diff --git a/data/03/82/39/03823960FFCC5E53D6E1FA4AFC42F231.xml b/data/03/82/39/03823960FFCC5E53D6E1FA4AFC42F231.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9f0aa5b2339 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/82/39/03823960FFCC5E53D6E1FA4AFC42F231.xml @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ + + + +The life histories of Meridialaris chiloeensis (Demoulin, 1955) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and Gigantodax rufescens (Edwards, 1931) (Diptera: Simuliidae) on a Magellanic sub-Antarctic island (55 ° S) + + + +Author + +Contador, Tamara +Wankara Freshwater Ecology Laboratory, Puerto Williams, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile & Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Punta Arenas, Chile & Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, USA + + + +Author + +Kennedy, James +Wankara Freshwater Ecology Laboratory, Puerto Williams, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile & Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Punta Arenas, Chile & Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, USA & GAIA-Ant ́ artica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile + +text + + +Aquatic Insects + + +2016 + +2016-05-16 + + +37 + + +2 + + +145 +158 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2015.1134799 + +journal article +308049 +10.1080/01650424.2015.1134799 +ce9a3ad6-5477-4a55-bc64-101fd1cd2d87 +1744-4152 +14837611 + + + + + + +Determination of +Meridialaris chiloeensis +developmental classes and voltinism through the altitudinal gradient + + + + + + +Nymphal developmental classes + + +Five distinct nymph developmental classes were obtained for + +M. chiloeensis + +by describing the developmental stage of the mesothoracic wing pads ( +Taylor and Kennedy 2006 +) ( +Figure 6 +). The first developmental stage was characterised by the absence of wing pads and well-defined compound eyes, while the second primarily by the absence of wing pads. The third developmental stage presents clear wing pads on the first thoracic segment, and the fourth and fifth has wing pads with veins, expanding from the first thoracic segment to the mid portion of the second thoracic segment, and darkened wing pads, expanding to the mid portion of the third thoracic segment, respectively ( +Figure 6 +). + + + +Figure 5. +Relative abundance of larval instars and total number of pupae of + +Gigantodax rufescens +( +Edwards, 1931 +) + +from the Ŕobalo River watershed, at station V (120 m a.s.l.), from August of 2009 through August of 2010. Bar thickness represents the relative proportion of individuals in each instar. Bold, curved lines indicate proposed cohorts derived from cumulative degree-days data obtained from the field. + + + +Voltinism + + +A high proportion of nymphs in the first developmental stage were observed during December and January, while the fifth developmental stage was more abundant through the end of March ( +Figure 7 +). At the same time, a high proportion of first and fifth stage nymphs were observed during April and December, respectively, showing the development of a second, slower-growing generation during the winter. Based on these population dynamics, it was estimated that it takes approximately 1185 degree-days for + +M. chiloeensis + +to complete one generation. With this estimate, we concluded that at 120 metres a.s.l., + +M. chiloeensis + +has a bivoltine life cycle, with adult emergence times occurring during January - February and March -April ( +Figure 7 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file