., and Kennedy, J. H. (2006), ' Life History and Secondary Production of Caenis latipennis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) in Honey Creek, Oklahoma', Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 821 - 830." title="Life History and Secondary Production of Caenis latipennis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) in Honey Creek, Oklahoma'" type="journal article" year="2006">Taylor and Kennedy 2006</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="131094F3FFCC5E5DD6D7F935FEC7F0B0" box="[169,262,1695,1719]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[159,223,731,753]" captionTargetBox="[259,1058,141,701]" captionTargetId="figure-265@8.[258,1058,141,701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Mesothoracic wing pad developmental stages for Meridialaris chiloeensis (Demoulin, 1955). (1) Absence of wing pads and well-defined compound eyes; (2) absence of wing pads; (3) clear wing pads on the first thoracic segment; (4) wing pads with veins, expanding from the first thoracic segment to the mid portion of the second thoracic segment; (5) darkened wing pads, expanding to the mid portion of the third thoracic segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14837623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14837623/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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). The first developmental stage was characterised by the absence of wing pads and well-defined compound eyes, while the second primarily by the absence of wing pads. The third developmental stage presents clear wing pads on the first thoracic segment, and the fourth and fifth has wing pads with veins, expanding from the first thoracic segment to the mid portion of the second thoracic segment, and darkened wing pads, expanding to the mid portion of the third thoracic segment, respectively (
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<figureCitation id="131094F3FFCD5E5CD5B3FA1CFBE9F3C9" box="[973,1064,1462,1486]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[159,223,731,753]" captionTargetBox="[259,1058,141,701]" captionTargetId="figure-265@8.[258,1058,141,701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Mesothoracic wing pad developmental stages for Meridialaris chiloeensis (Demoulin, 1955). (1) Absence of wing pads and well-defined compound eyes; (2) absence of wing pads; (3) clear wing pads on the first thoracic segment; (4) wing pads with veins, expanding from the first thoracic segment to the mid portion of the second thoracic segment; (5) darkened wing pads, expanding to the mid portion of the third thoracic segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14837623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14837623/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF54D8FEFFCD5E5CD6E1FBD9FF34F2F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14837621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14837621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14837621/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[159,223,1139,1161]" targetBox="[185,1130,144,1108]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B948876FFCD5E5CD6E1FBD9FF34F2F9" blockId="7.[159,1157,1138,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B95F5464FFCD5E5CD6E1FBD9FF3DF28E" bold="true" box="[159,252,1139,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Relative abundance of larval instars and total number of pupae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BF3F5FFCD5E5CD5C8FBD8FEFCF2A1" authority="(Edwards, 1931)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gigantodax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
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<emphasis id="B95F5464FFCD5E5CD5C8FBD8FB45F28E" box="[950,1156,1138,1161]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gigantodax rufescens</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBAF587FFCD5E5CD6DAFB3AFEF7F2A1" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[164,310,1168,1190]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="121 - 154" part="2" refId="ref5736" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1931), ' Simuliidae, Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile', Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 2 (4), 121 - 154." title="Simuliidae, Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile'" type="journal article" year="1931">Edwards, 1931</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Ŕobalo River watershed, at station V (120 m a.s.l.), from August of 2009 through August of 2010. Bar thickness represents the relative proportion of individuals in each instar. Bold, curved lines indicate proposed cohorts derived from cumulative degree-days data obtained from the field.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B948876FFCD5E5CD6E1F9BEFEC6F029" blockId="7.[159,1156,1556,1719]" box="[159,263,1556,1582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B95F5464FFCD5E5CD6E1F9BEFEC6F029" box="[159,263,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Voltinism</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B948876FFCD5E53D6E1F992FC42F231" blockId="7.[159,1156,1556,1719]" lastBlockId="8.[159,1156,916,1079]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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A high proportion of nymphs in the first developmental stage were observed during December and January, while the fifth developmental stage was more abundant through the end of March (
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<figureCitation id="131094F3FFCD5E5CD709F9D7FE15F092" box="[375,468,1661,1685]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[159,223,835,857]" captionTargetBox="[180,1136,141,804]" captionTargetId="figure-262@9.[179,1136,141,804]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Relative abundance of Meridialaris chiloeensis (Demoulin, 1955) nymph developmental classes from the Ŕobalo River watershed, at site V (120 m a.s.l.), from August of 2009 through August of 2010. Arrows correspond with emergence peaks. Bar thickness represents the relative proportion of measured individuals in each developmental class. Bold lines indicate proposed cohorts derived and represent estimated developmental rates derived from a combination of developmental class frequency, emergence, and DD estimates from continuous field water temperatures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14837625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14837625/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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). At the same time, a high proportion of first and fifth stage nymphs were observed during April and December, respectively, showing the development of a second, slower-growing generation during the winter. Based on these population dynamics, it was estimated that it takes approximately 1185 degree-days for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BF3F5FFC25E53D6B7FC70FEA5F5F6" baseAuthorityName="Demoulin" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[201,356,985,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloeensis">
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<emphasis id="B95F5464FFC25E53D6B7FC70FEA5F5F6" box="[201,356,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. chiloeensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to complete one generation. With this estimate, we concluded that at 120 metres a.s.l.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BF3F5FFC25E53D712FC56FDCBF213" baseAuthorityName="Demoulin" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[364,522,1020,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Meridialaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloeensis">
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<emphasis id="B95F5464FFC25E53D712FC56FDCBF213" box="[364,522,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. chiloeensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a bivoltine life cycle, with adult emergence times occurring during January - February and March -April (
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<figureCitation id="131094F3FFC25E53D567FBB4FCB2F231" box="[793,883,1054,1078]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[159,223,835,857]" captionTargetBox="[180,1136,141,804]" captionTargetId="figure-262@9.[179,1136,141,804]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Relative abundance of Meridialaris chiloeensis (Demoulin, 1955) nymph developmental classes from the Ŕobalo River watershed, at site V (120 m a.s.l.), from August of 2009 through August of 2010. Arrows correspond with emergence peaks. Bar thickness represents the relative proportion of measured individuals in each developmental class. Bold lines indicate proposed cohorts derived and represent estimated developmental rates derived from a combination of developmental class frequency, emergence, and DD estimates from continuous field water temperatures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14837625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14837625/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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